Japan and the Japanese

GARDENS. 311
ment. Ordinary people often plant the same kind of trees before
their street-doors.
" But to return to the Tsubo, or garden. A good one must
include at least thirty feet square, and consist of the following
essential parts : 1. The ground is covered partly with roundish
stones of different colors, gathered in rivers or upon the sea-shore,
well washed and cleaned, and those of the same kind, laid together
in form of beds, partly with gravel which is swept every day, and
kept clean and neat to admiration, the large stones being laid in
the middle as a path to walk upon without injuring the gravel, the
whole in a seeming but ingenious confusion. 2. Some few flower-
bearing shrubs planted confusedly, though not without seme certain
rules. Amidst them stands sometimes a Sayuer, as they call
it, or scarce outlandish tree, sometimes a dwarf tree or two.
3. A small rock or hill in a corner of the garden, made in imita-
tion of nature, curiously
adorned with birds and insects cast in
brass, and placed between the stones. Sometimes the model of a
temple stands upon it, built, as for the sake of the prospect they
generally are, on a remarkable eminence or the borders of a preci-
pice. Often a small rivulet rushes down the stones with an agreeable
noise, the whole in due proportions and as near as possible
resembling nature. 4. A small thicket or wood on the side of the
hill, for which the gardeners choose such trees as will grow close
to one another, and plant and cut them according to their largeness,
nature, and the color of their flowers and leaves, so as to make
the whole very accurately imitate a natural wood or forest. 5. A
cistern or pond, as mentioned above, with live fish kept in it, and
surrounded with proper plants, that is, such as love a watery soil,
and would lose their beauty and greenness if planted in a dry
ground. It is a particular profession to lay out these gardens, and
to keep them so curiously and nicely as they ought to be.
" There are innumerable smaller inns, cook-shops, saki, or ale
houses, pastry-cooks' and confectioners' shops, all along the road,
even in the midst of woods and forests, and at the tops of moun
tains, where a weary foot-traveller, and the meaner sort of people,
find at all times, for a few seni, something warm to eat, or hot tea,
or saki, or somewhat else of the kind, wherewith to refresh them-
selves. 'T is true, these cook-shops are but poor, sorry houses, if