Japan and the Japanese

284 JAPAN. A. I). 1C90- 1C92.
assistance of my fellow-travellers, obliging
some with a submissive
humble conduct and ready assistance, as to physic- and physical
advice, others with secret rewards for the very meanest services and
favors.
" A traveller must not forget to provide himself with a cloak,
against rainy weather, made of double-varnished oiled paper, and
withal so very large and wide that it covers and shelters at once
man, horse and baggage. It seems the Japanese have learned the
use of it, together with the name Kap])a, from the Portuguese.
" To keep off the heat of the sun travellers must be provided
with a large hat, which is made of split bamboos or straw, very
neatly and artfully twisted, in form of an extended sombrero, or
umbrella. It is tied under the chin with broad silk bands, lined
with cotton. It is transparent and exceedingly light, and yet, if
once wet, will let no rain come through. Not only the men wear
such hats upon their journeys, but also the women in cities and
villages, at all times, and in all weathers, and it gives them no dis-
agreeable look.
" The Japanese upon their journeys wear very wide breeches,
tapering towards the end, to cover the legs, and slit on both sides
to put in the ends of their large, long gowns, which would otherwise
be troublesome in walking or riding. Some wear a short coat or
cloak over the breeches. Some, instead of stockings, tie a broad
ribbon around their legs. Ordinary servants, chiefly Xorimon-men
and pike-bearers, wear no breeches, and, for expedition's sake, tuck
their gowns quite up to their belt, exposing their naked bodies,
which they say they have no reason at all to be ashamed of.
" The Japanese of both sexes never go abroad without fans, as
we Europeans seldom do without gloves.* Upon their journeys
* " Though it may sound extraordinary to talk of a soldier with a fan, yet
the use of that article is so general in Japan that no respectable man is to be
seen without one. These funs are a foot long, and sometimes serve for para-
are adorned with
sols ; at others instead of memorandum hooks. They
paintings of landscapes, birds, flowers, or ingenious sentences. The etiquette
to be observed in regard to the fan requires profound study and close atten-
tion." Titsinyh. " At feasts and ceremonies the fan is always stuck in tha
girdle, on the left hand, behind the sabre, with the handle downward." -
Thunbtrg.