Japan and the Japanese

264 JAPAN. A. D. 1C90 1C92.
him the authorship of the new arrangement for their trade), an
unjust and severe judge, but an agreeable, liberal and happy cour-
tier, with an income from his private estates of four thousand
seven hundred kokf. Juma Oka Tsussi/nu-no-Kami had formerly
been a high constable, and had been rewarded with his present
office for his services in clearing Jedo of thieves and pickpockets.
He had a private revenue of two thousand kokf. He is about
sixty, short, sincere, humble, and very charitable to the poor, but
with so much of his old profession about him, that he often orders
his domestics to be put to death without mercy for very trifling
faults. Mijuki Tononomo, also about sixty, is a man of great
generosity and many good qualities, with a private estate of four
thousand kokf of yearly revenue."
To watch the governors, an imperial officer, called Daiquan, was
appointed to reside at Nagasaki, and a like service was required of
all the chief lords of the island of Ximo.
To secure the harbor and town these same lords were bound to
march with their vassals at the first alarm. The princes of the
provinces of Figcn and Chichugen were obliged
to furnish alter-
nately, each for a year, the guard at the entrance of the harbor,
which was independent of the governors. The inhabitants of the
water-side streets of Nagasaki supplied the Fuualan or ship-guard
with its guard-boats to watch foreign ships in the harbor. There
was another fleet of boats employed ordinarily in whale-fishing, but
whose business it also was to see all foreign vessels well off the
coast, to guard against and to arrest smugglers, and to prevent
any foreign vessels from touching elsewhere than at Nagasaki.
Finally, there was the spy-guard, stationed on the top of the
neighboring mountains, to look out for the approach of foreign ves-
sels; and on one of these hills was a beacon, which, being fired,
served, in connection with other similar beacons, to telegraph alarms
to Jcdo.
Next in rank to the governors were four mayors or burgomasters,
whose office, like most others, had become hereditary, and two
deputy-mayors, principally for the affairs of the new town. They
would seem to have once been the actual chief magistrates, but
their authority had been greatly eclipsed by that of the imperial
governors. There were also four other officers annually appointed to