Japan and the Japanese
Japan and the Japanese Japan and the Japanese
CHAPTER XXVII. ENGELBERT KAMPFER. HIS VISIT TO JAPAN. DESIMA AXD ITS INHABIT- ANTS AS DESCRIBED BY HIM. A. D. 1GGO. ENGELBERT KAMPFEE was the first scientific and systematic observer who visited Japan. Of those who have since followed him, but one or two had either his zeal, his assiduity, or his qualifications, and it is to him that we remain indebted for no inconsiderable part of what we yet know of that country, especially of its natural history, and its social, religious and political institutions. Subsequent vis- itors, correcting him in some few particulars, have generally con- firmed him. The Japanese, according to the most recent observa- tions, appear to have little changed very since his time. Kiimpfer was born Sept., 1051, in the north-west of Germany, in the county of Lippe, at Lcmgow, a small town of which his father was minister. He was early destined for the profession of physic, and, after the best school education his father could give him, spent three years at the university of Cracow, in Poland, and four years more at that of Koningsburg, in Prussia. Thence he passed to Sweden, where, inspired with a desire of seeing foreign countries, he obtained the place of secretary to an embassy about to be sent to the king of Persia. That country he reached by way of Moscow, Astracan and the Caspian Sea, arriving at Ispahan in 1684. Dur- ing his residence there, he employed himself chiefly in researches into the natural history of the country ; and for the sake of con- tinuing those researches, when the embassy was the next year about to return home, he obtained, through the recommendation of the Swedish ambassador, the place of chief surgeon to the Dutch East India Company's fleet, then cruising in the Persian Gulf. "It agreed best with my inclination," so he says in the preface to his \vork on Japan, " to undertake a further journey, and I chose
ENGELBERT KAMPFER. 217 rather to lead the restless and troublesome life of a traveller, than by coming home to subject myself to a share in that train of calamities my native country was then involved in. Therefore, I took my leave of the ambassador and his retinue (who did me the honor to attend me a mile out of Ispahan) with a firm resolution to spend some years longer in seeing other eastern courts, countries and nations. I was never used to receive large supplies of money from home. 'T was by my own industry I had till then supported my- self, and the very same means maintained me afterwards, as long as I staid abroad, and enabled me to serve the Dutch East India Company, though in a less honorable employment. " This offspring of Japhet enjoys, more than any other European nation, the blessing of Noah to live in the tents of Shem, and to have Canaan for their servant. God hath so blessed their valor and conduct, that they have enlarged their trade, conquests and possessions, throughout Asia, to the very extremities of the East, and there hath never been wanting among them a succession of prudent and able men, who have promoted their interests and welfare to the utmost of their capacity. But to come to the point. It was by the gracious leave, and under the protection, of this honora- ble Company, that I have often obtained my end in the Indies, and have had the satisfaction at last to see the remote empire of Japan, and the court of its powerful monarch." Kiimpfer remained at Gamroon, on the Persian Gulf, for near three years, employing his leisure in scientific researches. Leaving that unhealthy station in June, 1688, he proceeded in the fleet along the coasts of Persia and India to Ceylon, and thence by Sumatra to Batavia, where he arrived in September, 1689. Having obtained the appointment of physician to the factory in Japan, he left Bata- via in May, 1690, and having touched at Siam, of which he has given an account in his book, on the 22d of September, about noon, he came in sight of the high mountainous country about Nagasaki. As soon as the land was seen, all on board were required, as the usage was, to give up their prayer-books and other books of divin- ity, as also all the European money they had about them, to the captain, who, having taken a memorandum of them, packed away all these surrendered articles in an old cask, to be hid away from the Japanese, but to be surrendered to the owners on leaving 19
- Page 173 and 174: JAPANESE DRAMA. 165 their favors, a
- Page 175 and 176: SARIS' JOURNEY TO COURT. 167 and ar
- Page 177 and 178: SARIS' VISIT TO JEDO. 169 knee, it
- Page 179 and 180: EMBASSY FROM THE PHILIPPINES. 171 T
- Page 181 and 182: RIVALKT OF THE DUTCH AND ENGLISH. 1
- Page 183 and 184: CHAPTER XXIII. ECCLESIASTICAL RETRO
- Page 185 and 186: XOGUX-SAMA. 17T estate, to recover
- Page 187 and 188: MARTYRDOMS. 179 Such, indeed, was t
- Page 189 and 190: CATHOLIC QUARRELS. 181 priests had
- Page 191 and 192: COLLISIONS OF THE DUTCH AND ENGLISH
- Page 193 and 194: ENGLISH ABANDON THE TRADE. The arra
- Page 195 and 196: SEVERITY OF THE PERSECUTION. 187 gr
- Page 197 and 198: FATHERS COLLADO AND SOTELO. 189 sat
- Page 199 and 200: REBELLION OF SIMABARA. 191 What it
- Page 201 and 202: CHAPTER XXV. POLICY OF THE DUTCH. A
- Page 203 and 204: HAGANAAR'S VISITS. 195 seek an aceo
- Page 205 and 206: PRODUCE AND INCOME. 197 nes, and ro
- Page 207 and 208: PRINCES AND NOBLES. 199 one half th
- Page 209 and 210: THE DUTCH SHUT UP IN DESIMA. 201 fr
- Page 211 and 212: VOYAGE OF THE BRESKENS AXD CASTRICO
- Page 213 and 214: EXTINCTION OF THE CATHOLIC FAITH. 2
- Page 215 and 216: FOREIGN TRADE. 207 They have a grea
- Page 217 and 218: EXPORT OF GOLD AND SILVER. 209 exha
- Page 219 and 220: A BUDDHIST MISSIONARY. 21l them (th
- Page 221 and 222: RESTRICTIONS OX THE DUTCH TRADE. 21
- Page 223: RESTRICTIONS ON THE CHINESE TRADE.
- Page 227 and 228: ' removal of the body ; KAMPFER LAN
- Page 229 and 230: KAMPFER'S MEANS OF INFORMATION. 221
- Page 231 and 232: DESCRIPTION OF DESIMA. 225 oned as
- Page 233 and 234: THE DUTCH AT DESIMA. 225 " Our ship
- Page 235 and 236: THE DUTCH AT DESIMA. 227 Up and whe
- Page 237 and 238: THE DUTCH AT DESIMA. 22& of their c
- Page 239 and 240: COKPORATION OF INTERPRETERS. 231 sh
- Page 241 and 242: THE OTTONA OF DESIMA. 238 petually
- Page 243 and 244: OTHER OFFICERS OF DESIMA. 235 and g
- Page 245 and 246: JAPANESE SERVANTS AT DESIMA. 237 al
- Page 247 and 248: JEALOUS VIGILANCE OVER THE DUTCH. 2
- Page 249 and 250: CHAPTER XXVIII. PARTICULAR STATEMEN
- Page 251 and 252: DUTCH TRADE. 24d inferior officers,
- Page 253 and 254: DUTCH TRADE. 245 but noi e from Spa
- Page 255 and 256: KAMBANQ OR PUBLIC SALE. 247 the inh
- Page 257 and 258: PROFITS OP THE DUTCH TRADE. 249 " T
- Page 259 and 260: DUTCH RETURN CARGOES. 251 refined c
- Page 261 and 262: DEPARTURE OF THE DUTCH SHIPS. 253 a
- Page 263 and 264: EXECUTION OF SMUGGLERS. 255 they pl
- Page 265 and 266: NAGASAKI. 25V Built along the shore
- Page 267 and 268: NAGASAKI. 259 " The handsomest buil
- Page 269 and 270: NAGASAKI. 261 neighboring coast yie
- Page 271 and 272: GOVERNORS OF NAGASAKI. 263 suit ann
- Page 273 and 274: STREET GOVERNMENT. 266 solicit the
ENGELBERT KAMPFER. 217<br />
ra<strong>the</strong>r to lead <strong>the</strong> restless <strong>and</strong> troublesome life of a traveller, than<br />
by coming home to subject myself to a share in that train of calamities<br />
my native country was <strong>the</strong>n involved in. Therefore, I took<br />
my leave of <strong>the</strong> ambassador <strong>and</strong> his retinue (who did me <strong>the</strong> honor<br />
to attend me a mile out of Ispahan) with a firm resolution to spend<br />
some years longer<br />
in seeing o<strong>the</strong>r eastern courts, countries <strong>and</strong><br />
nations. I was never used to receive large supplies of money from<br />
home. 'T was by my own industry I had till <strong>the</strong>n supported my-<br />
self, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> very same means maintained me afterwards, as long<br />
as I staid abroad, <strong>and</strong> enabled me to serve <strong>the</strong> Dutch East India<br />
Company, though in a less honorable employment.<br />
" This offspring of Japhet enjoys, more than any o<strong>the</strong>r European<br />
nation, <strong>the</strong> blessing of Noah to live in <strong>the</strong> tents of Shem, <strong>and</strong> to<br />
have Canaan for <strong>the</strong>ir servant. God hath so blessed <strong>the</strong>ir valor<br />
<strong>and</strong> conduct, that <strong>the</strong>y have enlarged <strong>the</strong>ir trade, conquests <strong>and</strong><br />
possessions, throughout Asia, to <strong>the</strong> very extremities of <strong>the</strong> East,<br />
<strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>re hath never been wanting among <strong>the</strong>m a succession of<br />
prudent <strong>and</strong> able men, who have promoted <strong>the</strong>ir interests <strong>and</strong> welfare<br />
to <strong>the</strong> utmost of <strong>the</strong>ir capacity. But to come to <strong>the</strong> point. It<br />
was by <strong>the</strong> gracious leave, <strong>and</strong> under <strong>the</strong> protection, of this honora-<br />
ble Company, that I have often obtained my end in <strong>the</strong> Indies, <strong>and</strong><br />
have had <strong>the</strong> satisfaction at last to see <strong>the</strong> remote empire of <strong>Japan</strong>,<br />
<strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> court of its powerful monarch."<br />
Kiimpfer remained at Gamroon, on <strong>the</strong> Persian Gulf, for near<br />
three years, employing his leisure in scientific researches. Leaving<br />
that unhealthy station in June, 1688, he proceeded in <strong>the</strong> fleet along<br />
<strong>the</strong> coasts of Persia <strong>and</strong> India to Ceylon, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>nce by Sumatra to<br />
Batavia, where he arrived in September, 1689. Having obtained<br />
<strong>the</strong> appointment of physician to <strong>the</strong> factory in <strong>Japan</strong>, he left Bata-<br />
via in May, 1690, <strong>and</strong> having touched at Siam, of which he has<br />
given an account in his book, on <strong>the</strong> 22d of September, about noon,<br />
he came in<br />
sight of <strong>the</strong> high mountainous country about Nagasaki.<br />
As soon as <strong>the</strong> l<strong>and</strong> was seen, all on board were required, as <strong>the</strong><br />
usage was, to give up <strong>the</strong>ir prayer-books <strong>and</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r books of divin-<br />
ity, as also all <strong>the</strong> European money <strong>the</strong>y had about <strong>the</strong>m, to <strong>the</strong><br />
captain, who, having taken a memor<strong>and</strong>um of <strong>the</strong>m, packed away<br />
all <strong>the</strong>se surrendered articles in an old cask, to be hid away from<br />
<strong>the</strong> <strong>Japan</strong>ese, but to be surrendered to <strong>the</strong> owners on leaving<br />
19