Japan and the Japanese
Japan and the Japanese Japan and the Japanese
192 JAPAN. A. D. 1G21 1C40. to go out of the country. That edict as given by Kiimpfer, was as follows : " No Japanese ship or boat whatever, nor any native of Japan, shall presume to go out of the country : whoso acts contrary to this shall die, and the ship with the crew and goods aboard shall be sequestered till further order. " All Japanese who return from abroad shall be put to death. Whoever discovers a priest shall have a reward of 400 to 500 shuels of silver, and for every Christian in proportion.* . " All persons who propagate the doctrine of the Catholics, or bear this scandalous name, shall be imprisoned in the Onibra, or common jau of the town. " The whole race of the Portuguese, with their mothers, nurses and whatever belongs to them, shall be banished to Macao. " Whoever presumes to bring a letter from abroad, or to return after he hath been banished, shall die with all his family ; also whoever presumes to intercede for him shall be put to death. No nobleman nor any soldier shall be suffered to purchase anything of a foreigner." The Portuguese ships of 1639 were sent back with a copy of this edict, without being suffered to discharge their cargos. The corporation of the city of Macao, greatly alarmed at the loss of a lucrative traffic, on which their prosperity mainly depended, sent deputies to solicit some modification of this edict. But the only reply made by the emperor was to cause these deputies themselves, with their attendants, to the number of sixty-one persons, to be seized and put to death, as violators of the very edict against which they had been sent to remonstrate. Thirteen only, of the lowest rank, were sent back to Macao, August, 1040, with this account of the fate of their company .t * A shuet of silver weighs about five ounces, so that the reward offered was from 2000 to $2500. t A narrative of this transaction was published at Rome, in 1643. A short but curious document, purporting to be a translation of a Japanese imperial edict, commanding the destruction of all Portuguese vessels attempting to approach the coasts of Japan, is given in Voyayes au JVuia, torn. iv. Ships of other nations were to be sert under a strong guard to Nagasaki. [See Appendix, Note I.]
CHAPTER XXV. POLICY OF THE DUTCH. AFFAIR OF NUYTS. HAGAXAAR'S VISITS TO JAPAN. CAROX'S ACCODXT OF JAPAN. IXCOME OF THE EMPEROR AND THE NOBLES. MILITARY FORCE. SOCIAL AXD POLITICAL POSITION OF THE NOBLES. JUSTICE. RELATION OF THE DUTCH TO THE PERSECUTION OF THE CATHOLICS. THE DUTCH REMOVED FROM FIRAXDO AXD COXFIXED IN DES1MA. ATTEMPTS OF THE ENGLISH, PORTUGUESE AND FRENCH, AT IN- TERCOURSE WITH JAPAN. . A. D. 162J 1707. FIXAL EXTINCTION OF THE CATHOLIC FAITIL THROUGHOUT the whole of the long and cruel persecution of the Catholics, the Dutch had striven by extreme subserviency to recommend themselves to the favor of the Japanese, in hopes of exclusively engrossing a trade which appears at this time to have been more extensive and more lucrative than at any former period. The Japanese, however, seem not to have been insensible to the advantages of competition ; and, so long as the Portuguese commerce continued, they extended to the vessels of that nation a certain protection against the Dutch, and even preference over them. The danger from Dutch cruisers appears to have caused the substi- tution, for the single great carac of Macao, of a number of smaller vessels ; nor were the Dutch, however urgent their solicitations, allowed to leave Firando till such a number of days after the de- parture of the Portuguese from Nagasaki as would prevent all danger of collision. Yet, however cringing the general policy of the Dutch East India Company, their trade, through the folly of a single individual, was near being exposed to a violent interruption. In the year 1626, Conrad Kramer, the head of the Dutch factory, was extremely well received on his visit to Jedo, and was allowed to be present at Miuko during the visit of the emperor to the Dairi an occasion which drew together an immense concourse, and which, according 17
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192 JAPAN. A. D. 1G21 1C40.<br />
to go out of <strong>the</strong> country. That edict as given by Kiimpfer, was<br />
as follows :<br />
" No <strong>Japan</strong>ese ship or boat whatever, nor any native of <strong>Japan</strong>, shall presume<br />
to go out of <strong>the</strong> country : whoso acts contrary to this shall die, <strong>and</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> ship with <strong>the</strong> crew <strong>and</strong> goods aboard shall be sequestered till fur<strong>the</strong>r<br />
order.<br />
" All <strong>Japan</strong>ese who return from abroad shall be put to death. Whoever<br />
discovers a priest shall have a reward of 400 to 500 shuels of silver, <strong>and</strong> for<br />
every Christian in proportion.*<br />
. " All persons who propagate <strong>the</strong> doctrine of <strong>the</strong> Catholics, or bear this<br />
sc<strong>and</strong>alous name, shall be imprisoned in <strong>the</strong> Onibra, or common jau of <strong>the</strong><br />
town.<br />
" The whole race of <strong>the</strong> Portuguese, with <strong>the</strong>ir mo<strong>the</strong>rs, nurses <strong>and</strong> whatever<br />
belongs to <strong>the</strong>m, shall be banished to Macao.<br />
" Whoever presumes to bring a letter from abroad, or to return after he<br />
hath been banished, shall die with all his family ; also whoever presumes to<br />
intercede for him shall be put to death. No nobleman nor any soldier shall<br />
be suffered to purchase anything of a foreigner."<br />
The Portuguese ships of 1639 were sent back with a copy of this<br />
edict, without being suffered to discharge <strong>the</strong>ir<br />
cargos. The corporation<br />
of <strong>the</strong> city of Macao, greatly alarmed at <strong>the</strong> loss of a lucrative<br />
traffic, on which <strong>the</strong>ir prosperity mainly depended, sent deputies to<br />
solicit some modification of this edict. But <strong>the</strong> only reply made<br />
by <strong>the</strong> emperor was to cause <strong>the</strong>se deputies <strong>the</strong>mselves, with <strong>the</strong>ir<br />
attendants, to <strong>the</strong> number of sixty-one persons, to be seized <strong>and</strong><br />
put to death, as violators of <strong>the</strong> very edict against which <strong>the</strong>y<br />
had been sent to remonstrate. Thirteen only, of <strong>the</strong> lowest rank,<br />
were sent back to Macao, August, 1040, with this account of <strong>the</strong><br />
fate of <strong>the</strong>ir company .t<br />
* A shuet of silver weighs about five ounces, so that <strong>the</strong> reward offered<br />
was from 2000 to $2500.<br />
t A narrative of this transaction was published at Rome, in 1643. A short<br />
but curious document, purporting to be a translation of a <strong>Japan</strong>ese imperial<br />
edict, comm<strong>and</strong>ing <strong>the</strong> destruction of all Portuguese vessels attempting to<br />
approach <strong>the</strong> coasts of <strong>Japan</strong>, is given in Voyayes au JVuia, torn. iv. Ships<br />
of o<strong>the</strong>r nations were to be sert under a strong guard to Nagasaki. [See<br />
Appendix, Note I.]