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Cothurnia limnoriae - NSCEP | US EPA - US Environmental ...

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Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Explanation<br />

Fertilization / Spawning<br />

Type<br />

Catadromous<br />

Fish that spend most of their lives in freshwater and migrate to<br />

saltwater to breed.<br />

Internal<br />

fertilization<br />

Copulation with both eggs and sperm internal.<br />

Fertilization<br />

External Eggs<br />

Female lays egg mass and male fertilizes externally.<br />

Freecast<br />

In animals, males and/or females discharge gametes directly into<br />

spawners<br />

the water column.<br />

Broadcast Both males and females discharge gametes into the water<br />

spawner column.<br />

Spermcast<br />

spawner<br />

Only male discharges gametes into the water column.<br />

Pollination In plants, fertilization of female floral structures by pollen.<br />

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