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Cothurnia limnoriae - NSCEP | US EPA - US Environmental ...

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Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Definition<br />

Boulder<br />

Substrates composed of particles >256 mm but not forming a single<br />

unbroken surface.<br />

Bedrock<br />

Unbroken rock. Includes both hard rocks and softer rocks, such as<br />

chalk.<br />

Hardpan<br />

Sand, silt, or clay particles that are slightly cemented to well cemented<br />

together to form a hard, and often flat, consolidated surface.<br />

Biogenic Substrate composed of the surface of living or dead organisms.<br />

Substrate primarily composed of living or dead corals. Coral broken<br />

Coral<br />

into silt, clay, sand, or cobble sized particles are classified as<br />

unconsolidated carbonate sediments.<br />

Substrate primarily composed of living or dead oyster shells. Shells<br />

Oyster<br />

broken into clay, silt, sand, or cobble sized particles are classified as<br />

unconsolidated carbonate sediments.<br />

Substrate primarily composed of living or dead mussel shells. Shells<br />

Mussel<br />

broken into clay, silt, sand, or cobble sized particles are classified as<br />

unconsolidated carbonate sediments.<br />

Worm reef<br />

Substrate provided by worms with hard tubes constructed of sand grains<br />

or calcium carbonate (e.g., Sabellariidae).<br />

Coralline algae Calcareous substrate provided by algae of the Order Corallinales.<br />

Kelp Substrate provided by the fronds and holdfasts of kelp.<br />

Rooted Aquatic<br />

Substrate provided by the leaves of rooted aquatic vegetation, including<br />

emergent vegetation.<br />

Mangrove Hard substrate provided by mangroves.<br />

Drift wood Natural drift wood.<br />

Other Other consolidated substrates not included in the list of biotic substrates.<br />

Artificial Substrate Hard substrates placed into estuarine or oceanic environments.<br />

Rip rap<br />

Hard substrate provided by rocks and concrete used in breakwalls,<br />

groins, jetties, and shoreline armoring.<br />

Piling<br />

Hard substrate provided by concrete and wood piling and piers to<br />

support docks, bridges, and other superstructures.<br />

Hulls & Ballast tanks<br />

Hard substrate on the exterior or interior of ships and boats, including<br />

derelict or decommissioned ships.<br />

Other Other artificial substrates not listed above.<br />

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