Cothurnia limnoriae - NSCEP | US EPA - US Environmental ...

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TABLE OF CONTENTS Disclaimer ....................................................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................................... ii List of Figures ............................................................................................................................ xxiii List of Tables ............................................................................................................................. xxiv Executive Summary .................................................................................................................... xxv Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Caveats ........................................................................................................................................ 2 Approach and Definitions ............................................................................................................ 3 Marine Biogeographic Schema and Geographic Scope of the Atlas .......................................... 3 Taxonomic Scope of the Atlas .................................................................................................... 4 Definitions for Species’ Invasion and Population Status............................................................ 4 Definitions for Species’ Population Status ................................................................................. 5 Taxonomy and “Also Known As” Alternative Names ............................................................... 6 Species Profiles - Summarizing Distributions and Natural History ........................................... 8 Results and Analysis ..................................................................................................................... 9 Taxonomic Patterns of Invasion ................................................................................................. 9 Spatial Patterns of Invasion ...................................................................................................... 10 Vectors of Introduction ............................................................................................................. 14 Maps of MEOW Regions............................................................................................................ 15 Graphs of Nonindigenous Species Distributions by Taxa and Region .................................. 38 Deciphering Species Information: Key to Abbreviations in Species Profiles ....................... 49 Tables ........................................................................................................................................... 51 Table Key to Species Profiles ................................................................................................... 51 Vectors ...................................................................................................................................... 54 Regimes .................................................................................................................................... 56 Ecosystems ................................................................................................................................ 57 Depth ......................................................................................................................................... 61 Substrate .................................................................................................................................... 62 Salinity ...................................................................................................................................... 65 Trophic Modes .......................................................................................................................... 66 Reproductive Strategies ............................................................................................................ 68 Early Development Mechanisms .............................................................................................. 70 Juvenile Development and Dispersal ........................................................................................ 70 Habitat Types ............................................................................................................................ 72 iv
FUNGI .......................................................................................................................................... 76 Ascomycota .............................................................................................................................. 76 Claviceps purpurea var. spartinae ........................................................................................................ 78 Cytospora rhizophorae .......................................................................................................................... 80 Etheirophora blepharospora ................................................................................................................. 82 CHROMISTA ............................................................................................................................. 84 Cercozoa .................................................................................................................................. 84 Bonamia ostreae .................................................................................................................................... 86 Haplosporidium nelsoni ......................................................................................................................... 88 Ciliophora (ciliates) ................................................................................................................. 90 Ancistrocoma pelseneeri ........................................................................................................................ 92 Ancistrum cyclidioides ........................................................................................................................... 94 Boveria teredinidi .................................................................................................................................. 96 Conidophrys pilisuctor .......................................................................................................................... 98 Cothurnia limnoriae ............................................................................................................................ 100 Eufolliculina lignicola ......................................................................................................................... 102 Lagenophrys cochinensis ..................................................................................................................... 104 Lobochona prorates ............................................................................................................................. 106 Mirofolliculina limnoriae .................................................................................................................... 108 Sphenophyra dosiniae .......................................................................................................................... 110 Foraminifera (forams) .......................................................................................................... 112 Haynesina germanica .......................................................................................................................... 114 Trochammina hadai ............................................................................................................................. 116 Ochrophyta ............................................................................................................................ 118 Class: Bacillariophyceae (diatoms) ............................................................................................ 118 Attheya armata ..................................................................................................................................... 120 Pseudo-nitzschia americana ................................................................................................................ 122 Class: Phaeophyceae (brown algae) .......................................................................................... 124 Ascophyllum nodosum ......................................................................................................................... 126 Cutleria multifida ................................................................................................................................. 128 Desmarestia ligulata ............................................................................................................................ 130 Dictyota flabellata ............................................................................................................................... 132 Elachista nigra ..................................................................................................................................... 134 Fucus cottonii ...................................................................................................................................... 136 Macrocystis pyrifera ............................................................................................................................ 138 Microspongium globosum .................................................................................................................... 140 Nemacystus decipiens .......................................................................................................................... 142 Pylaiella littoralis ................................................................................................................................ 144 Ralfsia bornetii .................................................................................................................................... 146 Saccharina japonica ............................................................................................................................ 148 Saccharina longissima ......................................................................................................................... 150 Sargassum horneri ............................................................................................................................... 152 Sargassum muticum ............................................................................................................................. 154 Striaria attenuata ................................................................................................................................. 156 v
Page 2 and 3: This page was intentionally left bl
Page 4 and 5: DISCLAIMER: The information in this
Page 8 and 9: Undaria pinnatifida ...............
Page 10 and 11: Diadumene leucolena ...............
Page 12 and 13: Hyboscolex longiseta ..............
Page 14 and 15: Watersipora subtorquata ...........
Page 16 and 17: Littoridinops monroensis ..........
Page 18 and 19: Halophiloscia couchii .............
Page 20 and 21: Amphibalanus amphitrite ...........
Page 22 and 23: Botrylloides diegensis ............
Page 24 and 25: Salmo trutta ......................
Page 26 and 27: Figure 45: Mollusca-Gastropoda: Num
Page 28 and 29: INTRODUCTION Overview Marine and es
Page 30 and 31: APPROACH AND DEFINITIONS Marine Bio
Page 32 and 33: Unknown: A species was classified a
Page 34 and 35: new species. In these cases, the pa
Page 36 and 37: accumulate in rocky intertidal tide
Page 38 and 39: the second most invaded. The Northe
Page 40 and 41: history of the species but not whet
Page 42 and 43: MAPS OF MEOW REGIONS Figure 1: Map
Page 44 and 45: Figure 3: Maps in geographic projec
Page 46 and 47: Figure 5: Map of the Northwest Paci
Page 48 and 49: Figure 7: Map of the Eastern Indo-P
Page 50 and 51: Figure 9: Map of the Tropical Easte
Page 52 and 53: Figure 11: Map of the Magellanic re
Page 54 and 55: Figure 13: Map of the West Tropical
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Figure 15: Map of the Northeast Atl
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Figure 17: Map of the Ponto-Caspian
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Figure 19: Map of the Southern Afri
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Figure 21: Map of the Southern Aust
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Figure 23: Alternate map in polar s
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250 200 150 100 50 0 N = 747 10 55
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25 20 15 10 2 6 Figure 30: Phylum B
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6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 0 Figure 38: Cnidar
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140 120 100 Figure 46: Phylum Arthr
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Figure 54: Arthropoda-Insecta: Numb
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DECIPHERING SPECIES INFORMATION: KE
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TABLES Table Key to Species Profile
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Attribute / Level in Species Profil
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Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Definition
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Ecosystems Table 4: Definitions for
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Major Habitat Type: Level 1 Ecosyst
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Depth Table 5: Definitions for the
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Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Definition
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Salinity Table 7: Definitions for t
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Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Exp
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Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Exp
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Juvenile Development/Dispersal Leve
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Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Def
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Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Def
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Claviceps purpurea var. spartinae P
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Cytospora rhizophorae Print Date: 9
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Etheirophora blepharospora Print Da
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Bonamia ostreae Print Date: 9/9/201
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Haplosporidium nelsoni Print Date:
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Ancistrocoma pelseneeri Print Date:
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Ancistrum cyclidioides Print Date:
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Boveria teredinidi Print Date: 9/9/
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Conidophrys pilisuctor Print Date:
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Cothurnia limnoriae Print Date: 9/9
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Eufolliculina lignicola Print Date:
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Lagenophrys cochinensis Print Date:
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Lobochona prorates Print Date: 9/9/
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Mirofolliculina limnoriae Print Dat
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Sphenophyra dosiniae Print Date: 9/
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Haynesina germanica Print Date: 9/9
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Trochammina hadai Print Date: 9/9/2
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Attheya armata Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Pseudo-nitzschia americana Print Da
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Ascophyllum nodosum Print Date: 9/9
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Cutleria multifida Print Date: 9/9/
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Desmarestia ligulata Print Date: 9/
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Dictyota flabellata Print Date: 9/9
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Elachista nigra Print Date: 9/9/201
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Fucus cottonii Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Macrocystis pyrifera Print Date: 9/
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Microspongium globosum Print Date:
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Nemacystus decipiens Print Date: 9/
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Pylaiella littoralis Print Date: 9/
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Ralfsia bornetii Print Date: 9/9/20
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Saccharina japonica Print Date: 9/9
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Saccharina longissima Print Date: 9
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Sargassum horneri Print Date: 9/9/2
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Sargassum muticum Print Date: 9/9/2
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Striaria attenuata Print Date: 9/9/
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Undaria pinnatifida Print Date: 9/9
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Cephaloidophora communis Print Date
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Alexandrium margalefi Print Date: 9
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Alexandrium tamutum Print Date: 9/9
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Dinophysis caudata Print Date: 9/9/
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Heterocapsa circularisquama Print D
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Peridiniopsis penardiforme Print Da
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Perkinsus marinus Print Date: 9/9/2
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Acanthophora spicifera Print Date:
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Aglaothamnion tenuissimum Print Dat
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Asparagopsis armata Print Date: 9/9
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Asparagopsis taxiformis Print Date:
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Bonnemaisonia hamifera Print Date:
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Callithamnion corymbosum Print Date
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Ceramium cimbricum Print Date: 9/9/
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Ceramium giacconei Print Date: 9/9/
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Ceramium kondoi Print Date: 9/9/201
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Ceramium sinicola Print Date: 9/9/2
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Chroodactylon ornatum Print Date: 9
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Corynomorpha prismatica Print Date:
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Dasya sessilis Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Eucheuma denticulatum Print Date: 9
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Gelidium vagum Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Gracilaria salicornia Print Date: 9
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Gracilaria tikvahiae Print Date: 9/
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Gracilaria vermiculophylla Print Da
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Grateloupia lanceolata Print Date:
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Grateloupia turuturu Print Date: 9/
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Hypnea musciformis Print Date: 9/9/
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Kappaphycus alvarezii Print Date: 9
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Kappaphycus striatus Print Date: 9/
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Lomentaria hakodatensis Print Date:
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Neosiphonia harveyi Print Date: 9/9
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Polysiphonia brodiei Print Date: 9/
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Polysiphonia denudata Print Date: 9
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Avrainvillea amadelpha Print Date:
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Bryopsis sp. (Cohen and Carlton, 19
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Caulerpa taxifolia Print Date: 9/9/
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Codium fragile fragile Print Date:
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Udotea argentea Print Date: 9/9/201
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Ulva californica Print Date: 9/9/20
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Ulva expansa Print Date: 9/9/2012 E
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Ulva lactuca Print Date: 9/9/2012 E
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Ulva pertusa Print Date: 9/9/2012 E
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Ulva rigida Print Date: 9/9/2012 Es
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Ammophila arenaria Print Date: 9/9/
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Bruguiera sexangula Print Date: 9/9
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Conocarpus erectus Print Date: 9/9/
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Halophila decipiens Print Date: 9/9
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Limosella australis Print Date: 9/9
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Rhizophora mangle Print Date: 9/9/2
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Spartina alterniflora Print Date: 9
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Spartina anglica Print Date: 9/9/20
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Spartina densiflora Print Date: 9/9
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Spartina patens Print Date: 9/9/201
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Zostera japonica Print Date: 9/9/20
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Chalinula loosanoffi Print Date: 9/
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Clathria prolifera Print Date: 9/9/
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Cliona thoosina Print Date: 9/9/201
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Gelliodes fibrosa Print Date: 9/9/2
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Halichondria bowerbanki Print Date:
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Halichondria coerulea Print Date: 9
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Halichondria melanodocia Print Date
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Haliclona caerulea Print Date: 9/9/
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Monanchora sp. (Carlton and Eldredg
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Mycale cecilia Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Mycale grandis Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Mycale parishi Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Prosuberites sp. (Hartman, 1975) Pr
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Suberites aurantiacus Print Date: 9
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Aiptasia cf. insignis Print Date: 9
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Aiptasiomorpha minima Print Date: 9
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Bunodeopsis sp. A (Engle and Richar
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Carijoa riisei Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Culicia rachelfitzhardingeae Print
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Diadumene cincta Print Date: 9/9/20
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Diadumene franciscana Print Date: 9
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Diadumene leucolena Print Date: 9/9
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Diadumene lineata Print Date: 9/9/2
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Nematostella vectensis Print Date:
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Synandwakia hozawai Print Date: 9/9
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Copula sivickisi Print Date: 9/9/20
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Amphinema sp. (Rees, 2000) Print Da
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Bimeria vestita Print Date: 9/9/201
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Blackfordia virginica Print Date: 9
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Bougainvillia muscus Print Date: 9/
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Cladonema pacificum Print Date: 9/9
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Cladonema radiatum Print Date: 9/9/
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Clava multicornis Print Date: 9/9/2
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Clytia hemisphaerica Print Date: 9/
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Cordylophora caspia Print Date: 9/9
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Corymorpha sp. (Cohen and Carlton,
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Garveia franciscana Print Date: 9/9
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Garveia sp. (Carlton and Eldredge,
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Gonothyraea loveni Print Date: 9/9/
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Laomedea calceolifera Print Date: 9
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Laomedea flexuosa Print Date: 9/9/2
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Maeotias marginata Print Date: 9/9/
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Moerisia sp. (Rees and Gershwin, 20
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Obelia bidentata Print Date: 9/9/20
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Obelia dichotoma Cmplx Print Date:
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Pennaria disticha Print Date: 9/9/2
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Pinauay crocea Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Podocorynoides minima Print Date: 9
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Thuiaria thuiarioides Print Date: 9
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Turritopsis nutricula Cmplx Print D
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Anomalorhiza shawi Print Date: 9/9/
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Aurelia sp. (Carlton and Eldredge,
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Aurelia sp. 1 (Dawson et al., 2005)
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Cassiopea andromeda Print Date: 9/9
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Cassiopea sp. 3 (Holland et al., 20
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Phyllorhiza punctata Print Date: 9/
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Vallicula multiformis Print Date: 9
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Camallanus cotti Print Date: 9/9/20
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Ascocotyle tenuicollis Print Date:
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Bothriocephalus acheilognathi Print
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Cercaria batillariae Print Date: 9/
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Gyrodactylus anguillae Print Date:
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Khawia iowensis Print Date: 9/9/201
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Koinostylochus ostreophagus Print D
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Neobenedenia melleni Print Date: 9/
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Neoheterobothrium hirame Print Date
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Salsuginus seculus Print Date: 9/9/
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Stylochoplana limnoriae Print Date:
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Taenioplana teredini Print Date: 9/
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Chaetogaster diaphanus Print Date:
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Limnodriloides monothecus Print Dat
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Monopylephorus evertus Print Date:
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Myzobdella lugubris Print Date: 9/9
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Paranais frici Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Tubificoides brownae Print Date: 9/
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Tubificoides diazi Print Date: 9/9/
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Tubificoides wasselli Print Date: 9
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Alitta succinea Print Date: 9/9/201
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Amaeana sp. (Cohen et al., 2005) Pr
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Amblyosyllis speciosa Print Date: 9
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Amphiglena mediterranea Print Date:
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Axiothella quadrimaculata Print Dat
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Bispira sp. A (Cohen et al., 2002)
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Boccardiella hamata Print Date: 9/9
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Boccardiella ligerica Print Date: 9
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Branchiomma bairdi Print Date: 9/9/
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Branchiomma japonica Print Date: 9/
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Brevicirrosyllis weismanni Print Da
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Caulleriella acicula Print Date: 9/
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Chaetopterus variopedatus Cmplx Pri
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Clymenella torquata Print Date: 9/9
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Crucigera websteri Print Date: 9/9/
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Demonax sp. A (Cohen et al., 2002)
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Dipolydora commensalis Print Date:
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Dipolydora normalis Print Date: 9/9
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Eumida sanguinea Print Date: 9/9/20
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Eusyllis japonica Print Date: 9/9/2
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Exogone longicornis Print Date: 9/9
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Ficopomatus enigmaticus Print Date:
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Ficopomatus miamiensis Print Date:
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Geminosyllis ohma Print Date: 9/9/2
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Hesionura australiensis Print Date:
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Heteromastus filiformis Cmplx Print
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Hobsonia florida Print Date: 9/9/20
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Hyboscolex longiseta Print Date: 9/
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Hydroides brachyacanthus Print Date
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Hydroides cruciger Print Date: 9/9/
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Hydroides dianthus Print Date: 9/9/
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Hydroides diramphus Print Date: 9/9
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Hydroides elegans Print Date: 9/9/2
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Hydroides ezoensis Print Date: 9/9/
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Hydroides norvegicus Print Date: 9/
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Janua pagenstecheri Print Date: 9/9
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Kuwaita heteropoda Print Date: 9/9/
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Laonome sp. SF1 Norris (CANOD, 2009
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Linopherus microcephala Print Date:
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Magelona capensis Print Date: 9/9/2
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Manayunkia aestuarina Print Date: 9
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Marenzelleria viridis Print Date: 9
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Marphysa conferta Print Date: 9/9/2
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Microspio granulata Print Date: 9/9
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Myrianida pachycera Print Date: 9/9
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Neanthes arenaceodentata Print Date
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Neoamphitrite sp. A (Cohen et al.,
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Neodexiospira brasiliensis Print Da
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Nicolea sp. A (Cohen et al., 2002)
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Nicolea zostericola Print Date: 9/9
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Ophryotrocha adherens Print Date: 9
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Ophryotrocha labronica pacifica Pri
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Perinereis aibuhitensis Print Date:
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Perkinsyllis spinisetosa Print Date
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Pileolaria militaris Print Date: 9/
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Plakosyllis brevipes Print Date: 9/
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Polydora cornuta Print Date: 9/9/20
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Polydora limicola Print Date: 9/9/2
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Polydora nuchalis Print Date: 9/9/2
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Polydora websteri Print Date: 9/9/2
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Procerastea nematodes Print Date: 9
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Protodorvillea biarticulata Print D
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Protodorvillea egena Print Date: 9/
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Protodriloides chaetifer Print Date
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Pseudopolydora antennata Print Date
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Pseudopolydora bassarginensis Print
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Pseudopotamilla occelata Print Date
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Pseudovermilia occidentalis Print D
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Sabaco elongatus Print Date: 9/9/20
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Sabellastarte spectabilis Print Dat
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Salmacina tribranchiata Print Date:
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Salvatoria mediodentata Print Date:
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Scolelepis victoriensis Print Date:
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Scyphoproctus djiboutiensis Print D
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Serpula watsoni Print Date: 9/9/201
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Sphaerosyllis riseri Print Date: 9/
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Spio blakei Print Date: 9/9/2012 Es
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Spirobranchus kraussii Print Date:
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Streblospio benedicti Cmplx Print D
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Syllides bansei Print Date: 9/9/201
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Typosyllis nipponica Print Date: 9/
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Aetea anguina Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Aetea truncata Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Aeverrillia armata Print Date: 9/9/
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Amathia convoluta Print Date: 9/9/2
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Amathia distans Print Date: 9/9/201
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Anguinella palmata Print Date: 9/9/
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Aspidelectra cf. melolontha Print D
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Bowerbankia gracilis Cmplx Print Da
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Bowerbankia imbricata Print Date: 9
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Bugula californica Print Date: 9/9/
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Bugula dentata Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Bugula flabellata Print Date: 9/9/2
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Bugula fulva Print Date: 9/9/2012 E
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Bugula minima Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Bugula neritina Cmplx Print Date: 9
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Bugula sp. 1 (Cohen et al., 1998) P
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Bugula sp. 2 (Cohen et al., 1998) P
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Bugula stolonifera Print Date: 9/9/
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Caberea boryi Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Caulibugula caliculata Print Date:
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Caulibugula dendrograpta Print Date
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Conopeum seurati Print Date: 9/9/20
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Conopeum tenuissimum Print Date: 9/
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Cryptosula pallasiana Print Date: 9
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Electra tenella Print Date: 9/9/201
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Escharoides excavata Print Date: 9/
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Hippopodina tahitiensis Print Date:
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Membranipora chesapeakensis Print D
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Membraniporopsis tubigerum Print Da
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Nolella stipata Print Date: 9/9/201
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Savignyella lafontii Print Date: 9/
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Schizoporella errata Print Date: 9/
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Schizoporella japonica Print Date:
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Schizoporella sp. (Carlton and Eldr
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Schizoporella unicornis Print Date:
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Synnotum aegyptiacum Print Date: 9/
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Triticella sp. B (Hewitt, 1993) Pri
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Trypostega venusta Print Date: 9/9/
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Victorella pavida Print Date: 9/9/2
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Watersipora arcuata Print Date: 9/9
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Watersipora edmondsoni Print Date:
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Watersipora sp. (Mackie et al., 200
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Watersipora subtorquata Print Date:
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Barentsia benedeni Print Date: 9/9/
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Barentsia sp. (Carlton and Eldredge
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Abra sp. A (Coles et al., 1997) Pri
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Anomia nobilis Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Argopecten irradians Print Date: 9/
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Bankia bipalmulata Print Date: 9/9/
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Chama fibula Print Date: 9/9/2012 E
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Chama lazarus Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Chama macerophylla Print Date: 9/9/
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Chama pacifica Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Corbicula fluminea Print Date: 9/9/
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Corbula amurensis Print Date: 9/9/2
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Crassostrea gigas Print Date: 9/9/2
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Crassostrea virginica Print Date: 9
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Gemma gemma Print Date: 9/9/2012 Es
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Geukensia demissa Print Date: 9/9/2
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Hiatella arctica Print Date: 9/9/20
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Laternula marilina Print Date: 9/9/
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Limnoperna fortunei Print Date: 9/9
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Limnoperna securis Print Date: 9/9/
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Lioconcha fastigiata Print Date: 9/
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Lyrodus affinis Print Date: 9/9/201
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Lyrodus pedicellatus Print Date: 9/
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Lyrodus takanoshimensis Print Date:
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Macoma petalum Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Martesia striata Print Date: 9/9/20
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Mercenaria mercenaria Print Date: 9
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Meretrix petechialis Print Date: 9/
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Musculista senhousia Print Date: 9/
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Mya arenaria Print Date: 9/29/2012
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Mytilopsis leucophaeata Print Date:
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Mytilopsis sallei Print Date: 9/9/2
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Mytilus galloprovincialis Print Dat
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Neotrapezium liratum Print Date: 9/
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Nuttallia obscurata Print Date: 9/9
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Ostrea edulis Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Ostrea lurida Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Panopea generosa Print Date: 9/9/20
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Patinopecten yessoensis Print Date:
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Pecten maximus Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Perna viridis Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Petricola lithophaga Print Date: 9/
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Petricolaria pholadiformis Print Da
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Phacosoma gibba Print Date: 9/9/201
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Saccostrea cucullata Print Date: 9/
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Sphenia coreanica Print Date: 9/9/2
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Spisula solidissima Print Date: 9/9
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Teredo bartschi Print Date: 9/9/201
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Teredo clappi Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Teredo fulleri Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Teredo furcifera Print Date: 9/9/20
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Teredo navalis Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Theora lubrica Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Alderia modesta Print Date: 9/9/201
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Amphithalamus inclusus Print Date:
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Assiminea parasitologica Print Date
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Babakina festiva Print Date: 9/9/20
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Batillaria attramentaria Print Date
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Boonea cincta Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Bostrycapulus calyptraeiformis Prin
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Busycotypus canaliculatus Print Dat
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Caloria indica Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Catriona rickettsi Print Date: 9/9/
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Cecina manchurica Print Date: 9/9/2
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Chrysallida trachis Print Date: 9/9
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Crepidula convexa Print Date: 9/9/2
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Crepidula fornicata Print Date: 9/9
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Crepidula onyx Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Crepidula plana Print Date: 9/9/201
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Crucibulum spinosum Print Date: 9/9
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Cuthona columbiana Print Date: 9/9/
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Cuthona perca Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Diodora rueppellii Print Date: 9/9/
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Evalea cf. americana Print Date: 9/
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Folinella navisa Print Date: 9/9/20
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Haliotis fulgens Print Date: 9/9/20
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Haliotis iris Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Haliotis kamtschatkana Print Date:
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Haliotis laevigata Print Date: 9/9/
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Haliotis rufescens Print Date: 9/9/
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Haliotis tuberculata Print Date: 9/
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Haminoea japonica Print Date: 9/9/2
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Ilyanassa obsoleta Print Date: 9/9/
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Iolaea eucosmia Print Date: 9/9/201
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Laguncula pulchella Print Date: 9/9
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Littoridinops monroensis Print Date
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Littorina littorea Print Date: 9/9/
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Littorina saxatilis Print Date: 9/9
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Melanoides tuberculata Print Date:
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Myosotella myosotis Print Date: 9/9
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Nassarius fraterculus Print Date: 9
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Nassarius sinarus Print Date: 9/9/2
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Ocenebra inornata Print Date: 9/9/2
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Odetta bisuturalis Print Date: 9/9/
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Okenia eolida Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Okenia pellucida Print Date: 9/9/20
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Peristichia pedroana Print Date: 9/
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Philine auriformis Print Date: 9/9/
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Philine orientalis Print Date: 9/29
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Phyllodesmium poindimiei Print Date
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Potamopyrgus antipodarum Print Date
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Pyrgophorus coronatus Print Date: 9
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Sakuraeolis enosimensis Print Date:
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Stenothyra sp. (Tamaki et al., 2002
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Tarebia granifera Print Date: 9/9/2
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Tenellia adspersa Print Date: 9/9/2
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Thylaeodus sp. (Carlton and Eldredg
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Umbonium thomasi Print Date: 9/9/20
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Urosalpinx cinerea Print Date: 9/9/
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Vermetus alii Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Nebalia sp. (Cohen and Carlton, 199
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Ampelisca abdita Print Date: 9/9/20
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Ampithoe lacertosa Print Date: 9/9/
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Ampithoe longimana Print Date: 9/9/
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Ampithoe sp. (Cohen and Carlton, 19
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Ampithoe valida Print Date: 9/9/201
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Aoroides secundus Print Date: 9/9/2
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Caprella danilevskii Print Date: 9/
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Caprella drepanochir Print Date: 9/
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Caprella equilibra Print Date: 9/9/
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Caprella mutica Print Date: 9/9/201
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Caprella penantis Print Date: 9/9/2
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Caprella scaura Print Date: 9/9/201
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Caprella simia Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Centromedon pumilus Print Date: 9/9
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Cheiriphotis megacheles Print Date:
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Chelura terebrans Print Date: 9/9/2
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Corophium alienense Print Date: 9/9
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Corophium heteroceratum Print Date:
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Elasmopus rapax Print Date: 9/9/201
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Eochelidium sp. A (Chapman, 2007) P
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Ericthonius brasiliensis Print Date
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Gammarus daiberi Print Date: 9/9/20
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Gammarus mucronatus Print Date: 9/9
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Grandidierella bispinosa Print Date
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Grandidierella japonica Print Date:
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Incisocalliope derzhavini Print Dat
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Jassa falcata Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Jassa marmorata Print Date: 9/9/201
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Jassa slatteryi Print Date: 9/9/201
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Laticorophium baconi Print Date: 9/
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Leucothoe micronesiae Print Date: 9
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Leucothoe spinicarpa Cmplx Print Da
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Liljeborgia sp. (Cohen et al., 2002
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Melita nitida Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Melita rylovae Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Metopella sp. (Cohen et al., 2002)
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Microdeutopus gryllotalpa Print Dat
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Microjassa sp. (deRivera et al., 20
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Monocorophium acherusicum Print Dat
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Monocorophium insidiosum Print Date
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Monocorophium uenoi Print Date: 9/9
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Paracaprella pusilla Print Date: 9/
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Paracorophium sp. (Chapman, 2007) P
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Paradexamine sp. (Chapman, 2007) Pr
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Paraleucothoe sp. (Carlton and Eldr
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Podocerus brasiliensis Print Date:
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Stenothoe gallensis Print Date: 9/9
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Stenothoe valida Print Date: 9/9/20
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Transorchestia enigmatica Print Dat
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Tropichelura insulae Print Date: 9/
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Nannastacus sp. (Carlton and Eldred
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Nippoleucon hinumensis Print Date:
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Scherocumella sp. (Carlton and Eldr
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Alloniscus oahuensis Print Date: 9/
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Armadilloniscus ellipticus Print Da
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Boreosignum wilsoni Print Date: 9/9
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Buchnerillo sp. (Carlton and Eldred
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Caecijaera horvathi Print Date: 9/9
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Dynoides dentisinus Print Date: 9/9
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Eurylana arcuata Print Date: 9/9/20
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Exosphaeroma sp. (Carlton and Eldre
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Gnorimosphaeroma rayi Print Date: 9
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Halophiloscia couchii Print Date: 9
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Iais californica Print Date: 9/9/20
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Ligia exotica Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Limnoria quadripunctata Print Date:
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Limnoria tripunctata Print Date: 9/
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Littorophiloscia culebrae Print Dat
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Mesanthura sp. (Carlton and Eldredg
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Munna sp. A (Cohen and Carlton, 199
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Niambia capensis Print Date: 9/9/20
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Olibrinus truncatus Print Date: 9/9
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Orthione griffenis Print Date: 9/9/
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Paracerceis sculpta Print Date: 9/9
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Paradella dianae Print Date: 9/9/20
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Paralimnoria andrewsi Print Date: 9
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Paranthura japonica Print Date: 9/9
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Pistorius bidens Print Date: 9/9/20
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Platyarthrus aiasensis Print Date:
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Porcellio dilatatus Print Date: 9/9
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Porcellio laevis Print Date: 9/9/20
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Porcellio lamellatus Print Date: 9/
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Porcellio scaber Print Date: 9/9/20
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Pseudosphaeroma sp. (Bruce and Wetz
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Sphaeroma quoianum Print Date: 9/9/
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Sphaeroma walkeri Print Date: 9/9/2
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Synidotea laevidorsalis Print Date:
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Deltamysis holmquistae Print Date:
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Holmesimysis costata Print Date: 9/
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Hyperacanthomysis longirostris Prin
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Neomysis japonica Print Date: 9/9/2
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Orientomysis aspera Print Date: 9/9
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Orientomysis hwanhaiensis Print Dat
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Apseudes sp. (Carlton and Eldredge,
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Parapseudes pedispinis Print Date:
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Sinelobus stanfordi Cmplx Print Dat
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Acantholobulus pacificus Print Date
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Callinectes sapidus Print Date: 9/9
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Carcinus aestuarii Print Date: 9/9/
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Carcinus maenas Print Date: 10/2/20
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Deiratonotus cristatum Print Date:
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Eriocheir sinensis Print Date: 9/9/
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Exopalaemon carinicauda Print Date:
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Fenneropenaeus chinensis Print Date
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Fenneropenaeus merguiensis Print Da
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Glabropilumnus seminudus Print Date
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Homarus americanus Print Date: 9/9/
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Homarus gammarus Print Date: 9/9/20
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Hyastenus spinosus Print Date: 9/9/
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Litopenaeus stylirostris Print Date
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Litopenaeus vannamei Print Date: 9/
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Macrobrachium lar Print Date: 9/9/2
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Macrobrachium rosenbergii Print Dat
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Marsupenaeus japonicus Print Date:
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Metacarcinus magister Print Date: 9
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Metadromia wilsoni Print Date: 9/9/
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Metopograpsus oceanicus Print Date:
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Nanosesarma minutum Print Date: 9/9
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Pachygrapsus fakaravensis Print Dat
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Palaemon macrodactylus Print Date:
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Panopeus lacustris Print Date: 9/9/
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Pilumnus oahuensis Print Date: 9/9/
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Pyromaia tuberculata Print Date: 9/
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Rhithropanopeus harrisii Print Date
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Scylla serrata Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Gonodactylaceus falcatus Print Date
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Acartiella sinensis Print Date: 9/9
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Caligus sclerotinosus Print Date: 9
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Enhydrosoma lacunae Print Date: 9/9
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Eurytemora affinis Cmplx Print Date
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Harpacticella paradoxa Print Date:
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Limnoithona sinensis Print Date: 9/
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Limnoithona tetraspina Print Date:
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Mytilicola orientalis Print Date: 9
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Neotachidius triangularis Print Dat
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Oithona davisae Print Date: 9/9/201
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Pachypygus gibber Print Date: 9/9/2
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Psammopsyllus stri Print Date: 9/9/
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Pseudodiaptomus forbesi Print Date:
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Pseudodiaptomus inopinus Print Date
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Pseudodiaptomus marinus Print Date:
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Pseudomyicola spinosus Print Date:
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Sarsamphiascus parvus Print Date: 9
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Sinocalanus doerrii Print Date: 9/9
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Stephos pacificus Print Date: 9/9/2
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Stephos sp. (Ruiz et al. 2000) Prin
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Teredicola typica Print Date: 9/9/2
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Tortanus dextrilobatus Print Date:
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Amphibalanus amphitrite Print Date:
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Amphibalanus eburneus Print Date: 9
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Amphibalanus improvisus Print Date:
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Amphibalanus reticulatus Print Date
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Amphibalanus subalbidus Print Date:
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Amphibalanus variegatus Print Date:
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Amphibalanus venustus Print Date: 9
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Amphibalanus zhujiangensis Print Da
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Balanus glandula Print Date: 9/9/20
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Balanus perforatus Print Date: 9/9/
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Chthamalus proteus Print Date: 9/9/
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Megabalanus coccopoma Print Date: 9
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Megabalanus tintinnabulum Print Dat
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Megabalanus zebra Print Date: 9/9/2
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Aspidoconcha limnoriae Print Date:
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Eusarsiella zostericola Print Date:
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Redekea californica Print Date: 9/9
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Spinileberis quadriaculeata Print D
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Ammothella pacifica Print Date: 9/9
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Anoplodactylus arescus Print Date:
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Anoplodactylus californicus Print D
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Anoplodactylus digitatus Print Date
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Anoplodactylus erectus Print Date:
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Anoplodactylus marshallensis Print
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Anoplodactylus pycnosoma Print Date
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Endeis biseriata Print Date: 9/9/20
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Endeis nodosa Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Endeis procera Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Pigrogromitus timsanus Print Date:
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Tanystylum rehderi Print Date: 9/9/
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Anisolabis maritima Print Date: 9/9
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Atrichopogon jacobsoni Print Date:
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Atrichopogon sp. (Carlton & Eldredg
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Brachydeutera ibari Print Date: 9/9
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Canaceoides angulatus Print Date: 9
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Cercyon fimbriatum Print Date: 9/9/
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Ceropsilopa coquilletti Print Date:
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Clasiopella uncinata Print Date: 9/
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Cricotopus bicinctus Print Date: 9/
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Crocothemis servilia Print Date: 9/
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Cyclodinus mundulus Print Date: 9/9
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Dolichopus exsul Print Date: 9/9/20
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Donaceus nigronotatus Print Date: 9
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Enallagma civile Print Date: 9/9/20
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Enochrus sayi Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Ephydra gracilis Print Date: 9/9/20
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Ephydra millbrae Print Date: 9/9/20
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Goeldichironomus holoprasinus Print
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Hecamede granifera Print Date: 9/9/
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Hostis guamensis Print Date: 9/9/20
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Ischnura ramburii Print Date: 9/9/2
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Kleidotoma bryani Print Date: 9/9/2
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Medetera grisescens Print Date: 9/9
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Mesovelia amoena Print Date: 9/9/20
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Mesovelia mulsanti Print Date: 9/9/
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Micracanthia humilis Print Date: 9/
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Mosillus tibialis Print Date: 9/9/2
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Orasiopa mera Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Parathroscinus murphyi Print Date:
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Paratissa pollinosa Print Date: 9/9
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Placopsidella marquesana Print Date
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Procanace williamsi Print Date: 9/9
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Prokelisia marginata Print Date: 9/
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Pselactus spadix Print Date: 9/9/20
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Psilopa girschneri Print Date: 9/9/
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Psychoda salicornia Print Date: 9/9
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Scatella stagnalis Print Date: 9/9/
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Ahyong, S.T. 2001. Revision of the
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Aquenal Pty. Ltd. 2002. Final repor
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Ayres, P. 1991. Introduced Pacific
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Beasley, C.R., Fernandes, C.M., Gom
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Blake, J.A., Hecker, B., Grassle, J
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Busby, M.S., Barnhart, R.A., and Pe
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Carlton, J.T. 1987. Patterns of tra
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Castanos, C., Pascual, M., and Cama
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Chen, R., Watanabe, S., and Yokota,
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Wastewater Department, Environmenta
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Museum Technical Report. No. 15. Be
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Cragg, S.M., Jumel M.-C., Al-Horani
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Daly, H.V. 2007a. Orders of interti
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Farrapeira, C.M.R. 2010b. Shallow w
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Foster, N. and Feder, H.M. 2000a. B
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Ho, J. 2005. Symbiotic copepods as
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Jeong S.J., Yu O.H., and Suh H.L. 2
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Lewis, J.E. and Norris, J.N. 1987.
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Lowry, J.K. 2000. Taxonomic status
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Marquet, G., Taiki, N., Chadderton,
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Menzies, R.J. 1951b. A new genus an
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Miura, T., Iwakiri, M., Morioka, M.
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Morton, A. and Volpe, J. 2003. A de
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Neill, P.E., Alcalde, O., Faugeron,
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Piepenburg et al., 2011. Towards a
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Prabowo, R.E. and Yamaguchi, T. 200
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Rizzo, A.E. and Amaral, A.C.Z. 2001
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Ruiz, G.M., Fofonoff, P.W., Carlton
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SCAMIT (Southern California Associa
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Senanan, W., Tangkrock-Olan, N., Pa
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Silva, P.C., Basson, P.W., and Moe,
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B.S., Jorge, M.A., Lonbana, A., Lou
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Toda, H. and Yamamoto, T. 1991. Dis
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