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DISCLAIMER: The information in this document has been funded in part by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). The publication was subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory’s Western Ecology Division and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and is approved for publication. However, approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the U.S. EPA. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader; such use does not constitute official endorsement or approval by the U.S. Department of Interior, the USGS, or the EPA of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. The views and terms expressed in the information presented here are those of the contributing scientists under their responsibilities and do not necessarily represent the views of the North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES). In all cases, scientific content, geographic names and data were not edited by PICES. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: We would like to acknowledge the following funding sources in supporting the development of the “Atlas of Nonindigenous Marine and Estuarine Species in the North Pacific.”, the “PICES Nonindigenous Species Information System”, and the “User’s Guide and Metadata for the PICES Nonindigenous Species Information System”: the Japanese Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF), U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and the Western Regional Panel of the Aquatic Nuisance Species Task Force. Deborah Reusser was partially funded through a USGS Geography Research Prospectus and by the AMI/GEOSS IAGs #DW-14-92231501-0 and #DW-14-95779101-0 from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Darlene L. Smith, as chair of Working Group 21 (Non-indigenous Aquatic Species) of North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES), as well as all the members of Working Group 21, provided support and insights in making the Atlas and PICES database possible. Special thanks go to Gustav Paulay and Lucius G. Eldredge who provided detailed reviews of an earlier version of the Atlas and database and to Katie Marko, Lee McCoy, Gayle Hansen, Jody Stecher, Rebecca Loiselle, Rene Graham, and Chris Janousek for reviewing the database and User’s Guide. In addition, we thank all the people who diligently provided data entry support for the PICES database, especially Katie Marko, Rene Graham, Emily Saarinen, Caroline Emch‐Wei, Karen Ebert, Stacy Strickland, Jody Stecher, Marla Ranelletti, Laurel Hillmann, Joan Cabreza, Aaron Norwood, and others. GIS support was provided by Meredith Payne and Patrick Clinton. Taxonomic assistance was provided by John Chapman, Kathy Welch, and Gayle Hansen; programming support by Tad Larsen, Rachel Nehmer and Dustin Wilson; and quality assurance assistance from Melanie Frazier, Rebecca Loiselle, and Justin Saarinen. COVER PHOTOS: Green crab holding a CD by Deborah Reusser, U.S. Geological Survey; Map of the North Pacific and ecoregions of PICES member countries, Patrick Clinton, U.S. EPA; Yaquina Head Lighthouse and Poole Slough in Yaquina Bay, Newport, OR, Eric Vance, U.S. EPA. ii
SUGGESTED CITATIONS: Lee II, H. and Reusser, D. A., 2012. Atlas of Nonindigenous Marine and Estuarine Species in the North Pacific. Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, EPA/600/R/12/631. Suggested citations for companion database and user’s guide: Lee II, H. and Reusser, D. A., 2012. PICES Nonindigenous Species Information System. Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory. Microsoft Access database. Lee II, H., Reusser, D.A., Marko, K.M., and Ranelletti, M. 2012. User’s Guide and Metadata for the PICES Nonindigenous Species Information System. Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, EPA/600/R/12/654. AUTHOR AFFILIATIONS: Henry Lee II: Pacific Coast Ecology Branch, Western Ecology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Newport OR 97365. Deborah A. Reusser: Newport Duty Station, Western Fisheries Research Center, Ecosystems, U.S. Geological Survey, Newport OR 97365. iii
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Page 6 and 7: TABLE OF CONTENTS Disclaimer ......
Page 8 and 9: Undaria pinnatifida ...............
Page 10 and 11: Diadumene leucolena ...............
Page 12 and 13: Hyboscolex longiseta ..............
Page 14 and 15: Watersipora subtorquata ...........
Page 16 and 17: Littoridinops monroensis ..........
Page 18 and 19: Halophiloscia couchii .............
Page 20 and 21: Amphibalanus amphitrite ...........
Page 22 and 23: Botrylloides diegensis ............
Page 24 and 25: Salmo trutta ......................
Page 26 and 27: Figure 45: Mollusca-Gastropoda: Num
Page 28 and 29: INTRODUCTION Overview Marine and es
Page 30 and 31: APPROACH AND DEFINITIONS Marine Bio
Page 32 and 33: Unknown: A species was classified a
Page 34 and 35: new species. In these cases, the pa
Page 36 and 37: accumulate in rocky intertidal tide
Page 38 and 39: the second most invaded. The Northe
Page 40 and 41: history of the species but not whet
Page 42 and 43: MAPS OF MEOW REGIONS Figure 1: Map
Page 44 and 45: Figure 3: Maps in geographic projec
Page 46 and 47: Figure 5: Map of the Northwest Paci
Page 48 and 49: Figure 7: Map of the Eastern Indo-P
Page 50 and 51: Figure 9: Map of the Tropical Easte
Page 52 and 53: Figure 11: Map of the Magellanic re
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Figure 13: Map of the West Tropical
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Figure 15: Map of the Northeast Atl
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Figure 17: Map of the Ponto-Caspian
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Figure 19: Map of the Southern Afri
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Figure 21: Map of the Southern Aust
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Figure 23: Alternate map in polar s
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250 200 150 100 50 0 N = 747 10 55
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25 20 15 10 2 6 Figure 30: Phylum B
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6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 0 Figure 38: Cnidar
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140 120 100 Figure 46: Phylum Arthr
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Figure 54: Arthropoda-Insecta: Numb
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DECIPHERING SPECIES INFORMATION: KE
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TABLES Table Key to Species Profile
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Attribute / Level in Species Profil
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Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Definition
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Ecosystems Table 4: Definitions for
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Major Habitat Type: Level 1 Ecosyst
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Depth Table 5: Definitions for the
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Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Definition
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Salinity Table 7: Definitions for t
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Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Exp
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Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Exp
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Juvenile Development/Dispersal Leve
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Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Def
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Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Def
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Claviceps purpurea var. spartinae P
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Cytospora rhizophorae Print Date: 9
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Etheirophora blepharospora Print Da
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Bonamia ostreae Print Date: 9/9/201
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Haplosporidium nelsoni Print Date:
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Ancistrocoma pelseneeri Print Date:
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Ancistrum cyclidioides Print Date:
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Boveria teredinidi Print Date: 9/9/
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Conidophrys pilisuctor Print Date:
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Cothurnia limnoriae Print Date: 9/9
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Eufolliculina lignicola Print Date:
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Lagenophrys cochinensis Print Date:
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Lobochona prorates Print Date: 9/9/
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Mirofolliculina limnoriae Print Dat
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Sphenophyra dosiniae Print Date: 9/
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Haynesina germanica Print Date: 9/9
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Trochammina hadai Print Date: 9/9/2
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Attheya armata Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Pseudo-nitzschia americana Print Da
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Ascophyllum nodosum Print Date: 9/9
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Cutleria multifida Print Date: 9/9/
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Desmarestia ligulata Print Date: 9/
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Dictyota flabellata Print Date: 9/9
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Elachista nigra Print Date: 9/9/201
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Fucus cottonii Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Macrocystis pyrifera Print Date: 9/
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Microspongium globosum Print Date:
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Nemacystus decipiens Print Date: 9/
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Pylaiella littoralis Print Date: 9/
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Ralfsia bornetii Print Date: 9/9/20
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Saccharina japonica Print Date: 9/9
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Saccharina longissima Print Date: 9
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Sargassum horneri Print Date: 9/9/2
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Sargassum muticum Print Date: 9/9/2
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Striaria attenuata Print Date: 9/9/
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Undaria pinnatifida Print Date: 9/9
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Cephaloidophora communis Print Date
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Alexandrium margalefi Print Date: 9
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Alexandrium tamutum Print Date: 9/9
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Dinophysis caudata Print Date: 9/9/
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Heterocapsa circularisquama Print D
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Peridiniopsis penardiforme Print Da
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Perkinsus marinus Print Date: 9/9/2
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Acanthophora spicifera Print Date:
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Aglaothamnion tenuissimum Print Dat
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Asparagopsis armata Print Date: 9/9
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Asparagopsis taxiformis Print Date:
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Bonnemaisonia hamifera Print Date:
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Callithamnion corymbosum Print Date
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Caulacanthus ustulatus Print Date:
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Ceramium cimbricum Print Date: 9/9/
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Ceramium giacconei Print Date: 9/9/
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Ceramium kondoi Print Date: 9/9/201
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Ceramium sinicola Print Date: 9/9/2
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Chroodactylon ornatum Print Date: 9
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Corynomorpha prismatica Print Date:
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Dasya sessilis Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Eucheuma denticulatum Print Date: 9
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Gelidium vagum Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Gracilaria salicornia Print Date: 9
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Gracilaria tikvahiae Print Date: 9/
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Gracilaria vermiculophylla Print Da
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Grateloupia lanceolata Print Date:
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Grateloupia turuturu Print Date: 9/
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Hypnea musciformis Print Date: 9/9/
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Kappaphycus alvarezii Print Date: 9
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Kappaphycus striatus Print Date: 9/
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Lomentaria hakodatensis Print Date:
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Neosiphonia harveyi Print Date: 9/9
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Polysiphonia brodiei Print Date: 9/
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Polysiphonia denudata Print Date: 9
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Avrainvillea amadelpha Print Date:
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Bryopsis sp. (Cohen and Carlton, 19
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Caulerpa taxifolia Print Date: 9/9/
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Codium fragile fragile Print Date:
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Udotea argentea Print Date: 9/9/201
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Ulva californica Print Date: 9/9/20
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Ulva expansa Print Date: 9/9/2012 E
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Ulva lactuca Print Date: 9/9/2012 E
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Ulva pertusa Print Date: 9/9/2012 E
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Ulva rigida Print Date: 9/9/2012 Es
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Ammophila arenaria Print Date: 9/9/
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Bruguiera sexangula Print Date: 9/9
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Conocarpus erectus Print Date: 9/9/
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Halophila decipiens Print Date: 9/9
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Limosella australis Print Date: 9/9
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Rhizophora mangle Print Date: 9/9/2
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Spartina alterniflora Print Date: 9
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Spartina anglica Print Date: 9/9/20
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Spartina densiflora Print Date: 9/9
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Spartina patens Print Date: 9/9/201
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Zostera japonica Print Date: 9/9/20
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Chalinula loosanoffi Print Date: 9/
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Clathria prolifera Print Date: 9/9/
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Cliona thoosina Print Date: 9/9/201
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Gelliodes fibrosa Print Date: 9/9/2
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Halichondria bowerbanki Print Date:
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Halichondria coerulea Print Date: 9
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Halichondria melanodocia Print Date
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Haliclona caerulea Print Date: 9/9/
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Monanchora sp. (Carlton and Eldredg
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Mycale cecilia Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Mycale grandis Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Mycale parishi Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Prosuberites sp. (Hartman, 1975) Pr
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Suberites aurantiacus Print Date: 9
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Aiptasia cf. insignis Print Date: 9
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Aiptasiomorpha minima Print Date: 9
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Bunodeopsis sp. A (Engle and Richar
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Carijoa riisei Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Culicia rachelfitzhardingeae Print
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Diadumene cincta Print Date: 9/9/20
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Diadumene franciscana Print Date: 9
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Diadumene leucolena Print Date: 9/9
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Diadumene lineata Print Date: 9/9/2
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Nematostella vectensis Print Date:
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Synandwakia hozawai Print Date: 9/9
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Copula sivickisi Print Date: 9/9/20
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Amphinema sp. (Rees, 2000) Print Da
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Bimeria vestita Print Date: 9/9/201
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Blackfordia virginica Print Date: 9
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Bougainvillia muscus Print Date: 9/
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Cladonema pacificum Print Date: 9/9
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Cladonema radiatum Print Date: 9/9/
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Clava multicornis Print Date: 9/9/2
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Clytia hemisphaerica Print Date: 9/
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Cordylophora caspia Print Date: 9/9
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Corymorpha sp. (Cohen and Carlton,
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Garveia franciscana Print Date: 9/9
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Garveia sp. (Carlton and Eldredge,
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Gonothyraea loveni Print Date: 9/9/
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Laomedea calceolifera Print Date: 9
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Laomedea flexuosa Print Date: 9/9/2
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Maeotias marginata Print Date: 9/9/
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Moerisia sp. (Rees and Gershwin, 20
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Obelia bidentata Print Date: 9/9/20
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Obelia dichotoma Cmplx Print Date:
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Pennaria disticha Print Date: 9/9/2
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Pinauay crocea Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Podocorynoides minima Print Date: 9
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Thuiaria thuiarioides Print Date: 9
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Turritopsis nutricula Cmplx Print D
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Anomalorhiza shawi Print Date: 9/9/
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Aurelia sp. (Carlton and Eldredge,
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Aurelia sp. 1 (Dawson et al., 2005)
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Cassiopea andromeda Print Date: 9/9
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Cassiopea sp. 3 (Holland et al., 20
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Phyllorhiza punctata Print Date: 9/
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Vallicula multiformis Print Date: 9
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Camallanus cotti Print Date: 9/9/20
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Ascocotyle tenuicollis Print Date:
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Bothriocephalus acheilognathi Print
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Cercaria batillariae Print Date: 9/
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Gyrodactylus anguillae Print Date:
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Khawia iowensis Print Date: 9/9/201
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Koinostylochus ostreophagus Print D
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Neobenedenia melleni Print Date: 9/
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Neoheterobothrium hirame Print Date
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Salsuginus seculus Print Date: 9/9/
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Stylochoplana limnoriae Print Date:
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Taenioplana teredini Print Date: 9/
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Chaetogaster diaphanus Print Date:
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Limnodriloides monothecus Print Dat
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Monopylephorus evertus Print Date:
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Myzobdella lugubris Print Date: 9/9
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Paranais frici Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Tubificoides brownae Print Date: 9/
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Tubificoides diazi Print Date: 9/9/
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Tubificoides wasselli Print Date: 9
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Alitta succinea Print Date: 9/9/201
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Amaeana sp. (Cohen et al., 2005) Pr
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Amblyosyllis speciosa Print Date: 9
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Amphiglena mediterranea Print Date:
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Axiothella quadrimaculata Print Dat
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Bispira sp. A (Cohen et al., 2002)
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Boccardiella hamata Print Date: 9/9
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Boccardiella ligerica Print Date: 9
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Branchiomma bairdi Print Date: 9/9/
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Branchiomma japonica Print Date: 9/
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Brevicirrosyllis weismanni Print Da
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Caulleriella acicula Print Date: 9/
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Chaetopterus variopedatus Cmplx Pri
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Clymenella torquata Print Date: 9/9
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Crucigera websteri Print Date: 9/9/
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Demonax sp. A (Cohen et al., 2002)
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Dipolydora commensalis Print Date:
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Dipolydora normalis Print Date: 9/9
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Eumida sanguinea Print Date: 9/9/20
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Eusyllis japonica Print Date: 9/9/2
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Exogone longicornis Print Date: 9/9
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Ficopomatus enigmaticus Print Date:
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Ficopomatus miamiensis Print Date:
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Geminosyllis ohma Print Date: 9/9/2
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Hesionura australiensis Print Date:
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Heteromastus filiformis Cmplx Print
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Hobsonia florida Print Date: 9/9/20
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Hyboscolex longiseta Print Date: 9/
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Hydroides brachyacanthus Print Date
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Hydroides cruciger Print Date: 9/9/
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Hydroides dianthus Print Date: 9/9/
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Hydroides diramphus Print Date: 9/9
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Hydroides elegans Print Date: 9/9/2
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Hydroides ezoensis Print Date: 9/9/
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Hydroides norvegicus Print Date: 9/
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Janua pagenstecheri Print Date: 9/9
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Kuwaita heteropoda Print Date: 9/9/
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Laonome sp. SF1 Norris (CANOD, 2009
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Linopherus microcephala Print Date:
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Magelona capensis Print Date: 9/9/2
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Manayunkia aestuarina Print Date: 9
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Marenzelleria viridis Print Date: 9
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Marphysa conferta Print Date: 9/9/2
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Microspio granulata Print Date: 9/9
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Myrianida pachycera Print Date: 9/9
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Neanthes arenaceodentata Print Date
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Neoamphitrite sp. A (Cohen et al.,
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Neodexiospira brasiliensis Print Da
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Nicolea sp. A (Cohen et al., 2002)
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Nicolea zostericola Print Date: 9/9
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Ophryotrocha adherens Print Date: 9
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Ophryotrocha labronica pacifica Pri
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Perinereis aibuhitensis Print Date:
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Perkinsyllis spinisetosa Print Date
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Pileolaria militaris Print Date: 9/
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Plakosyllis brevipes Print Date: 9/
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Polydora cornuta Print Date: 9/9/20
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Polydora limicola Print Date: 9/9/2
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Polydora nuchalis Print Date: 9/9/2
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Polydora websteri Print Date: 9/9/2
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Procerastea nematodes Print Date: 9
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Protodorvillea biarticulata Print D
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Protodorvillea egena Print Date: 9/
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Protodriloides chaetifer Print Date
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Pseudopolydora antennata Print Date
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Pseudopolydora bassarginensis Print
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Pseudopotamilla occelata Print Date
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Pseudovermilia occidentalis Print D
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Sabaco elongatus Print Date: 9/9/20
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Sabellastarte spectabilis Print Dat
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Salmacina tribranchiata Print Date:
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Salvatoria mediodentata Print Date:
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Scolelepis victoriensis Print Date:
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Scyphoproctus djiboutiensis Print D
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Serpula watsoni Print Date: 9/9/201
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Sphaerosyllis riseri Print Date: 9/
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Spio blakei Print Date: 9/9/2012 Es
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Spirobranchus kraussii Print Date:
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Streblospio benedicti Cmplx Print D
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Syllides bansei Print Date: 9/9/201
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Typosyllis nipponica Print Date: 9/
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Aetea anguina Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Aetea truncata Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Aeverrillia armata Print Date: 9/9/
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Amathia convoluta Print Date: 9/9/2
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Amathia distans Print Date: 9/9/201
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Anguinella palmata Print Date: 9/9/
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Aspidelectra cf. melolontha Print D
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Bowerbankia gracilis Cmplx Print Da
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Bowerbankia imbricata Print Date: 9
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Bugula californica Print Date: 9/9/
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Bugula dentata Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Bugula flabellata Print Date: 9/9/2
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Bugula fulva Print Date: 9/9/2012 E
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Bugula minima Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Bugula neritina Cmplx Print Date: 9
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Bugula sp. 1 (Cohen et al., 1998) P
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Bugula sp. 2 (Cohen et al., 1998) P
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Bugula stolonifera Print Date: 9/9/
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Caberea boryi Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Caulibugula caliculata Print Date:
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Caulibugula dendrograpta Print Date
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Conopeum seurati Print Date: 9/9/20
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Conopeum tenuissimum Print Date: 9/
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Cryptosula pallasiana Print Date: 9
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Electra tenella Print Date: 9/9/201
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Escharoides excavata Print Date: 9/
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Hippopodina tahitiensis Print Date:
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Membranipora chesapeakensis Print D
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Membraniporopsis tubigerum Print Da
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Nolella stipata Print Date: 9/9/201
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Savignyella lafontii Print Date: 9/
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Schizoporella errata Print Date: 9/
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Schizoporella japonica Print Date:
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Schizoporella sp. (Carlton and Eldr
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Schizoporella unicornis Print Date:
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Synnotum aegyptiacum Print Date: 9/
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Triticella sp. B (Hewitt, 1993) Pri
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Trypostega venusta Print Date: 9/9/
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Victorella pavida Print Date: 9/9/2
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Watersipora arcuata Print Date: 9/9
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Watersipora edmondsoni Print Date:
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Watersipora sp. (Mackie et al., 200
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Watersipora subtorquata Print Date:
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Barentsia benedeni Print Date: 9/9/
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Barentsia sp. (Carlton and Eldredge
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Abra sp. A (Coles et al., 1997) Pri
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Anomia nobilis Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Argopecten irradians Print Date: 9/
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Bankia bipalmulata Print Date: 9/9/
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Chama fibula Print Date: 9/9/2012 E
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Chama lazarus Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Chama macerophylla Print Date: 9/9/
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Chama pacifica Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Corbicula fluminea Print Date: 9/9/
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Corbula amurensis Print Date: 9/9/2
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Crassostrea gigas Print Date: 9/9/2
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Crassostrea virginica Print Date: 9
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Gemma gemma Print Date: 9/9/2012 Es
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Geukensia demissa Print Date: 9/9/2
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Hiatella arctica Print Date: 9/9/20
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Laternula marilina Print Date: 9/9/
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Limnoperna fortunei Print Date: 9/9
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Limnoperna securis Print Date: 9/9/
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Lioconcha fastigiata Print Date: 9/
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Lyrodus affinis Print Date: 9/9/201
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Lyrodus pedicellatus Print Date: 9/
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Lyrodus takanoshimensis Print Date:
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Macoma petalum Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Martesia striata Print Date: 9/9/20
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Mercenaria mercenaria Print Date: 9
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Meretrix petechialis Print Date: 9/
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Musculista senhousia Print Date: 9/
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Mya arenaria Print Date: 9/29/2012
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Mytilopsis leucophaeata Print Date:
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Mytilopsis sallei Print Date: 9/9/2
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Mytilus galloprovincialis Print Dat
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Neotrapezium liratum Print Date: 9/
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Nuttallia obscurata Print Date: 9/9
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Ostrea edulis Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Ostrea lurida Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Panopea generosa Print Date: 9/9/20
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Patinopecten yessoensis Print Date:
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Pecten maximus Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Perna viridis Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Petricola lithophaga Print Date: 9/
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Petricolaria pholadiformis Print Da
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Phacosoma gibba Print Date: 9/9/201
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Saccostrea cucullata Print Date: 9/
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Sphenia coreanica Print Date: 9/9/2
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Spisula solidissima Print Date: 9/9
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Teredo bartschi Print Date: 9/9/201
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Teredo clappi Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Teredo fulleri Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Teredo furcifera Print Date: 9/9/20
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Teredo navalis Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Theora lubrica Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Alderia modesta Print Date: 9/9/201
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Amphithalamus inclusus Print Date:
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Assiminea parasitologica Print Date
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Babakina festiva Print Date: 9/9/20
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Batillaria attramentaria Print Date
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Boonea cincta Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Bostrycapulus calyptraeiformis Prin
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Busycotypus canaliculatus Print Dat
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Caloria indica Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Catriona rickettsi Print Date: 9/9/
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Cecina manchurica Print Date: 9/9/2
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Chrysallida trachis Print Date: 9/9
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Crepidula convexa Print Date: 9/9/2
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Crepidula fornicata Print Date: 9/9
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Crepidula onyx Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Crepidula plana Print Date: 9/9/201
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Crucibulum spinosum Print Date: 9/9
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Cuthona columbiana Print Date: 9/9/
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Cuthona perca Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Diodora rueppellii Print Date: 9/9/
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Evalea cf. americana Print Date: 9/
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Folinella navisa Print Date: 9/9/20
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Haliotis fulgens Print Date: 9/9/20
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Haliotis iris Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Haliotis kamtschatkana Print Date:
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Haliotis laevigata Print Date: 9/9/
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Haliotis rufescens Print Date: 9/9/
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Haliotis tuberculata Print Date: 9/
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Haminoea japonica Print Date: 9/9/2
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Ilyanassa obsoleta Print Date: 9/9/
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Iolaea eucosmia Print Date: 9/9/201
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Laguncula pulchella Print Date: 9/9
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Littoridinops monroensis Print Date
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Littorina littorea Print Date: 9/9/
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Littorina saxatilis Print Date: 9/9
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Melanoides tuberculata Print Date:
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Myosotella myosotis Print Date: 9/9
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Nassarius fraterculus Print Date: 9
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Nassarius sinarus Print Date: 9/9/2
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Ocenebra inornata Print Date: 9/9/2
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Odetta bisuturalis Print Date: 9/9/
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Okenia eolida Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Okenia pellucida Print Date: 9/9/20
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Peristichia pedroana Print Date: 9/
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Philine auriformis Print Date: 9/9/
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Philine orientalis Print Date: 9/29
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Phyllodesmium poindimiei Print Date
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Potamopyrgus antipodarum Print Date
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Pyrgophorus coronatus Print Date: 9
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Sakuraeolis enosimensis Print Date:
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Stenothyra sp. (Tamaki et al., 2002
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Tarebia granifera Print Date: 9/9/2
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Tenellia adspersa Print Date: 9/9/2
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Thylaeodus sp. (Carlton and Eldredg
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Umbonium thomasi Print Date: 9/9/20
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Urosalpinx cinerea Print Date: 9/9/
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Vermetus alii Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Nebalia sp. (Cohen and Carlton, 199
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Ampelisca abdita Print Date: 9/9/20
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Ampithoe lacertosa Print Date: 9/9/
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Ampithoe longimana Print Date: 9/9/
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Ampithoe sp. (Cohen and Carlton, 19
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Ampithoe valida Print Date: 9/9/201
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Aoroides secundus Print Date: 9/9/2
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Caprella danilevskii Print Date: 9/
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Caprella drepanochir Print Date: 9/
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Caprella equilibra Print Date: 9/9/
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Caprella mutica Print Date: 9/9/201
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Caprella penantis Print Date: 9/9/2
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Caprella scaura Print Date: 9/9/201
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Caprella simia Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Centromedon pumilus Print Date: 9/9
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Cheiriphotis megacheles Print Date:
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Chelura terebrans Print Date: 9/9/2
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Corophium alienense Print Date: 9/9
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Corophium heteroceratum Print Date:
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Elasmopus rapax Print Date: 9/9/201
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Eochelidium sp. A (Chapman, 2007) P
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Ericthonius brasiliensis Print Date
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Gammarus daiberi Print Date: 9/9/20
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Gammarus mucronatus Print Date: 9/9
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Grandidierella bispinosa Print Date
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Grandidierella japonica Print Date:
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Incisocalliope derzhavini Print Dat
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Jassa falcata Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Jassa marmorata Print Date: 9/9/201
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Jassa slatteryi Print Date: 9/9/201
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Laticorophium baconi Print Date: 9/
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Leucothoe micronesiae Print Date: 9
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Leucothoe spinicarpa Cmplx Print Da
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Liljeborgia sp. (Cohen et al., 2002
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Melita nitida Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Melita rylovae Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Metopella sp. (Cohen et al., 2002)
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Microdeutopus gryllotalpa Print Dat
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Microjassa sp. (deRivera et al., 20
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Monocorophium acherusicum Print Dat
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Monocorophium insidiosum Print Date
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Monocorophium uenoi Print Date: 9/9
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Paracaprella pusilla Print Date: 9/
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Paracorophium sp. (Chapman, 2007) P
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Paradexamine sp. (Chapman, 2007) Pr
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Paraleucothoe sp. (Carlton and Eldr
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Podocerus brasiliensis Print Date:
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Stenothoe gallensis Print Date: 9/9
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Stenothoe valida Print Date: 9/9/20
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Transorchestia enigmatica Print Dat
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Tropichelura insulae Print Date: 9/
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Nannastacus sp. (Carlton and Eldred
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Nippoleucon hinumensis Print Date:
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Scherocumella sp. (Carlton and Eldr
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Alloniscus oahuensis Print Date: 9/
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Armadilloniscus ellipticus Print Da
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Boreosignum wilsoni Print Date: 9/9
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Buchnerillo sp. (Carlton and Eldred
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Caecijaera horvathi Print Date: 9/9
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Dynoides dentisinus Print Date: 9/9
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Eurylana arcuata Print Date: 9/9/20
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Exosphaeroma sp. (Carlton and Eldre
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Gnorimosphaeroma rayi Print Date: 9
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Halophiloscia couchii Print Date: 9
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Iais californica Print Date: 9/9/20
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Ligia exotica Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Limnoria quadripunctata Print Date:
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Limnoria tripunctata Print Date: 9/
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Littorophiloscia culebrae Print Dat
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Mesanthura sp. (Carlton and Eldredg
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Munna sp. A (Cohen and Carlton, 199
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Niambia capensis Print Date: 9/9/20
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Olibrinus truncatus Print Date: 9/9
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Orthione griffenis Print Date: 9/9/
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Paracerceis sculpta Print Date: 9/9
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Paradella dianae Print Date: 9/9/20
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Paralimnoria andrewsi Print Date: 9
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Paranthura japonica Print Date: 9/9
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Pistorius bidens Print Date: 9/9/20
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Platyarthrus aiasensis Print Date:
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Porcellio dilatatus Print Date: 9/9
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Porcellio laevis Print Date: 9/9/20
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Porcellio lamellatus Print Date: 9/
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Porcellio scaber Print Date: 9/9/20
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Pseudosphaeroma sp. (Bruce and Wetz
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Sphaeroma quoianum Print Date: 9/9/
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Sphaeroma walkeri Print Date: 9/9/2
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Synidotea laevidorsalis Print Date:
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Deltamysis holmquistae Print Date:
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Holmesimysis costata Print Date: 9/
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Hyperacanthomysis longirostris Prin
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Neomysis japonica Print Date: 9/9/2
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Orientomysis aspera Print Date: 9/9
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Orientomysis hwanhaiensis Print Dat
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Apseudes sp. (Carlton and Eldredge,
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Parapseudes pedispinis Print Date:
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Sinelobus stanfordi Cmplx Print Dat
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Acantholobulus pacificus Print Date
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Callinectes sapidus Print Date: 9/9
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Carcinus aestuarii Print Date: 9/9/
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Carcinus maenas Print Date: 10/2/20
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Deiratonotus cristatum Print Date:
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Eriocheir sinensis Print Date: 9/9/
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Exopalaemon carinicauda Print Date:
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Fenneropenaeus chinensis Print Date
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Fenneropenaeus merguiensis Print Da
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Glabropilumnus seminudus Print Date
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Homarus americanus Print Date: 9/9/
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Homarus gammarus Print Date: 9/9/20
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Hyastenus spinosus Print Date: 9/9/
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Litopenaeus stylirostris Print Date
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Litopenaeus vannamei Print Date: 9/
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Macrobrachium lar Print Date: 9/9/2
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Macrobrachium rosenbergii Print Dat
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Marsupenaeus japonicus Print Date:
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Metacarcinus magister Print Date: 9
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Metadromia wilsoni Print Date: 9/9/
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Metopograpsus oceanicus Print Date:
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Nanosesarma minutum Print Date: 9/9
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Pachygrapsus fakaravensis Print Dat
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Palaemon macrodactylus Print Date:
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Panopeus lacustris Print Date: 9/9/
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Pilumnus oahuensis Print Date: 9/9/
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Pyromaia tuberculata Print Date: 9/
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Rhithropanopeus harrisii Print Date
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Scylla serrata Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Gonodactylaceus falcatus Print Date
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Acartiella sinensis Print Date: 9/9
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Caligus sclerotinosus Print Date: 9
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Enhydrosoma lacunae Print Date: 9/9
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Eurytemora affinis Cmplx Print Date
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Harpacticella paradoxa Print Date:
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Limnoithona sinensis Print Date: 9/
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Limnoithona tetraspina Print Date:
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Mytilicola orientalis Print Date: 9
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Neotachidius triangularis Print Dat
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Oithona davisae Print Date: 9/9/201
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Pachypygus gibber Print Date: 9/9/2
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Psammopsyllus stri Print Date: 9/9/
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Pseudodiaptomus forbesi Print Date:
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Pseudodiaptomus inopinus Print Date
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Pseudodiaptomus marinus Print Date:
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Pseudomyicola spinosus Print Date:
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Sarsamphiascus parvus Print Date: 9
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Sinocalanus doerrii Print Date: 9/9
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Stephos pacificus Print Date: 9/9/2
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Stephos sp. (Ruiz et al. 2000) Prin
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Teredicola typica Print Date: 9/9/2
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Tortanus dextrilobatus Print Date:
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Amphibalanus amphitrite Print Date:
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Amphibalanus eburneus Print Date: 9
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Amphibalanus improvisus Print Date:
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Amphibalanus reticulatus Print Date
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Amphibalanus subalbidus Print Date:
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Amphibalanus variegatus Print Date:
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Amphibalanus venustus Print Date: 9
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Amphibalanus zhujiangensis Print Da
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Balanus glandula Print Date: 9/9/20
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Balanus perforatus Print Date: 9/9/
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Chthamalus proteus Print Date: 9/9/
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Megabalanus coccopoma Print Date: 9
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Megabalanus tintinnabulum Print Dat
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Megabalanus zebra Print Date: 9/9/2
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Aspidoconcha limnoriae Print Date:
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Eusarsiella zostericola Print Date:
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Redekea californica Print Date: 9/9
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Spinileberis quadriaculeata Print D
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Ammothella pacifica Print Date: 9/9
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Anoplodactylus arescus Print Date:
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Anoplodactylus californicus Print D
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Anoplodactylus digitatus Print Date
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Anoplodactylus erectus Print Date:
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Anoplodactylus marshallensis Print
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Anoplodactylus pycnosoma Print Date
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Endeis biseriata Print Date: 9/9/20
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Endeis nodosa Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Endeis procera Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Pigrogromitus timsanus Print Date:
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Tanystylum rehderi Print Date: 9/9/
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Anisolabis maritima Print Date: 9/9
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Atrichopogon jacobsoni Print Date:
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Atrichopogon sp. (Carlton & Eldredg
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Brachydeutera ibari Print Date: 9/9
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Canaceoides angulatus Print Date: 9
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Cercyon fimbriatum Print Date: 9/9/
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Ceropsilopa coquilletti Print Date:
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Clasiopella uncinata Print Date: 9/
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Cricotopus bicinctus Print Date: 9/
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Crocothemis servilia Print Date: 9/
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Cyclodinus mundulus Print Date: 9/9
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Dolichopus exsul Print Date: 9/9/20
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Donaceus nigronotatus Print Date: 9
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Enallagma civile Print Date: 9/9/20
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Enochrus sayi Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Ephydra gracilis Print Date: 9/9/20
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Ephydra millbrae Print Date: 9/9/20
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Goeldichironomus holoprasinus Print
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Hecamede granifera Print Date: 9/9/
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Hostis guamensis Print Date: 9/9/20
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Ischnura ramburii Print Date: 9/9/2
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Kleidotoma bryani Print Date: 9/9/2
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Medetera grisescens Print Date: 9/9
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Mesovelia amoena Print Date: 9/9/20
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Mesovelia mulsanti Print Date: 9/9/
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Micracanthia humilis Print Date: 9/
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Mosillus tibialis Print Date: 9/9/2
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Orasiopa mera Print Date: 9/9/2012
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Parathroscinus murphyi Print Date:
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Paratissa pollinosa Print Date: 9/9
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Placopsidella marquesana Print Date
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Procanace williamsi Print Date: 9/9
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Prokelisia marginata Print Date: 9/
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Pselactus spadix Print Date: 9/9/20
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Psilopa girschneri Print Date: 9/9/
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Psychoda salicornia Print Date: 9/9
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Scatella stagnalis Print Date: 9/9/
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Syntormon flexible Print Date: 9/9/
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Ahyong, S.T. 2001. Revision of the
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Aquenal Pty. Ltd. 2002. Final repor
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Ayres, P. 1991. Introduced Pacific
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Blake, J.A., Hecker, B., Grassle, J
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Brasher, A.M.D., Luton, C.D., Goodb
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Busby, M.S., Barnhart, R.A., and Pe
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Carlton, J.T. 1987. Patterns of tra
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Castanos, C., Pascual, M., and Cama
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Chen, R., Watanabe, S., and Yokota,
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Wastewater Department, Environmenta
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Cragg, S.M., Jumel M.-C., Al-Horani
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Farrapeira, C.M.R. 2010b. Shallow w
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Morton, A. and Volpe, J. 2003. A de
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Prabowo, R.E. and Yamaguchi, T. 200
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Randall, J.E. and Kulbicki, M. 2006
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Rizzo, A.E. and Amaral, A.C.Z. 2001
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Ruiz, G.M., Fofonoff, P.W., Carlton
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SCAMIT (Southern California Associa
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Senanan, W., Tangkrock-Olan, N., Pa
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Silva, P.C., Basson, P.W., and Moe,
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Toda, H. and Yamamoto, T. 1991. Dis
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