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EPA/600/R/12/631
Atlas of Nonindigenous Marine and Estuarine Species
in the North Pacific
Henry Lee II
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Research and Development
National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory
Western Ecology Division
and
Deborah A. Reusser
U.S. Geological Survey
Ecosystems
Western Fisheries Research Center
With Contributions by
Katie Marko, Emily Saarinen, Tad Larsen,
Caroline Emch‐Wei, Meredith Payne, and PICES WG21 members

DISCLAIMER:
The information in this document has been funded in part by the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (U.S. EPA). The publication was subjected to review by the National Health and
Environmental Effects Research Laboratory’s Western Ecology Division and the U.S.
Geological Survey (USGS), and is approved for publication. However, approval does not signify
that the contents reflect the views of the U.S. EPA. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names
in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader; such use does not
constitute official endorsement or approval by the U.S. Department of Interior, the USGS, or the
EPA of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. The views and
terms expressed in the information presented here are those of the contributing scientists under their
responsibilities and do not necessarily represent the views of the North Pacific Marine Science
Organization (PICES). In all cases, scientific content, geographic names and data were not edited
by PICES.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS:
We would like to acknowledge the following funding sources in supporting the development of
the “Atlas of Nonindigenous Marine and Estuarine Species in the North Pacific.”, the “PICES
Nonindigenous Species Information System”, and the “User’s Guide and Metadata for the
PICES Nonindigenous Species Information System”: the Japanese Ministry of Agriculture,
Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF), U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
and the Western Regional Panel of the Aquatic Nuisance Species Task Force. Deborah Reusser
was partially funded through a USGS Geography Research Prospectus and by the AMI/GEOSS
IAGs #DW-14-92231501-0 and #DW-14-95779101-0 from the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency. Darlene L. Smith, as chair of Working Group 21 (Non-indigenous Aquatic Species) of
North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES), as well as all the members of Working
Group 21, provided support and insights in making the Atlas and PICES database possible.
Special thanks go to Gustav Paulay and Lucius G. Eldredge who provided detailed reviews of an
earlier version of the Atlas and database and to Katie Marko, Lee McCoy, Gayle Hansen, Jody
Stecher, Rebecca Loiselle, Rene Graham, and Chris Janousek for reviewing the database and
User’s Guide. In addition, we thank all the people who diligently provided data entry support for
the PICES database, especially Katie Marko, Rene Graham, Emily Saarinen, Caroline
Emch‐Wei, Karen Ebert, Stacy Strickland, Jody Stecher, Marla Ranelletti, Laurel Hillmann, Joan
Cabreza, Aaron Norwood, and others. GIS support was provided by Meredith Payne and Patrick
Clinton. Taxonomic assistance was provided by John Chapman, Kathy Welch, and Gayle
Hansen; programming support by Tad Larsen, Rachel Nehmer and Dustin Wilson; and quality
assurance assistance from Melanie Frazier, Rebecca Loiselle, and Justin Saarinen.
COVER PHOTOS:
Green crab holding a CD by Deborah Reusser, U.S. Geological Survey; Map of the North Pacific
and ecoregions of PICES member countries, Patrick Clinton, U.S. EPA; Yaquina Head
Lighthouse and Poole Slough in Yaquina Bay, Newport, OR, Eric Vance, U.S. EPA.
ii

SUGGESTED CITATIONS:
Lee II, H. and Reusser, D. A., 2012. Atlas of Nonindigenous Marine and Estuarine Species in the
North Pacific. Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects
Research Laboratory, EPA/600/R/12/631.
Suggested citations for companion database and user’s guide:
Lee II, H. and Reusser, D. A., 2012. PICES Nonindigenous Species Information System. Office
of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory.
Microsoft Access database.
Lee II, H., Reusser, D.A., Marko, K.M., and Ranelletti, M. 2012. User’s Guide and Metadata for
the PICES Nonindigenous Species Information System. Office of Research and Development,
National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, EPA/600/R/12/654.
AUTHOR AFFILIATIONS:
Henry Lee II: Pacific Coast Ecology Branch, Western Ecology Division, National Health and
Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Newport
OR 97365.
Deborah A. Reusser: Newport Duty Station, Western Fisheries Research Center, Ecosystems,
U.S. Geological Survey, Newport OR 97365.
iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Disclaimer ....................................................................................................................................... ii
Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................................... ii
List of Figures ............................................................................................................................ xxiii
List of Tables ............................................................................................................................. xxiv
Executive Summary .................................................................................................................... xxv
Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 1
Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 1
Caveats ........................................................................................................................................ 2
Approach and Definitions ............................................................................................................ 3
Marine Biogeographic Schema and Geographic Scope of the Atlas .......................................... 3
Taxonomic Scope of the Atlas .................................................................................................... 4
Definitions for Species’ Invasion and Population Status............................................................ 4
Definitions for Species’ Population Status ................................................................................. 5
Taxonomy and “Also Known As” Alternative Names ............................................................... 6
Species Profiles - Summarizing Distributions and Natural History ........................................... 8
Results and Analysis ..................................................................................................................... 9
Taxonomic Patterns of Invasion ................................................................................................. 9
Spatial Patterns of Invasion ...................................................................................................... 10
Vectors of Introduction ............................................................................................................. 14
Maps of MEOW Regions............................................................................................................ 15
Graphs of Nonindigenous Species Distributions by Taxa and Region .................................. 38
Deciphering Species Information: Key to Abbreviations in Species Profiles ....................... 49
Tables ........................................................................................................................................... 51
Table Key to Species Profiles ................................................................................................... 51
Vectors ...................................................................................................................................... 54
Regimes .................................................................................................................................... 56
Ecosystems ................................................................................................................................ 57
Depth ......................................................................................................................................... 61
Substrate .................................................................................................................................... 62
Salinity ...................................................................................................................................... 65
Trophic Modes .......................................................................................................................... 66
Reproductive Strategies ............................................................................................................ 68
Early Development Mechanisms .............................................................................................. 70
Juvenile Development and Dispersal ........................................................................................ 70
Habitat Types ............................................................................................................................ 72
iv

FUNGI .......................................................................................................................................... 76
Ascomycota .............................................................................................................................. 76
Claviceps purpurea var. spartinae ........................................................................................................ 78
Cytospora rhizophorae .......................................................................................................................... 80
Etheirophora blepharospora ................................................................................................................. 82
CHROMISTA ............................................................................................................................. 84
Cercozoa .................................................................................................................................. 84
Bonamia ostreae .................................................................................................................................... 86
Haplosporidium nelsoni ......................................................................................................................... 88
Ciliophora (ciliates) ................................................................................................................. 90
Ancistrocoma pelseneeri ........................................................................................................................ 92
Ancistrum cyclidioides ........................................................................................................................... 94
Boveria teredinidi .................................................................................................................................. 96
Conidophrys pilisuctor .......................................................................................................................... 98
Cothurnia limnoriae ............................................................................................................................ 100
Eufolliculina lignicola ......................................................................................................................... 102
Lagenophrys cochinensis ..................................................................................................................... 104
Lobochona prorates ............................................................................................................................. 106
Mirofolliculina limnoriae .................................................................................................................... 108
Sphenophyra dosiniae .......................................................................................................................... 110
Foraminifera (forams) .......................................................................................................... 112
Haynesina germanica .......................................................................................................................... 114
Trochammina hadai ............................................................................................................................. 116
Ochrophyta ............................................................................................................................ 118
Class: Bacillariophyceae (diatoms) ............................................................................................ 118
Attheya armata ..................................................................................................................................... 120
Pseudo-nitzschia americana ................................................................................................................ 122
Class: Phaeophyceae (brown algae) .......................................................................................... 124
Ascophyllum nodosum ......................................................................................................................... 126
Cutleria multifida ................................................................................................................................. 128
Desmarestia ligulata ............................................................................................................................ 130
Dictyota flabellata ............................................................................................................................... 132
Elachista nigra ..................................................................................................................................... 134
Fucus cottonii ...................................................................................................................................... 136
Macrocystis pyrifera ............................................................................................................................ 138
Microspongium globosum .................................................................................................................... 140
Nemacystus decipiens .......................................................................................................................... 142
Pylaiella littoralis ................................................................................................................................ 144
Ralfsia bornetii .................................................................................................................................... 146
Saccharina japonica ............................................................................................................................ 148
Saccharina longissima ......................................................................................................................... 150
Sargassum horneri ............................................................................................................................... 152
Sargassum muticum ............................................................................................................................. 154
Striaria attenuata ................................................................................................................................. 156
v

Undaria pinnatifida ............................................................................................................................. 158
Myzozoa ................................................................................................................................. 160
Apicomplexa ................................................................................................................................... 160
Cephaloidophora communis ................................................................................................................ 162
Dinozoa (dinoflagellates) ................................................................................................................ 164
Alexandrium margalefi ........................................................................................................................ 166
Alexandrium tamutum .......................................................................................................................... 168
Dinophysis caudata.............................................................................................................................. 170
Heterocapsa circularisquama .............................................................................................................. 172
Peridiniopsis penardiforme ................................................................................................................. 174
Perkinsus marinus ............................................................................................................................... 176
PLANTAE ................................................................................................................................. 178
Biliphyta ................................................................................................................................. 178
Rhodophyta (red algae).................................................................................................................. 178
Acanthophora spicifera ........................................................................................................................ 180
Aglaothamnion tenuissimum ................................................................................................................ 182
Asparagopsis armata ........................................................................................................................... 184
Asparagopsis taxiformis ...................................................................................................................... 186
Bonnemaisonia hamifera ..................................................................................................................... 188
Callithamnion corymbosum ................................................................................................................. 190
Caulacanthus ustulatus ........................................................................................................................ 192
Ceramium cimbricum .......................................................................................................................... 194
Ceramium giacconei ............................................................................................................................ 196
Ceramium kondoi ................................................................................................................................. 198
Ceramium sinicola ............................................................................................................................... 200
Chroodactylon ornatum ....................................................................................................................... 202
Corynomorpha prismatica ................................................................................................................... 204
Dasya sessilis ....................................................................................................................................... 206
Eucheuma denticulatum ....................................................................................................................... 208
Gelidium vagum ................................................................................................................................... 210
Gracilaria salicornia ........................................................................................................................... 212
Gracilaria tikvahiae ............................................................................................................................. 214
Gracilaria vermiculophylla ................................................................................................................. 216
Grateloupia lanceolata ........................................................................................................................ 218
Grateloupia turuturu............................................................................................................................ 220
Hypnea musciformis ............................................................................................................................ 222
Kappaphycus alvarezii ......................................................................................................................... 224
Kappaphycus striatus ........................................................................................................................... 226
Lomentaria hakodatensis ..................................................................................................................... 228
Neosiphonia harveyi ............................................................................................................................ 230
Polysiphonia brodiei ............................................................................................................................ 232
Polysiphonia denudata ........................................................................................................................ 234
Viridaeplantae ....................................................................................................................... 236
Chlorophyta (green algae) ............................................................................................................. 236
Avrainvillea amadelpha ....................................................................................................................... 238
vi

Bryopsis sp. (Cohen and Carlton, 1995) .............................................................................................. 240
Caulerpa taxifolia ................................................................................................................................ 242
Codium fragile fragile ......................................................................................................................... 244
Udotea argentea .................................................................................................................................. 246
Ulva californica ................................................................................................................................... 248
Ulva expansa ....................................................................................................................................... 250
Ulva lactuca ......................................................................................................................................... 252
Ulva pertusa......................................................................................................................................... 254
Ulva rigida ........................................................................................................................................... 256
Magnoliophyta (flowering plants) ................................................................................................. 258
Ammophila arenaria ............................................................................................................................ 260
Bruguiera sexangula ............................................................................................................................ 262
Conocarpus erectus ............................................................................................................................. 264
Halophila decipiens ............................................................................................................................. 266
Limosella australis ............................................................................................................................... 268
Rhizophora mangle .............................................................................................................................. 270
Spartina alterniflora ............................................................................................................................ 272
Spartina anglica ................................................................................................................................... 274
Spartina densiflora .............................................................................................................................. 276
Spartina patens .................................................................................................................................... 278
Zostera japonica .................................................................................................................................. 280
ANIMALIA ............................................................................................................................... 282
Porifera (sponges) ................................................................................................................. 282
Chalinula loosanoffi ............................................................................................................................ 284
Clathria prolifera ................................................................................................................................. 286
Cliona thoosina .................................................................................................................................... 288
Gelliodes fibrosa .................................................................................................................................. 290
Halichondria bowerbanki .................................................................................................................... 292
Halichondria coerulea ......................................................................................................................... 294
Halichondria melanodocia .................................................................................................................. 296
Haliclona caerulea .............................................................................................................................. 298
Monanchora sp. (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009) ................................................................................... 300
Mycale cecilia ...................................................................................................................................... 302
Mycale grandis .................................................................................................................................... 304
Mycale parishi ..................................................................................................................................... 306
Prosuberites sp. (Hartman, 1975) ....................................................................................................... 308
Suberites aurantiacus .......................................................................................................................... 310
Cnidaria ................................................................................................................................. 312
Class: Anthozoa (sea anemones/corals) ..................................................................................... 312
Aiptasia cf. insignis .............................................................................................................................. 314
Aiptasiomorpha minima ....................................................................................................................... 316
Bunodeopsis sp. A (Engle and Richards, 2001) ................................................................................... 318
Carijoa riisei ........................................................................................................................................ 320
Culicia rachelfitzhardingeae ............................................................................................................... 322
Diadumene cincta ................................................................................................................................ 324
Diadumene franciscana ....................................................................................................................... 326
vii

Diadumene leucolena .......................................................................................................................... 328
Diadumene lineata ............................................................................................................................... 330
Nematostella vectensis ......................................................................................................................... 332
Synandwakia hozawai .......................................................................................................................... 334
Class: Cubozoa (box jellyfish) .................................................................................................... 336
Copula sivickisi .................................................................................................................................... 338
Class: Hydrozoa (hydroids) ....................................................................................................... 340
Amphinema sp. (Rees, 2000) ................................................................................................................ 342
Bimeria vestita ..................................................................................................................................... 344
Blackfordia virginica ........................................................................................................................... 346
Bougainvillia muscus ........................................................................................................................... 348
Cladonema pacificum .......................................................................................................................... 350
Cladonema radiatum ........................................................................................................................... 352
Clava multicornis ................................................................................................................................. 354
Clytia hemisphaerica ........................................................................................................................... 356
Cordylophora caspia ........................................................................................................................... 358
Corymorpha sp. (Cohen and Carlton, 1995) ....................................................................................... 360
Garveia franciscana ............................................................................................................................ 362
Garveia sp. (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009) .......................................................................................... 364
Gonothyraea loveni.............................................................................................................................. 366
Laomedea calceolifera ......................................................................................................................... 368
Laomedea flexuosa .............................................................................................................................. 370
Maeotias marginata ............................................................................................................................. 372
Moerisia sp. (Rees and Gershwin, 2000) ............................................................................................. 374
Obelia bidentata .................................................................................................................................. 376
Obelia dichotoma Cmplx ..................................................................................................................... 378
Pennaria disticha ................................................................................................................................. 380
Pinauay crocea .................................................................................................................................... 382
Podocorynoides minima ...................................................................................................................... 384
Thuiaria thuiarioides ........................................................................................................................... 386
Turritopsis nutricula Cmplx ................................................................................................................. 388
Class: Scyphozoa (jellyfish) ........................................................................................................ 390
Anomalorhiza shawi ............................................................................................................................ 392
Aurelia sp. (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009) ........................................................................................... 394
Aurelia sp. 1 (Dawson et al., 2005) ..................................................................................................... 396
Cassiopea andromeda.......................................................................................................................... 398
Cassiopea sp. 3 (Holland et. al., 2004) ................................................................................................ 400
Phyllorhiza punctata ............................................................................................................................ 402
Ctenophora (comb jellyfish) ................................................................................................ 404
Vallicula multiformis ........................................................................................................................... 406
Nematoda (nematodes) ......................................................................................................... 408
Camallanus cotti .................................................................................................................................. 410
Platyhelminthes (flatworms and tapeworms) ..................................................................... 412
Ascocotyle tenuicollis .......................................................................................................................... 414
Bothriocephalus acheilognathi ............................................................................................................ 416
viii

Cercaria batillariae ............................................................................................................................. 418
Gyrodactylus anguillae ........................................................................................................................ 420
Khawia iowensis .................................................................................................................................. 422
Koinostylochus ostreophagus .............................................................................................................. 424
Neobenedenia melleni .......................................................................................................................... 426
Neoheterobothrium hirame .................................................................................................................. 428
Salsuginus seculus ............................................................................................................................... 430
Stylochoplana limnoriae ...................................................................................................................... 432
Taenioplana teredini ............................................................................................................................ 434
Annelida ................................................................................................................................. 436
Class: Clitellata (oligochaetes and leaches) .............................................................................. 436
Chaetogaster diaphanus ...................................................................................................................... 438
Limnodriloides monothecus ................................................................................................................. 440
Monopylephorus evertus ...................................................................................................................... 442
Myzobdella lugubris ............................................................................................................................ 444
Paranais frici ....................................................................................................................................... 446
Tubificoides brownae ........................................................................................................................... 448
Tubificoides diazi ................................................................................................................................. 450
Tubificoides wasselli ............................................................................................................................ 452
Class: Polychaeta ........................................................................................................................ 454
Alitta succinea ..................................................................................................................................... 456
Amaeana sp. (Cohen et al., 2005) ........................................................................................................ 458
Amblyosyllis speciosa .......................................................................................................................... 460
Amphiglena mediterranea .................................................................................................................... 462
Axiothella quadrimaculata .................................................................................................................. 464
Bispira sp. A (Cohen et al., 2002) ........................................................................................................ 466
Boccardiella hamata ............................................................................................................................ 468
Boccardiella ligerica ........................................................................................................................... 470
Branchiomma bairdi ............................................................................................................................ 472
Branchiomma japonica ........................................................................................................................ 474
Brevicirrosyllis weismanni .................................................................................................................. 476
Caulleriella acicula ............................................................................................................................. 478
Chaetopterus variopedatus Cmplx ....................................................................................................... 480
Clymenella torquata ............................................................................................................................ 482
Crucigera websteri .............................................................................................................................. 484
Demonax sp. A (Cohen et al., 2002) .................................................................................................... 486
Dipolydora commensalis ..................................................................................................................... 488
Dipolydora normalis ............................................................................................................................ 490
Eumida sanguinea ............................................................................................................................... 492
Eusyllis japonica .................................................................................................................................. 494
Exogone longicornis ............................................................................................................................ 496
Ficopomatus enigmaticus .................................................................................................................... 498
Ficopomatus miamiensis ...................................................................................................................... 500
Geminosyllis ohma ............................................................................................................................... 502
Hesionura australiensis ....................................................................................................................... 504
Heteromastus filiformis Cmplx ............................................................................................................ 506
Hobsonia florida .................................................................................................................................. 508
ix

Hyboscolex longiseta ........................................................................................................................... 510
Hydroides brachyacanthus .................................................................................................................. 512
Hydroides cruciger .............................................................................................................................. 514
Hydroides dianthus .............................................................................................................................. 516
Hydroides diramphus ........................................................................................................................... 518
Hydroides elegans ............................................................................................................................... 520
Hydroides ezoensis .............................................................................................................................. 522
Hydroides norvegicus .......................................................................................................................... 524
Janua pagenstecheri ............................................................................................................................ 526
Kuwaita heteropoda ............................................................................................................................. 528
Laonome sp. SF1 Norris (CANOD, 2009) ........................................................................................... 530
Linopherus microcephala .................................................................................................................... 532
Magelona capensis .............................................................................................................................. 534
Manayunkia aestuarina ....................................................................................................................... 536
Marenzelleria viridis............................................................................................................................ 538
Marphysa conferta ............................................................................................................................... 540
Microspio granulata ............................................................................................................................ 542
Myrianida pachycera ........................................................................................................................... 544
Neanthes arenaceodentata ................................................................................................................... 546
Neoamphitrite sp. A (Cohen et al., 2005) ............................................................................................ 548
Neodexiospira brasiliensis ................................................................................................................... 550
Nicolea sp. A (Cohen et al., 2002) ....................................................................................................... 552
Nicolea zostericola .............................................................................................................................. 554
Ophryotrocha adherens ....................................................................................................................... 556
Ophryotrocha labronica pacifica ........................................................................................................ 558
Perinereis aibuhitensis ........................................................................................................................ 560
Perkinsyllis spinisetosa ........................................................................................................................ 562
Pileolaria militaris ............................................................................................................................... 564
Plakosyllis brevipes ............................................................................................................................. 566
Polydora cornuta ................................................................................................................................. 568
Polydora limicola ................................................................................................................................ 570
Polydora nuchalis ................................................................................................................................ 572
Polydora websteri ................................................................................................................................ 574
Procerastea nematodes ........................................................................................................................ 576
Protodorvillea biarticulata .................................................................................................................. 578
Protodorvillea egena ........................................................................................................................... 580
Protodriloides chaetifer ....................................................................................................................... 582
Pseudopolydora antennata .................................................................................................................. 584
Pseudopolydora bassarginensis........................................................................................................... 586
Pseudopotamilla occelata .................................................................................................................... 588
Pseudovermilia occidentalis ................................................................................................................ 590
Sabaco elongatus ................................................................................................................................. 592
Sabellastarte spectabilis ...................................................................................................................... 594
Salmacina tribranchiata ...................................................................................................................... 596
Salvatoria mediodentata ...................................................................................................................... 598
Scolelepis victoriensis .......................................................................................................................... 600
Scyphoproctus djiboutiensis................................................................................................................. 602
Serpula watsoni ................................................................................................................................... 604
Sphaerosyllis riseri .............................................................................................................................. 606
x

Spio blakei ........................................................................................................................................... 608
Spirobranchus kraussii ........................................................................................................................ 610
Streblospio benedicti Cmplx ................................................................................................................ 612
Syllides bansei ..................................................................................................................................... 614
Typosyllis nipponica ............................................................................................................................ 616
Bryozoa .................................................................................................................................. 618
Aetea anguina ...................................................................................................................................... 620
Aetea truncata ...................................................................................................................................... 622
Aeverrillia armata ............................................................................................................................... 624
Amathia convoluta ............................................................................................................................... 626
Amathia distans ................................................................................................................................... 628
Anguinella palmata .............................................................................................................................. 630
Aspidelectra cf. melolontha ................................................................................................................. 632
Bowerbankia gracilis Cmplx................................................................................................................ 634
Bowerbankia imbricata ........................................................................................................................ 636
Bugula californica ............................................................................................................................... 638
Bugula dentata ..................................................................................................................................... 640
Bugula flabellata ................................................................................................................................. 642
Bugula fulva ......................................................................................................................................... 644
Bugula minima ..................................................................................................................................... 646
Bugula neritina Cmplx ......................................................................................................................... 648
Bugula sp. 1 (Cohen et al., 1998) ........................................................................................................ 650
Bugula sp. 2 (Cohen et al., 1998) ........................................................................................................ 652
Bugula stolonifera ............................................................................................................................... 654
Caberea boryi ...................................................................................................................................... 656
Caulibugula caliculata ........................................................................................................................ 658
Caulibugula dendrograpta .................................................................................................................. 660
Conopeum seurati ................................................................................................................................ 662
Conopeum tenuissimum ....................................................................................................................... 664
Cryptosula pallasiana .......................................................................................................................... 666
Electra tenella ...................................................................................................................................... 668
Escharoides excavata .......................................................................................................................... 670
Hippopodina tahitiensis ....................................................................................................................... 672
Membranipora chesapeakensis ............................................................................................................ 674
Membraniporopsis tubigerum .............................................................................................................. 676
Nolella stipata ...................................................................................................................................... 678
Savignyella lafontii .............................................................................................................................. 680
Schizoporella errata ............................................................................................................................ 682
Schizoporella japonica ........................................................................................................................ 684
Schizoporella sp. (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009) ................................................................................. 686
Schizoporella unicornis ....................................................................................................................... 688
Synnotum aegyptiacum ........................................................................................................................ 690
Triticella sp. B (Hewitt, 1993) ............................................................................................................. 692
Trypostega venusta .............................................................................................................................. 694
Victorella pavida ................................................................................................................................. 696
Watersipora arcuata ............................................................................................................................ 698
Watersipora edmondsoni ..................................................................................................................... 700
Watersipora sp. (Mackie et al., 2006) .................................................................................................. 702
xi

Watersipora subtorquata ..................................................................................................................... 704
Zoobotryon verticillatum ..................................................................................................................... 706
Phoronida .............................................................................................................................. 708
Phoronis hippocrepia .......................................................................................................................... 710
Entoprocta (kamptozoans) ................................................................................................... 712
Barentsia benedeni .............................................................................................................................. 714
Barentsia sp. (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009) ........................................................................................ 716
Mollusca ................................................................................................................................. 718
Class: Bivalvia ................................................................................................................................ 718
Abra sp. A (Coles et al., 1997) ............................................................................................................. 720
Anomia nobilis ..................................................................................................................................... 722
Argopecten irradians ........................................................................................................................... 724
Bankia bipalmulata .............................................................................................................................. 726
Chama fibula ....................................................................................................................................... 728
Chama lazarus ..................................................................................................................................... 730
Chama macerophylla ........................................................................................................................... 732
Chama pacifica .................................................................................................................................... 734
Corbicula fluminea .............................................................................................................................. 736
Corbula amurensis ............................................................................................................................... 738
Crassostrea gigas ................................................................................................................................ 740
Crassostrea virginica ........................................................................................................................... 742
Gemma gemma .................................................................................................................................... 744
Geukensia demissa ............................................................................................................................... 746
Hiatella arctica .................................................................................................................................... 748
Laternula marilina ............................................................................................................................... 750
Limnoperna fortunei ............................................................................................................................ 752
Limnoperna securis.............................................................................................................................. 754
Lioconcha fastigiata ............................................................................................................................ 756
Lyrodus affinis ..................................................................................................................................... 758
Lyrodus pedicellatus ............................................................................................................................ 760
Lyrodus takanoshimensis ..................................................................................................................... 762
Macoma petalum ................................................................................................................................. 764
Martesia striata ................................................................................................................................... 766
Mercenaria mercenaria ....................................................................................................................... 768
Meretrix petechialis ............................................................................................................................. 770
Musculista senhousia ........................................................................................................................... 772
Mya arenaria ....................................................................................................................................... 774
Mytilopsis leucophaeata ...................................................................................................................... 776
Mytilopsis sallei ................................................................................................................................... 778
Mytilus galloprovincialis ..................................................................................................................... 780
Neotrapezium liratum .......................................................................................................................... 782
Nuttallia obscurata .............................................................................................................................. 784
Ostrea edulis ........................................................................................................................................ 786
Ostrea lurida ........................................................................................................................................ 788
Panopea generosa ............................................................................................................................... 790
Patinopecten yessoensis ....................................................................................................................... 792
Pecten maximus ................................................................................................................................... 794
xii

Perna viridis ........................................................................................................................................ 796
Petricola lithophaga ............................................................................................................................ 798
Petricolaria pholadiformis .................................................................................................................. 800
Phacosoma gibba ................................................................................................................................. 802
Potamocorbula laevis .......................................................................................................................... 804
Saccostrea cucullata ............................................................................................................................ 806
Sphenia coreanica ............................................................................................................................... 808
Spisula solidissima ............................................................................................................................... 810
Teredo bartschi .................................................................................................................................... 812
Teredo clappi ....................................................................................................................................... 814
Teredo fulleri ....................................................................................................................................... 816
Teredo furcifera ................................................................................................................................... 818
Teredo navalis ..................................................................................................................................... 820
Theora lubrica ..................................................................................................................................... 822
Venerupis philippinarum ..................................................................................................................... 824
Class: Gastropoda .......................................................................................................................... 826
Alderia modesta ................................................................................................................................... 828
Amphithalamus inclusus ...................................................................................................................... 830
Assiminea parasitologica ..................................................................................................................... 832
Babakina festiva ................................................................................................................................... 834
Batillaria attramentaria ....................................................................................................................... 836
Boonea cincta ...................................................................................................................................... 838
Bostrycapulus calyptraeiformis ........................................................................................................... 840
Busycotypus canaliculatus ................................................................................................................... 842
Caloria indica ...................................................................................................................................... 844
Catriona rickettsi ................................................................................................................................. 846
Cecina manchurica .............................................................................................................................. 848
Chrysallida trachis .............................................................................................................................. 850
Crepidula convexa ............................................................................................................................... 852
Crepidula fornicata.............................................................................................................................. 854
Crepidula onyx ..................................................................................................................................... 856
Crepidula plana ................................................................................................................................... 858
Crucibulum spinosum .......................................................................................................................... 860
Cuthona columbiana ............................................................................................................................ 862
Cuthona perca ..................................................................................................................................... 864
Diodora rueppellii ............................................................................................................................... 866
Evalea cf. americana ........................................................................................................................... 868
Folinella navisa ................................................................................................................................... 870
Haliotis fulgens .................................................................................................................................... 872
Haliotis iris .......................................................................................................................................... 874
Haliotis kamtschatkana ........................................................................................................................ 876
Haliotis laevigata ................................................................................................................................. 878
Haliotis rufescens ................................................................................................................................ 880
Haliotis tuberculata ............................................................................................................................. 882
Haminoea japonica .............................................................................................................................. 884
Ilyanassa obsoleta ............................................................................................................................... 886
Iolaea eucosmia ................................................................................................................................... 888
Laguncula pulchella ............................................................................................................................ 890
xiii

Littoridinops monroensis ..................................................................................................................... 892
Littorina littorea .................................................................................................................................. 894
Littorina saxatilis ................................................................................................................................. 896
Melanoides tuberculata ....................................................................................................................... 898
Myosotella myosotis ............................................................................................................................. 900
Nassarius fraterculus ........................................................................................................................... 902
Nassarius sinarus ................................................................................................................................. 904
Ocenebra inornata ............................................................................................................................... 906
Odetta bisuturalis ................................................................................................................................ 908
Okenia eolida ....................................................................................................................................... 910
Okenia pellucida .................................................................................................................................. 912
Peristichia pedroana............................................................................................................................ 914
Philine auriformis ................................................................................................................................ 916
Philine orientalis ................................................................................................................................. 918
Phyllodesmium poindimiei ................................................................................................................... 920
Potamopyrgus antipodarum ................................................................................................................ 922
Pyrgophorus coronatus ........................................................................................................................ 924
Sakuraeolis enosimensis ...................................................................................................................... 926
Stenothyra sp. (Tamaki et al., 2002) .................................................................................................... 928
Tarebia granifera ................................................................................................................................. 930
Tenellia adspersa ................................................................................................................................. 932
Thylaeodus sp. (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009) ..................................................................................... 934
Umbonium thomasi .............................................................................................................................. 936
Urosalpinx cinerea .............................................................................................................................. 938
Vermetus alii ........................................................................................................................................ 940
Arthropoda ............................................................................................................................ 942
Subphylum: Crustacea - Class: Malacostraca ............................................................................. 942
Superorder: Leptostraca ............................................................................................................ 942
Nebalia sp. (Cohen and Carlton, 1995) ............................................................................................... 944
Superorder: Peracarida .............................................................................................................. 946
Order: Amphipoda ................................................................................................................. 946
Ampelisca abdita ................................................................................................................................. 948
Ampithoe lacertosa .............................................................................................................................. 950
Ampithoe longimana ............................................................................................................................ 952
Ampithoe sp. (Cohen and Carlton, 1995) ............................................................................................ 954
Ampithoe valida ................................................................................................................................... 956
Aoroides secundus ............................................................................................................................... 958
Caprella danilevskii ............................................................................................................................. 960
Caprella drepanochir .......................................................................................................................... 962
Caprella equilibra ............................................................................................................................... 964
Caprella mutica ................................................................................................................................... 966
Caprella penantis ................................................................................................................................. 968
Caprella scaura ................................................................................................................................... 970
Caprella simia ..................................................................................................................................... 972
Centromedon pumilus .......................................................................................................................... 974
Cheiriphotis megacheles ...................................................................................................................... 976
Chelura terebrans ................................................................................................................................ 978
xiv

Corophium alienense ........................................................................................................................... 980
Corophium heteroceratum ................................................................................................................... 982
Elasmopus rapax ................................................................................................................................. 984
Eochelidium sp. A (Chapman, 2007) ................................................................................................... 986
Ericthonius brasiliensis ....................................................................................................................... 988
Gammarus daiberi ............................................................................................................................... 990
Gammarus mucronatus ........................................................................................................................ 992
Grandidierella bispinosa ..................................................................................................................... 994
Grandidierella japonica ...................................................................................................................... 996
Incisocalliope derzhavini ..................................................................................................................... 998
Jassa falcata ...................................................................................................................................... 1000
Jassa marmorata ............................................................................................................................... 1002
Jassa slatteryi .................................................................................................................................... 1004
Laticorophium baconi ........................................................................................................................ 1006
Leucothoe micronesiae ...................................................................................................................... 1008
Leucothoe spinicarpa Cmplx ............................................................................................................. 1010
Liljeborgia sp. (Cohen et al., 2002) ................................................................................................... 1012
Melita nitida....................................................................................................................................... 1014
Melita rylovae .................................................................................................................................... 1016
Metopella sp. (Cohen et al., 2002) ..................................................................................................... 1018
Microdeutopus gryllotalpa ................................................................................................................ 1020
Microjassa sp. (deRivera et al., 2007) ............................................................................................... 1022
Monocorophium acherusicum ........................................................................................................... 1024
Monocorophium insidiosum .............................................................................................................. 1026
Monocorophium uenoi ....................................................................................................................... 1028
Paracaprella pusilla .......................................................................................................................... 1030
Paracorophium sp. (Chapman, 2007)................................................................................................ 1032
Paradexamine sp. (Chapman, 2007).................................................................................................. 1034
Paraleucothoe sp. (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009) .............................................................................. 1036
Podocerus brasiliensis ....................................................................................................................... 1038
Stenothoe gallensis ............................................................................................................................ 1040
Stenothoe valida ................................................................................................................................. 1042
Transorchestia enigmatica ................................................................................................................ 1044
Tropichelura insulae .......................................................................................................................... 1046
Order: Cumacea .................................................................................................................... 1048
Nannastacus sp. (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009) ................................................................................. 1050
Nippoleucon hinumensis .................................................................................................................... 1052
Scherocumella sp. (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009) .............................................................................. 1054
Order: Isopoda ...................................................................................................................... 1056
Alloniscus oahuensis .......................................................................................................................... 1058
Armandilloniscus ellipticus ................................................................................................................ 1060
Boreosignum wilsoni.......................................................................................................................... 1062
Buchnerillo sp. (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009) .................................................................................. 1064
Caecijaera horvathi ........................................................................................................................... 1066
Dynoides dentisinus ........................................................................................................................... 1068
Eurylana arcuata ............................................................................................................................... 1070
Exosphaeroma sp. (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009) ............................................................................. 1072
Gnorimosphaeroma rayi .................................................................................................................... 1074
xv

Halophiloscia couchii ........................................................................................................................ 1076
Iais californica ................................................................................................................................... 1078
Ligia exotica ...................................................................................................................................... 1080
Limnoria quadripunctata ................................................................................................................... 1082
Limnoria tripunctata .......................................................................................................................... 1084
Littorophiloscia culebrae ................................................................................................................... 1086
Mesanthura sp. (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009) .................................................................................. 1088
Munna sp. A (Cohen and Carlton, 1995) ........................................................................................... 1090
Niambia capensis ............................................................................................................................... 1092
Olibrinus truncatus ............................................................................................................................ 1094
Orthione griffenis ............................................................................................................................... 1096
Paracerceis sculpta............................................................................................................................ 1098
Paradella dianae ............................................................................................................................... 1100
Paralimnoria andrewsi ...................................................................................................................... 1102
Paranthura japonica .......................................................................................................................... 1104
Pistorius bidens ................................................................................................................................. 1106
Platyarthrus aiasensis........................................................................................................................ 1108
Porcellio dilatatus ............................................................................................................................. 1110
Porcellio laevis .................................................................................................................................. 1112
Porcellio lamellatus ........................................................................................................................... 1114
Porcellio scaber ................................................................................................................................. 1116
Pseudosphaeroma sp. (Bruce and Wetzer, 2008) .............................................................................. 1118
Sphaeroma quoianum ........................................................................................................................ 1120
Sphaeroma walkeri ............................................................................................................................ 1122
Synidotea laevidorsalis ...................................................................................................................... 1124
Order: Mysida ....................................................................................................................... 1126
Deltamysis holmquistae ..................................................................................................................... 1128
Holmesimysis costata ......................................................................................................................... 1130
Hyperacanthomysis longirostris ........................................................................................................ 1132
Neomysis japonica ............................................................................................................................. 1134
Orientomysis aspera .......................................................................................................................... 1136
Orientomysis hwanhaiensis ............................................................................................................... 1138
Order: Tanaidacea ................................................................................................................ 1140
Apseudes sp. (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009) ...................................................................................... 1142
Parapseudes pedispinis ...................................................................................................................... 1144
Sinelobus stanfordi Cmplx ................................................................................................................. 1146
Superorder: Eucarida ............................................................................................................... 1148
Order: Decapoda ................................................................................................................... 1148
Acantholobulus pacificus ................................................................................................................... 1150
Callinectes sapidus ............................................................................................................................ 1152
Carcinus aestuarii ............................................................................................................................. 1154
Carcinus maenas ............................................................................................................................... 1156
Deiratonotus cristatum ...................................................................................................................... 1158
Eriocheir sinensis .............................................................................................................................. 1160
Exopalaemon carinicauda ................................................................................................................. 1162
Fenneropenaeus chinensis ................................................................................................................. 1164
Fenneropenaeus merguiensis............................................................................................................. 1166
Glabropilumnus seminudus ............................................................................................................... 1168
xvi

Homarus americanus ......................................................................................................................... 1170
Homarus gammarus ........................................................................................................................... 1172
Hyastenus spinosus ............................................................................................................................ 1174
Litopenaeus stylirostris ...................................................................................................................... 1176
Litopenaeus vannamei ....................................................................................................................... 1178
Macrobrachium lar ............................................................................................................................ 1180
Macrobrachium rosenbergii .............................................................................................................. 1182
Marsupenaeus japonicus ................................................................................................................... 1184
Metacarcinus magister ...................................................................................................................... 1186
Metadromia wilsoni ........................................................................................................................... 1188
Metopograpsus oceanicus .................................................................................................................. 1190
Nanosesarma minutum ...................................................................................................................... 1192
Pachygrapsus fakaravensis ................................................................................................................ 1194
Palaemon macrodactylus ................................................................................................................... 1196
Panopeus lacustris ............................................................................................................................. 1198
Pilumnus oahuensis ........................................................................................................................... 1200
Pyromaia tuberculata ........................................................................................................................ 1202
Rhithropanopeus harrisii ................................................................................................................... 1204
Scylla serrata ..................................................................................................................................... 1206
Subclass: Hoplocarida .............................................................................................................. 1208
Order: Stomatopoda ............................................................................................................. 1208
Gonodactylaceus falcatus .................................................................................................................. 1210
Class: Maxillopoda .................................................................................................................... 1212
Subclass: Copepoda .............................................................................................................. 1212
Acartiella sinensis .............................................................................................................................. 1214
Caligus sclerotinosus ......................................................................................................................... 1216
Enhydrosoma lacunae........................................................................................................................ 1218
Eurytemora affinis Cmplx .................................................................................................................. 1220
Harpacticella paradoxa ..................................................................................................................... 1222
Limnoithona sinensis ......................................................................................................................... 1224
Limnoithona tetraspina ...................................................................................................................... 1226
Mytilicola orientalis ........................................................................................................................... 1228
Neotachidius triangularis .................................................................................................................. 1230
Oithona davisae ................................................................................................................................. 1232
Pachypygus gibber ............................................................................................................................. 1234
Psammopsyllus stri ............................................................................................................................ 1236
Pseudodiaptomus forbesi ................................................................................................................... 1238
Pseudodiaptomus inopinus ................................................................................................................ 1240
Pseudodiaptomus marinus ................................................................................................................. 1242
Pseudomyicola spinosus .................................................................................................................... 1244
Sarsamphiascus parvus ...................................................................................................................... 1246
Sinocalanus doerrii ............................................................................................................................ 1248
Stephos pacificus ............................................................................................................................... 1250
Stephos sp. (Ruiz et al. 2000) ............................................................................................................. 1252
Teredicola typica ............................................................................................................................... 1254
Tortanus dextrilobatus ....................................................................................................................... 1256
Subclass: Thecostraca (Barnacles) ...................................................................................... 1258
xvii

Amphibalanus amphitrite ................................................................................................................... 1260
Amphibalanus eburneus ..................................................................................................................... 1262
Amphibalanus improvisus .................................................................................................................. 1264
Amphibalanus reticulatus .................................................................................................................. 1266
Amphibalanus subalbidus .................................................................................................................. 1268
Amphibalanus variegatus .................................................................................................................. 1270
Amphibalanus venustus ...................................................................................................................... 1272
Amphibalanus zhujiangensis .............................................................................................................. 1274
Balanus glandula ............................................................................................................................... 1276
Balanus perforatus ............................................................................................................................. 1278
Chthamalus proteus ........................................................................................................................... 1280
Megabalanus coccopoma .................................................................................................................. 1282
Megabalanus tintinnabulum .............................................................................................................. 1284
Megabalanus zebra ............................................................................................................................ 1286
Class: Ostracoda ....................................................................................................................... 1288
Aspidoconcha limnoriae .................................................................................................................... 1290
Eusarsiella zostericola ....................................................................................................................... 1292
Redekea californica ........................................................................................................................... 1294
Spinileberis quadriaculeata ............................................................................................................... 1296
Subphylum: Chelicerata .............................................................................................................. 1298
Class: Pycnogonida ................................................................................................................... 1298
Ammothella pacifica .......................................................................................................................... 1300
Anoplodactylus arescus ..................................................................................................................... 1302
Anoplodactylus californicus............................................................................................................... 1304
Anoplodactylus digitatus .................................................................................................................... 1306
Anoplodactylus erectus ...................................................................................................................... 1308
Anoplodactylus marshallensis ........................................................................................................... 1310
Anoplodactylus pycnosoma ................................................................................................................ 1312
Endeis biseriata ................................................................................................................................. 1314
Endeis nodosa .................................................................................................................................... 1316
Endeis procera ................................................................................................................................... 1318
Pigrogromitus timsanus ..................................................................................................................... 1320
Tanystylum rehderi ............................................................................................................................ 1322
Subphylum: Hexapoda................................................................................................................. 1324
Class: Insecta ............................................................................................................................. 1324
Anisolabis maritima ........................................................................................................................... 1326
Atrichopogon jacobsoni ..................................................................................................................... 1328
Atrichopogon sp. (Carlton & Eldredge, 2009) .................................................................................. 1330
Brachydeutera ibari ........................................................................................................................... 1332
Canaceoides angulatus ...................................................................................................................... 1334
Cercyon fimbriatum ........................................................................................................................... 1336
Ceropsilopa coquilletti ...................................................................................................................... 1338
Clasiopella uncinata .......................................................................................................................... 1340
Cricotopus bicinctus .......................................................................................................................... 1342
Crocothemis servilia .......................................................................................................................... 1344
Cyclodinus mundulus ......................................................................................................................... 1346
Dolichopus exsul ................................................................................................................................ 1348
xviii

Donaceus nigronotatus ...................................................................................................................... 1350
Enallagma civile ................................................................................................................................ 1352
Enochrus sayi..................................................................................................................................... 1354
Ephydra gracilis ................................................................................................................................ 1356
Ephydra millbrae ............................................................................................................................... 1358
Goeldichironomus holoprasinus ........................................................................................................ 1360
Hecamede granifera .......................................................................................................................... 1362
Hostis guamensis ............................................................................................................................... 1364
Ischnura ramburii .............................................................................................................................. 1366
Kleidotoma bryani ............................................................................................................................. 1368
Medetera grisescens .......................................................................................................................... 1370
Mesovelia amoena ............................................................................................................................. 1372
Mesovelia mulsanti ............................................................................................................................ 1374
Micracanthia humilis ......................................................................................................................... 1376
Mosillus tibialis ................................................................................................................................. 1378
Orasiopa mera ................................................................................................................................... 1380
Parathroscinus murphyi .................................................................................................................... 1382
Paratissa pollinosa ............................................................................................................................ 1384
Placopsidella marquesana ................................................................................................................. 1386
Procanace williamsi .......................................................................................................................... 1388
Prokelisia marginata ......................................................................................................................... 1390
Pselactus spadix ................................................................................................................................. 1392
Psilopa girschneri .............................................................................................................................. 1394
Psychoda salicornia ........................................................................................................................... 1396
Scatella stagnalis ............................................................................................................................... 1398
Syntormon flexible ............................................................................................................................. 1400
Telmatogeton japonicus ..................................................................................................................... 1402
Tethina willistoni ............................................................................................................................... 1404
Thambemyia borealis ......................................................................................................................... 1406
Tramea lacerata ................................................................................................................................. 1408
Trichocorixa reticulata ...................................................................................................................... 1410
Trigonotylus uhleri ............................................................................................................................ 1412
Tropisternus salsamentus .................................................................................................................. 1414
Echinodermata .................................................................................................................... 1416
Subphylum: Asterozoa (sea stars and brittle stars) .................................................................. 1416
Ophiactis savignyi ............................................................................................................................. 1418
Strongylocentrotus intermedius ......................................................................................................... 1420
Chordata .............................................................................................................................. 1422
Subphylum: Tunicata (Sea squirts) ............................................................................................ 1422
Ascidia archaia .................................................................................................................................. 1424
Ascidia sp. (Lambert and Lambert, 1998) ......................................................................................... 1426
Ascidia species A (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009) ............................................................................... 1428
Ascidia species B (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009) ............................................................................... 1430
Ascidia sydneiensis ............................................................................................................................ 1432
Ascidia zara ....................................................................................................................................... 1434
Ascidiella aspersa .............................................................................................................................. 1436
Bostrichobranchus pilularis .............................................................................................................. 1438
xix

Botrylloides diegensis ........................................................................................................................ 1440
Botrylloides perspicuus ...................................................................................................................... 1442
Botrylloides simodensis ..................................................................................................................... 1444
Botrylloides sp. (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009) .................................................................................. 1446
Botrylloides sp. A Lambert (CANOD, 2009) ..................................................................................... 1448
Botrylloides violaceus ........................................................................................................................ 1450
Botryllus schlosseri ............................................................................................................................ 1452
Botryllus sp. (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009) ....................................................................................... 1454
Botryllus sp. A Lambert (CANOD, 2009) .......................................................................................... 1456
Ciona intestinalis ............................................................................................................................... 1458
Ciona savignyi ................................................................................................................................... 1460
Cnemidocarpa irene .......................................................................................................................... 1462
Corella minuta ................................................................................................................................... 1464
Didemnum candidum Cmplx .............................................................................................................. 1466
Didemnum perlucidum ....................................................................................................................... 1468
Didemnum psammatode ..................................................................................................................... 1470
Didemnum vexillum ........................................................................................................................... 1472
Diplosoma listerianum ....................................................................................................................... 1474
Ecteinascidia imperfecta .................................................................................................................... 1476
Eusynstyela hartmeyeri ...................................................................................................................... 1478
Halocynthia roretzi ............................................................................................................................ 1480
Herdmania mauritiana ...................................................................................................................... 1482
Herdmania momus ............................................................................................................................. 1484
Herdmania pallida ............................................................................................................................. 1486
Lissoclinum fragile ............................................................................................................................ 1488
Microcosmus exasperatus .................................................................................................................. 1490
Microcosmus squamiger .................................................................................................................... 1492
Molgula ficus ..................................................................................................................................... 1494
Molgula manhattensis ........................................................................................................................ 1496
Perophora japonica ........................................................................................................................... 1498
Phallusia nigra .................................................................................................................................. 1500
Polyandrocarpa sagamiensis ............................................................................................................. 1502
Polyandrocarpa zorritensis ............................................................................................................... 1504
Polyclinum constellatum .................................................................................................................... 1506
Styela canopus ................................................................................................................................... 1508
Styela clava ........................................................................................................................................ 1510
Styela plicata ..................................................................................................................................... 1512
Symplegma brakenhielmi ................................................................................................................... 1514
Symplegma reptans ............................................................................................................................ 1516
Symplegma sp. (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009) ................................................................................... 1518
Subphylum: Vertebrata ............................................................................................................... 1520
Class: Actinopterygii (Ray-finned fish) ................................................................................... 1520
Abudefduf vaigiensis .......................................................................................................................... 1522
Acanthogobius flavimanus ................................................................................................................. 1524
Acanthorhodeus macropterus ............................................................................................................ 1526
Acipenser gueldenstaedtii .................................................................................................................. 1528
Acipenser nudiventris ........................................................................................................................ 1530
Acipenser sinensis .............................................................................................................................. 1532
xx

Acipenser sturio ................................................................................................................................. 1534
Alosa sapidissima .............................................................................................................................. 1536
Ameiurus melas .................................................................................................................................. 1538
Anguilla anguilla ............................................................................................................................... 1540
Anguilla australis ............................................................................................................................... 1542
Anguilla marmorata ........................................................................................................................... 1544
Anguilla rostrata ................................................................................................................................ 1546
Centropyge flavissima........................................................................................................................ 1548
Cephalopholis argus .......................................................................................................................... 1550
Chrysiptera taupou ............................................................................................................................ 1552
Clarias batrachus .............................................................................................................................. 1554
Cynoscion nebulosus.......................................................................................................................... 1556
Cyprinus carpio ................................................................................................................................. 1558
Dorosoma petenense .......................................................................................................................... 1560
Favonigobius sp. (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009) ............................................................................... 1562
Fundulus diaphanus ........................................................................................................................... 1564
Gambusia affinis ................................................................................................................................ 1566
Herklotsichthys quadrimaculatus ...................................................................................................... 1568
Hypomesus nipponensis ..................................................................................................................... 1570
Ictalurus furcatus ............................................................................................................................... 1572
Ictalurus punctatus ............................................................................................................................ 1574
Lateolabrax sp. (Yokogawa and Seki, 1995) ...................................................................................... 1576
Lates calcarifer .................................................................................................................................. 1578
Limia vittata ....................................................................................................................................... 1580
Lucania parva .................................................................................................................................... 1582
Lutjanus fulvus ................................................................................................................................... 1584
Lutjanus gibbus .................................................................................................................................. 1586
Lutjanus kasmira ............................................................................................................................... 1588
Menidia beryllina ............................................................................................................................... 1590
Morone saxatilis ................................................................................................................................ 1592
Mugilogobius cavifrons ..................................................................................................................... 1594
Odontesthes bonariensis .................................................................................................................... 1596
Omobranchus ferox............................................................................................................................ 1598
Omobranchus rotundiceps ................................................................................................................. 1600
Oncorhynchus kisutch ........................................................................................................................ 1602
Oncorhynchus mykiss ........................................................................................................................ 1604
Oreochromis aureus .......................................................................................................................... 1606
Oreochromis mossambicus ................................................................................................................ 1608
Oreochromis niloticus........................................................................................................................ 1610
Parablennius thysanius ...................................................................................................................... 1612
Paralichthys dentatus ........................................................................................................................ 1614
Paralichthys lethostigma ................................................................................................................... 1616
Parambassis ranga ............................................................................................................................ 1618
Perca flavescens ................................................................................................................................ 1620
Poecilia latipinna ............................................................................................................................... 1622
Poecilia mexicana .............................................................................................................................. 1624
Poecilia reticulata ............................................................................................................................. 1626
Psetta maxima .................................................................................................................................... 1628
Salmo salar ........................................................................................................................................ 1630
xxi

Salmo trutta ....................................................................................................................................... 1632
Salvelinus fontinalis ........................................................................................................................... 1634
Sardinella marquesensis .................................................................................................................... 1636
Sarotherodon melanotheron .............................................................................................................. 1638
Sciaenops ocellatus ............................................................................................................................ 1640
Takifugu rubripes ............................................................................................................................... 1642
Tridentiger barbatus .......................................................................................................................... 1644
Tridentiger bifasciatus ....................................................................................................................... 1646
Tridentiger trigonocephalus .............................................................................................................. 1648
Upeneus vittatus ................................................................................................................................. 1650
Valamugil engeli ................................................................................................................................ 1652
References ................................................................................................................................ 1654
Species Citation List from Master Classifications ............................................................... 1778
xxii

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Map of the region divisions added to the Marine Ecoregions Of the World ................ 15
Figure 2: Twenty-three MEOW ecoregions analyzed .................................................................. 16
Figure 3: Maps in geographic projection of the Arctic region...................................................... 17
Figure 4: Alternate map in a polar stereographic projection of the Arctic region ........................ 18
Figure 5: Map of the Northwest Pacific region of the modified MEOW schema. ....................... 19
Figure 6: Map of the Central Indo-Pacific region of the modified MEOW schema. ................... 20
Figure 7: Map of the Eastern Indo-Pacific region of the modified MEOW schema. ................... 21
Figure 8: Map of the Northeast Pacific region of the modified MEOW schema. ........................ 22
Figure 9: Map of the Tropical Eastern Pacific region of the modified MEOW schema. ............. 23
Figure 10: Map of the Southeast Pacific region of the modified MEOW schema. ...................... 24
Figure 11: Map of the Magellanic region of the modified MEOW schema. ................................ 25
Figure 12: Map of the Southwest Atlantic region of the modified MEOW schema. ................... 26
Figure 13: Map of the West Tropical Atlantic region of the modified MEOW schema. ............. 27
Figure 14: Map of the Northwest Atlantic region of the modified MEOW schema. ................... 28
Figure 15: Map of the Northeast Atlantic region of the modified MEOW schema. .................... 29
Figure 16: Map of the Mediterranean Sea region of the modified MEOW schema. .................... 30
Figure 17: Map of the Ponto-Caspian region of the modified MEOW schema. .......................... 31
Figure 18: Map of the East Tropical Atlantic region of the modified MEOW schema. ............... 32
Figure 19: Map of the South Africa region of the modified MEOW schema. ............................. 33
Figure 20: Map of the Indian Ocean region of the modified MEOW schema. ............................ 34
Figure 21: Map of the Southern Australia and New Zealand region ............................................ 35
Figure 22: Map of the Antarctica region of the modified MEOW schema. ................................. 36
Figure 23: Alternate map in polar stereographic projection of the Antarctica region .................. 37
Figure 24: Number of reported nonindigenous species by MEOW ecoregion. ............................ 38
Figure 25: Total Number of nonindigenous species in the North Pacific region and South China
by taxa. .......................................................................................................................................... 39
Figure 26: Total number of nonindigenous species by region. ..................................................... 40
Figure 27: Ciliophora: Total number of nonindigenous Ciliophora ............................................. 40
Figure 28: Macroalgae: Number of nonindigenous Macroalgae .................................................. 40
Figure 29: Class Phaeophyceae: Number of nonindigenous Phaeophyceae ................................ 40
Figure 30: Phylum Biliphyta–Rhodophyta: Number of nonindigenous Rhodophyta .................. 41
Figure 31: Phylum Viridaeplantae–Chlorophyta: Number of nonindigenous Chlorophyta ......... 41
Figure 32: Phylum Magnoliophyta: Number of nonindigenous Magnoliophyta.......................... 41
Figure 33: Phylum Porifera: Number of nonindigenous Porifera ................................................. 41
Figure 34: Phylum Platyhelminthes: Number of nonindigenous Platyhelminthes ....................... 42
Figure 35: Phylum Cnidaria: Number of nonindigenous Cnidaria ............................................... 42
Figure 36: Cnidaria–Anthozoa: Number of nonindigenous Anthozoa ......................................... 42
Figure 37: Cnidaria–Hydrozoa: Number of nonindigenous Hydrozoa ......................................... 42
Figure 38: Cnidaria–Scyphozoa: Number of nonindigenous Scyphozoa ..................................... 43
Figure 39: Phylum Bryozoa: Number of nonindigenous Bryozoa ............................................... 43
Figure 40: Phylum Annelida: Number of nonindigenous Annelida ............................................. 43
Figure 41: Annelida–Clitellata: Number of nonindigenous Clitellata .......................................... 43
Figure 42: Annelida–Polychaeta: Number of nonindigenous Polychaeta .................................... 44
Figure 43: Phylum Mollusca: Number of nonindigenous Mollusca ............................................. 44
Figure 44: Phylum Mollusca–Bivalvia: Number of nonindigenous Bivalvia .............................. 44
xxiii

Figure 45: Mollusca–Gastropoda: Number of nonindigenous Gastropoda .................................. 44
Figure 46: Phylum Arthropoda: Number of nonindigenous Arthropoda...................................... 45
Figure 47: Arthropoda–Amphipoda: Number of nonindigenous Amphipoda .............................. 45
Figure 48: Arthropoda–Isopoda: Number of nonindigenous Isopoda .......................................... 45
Figure 49: Arthropoda–Mysida: Number of nonindigenous Mysida ........................................... 45
Figure 50: Arthropoda–Decapoda: Number of nonindigenous Decapoda ................................... 46
Figure 51: Arthropoda–Copepoda: Number of nonindigenous Copepoda ................................... 46
Figure 52: Arthropoda–Cirripedia: Number of nonindigenous Cirripedia ................................... 46
Figure 53: Arthropoda–Pycnogonida: Number of nonindigenous Pycnogonida .......................... 46
Figure 54: Arthropoda–Insecta: Number of nonindigenous Insecta ............................................. 47
Figure 55: Phylum Chordata: Number of nonindigenous Chordata ............................................. 47
Figure 56: Chordata–Tunicata: Number of nonindigenous Tunicata ........................................... 47
Figure 57: Chordata–Actinopterygii: Number of nonindigenous Actinopterygii ........................ 47
Figure 58: Number of other nonindigenous species ..................................................................... 48
Figure 59: Relative percent of foulers to non-fouling invaders in each ecoregion. ...................... 48
Figure 60: Percent of the total number of nonindigenous species within the NWP, Hawaii, and
NEP that were potentially transported by each of the six most important vectors. ...................... 48
Figure 61: First page of the key to the species profiles ................................................................ 49
Figure 62: Second page of the key to the species profiles. ........................................................... 50
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Tables associated with attributes in the species profiles and list of abbreviations used in
the key to the species profiles ....................................................................................................... 51
Table 2: Definitions of terms for primary vectors of invasion. .................................................... 54
Table 3: Definitions for the regime categories. ............................................................................ 56
Table 4: Definitions for the ecosystem categories. ....................................................................... 57
Table 5: Definitions for the depth categories for benthic and pelagic habitats. ........................... 61
Table 6: Definitions for substrate categories. ............................................................................... 62
Table 7: Definitions for the salinity classes. ................................................................................. 65
Table 8: Definitions for the trophic modes. .................................................................................. 66
Table 9: Definitions for the terms describing various reproductive strategies. ............................ 68
Table 10: Definitions for early development mechanisms. .......................................................... 70
Table 11: Definitions for juvenile development and dispersal. .................................................... 70
Table 12: Definitions of habitat types. .......................................................................................... 72
xxiv

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Marine and estuarine nonindigenous species (NIS) are found across the world’s oceans, and
designing effective management strategies to mitigate this economic, ecological and human
health threat requires a basic understanding of the existing invasion patterns at regional to global
scales. However, to date, syntheses at ocean basin scales have essentially been nonexistent. To
fill the gap for the North Pacific, we synthesized the distributions, invasion history,
environmental tolerances, and natural history of the near-coastal nonindigenous species (NIS)
reported from the member countries of the North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES;
United States, Canada, China, Republic of Korea, Japan, and Russia). The hierarchical “Marine
Ecoregions of the World” (MEOW) biogeographic schema was used as the framework for
assessing species’ distributions, with the modification that we added a “region” level to
differentiate eastern and western sides of oceans. The two North Pacific regions are the
Northeast Pacific (NEP), which extends from the Gulf of California to the Aleutian Islands, and
the Northwest Pacific (NWP), which extends from the East China Sea to the Kamchatka Shelf.
To have complete coverage of the United States, we included the MEOW Hawaii Ecoregion as a
separate reporting unit. To have complete coverage of Japan and China, we combined five
MEOW ecoregions in southern China and Japan into the North Central-Indo Pacific (NCIP)
Region. The various types of information were synthesized in a Microsoft Access database, the
“PICES Nonindigenous Species Information System”, which is further described in the “User’s
Guide and Metadata for the PICES Nonindigenous Species Information System” (Lee et al.,
2012). The PICES database was then used to generate two-page “species profiles” that map the
native and introduced distributions of each species and provide a standardized summary of its
invasion history, environmental tolerances, and natural history. These species profiles form the
bulk of the “Atlas of Nonindigenous Marine and Estuarine Species in the North Pacific”.
A total of 747 near-coastal nonindigenous species were identified in the PICES countries, with
four phyla (Arthropoda, Chordata, Mollusca, and Annelida) constituting more than 70% of these
invaders. The NEP and Hawaii have similar numbers of reported nonindigenous species, 368 and
347, respectively. In comparison, the NWP has about 60% of the number of reported NIS, 208.
The NCIP contains only 73 NIS, though there is limited information for these ecoregions. When
evaluated at an individual MEOW ecoregion scale, the Hawaii Ecoregion was the most invaded
with 347 invaders, followed by the Northern California Ecoregion, which includes the San
Francisco Estuary, with 287 NIS. The most invaded ecoregion in the NWP was the Central
Kuroshio Current Ecoregion, which includes Tokyo Bay, with 87 reported NIS. Eight potential
reasons for this geographical discrepancy in the extent of invasion were considered. The two
most important appear to be: 1) the milder temperature regimes in the NEP and Hawaii are more
conducive for NWP species to invade the NEP and Hawaii than the reverse and 2) there has been
a greater search effort for NIS in Hawaii and the NEP at least for certain taxonomic groups.
In terms of how the NIS were transported, hull fouling was potentially the most important vector
in the NEP, NWP, and Hawaii, with ballast water discharges the second most important in all
three regions. Intentional stocking and aquaculture escapees were relatively more important in
the NWP than the NEP or Hawaii, reflecting the extensive aquaculture in Asia. Aquaculture
associated species (i.e., aquaculture hitchhikers) was relatively important in the NEP, reflecting
the historical influx of invaders with the importation of Atlantic and Pacific oysters.
xxv

INTRODUCTION
Overview
Marine and estuarine nonindigenous species (NIS) are a global issue, with nonindigenous species
found in every ocean of the world. Effectively addressing such a global threat requires
knowledge across multiple spatial scales and topics, ranging from knowledge of the habitat
preferences of an invader to the global distributions of potential invaders as input into risk
assessments. Over the last several decades, considerable progress has been made in
understanding the number and biogeographic distribution of marine/estuarine nonindigenous
species on the Pacific Coast of the United States and Canada, from Carlton’s omnibus doctoral
dissertation on the San Francisco Estuary (Carlton, 1979) to the formation of the Canadian
Aquatic Invasive Species Network (CAISN, http://www.caisn.ca/en/) and a monograph of
invaders in Hawaii (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009). Although the extent of earlier research does
not appear to be as extensive in Asian countries, a number of recent studies indicate a growing
recognition of the economic, health and environmental threat of near-coastal invaders (e.g.,
Iwasaki, 2006, Otani, 2006; Seo and Lee, 2008; Chavanich et al., 2010; Doi et al., 2011;
Zvyagintsev et al., 2011). While these and many other studies provide critical information for
specific species, locations, or countries, what has been lacking is a comprehensive analysis of
near-coastal invaders at the North Pacific scale.
To generate the baseline information needed to manage nonindigenous species in the North
Pacific, we initiated a synthesis of the distributions, invasion history, environmental tolerances,
and natural history of the near-coastal nonindigenous species reported from the member
countries of the North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES; United States, Canada,
China, Republic of Korea, Japan, and Russia). Information was synthesized from a variety of
sources written in multiple languages, including input from PICES scientists, peer-reviewed
literature, agency reports, and web sites. This diverse information was synthesized in a Microsoft
Access database, the “PICES Nonindigenous Species Information System” (hereafter referred to
as the PICES database) designed for Access 2003 and 2007 running under Windows XP and
Windows Vista operating systems (32 bit only). The PICES database was used to generate this
document, the “Atlas of Nonindigenous Marine and Estuarine Species in the North Pacific”
(hereafter referred to as the Atlas). A companion document, “User’s Guide and Metadata for the
PICES Nonindigenous Species Information System” (Lee et al., 2012), provides instruction on
how to use the PICES database and detailed definitions for all classifications used in the
database.
The “Marine Ecoregions of the World” (MEOW) biogeographic schema (Spalding et al., 2007)
was used as the framework for assessing and mapping species’ distributions (Figures 1-23).
Based on the MEOW framework, the spatial patterns of invasion of the total number of invaders
(Figures 24 and 26) and of individual taxonomic groups (Figures 25 and 27 to 58) were
evaluated. We then conducted a preliminary analysis on the potential reasons for geographical
differences in the extent of invasion by evaluating the extent of invasion of foulers versus nonfoulers
(Figure 59) and on the likely vectors (Figure 60) by which the NIS were introduced into
each of the major regions. The remainder of the Atlas consists of “species profiles” for each of
the 747 NIS reported from the PICES countries. The profiles provide a standardized format
1

(Figures 61 and 62, Tables 1-12) for the summary of the distributional, habitat, and natural
history information for each species.
Besides providing basic information on the biogeographic and natural history of North Pacific
near-coastal species, the information in the Atlas and PICES database can be used to address a
number of management issues:
1. Establish a baseline of the number and identity of the reported NIS by MEOW
ecoregion. By coupling these data with rapid assessment surveys (RAS) and/or
monitoring programs it becomes possible to assess whether a NIS reported from a region
represents a new invasion.
2. Collating data on life history and environmental requirements for NIS can help identify
what habitats and resources will be at greatest risk to a range expansion of an existing
NIS or to invasion by a new NIS.
3. Analysis of source (native) region(s) of NIS can be used to determine high risk regions
and to develop focused quarantine procedures for imports.
4. On a global scale, enumeration of the total number of ecoregions invaded by a species
can help identify high risk invaders. Further, the maps in the Atlas are a simple and visual
approach to conveying the distribution of these species to managers and the public.
5. The Atlas disseminates information about NIS to the public and managers in an easily
used format.
6. Development of standardized protocols in the Altas and database provide a framework
for developing countries to use in their efforts to assess and manage invasive species.
As a real world example of the use of such baseline information, the authors recently developed
an approach to setting ballast water discharge standards based on historical invasion rates,
historical ballast discharge rates, and organism concentrations in untreated ballast water (Reusser
et al., in press). Another example is the use of global patterns of invaders as a screening
procedure for potential invaders (Reusser and Lee, 2005; Locke, 2009).
Caveats
This Atlas and PICES database are initial attempts at synthesizing a variety of data types across
an entire ocean basin, and as such they represent the state of the science. However, they are not
the final answer. We are aware that we have not captured the complete biogeographic
distributions or natural history profiles of many of the species. Additionally, there may be errors
in interpretation on our part. Rather than a deficit, we hope that illustrating the existing
knowledge in a standardized fashion will assist in identifying any such errors and in highlighting
key information gaps. In many cases, we classified species scattered around the globe with
limited information. As such, the classifications presented here should be taken as “hypotheses”
subject to further taxonomic, biogeographical, and genetic analysis.
2

APPROACH AND DEFINITIONS
Marine Biogeographic Schema and Geographic Scope of the Atlas
One of our main objectives was to synthesize the global distributions of near-coastal
nonindigenous species that occur within the PICES countries. To achieve this, we used the
“Marine Ecoregions of the World” (MEOW) biogeographic schema (Spalding et al., 2007;
http://www.worldwildlife.org/science/ecoregions/marine/item1266.html) as the framework for
analyzing and displaying species’ distributions. MEOW is a hierarchical biogeographical schema
for near-coastal ecosystems to an approximate 200 meter depth, and it is increasingly being used
to evaluate regional and global patterns (e.g., Molnar et al., 2008; Piepenburg et al., 2011; Ocean
Biogeographic Information System, OBIS, http://iobis.org/mapper/).
The MEOW schema consists of 12 realms, 62 provinces, and 232 ecoregions. However, one
limitation is that it does not split the Pacific and Atlantic into east/west components. The lack of
such a split limits the ability to analyze patterns of transoceanic invasions, which account for
most near-coastal invasions in the Northern Hemisphere (see Ruiz et al., 2000). To accommodate
transoceanic invasions, the 12 realms were divided (Figure 1), adding a new level between the
realm and province levels to provide east-west breaks (Reusser and Lee, 2011). This
modification divided the MEOW North Pacific Realm into Northeast Pacific Region (NEP),
composed of nine ecoregions ranging from the Gulf of California through the Aleutian Islands
(Figures 2 and 8), and the Northwest Pacific Region (NWP) composed of eight ecoregions
ranging from the East China Sea through the Kamchatka Shelf (Figures 2 and 5). Other
modifications include the addition of Caspian Sea, Aral Sea, and Sea of Asov ecoregions, which
were combined with the Black Sea to form the Ponto-Caspian Region (Figure 17), and the
addition of a High Arctic Region (Figure 1) above the Arctic ecoregions. These modifications
result in a total of 20 regions (Figure 1).
Capturing all the non-Arctic shorelines bordering the PICES countries required adding several
ecoregions outside the North Pacific Realm. The Hawaii Ecoregion, which is in the Eastern Indo-
Pacific Realm (Figures 2 and 7), was included to complete coverage of the U.S. Pacific states.
For complete coverage of China and Japan, nonindigenous species were also reported from five
ecoregions in the Central Indo-Pacific Realm (Southern China, Gulf of Tonkin, South China Sea
Oceanic Islands, South Kuroshio, and Ogasawara Islands; Figures 2 and 6). We refer to these
five ecoregions as the North Central-Indo Pacific (NCIP) and they were analyzed as a group
even though they do not form a natural biogeographic entity. Because of the sparse information
on the ecoregions in the NCIP and the artificiality of the NCIP as a biogeographic unit, we report
the number of NIS from the NCIP but do not analyze the results in detail.
The specific objective of the project then became the synthesis of the distributions and
habitat/natural history attributes of all the reported near-coastal NIS in the 23 MEOW ecoregions
in the NEP, NWP, NCIP, and Hawaii (Figure 2). Nonindigenous species found only in the Arctic
ecoregions of PICES countries (e.g., Eastern Bering Sea, Chukchi Sea, Beaufort Sea, Siberian
Sea) were not included in PICES database or the Atlas. While the distributions of NIS were
mapped at the ecoregion scale, most of the analyses in the Atlas were conducted on the four
biogeographic units (NEP, NWP, NCIP, and Hawaii). Additionally, the PICES database is
designed around analyses at the region scale. While analyses at the ecoregion scale are possible
3

in the PICES database, the queries will require care and have certain limitations, as described in
Lee et al. (2012).
Maps of the 232 MEOW ecoregions plus our modifications are provided to assist users in
understanding the extent and boundaries of the ecoregions (Figures 1-23). In addition, all four
hierarchical MEOW levels can be viewed in the PICES database (Lee and Reusser, 2012) while
the User’s Guide (Lee et al., 2012) contains an appendix listing all the realms, regions,
provinces, and ecoregions along with their database identification numbers.
Taxonomic Scope of the Atlas
The taxonomic scope of our analysis includes fungi, protozoa, microalgae, macroalgae, marine
plants, fishes, and all macroinvertebrate groups. Bacteria, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals
were not included. Freshwater species that only incidentally occur in estuaries were excluded
(e.g., crayfish that are washed downstream after storms), though species that are primarily fresh
water but periodically occur in estuaries (e.g., New Zealand mud snails) were included. We also
excluded species that are primarily terrestrial, though species that occur in the supralittoral zone
and coastal dunes were included. We did not include tidal marsh plants (other than Spartina) in
part due to the difficulty in obtaining information on similar species in Asia.
Definitions for Species’ Invasion and Population Status
Species were assigned to one of six classifications regarding their origin – Native,
Nonindigenous, Cryptogenic, Transient, Unknown, or Conflict – at any of the four biogeographic
levels (realm to ecoregion). Criteria to evaluate whether a species is native or introduced were
developed by Chapman and Carlton (1991 and 1994), and these criteria are discussed in Lee et
al. (2012). The following definitions were used for these classifications in the Atlas and PICES
database:
Native: A species that occurs naturally in the area with no human intervention. Native
species have an evolutionary history within the area.
Nonindigenous: A species that has been introduced into an area through human activities,
whether accidently or on purpose. Other terms used include alien, aquatic nuisance
species (ANS), exotic, introduced, non-native, adventive, and naturalized. In the United
States, use of “invasive” is largely limited to invaders that have or are likely to cause
adverse ecological, economic, or human health impacts.
Cryptogenic: Cryptogenic species those that are not clearly native or introduced based on
current information. As originally defined by Carlton (1966), this term was to capture
uncertainty regarding a species biogeography and invasion history. However,
“cryptogenic” is increasingly used for species with taxonomic uncertainties, such as
sibling (cryptic) species or species complexes. To avoid mixing uncertainty over invasion
history with taxonomic uncertainty, we restricted the use of cryptogenic classifications to
locations where there is some evidence for invasion. Cryptogenic species were not
included in the NIS counts for regions and ecoregions..
4

Unknown: A species was classified as unknown when there was insufficient information
to make a judgment as to its origin. This was the default classification in the absence of
any evidence. In addition, taxa with an uncertain taxonomy (e.g., species complexes,
taxon only identified to genus) were assigned an unknown classification except in cases
when there is evidence that the taxon was recently introduced into an area (e.g., recent
appearance of genus never observed within a region). Species with uncertain taxonomies
have also been classified as “unresolved” (CANOD, 2009).
Transient: Transient species are those that temporarily migrate into an area as a result of
unusual climatic conditions, such as El Niño (e.g., Rosales-Casian, 2004). Their
movement into the area is via natural mechanisms rather than mediated through direct
human activities. The terms “vagrant” or “migrant” have been used in a similar fashion.
Transient species were not included in the counts of NIS in regions or ecoregions.
Conflict: In some cases, invasion experts disagree as to whether a species is
nonindigenous versus native or cryptogenic within an area. If the available information
was insufficient for us to make a decision among the conflicting classifications, species
were assigned a “conflict” classification. Our use of “conflict” instead of “cryptogenic” is
to highlight cases where some, but not all, of the experts believe that there is sufficient
information to consider a species introduced. “Conflict” species were included in the
counts of NIS in regions or ecoregions.
Definitions for Species’ Population Status
In addition to classifications related to origin, species were also classified in terms of their
population status. Lee et al. (2012) present a set of criteria to evaluate population status. The
following definitions were used in the Atlas and PICES database:
Established: A species with a self-maintaining population as indicated by its population
size, occurrence over time, widespread geographical distribution, presence of juveniles,
and/or presence of reproductive adults. Pragmatically, the occurrence of a species in a
probability-based survey (vs. targeted sampling of optimum habitat type) is reasonably
strong evidence that the species is established based on the relatively small areas sampled
in such random surveys (e.g., tens of square meters for benthic surveys). Native species
are assumed to be established.
Not Established: A species that has been reported from an area but that does not
constitute a self-maintaining population or that has gone extinct within the region. One
indication of non-establishment is not observing the species for ≥25 years, assuming that
the appropriate habitat types were surveyed. Other indications include lack of juveniles or
reproductive adults. By definition, transient species are considered not established.
Nonindigenous species classified as not established were not included in the counts of
NIS in regions or ecoregions.
Unknown: A species for which there is insufficient spatial and/or temporal records to
assess population status. This was the default population status. Nonindigenous species
5

that were classified with an unknown population status were included in the counts of
NIS in regions or ecoregions.
Stocked: Species maintained through active human intervention, usually for aquaculture.
Stocked species known only to exist in aquaculture facilities were given a population
status of not established and were not included in the counts of NIS. Stocked species that
had been reported from the wild were assigned a population status of established, not
established, or unknown, as appropriate. In many cases it was unclear whether a stocked
species occurred in the wild, especially in Asia. If there was a potential that the species
could occur in the wild, the stocked species was assigned an unknown population status
and included in the counts of NIS. Inclusion of these stocked species in the counts of NIS
could potentially overestimate the actual number of NIS in the region.
Taxonomy and “Also Known As” Alternative Names
The taxonomy of each of the species in the Atlas was recorded on the species profiles.
Taxonomy above the level of genus was based on the World Register of Marine Species
(WoRMS; http://www.marinespecies.org/index.php), an international database with the objective
of providing the authoritative list of names of all marine species globally. In most cases,
WoRMS was also used for species designations, though for some taxa regional authoritative
references were used (e.g., Coan et al., 2000 for bivalves in the NEP).
In addition to the higher level taxonomy, up to five “Also Known As” or alternative names were
recorded in the Atlas. These are other scientific names by which the selected species may also be
known. The primary purpose in listing these alternative species names is to assist invasion
biologists in tracking the global distribution and invasion history of a species. They are not
meant for formal taxonomic evaluations, and the users should consult the taxonomic literature
for complete synonym lists and authorities. The seven types of alternative names recognized in
the Atlas are:
Synonym: A scientific name that was previously applied to a taxon but is no longer
accepted. As used in the Atlas and the PICES database, the objective was to limit
synonyms to those with a one-to-one relationship with the currently accepted scientific
name.
Ambiguous synonym: A possible synonym of the species, such as when it is not certain
exactly what species is being referred to (i.e., Polydora nr. cornuta). Ambiguous
synonyms are also associated with species complexes; the cases in which a species name
is now believed to consist of more than one valid species but which are not, as yet,
individually named. Because of the taxonomic uncertainties, all synonyms of species
complexes are referred to as ambiguous, with the exception of names explicitly
identifying the taxon as a complex (e.g., complex, hyperspecies, etc.). We classify proparte
synonyms as “partial synonyms” rather than as ambiguous.
Partial Synonym: Partial synonyms are species names that are synonyms of two or more
valid species. Thus, there is not a one-to-one relationship between a partial synonym and
a valid species name. This can happen when an older species is split into two or more
6

new species. In these cases, the partial synonyms are identified either by 1) including the
taxonomic author’s name as part of the partial synonym; 2) including “of authors” as part
of the partial synonym when many authors have used the partial synonym; or 3) including
“in part” as part of the partial synonym. Inclusion of these markers is to warn the user
from using the partial synonym as a general synonym. These are also referred to as “proparte
synonyms”.
Convention: A different version of a species’ name. Alternates may include the
inclusion/omission of a subgenus or a difference in the gender of the name. Because
subspecies were not recorded in the PICES database, subspecies are also considered
alternatives to the base species.
Nomen nudum: An invalid scientific name because the species was not originally
described with sufficient detail, and thus the name is considered “naked” (see
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature; http://www.nhm.ac.uk/hosted-
Zites/iczn/code/index.jsp?booksection=glossary&nfv=true).
Misspelling: An incorrect spelling of a taxon that was erroneously incorporated into the
scientific literature. Only common misspellings are listed.
Misidentified: An incorrect identification assigned to a species. Misidentifications
specific to a publication but not to the original description of a species include the author
names (e.g., “Tellina (Angulus) meropsis of Coan 1971”; “Ensis californicus of authors
not Dall 1899 in part”) or region (i.e., “Macoma irus of NEP authors”) or a combination
of both (i.e., “Penitella gabbii of NEP authors, not Tryon, 1863”). Inclusion of the
author’s name keeps the misidentified species name from being incorrectly considered as
a general synonym.
Two nonstandard taxonomic definitions were used for a few species to better reflect their current
taxonomic standing.
Species Complexes: With increasing scrutiny, including genetic analysis, it’s becoming
apparent that several previously recognized “species” are composed of a number of
different, and often undescribed, species that have been referred to under the same name.
Because of their uncertain taxonomic position, species complexes are generally not
classified as nonindigenous. However, in a few cases, species complexes can be
classified as nonindigenous over some portion of their range based on their recent arrival
in an area or by possessing other attributes of nonindigenous species. We identify species
complexes by adding the suffix “Cmplx” to the name of the purported species. Because
of the taxonomic uncertainty, synonyms of species complexes are considered “ambiguous
synonyms”.
Provisional Species: Provisional species are “organisms suspected of being new species
or whose identities cannot be determined from available literature” (SCAMIT, 2012).
Thus, these species are considered to be valid species in a particular region even though
they cannot be assigned to an officially recognized species name. Provisional species can
7

e considered nonindigenous based on their recent arrival in an area or by possessing
other attributes of nonindigenous species. Our convention to naming provisional species
was to append a citation from a major publication to the provisional species’ name. For
example, “Bryopsis sp. (Cohen and Carlton, 1995)” is a provisional species from the
Cohen and Carlton (1995) report. By appending the citation to the species, it becomes
possible to find a major source for the species. Appending the citation also avoids the
problem of having different provisional species with the same name from different areas,
as can happen when a letter or number is used as a suffix (e.g., Bryopsis sp. A). When
known, the person originally identifying the provisional species is listed as the taxonomic
authority, while the type locality is used to identify the general geographical area over
which the provisional name is applicable.
Species Profiles - Summarizing Distributions and Natural History
The environmental tolerance, habitat, and natural history characteristics of a species can help
predict the likelihood that it will invade an area and the possible consequences if an invasion
occurs. For example, salinity and depth ranges help define the range of habitats a new NIS could
potentially colonize. Trophic level, such as whether an invader is a suspension feeder or a
predator, can help predict likely ecological impacts. However, it is our opinion that species
attributes are underutilized in invasion ecology. As discussed in Reusser and Lee (2011), major
reasons for this underutilization include the lack of a standardized schema for such data and the
idiosyncratic manner in which such information are presented in the literature. One of the
objectives in designing the PICES database was to develop a practical hierarchical topology
using a class structure to effectively organize different types of habitat and natural history
attributes. An ancillary objective was to design a standardized two-page format for species
profiles that summarize the salient information about a species. With the use of the species
profile key (Figures 61 and 62) and the tables of abbreviations and definitions (Tables 1-12), a
user can determine the class or quantitative value for any of the attributes included.
The companion User’s Guide (Lee et al., 2012) provides additional details on the attributes
captured in the species profiles. Here we summarize key points important in interpreting the
information in the profiles. First, we provide both classes and quantitative values for a number of
habitat attributes (e.g., salinity, depth). However, the number of values going into the
quantitative ranges varies widely, from several hundred values to only a single number. Because
of this variation, the class values are generally more reliable than the quantitative ranges.
Second, three major classes are used to define the physical habitat of a species – Regime,
Ecosystem, and Substrate (see Tables 3, 4, and 5). Regime is a large scale classification of where
a species occurs (e.g., estuary vs. ocean); it does not define the specific habitat occupied.
Ecosystem is the overall ecosystem type that the species occupies, and it is embedded within the
Regime. For example, a species occurring in the estuary regime may occur in an unconsolidated
or consolidated ecosystem. Substrate classes define the specific substrate type a benthic species
lives in, which is embedded within the ecosystem. Infaunal organisms live in unconsolidated
sediment, which is an unconsolidated ecosystem. However, substrate type and ecosystem do not
have to match. Barnacles may inhabit the dead shells (a consolidated substrate) that accumulate
on the surface of sand flats (an unconsolidated ecosystem). Worms that live in the sediments that
8

accumulate in rocky intertidal tide pools live in unconsolidated sediment in a consolidated
ecosystem.
Third, most of the natural history attributes are classified as either “Observed” or “Preferred”.
We make this distinction because may marine/estuarine species can be found across a wide range
of environmental conditions, yet the majority of the population occurs in a much more restricted
range. An example is the occasional offshore records of estuarine species. While we do not have
hard and fast rules, Observed is used to capture the full range of conditions over which a species
has been reported, even if the conditions are marginal. Preferred is used to indicate the
conditions that the species normally occupies. Indicators of Preferred habitats include: 1) species
occurring frequently within the habitat range; 2) species occurring at high densities within the
habitat range; 3) presence of breeding populations within the habitat range, and 4) experts
identifying the habitat as preferred.
Lastly, we note temperature is not included in the species profiles. We excluded temperature
because the temperature classes in the PICES database were derived from Hall’s (1964)
biogeographic analysis of mollusks, which we do not consider adequate. To the extent that they
are known, the quantitative temperature ranges for adults and reproduction are given in the
PICES database.
RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
Taxonomic Patterns of Invasion
The patterns of invasion by taxonomic group are displayed in Figure 25 and Figures 27 to 58,
with taxa that contain four or more NIS in any one biogeographic unit plotted individually. Four
phyla constituted more than 70% of the 747 NIS (Figure 25) - Arthropoda (224), Chordata (114),
Mollusca (110), and Annelida (89). Within the arthropods, the invaders were divided among five
classes - Malacostraca (127), Insecta (45), Maxillopoda (36), Pycnogonida (12) and Ostracoda
(4). Amphipods were the most numerous nonindigenous group within the Malacostraca, with a
total of 50 NIS, while the isopods were the second most numerous, with a total of 34 NIS. The
patterns of these two peracaridan groups differed geographically. Substantially more
nonindigenous amphipods occurred in the NEP (37) than Hawaii (20) or the NWP (7) (Figure
47). In comparison, the NEP and Hawaii had approximately equal numbers of nonindigenous
isopods, 20 and 21 respectively (Figure 48). The only other malacostracan taxon with more than
10 NIS was the decapods, which had a total of 29 NIS. Substantially more nonindigenous
decapods occurred in the NWP (16) than Hawaii or the NEP (Figure 50). However, nine of the
16 nonindigenous decapods in the NWP are aquaculture species or were intentionally released
into the environment, and removing these species from the counts resulted in similar numbers of
decapod invaders across the three biogeographic units.
The copepods were the most numerous taxon within the Maxillopoda, with 22 nonindigenous
species (Figure 51). Copepods were predominantly found in the NEP (18 NIS). Copepod
invaders within the NEP consisted of 12 pelagic Cyclopoida and Calanoida, four benthic
Harpacticoida, and two parasitic Poecilostomatoida. Barnacles constituted the other taxon within
the Maxillopoda, with a total of 14 nonindigenous species. The NWP contained more than twice
the number of nonindigenous barnacles compared to Hawaii or the NEP (Figure 52).
9

Nonindigenous insects were predominantly found in Hawaii (40 NIS), with only five and one
nonindigenous marine/estuarine insect reported from the NEP and NWP, respectively (Figure
54). Many of the nonindigenous insects in Hawaii occur in saline streams (Englund, 2002;
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009) and are members of families in which the juvenile stage typically
occurs in fresh water (e.g., dragonflies).
The Chordata are composed of two dramatically different groups - the tunicates, with a total of
48 NIS, and fishes (Actinopterygii), with a total of 66 NIS. Nonindigenous tunicates were most
numerous in Hawaii (29 NIS) and the NEP (23 NIS) with only 9 species found in the NWP
(Figure 56). With the fishes, the NWP contained the largest number of nonindigenous species
(34) compared to Hawaii (28) or the NEP (25) (Figure 57). However, the most of the
nonindigenous fish in the NWP were intentionally released into the wild or are maintained in
aquaculture facilities, and in many cases it is not known if they are established in the wild.
The numbers of nonindigenous mollusks were similar among the gastropods (57 NIS) and
bivalves (53 NIS). The number of nonindigenous bivalve species was similar across the NEP,
Hawaii, and NWP (Figure 44). One similarity across all three locations was that each contained
one or more introduced oyster species and wood boring Teredo species. The number of
nonindigenous gastropods was highest in the NEP (28) and similar in Hawaii (19) and the NWP
(20) (Figure 45).
The nonindigenous annelids primarily consisted of polychaetes (81 NIS), with a similar number
of invaders in the NEP and Hawaii (Figure 42). One pattern with the polychaete invaders is that
there are proportionally fewer species in the NWP that exclusively or primarily inhabit softbottom
sediments compared to fouling species or those associated with oysters and other biotic
substrates.
Spatial Patterns of Invasion
As mentioned, a total of 747 NIS have been reported from the 23 ecoregions analyzed. In terms
of the total number of invaders, the NEP and Hawaii have approximately equal numbers, 368
and 347 NIS respectively (Figures 24 and 26). In comparison, the NWP, with 208 NIS, has
substantially fewer invaders. With 73 NIS, the NCIP has the fewest reported invaders; however
there is limited information on the five ecoregions making up the NCIP. The pattern of the extent
of invasion by taxonomic group (Figures 25 and 27-58) generally follows the same pattern. Of
the 25 non-aggregated taxonomic groups (e.g., Isopoda and Amphipoda but not Arthropoda), the
NEP had the most or was tied for the most invaders with 15 taxonomic groups, while Hawaii had
the most or was tied with the most invaders for 9 taxonomic groups. The NWP had the most or
was tied with the most invaders with 5 taxonomic groups (Phaeophyceae, Chlorophyta,
Decapoda, Cirripedia, and Actinopterygii). As discussed above, the high numbers of invaders
with the decapods and fishes in the NWP were partially a result of the large proportion of
aquaculture and intentionally released species, many of which have an unknown population
status.
On an individual ecoregion basis, the Hawaii ecoregion is considerably more invaded than any
other ecoregion, with 347 NIS (Figure 24). The Northern California Ecoregion, with 277 NIS, is
10

the second most invaded. The Northern California Ecoregion includes the San Francisco Estuary,
which has been considered the most invaded estuary in the United States (Cohen and Carlton,
1998). Our comparison does not include marsh plants, which could reduce the difference
between Hawaii and Northern California. Nonetheless, these results suggest that the near-coastal
waters of Hawaii are more invaded than the San Francisco Estuary. The next three most invaded
ecoregions all occur in the NEP; Southern California Bight (213 NIS), Oregon, Washington,
Vancouver Coast and Shelf (179), and Puget Trough/ Georgia Basin (125). The next four most
invaded ecoregions all occur in the NWP (East China Sea, Central Kuroshio Current, Yellow
Sea, and Sea of Japan) but they are considerably less invaded (69 to 87 NIS) than Hawaii or the
more invaded NEP ecoregions.
These observations raise the question as to why the NWP appears to be less invaded than the
NEP and Hawaii. As a preliminary analysis, we consider eight possible causes for the smaller
number of invaders reported from the NWP, listed in approximate order of their potential
importance.
1) More benign environment in the NEP and Hawaii than NWP. This “environmental matching”
argument suggests that the greater temperature ranges on the western sides of oceans compared
to eastern sides contribute to the asymmetrical invasion pattern. Support for this explanation
comes from an ecoregional-scale analysis of near-coastal sea surface temperatures (SST) in the
North Pacific (Payne et al., 2012). This analysis demonstrated a much greater seasonal and
monthly range in SSTs in the NWP than the NEP for ecoregions at approximately the same
latitude. For example, the Northeastern Honshu and Northern California ecoregions have very
similar 29-year mean near-coastal SSTs, 13.4 C versus 13.5 C. However, over the 29 year
record, the Northeastern Honshu displayed a mean monthly annual range of 16.4 C versus 3.4 C
for Northern California. Although not included in this analysis, SSTs in Hawaii also show small
seasonal and among-year ranges (e.g., Keeling et al., 2004). Based on the concept of
"environmental matching" (e.g., Gollash, 2006; Herborg et al., 2007), the greater temperature
tolerances of Asian species should allow more of them to survive in Hawaii and the NEP than
the reverse. A similar argument has been previously suggested by Chapman (2000) and Reusser
and Lee (2005). Although further analysis is needed, we suggest that the occurrence of more
constant temperature regimes in the NEP and Hawaii is an important factor in their susceptibility
to invasionfrom Asia and potentially other parts of the world.
2) Differences in search effort for NIS. It is recognized that differences in search effort can bias
the number of reported invaders (Ruiz et al., 2000). The Pacific Coast of North America may be
the most intensely studied area for marine/estuarine nonindigenous species in the world (e.g.,
Cohen and Carlton, 1995; Ruiz et al., 2000, Wonham and Carlton, 2005, CANOD, 2009),
followed closely by Hawaii which has been extensively surveyed through the efforts of the
Bishop Museum and other researchers, culminating in a synthesis by Carlton and Eldredge
(2009). While there has been an increasing interest in nonindigenous species in Asia (e.g.,
Iwasaki, 2006; Zvyagintsev et al., 2011), the level of effort does not yet appear to be equal to that
on the U.S./Canadian Pacific coast for most taxa. One indication of the difference in the effort
devoted to detecting NIS between these two regions is that at least eight rapid assessment
surveys (RAS) have been conducted on the Pacific Coast of the United States since 1993 (e.g.,
Cohen et al., 1998, 2005a). In comparison, the first rapid assessments surveys in the NWP appear
11

to be those initiated by PICES, with the first one in Dalian, China in 2008
(http://www.pices.int/publications/pices_press/volume19/v19_n1/pp_30-31_Kobe-WS_f.pdf).
To evaluate the potential effect of search effort, we calculated the relative percent of
nonindigenous fouling organisms to non-fouling invaders in each ecoregion (Figure 59). Foulers
were defined as barnacles, tunicates, bryozoa, hydroids, and serpulid polychaetes. Because of
their economic importance to shipping and aquaculture, a reasonable effort appears to have been
put into their enumeration on all coasts. Additionally, fouling invaders are more obvious than
cryptic guilds of invaders, such as infaunal species, and are more likely to be detected and
reported. We assume, therefore, that fouling invaders are less likely to be underreported
compared to non-fouling invaders. Thus, the relative percent of foulers to non-foulers should be
higher in less well surveyed regions. The two most intensively studied locations, Hawaii and the
NEP, have similar relative percentages of foulers (27.6% versus 26.5%). In comparison, in the
least studied location, the NCIP, foulers constitute about half of the non-foulers (49%). The
NWP has an intermediate value (32.5%). While not conclusive, this increase in the relative
percent of nonindigenous foulers relative to other types of invaders supports the contention that
differences in search effort was an important factor contributing to lower number of NIS in the
NWP and NCIP. It is important to note that the lesser search effort appears to vary substantially
among taxa. Macroalgae have been extensively studied in Japan and China (e.g., Lewis and
Norris, 1987; Yoshida and Yoshinaga, 2010) which may partially explain why there are a
relatively large numbers of nonindigenous brown and green macroalgae reported from the NWP
(Figures 29 and 31).
3) Differences in the application of criteria used to classify species as nonindigenous. Except in
cases of stocked species, classifying a species as nonindigenous usually requires a judgment call
based on incomplete data. We suggest that researchers in the United States and Canada may be
more likely to classify a species as nonindigenous than their Asian counterparts. One indicator of
such an effect is the regional difference in the number of provisional species (species not yet
identified to species) classified as nonindigenous. There were 31 provisional species classified as
NIS in the NEP (8.4% of total NIS) and 22 provisional species classified as NIS in Hawaii (6.3%
of total NIS). In comparison, there were only two provisional species classified as NIS in the
NWP (0.95% of total NIS). This disparity in the number of species with unknown identities and
origins classified as nonindigenous is suggestive of a different viewpoint as to what constitutes
sufficient information to classify a species.
4) Differences in the number of taxonomic groups evaluated in detail for nonindigenous species.
A factor related to search effort is the difference in the number of taxonomic groups that have
been evaluated in detail for the presence of NIS. In the NEP, nearly every taxonomic group has
been evaluated for nonindigenous species to some degree. It is our impression that in Asia most
of the effort has focused on larger taxonomic groups, especially those with economic value.
Support for this theory comes from the observation that groups with a relatively large number of
NIS in the NWP include taxa important to aquaculture (brown and green macroalgae and fishes,
Figures 29, 31, and 57) or have direct negative economic impacts (barnacles, Figure 52). In
comparison there are relatively few nonindigenous polychaetes reported from the NWP (Figure
42). Although there have been a number of studies on Japanese polychaetes (e.g., Imajima and
Hartman, 1964) our evaluation of this literature is that it focused on the taxonomy and natural
12

history of the species but not whether species were native or introduced, even in cases where the
species had been reported from the East or West coast of the United States.
5) Historical Introductions. There is a long history of ship traffic among Asian countries and
between Asia and the rest of the world. As a result of this historical trade, it is possible that the
origins of some of the Asian species may be lost in antiquity, and that some of the “native”
species in Asia were actually introduced a century or more ago. A similar case occurred on the
U.S. East coast with the snail Littorina littorea, which required extensive genetic analysis of both
the snail and its parasite to demonstrate that it had been introduced from Europe about 500 years
ago (Blakeslee et al., 2008). With heavy ship trading not being a major vector until about the
mid- to late-1800s for Hawaii and the Pacific coast of the United States, such under reporting of
historically introduced species is presumably relatively less important in the NEP and Hawaii.
6) Language barriers. Language barriers limited our access to the original Asian literature. In
many cases, we only had access to an English abstract while in other cases we were aware of a
paper but either could not obtain it or it did not have an English abstract. There is no doubt that
this language barrier limited our ability to fully parse the distributions and natural history
characteristics of Asian species. However, we do not believe that the language barrier resulted in
a substantial underestimate of the number of reported NIS in the NWP. First, we worked with
PICES members from each of the countries to identify the reported NIS in their respective
countries. Second, there have been a number of relatively recent English summaries for NIS in
each of these countries (e.g., Zvyagintsev et al., 2011). While the language barrier is not likely to
have been a major factor in enumerating the previously reported NIS, it is a greater limitation for
taxonomists evaluating foreign taxonomic literature. Without the ability of taxonomic experts to
scrutinize foreign literature, there is a danger that introduced species will be described as new
native species in a region (see Carlton, 2009).
7) Greater propagule pressure in Hawaii and the NEP. The NWP could be less invaded if it
experiences a substantially lower propagule pressure (rate and extent of new invaders being
introduced). However, given the extent of commercial shipping between Asia and the rest of the
world it seems highly unlikely that there is a lower propagule pressure from ballast water or hull
fouling in Asia. In addition, aquaculture escapees should be at least as important in Asia as in
North America and Hawaii. While certain specific vectors may be more important in the NEP
and/or Hawaii (e.g., airplanes for insects in Hawaii) it seems unlikely that a reduced propagule
pressure was a factor in the lower number of reported NIS in the NWP.
8) Greater invasibility in NEP and Hawaii compared to the NWP. The last possibility is that
NEP and Hawaii ecosystems have a greater invasibility; that is they are easier to invade. As used
here, invasibility refers to strength of the ecological interactions resisting the establishment of a
new invader. Invasibility is the result of species interactions, which is different than the NEP and
Hawaii having more benign environments mentioned above in the environmental matching
argument (#1). We have no evidence to support or refute the invasibility hypothesis, but note that
if it is a major factor it would have to operate across a number of different taxa and habitat types,
including fouling, soft-bottom, and plankton assemblages.
13

Vectors of Introduction
The last topic we address is an evaluation of the major vectors by which invaders were
transported into the NEP, NWP, and Hawaii (see Table 2). The six vectors analyzed were ballast
water discharges, hull fouling, intentional stocking, aquaculture escapees, aquaculture associated
species, and aquarium/plant trade. Aquaculture escapees are species that are intentionally
stocked but that escaped into the wild. Aquaculture associated species live on or in association
with an aquaculture species and are accidently transported along with them (e.g., species
transported along with oyster stocks).
One or more of these six vectors were considered as a possible transport mechanism for 92% of
the invaders in the NEP, 93% in the NWP, and 86% in Hawaii (Figure 60). The lower percentage
in Hawaii is primarily due to the large number (40) of nonindigenous insects, many of which
were introduced via other vectors such as from airplanes, cargo, or solid ballast. In evaluating the
results, it is important to recognize that many, if not most, invaders are polyvectic (Carlton and
Ruiz, 2005b) and can be transported by more than one vector. Thus, the values in Figure 60 can
sum to more than 100%.
Hull fouling was the major vector in all three locations, and was considered a possible vector for
47% of the invaders in the NWP to 61% in Hawaii (Figure 60). Ballast water discharges were the
second most important vector in all three locations, with its potential importance ranging from
about 40% of the invaders in the NWP to 53% in the NEP. One major difference among the
locations was the greater importance of intentional stocking and aquaculture escapees in the
NWP compared to the NEP and Hawaii. These two vectors combined were potential routes of
introduction for about 46% of the invaders in the NWP compared to about 9-10% in the NEP and
Hawaii. The high percentage of these two aquaculture related vectors in the NWP reflects the
active aquaculture efforts in Asia, though we caution that for many of these nonindigenous
aquaculture species it is not known if they have established wild populations. Another difference
among the locations was the importance of aquaculture associated species, which was a potential
vector for approximately 42% of the invaders in the NEP compared to 15% to 29% in Hawaii
and the NWP, respectively. The greater importance of this vector in the NEP reflects the large
number of invaders historically introduced via the extensive importation of the Atlantic oyster
(Crassostrea virginica) from the U.S. East Coast and from the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas)
from Asia. The importance of this vector in NEP has declined both with a reduction in the
number of oysters imported from outside the NEP and with the institution of more stringent
quarantine procedures.
14

MAPS OF MEOW REGIONS
Figure 1: Map of the region divisions added to the Marine Ecoregions Of the World (MEOW) to facilitate capturing species classifications.
15

Figure 2: Twenty-three MEOW ecoregions analyzed for reported near-coastal nonindigenous species. The Northeast Pacific (NEP)
region is defined as the ecoregions from the Cortezian Ecoregion northward through the Aleutian Islands Ecoregion. The Northwest
Pacific (NWP) region is defined as the East China Sea Ecoregion northward through the Kamchatka Coast and Shelf Ecoregion. The
Northern Central Indo-Pacific (NCIP) is defined as the Southern China, Gulf of Tonkin, South China Sea Oceanic Islands, South
Kuroshio, and Ogasawara Island Ecoregions. The Hawaii Ecoregion is contained within the Eastern Indo-Pacific Region.
16

Figure 3: Maps in geographic projection of the Arctic region of the modified MEOW schema as shown in the PICES database.
17

Figure 4: Alternate map in a polar stereographic projection of the Arctic region in the modified MEOW
schema.
18

Figure 5: Map of the Northwest Pacific (NWP) region of the modified MEOW schema.
19

Figure 6: Map of the Central Indo-Pacific region of the modified MEOW schema.
20

Figure 7: Map of the Eastern Indo-Pacific region of the modified MEOW schema.
21

Figure 8: Map of the Northeast Pacific (NEP) region of the modified MEOW schema.
22

Figure 9: Map of the Tropical Eastern Pacific region of the modified MEOW schema.
23

Figure 10: Map of the Southeast Pacific region of the modified MEOW schema.
24

Figure 11: Map of the Magellanic region of the modified MEOW schema.
25

Figure 12: Map of the Southwest Atlantic region of the modified MEOW schema.
26

Figure 13: Map of the West Tropical Atlantic region of the modified MEOW schema.
27

Figure 14: Map of the Northwest Atlantic region of the modified MEOW schema.
28

Figure 15: Map of the Northeast Atlantic region of the modified MEOW schema.
29

Figure 16: Map of the Mediterranean Sea region of the modified MEOW schema.
30

Figure 17: Map of the Ponto-Caspian region of the modified MEOW schema.
31

Figure 18: Map of the East Tropical Atlantic region of the modified MEOW schema.
32

Figure 19: Map of the Southern Africa region of the modified MEOW schema.
33

Figure 20: Map of the Indian Ocean region of the modified MEOW schema.
34

Figure 21: Map of the Southern Australia and New Zealand region of the modifed MEOW schema.
35

Figure 22: Map of the Antarctica region of the modified MEOW schema.
36

Figure 23: Alternate map in polar stereographic projection of the Antarctica region in the modified
MEOW schema.
37

GRAPHS OF NONINDIGENOUS SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS BY TAXA AND REGION
Figure 24: Number of reported nonindigenous species by MEOW ecoregion.
38

250
200
150
100
50
0
N = 747
10
55
11 14 11
Figure 25: Total Number of nonindigenous species in the North Pacific region and South China by taxa.
42
44
89
110
224
48
66
23
39

400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
73
208
347
368
Figure 26: Total number of nonindigenous species
with a population status of established or
unknown by region.
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
N = 747
NCIP NWP HAWAII NEP
N = 55
3
19
Figure 28: Macroalgae: Number of nonindigenous
Macroalgae with a population status of established
or unknown by region.
15
33
NCIP NWP HAWAII NEP
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
N = 10
0 1
NCIP NWP HAWAII NEP
Figure 27: Ciliophora: Total number of
nonindigenous Ciliophora with a population status
of established or unknown by region.
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
N = 17
1
9
NCIP NWP HAWAII NEP
Figure 29: Class Phaeophyceae: Number of
nonindigenous Phaeophyceae with a population
status of established or unknown by region.
2
3
9
9
40

25
20
15
10
2
6
Figure 30: Phylum Biliphyta–Rhodophyta:
Number of nonindigenous Rhodophyta with a
population status of established or unknown by
region.
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
5
0
N = 28
Figure 32: Phylum Magnoliophyta: Number of
nonindigenous Magnoliophyta with a population
status of established or unknown by region.
9
21
NCIP NWP HAWAII NEP
N = 11
2
3
NCIP NWP HAWAII NEP
4
8
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
N = 10
0
4
3 3
NCIP NWP HAWAII NEP
Figure 31: Phylum Viridaeplantae–Chlorophyta:
Number of nonindigenous Chlorophyta with a
population status of established or unknown by
region.
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
N = 14
0 1
NCIP NWP HAWAII NEP
Figure 33: Phylum Porifera: Number of
nonindigenous Porifera with a population status of
established or unknown by region.
9
6
41

6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
3
5 5
Figure 34: Phylum Platyhelminthes: Number of
nonindigenous Platyhelminthes with a population
status of established or unknown by region.
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
N = 11
NCIP NWP HAWAII NEP
N = 11
1
4
NCIP NWP HAWAII NEP
Figure 36: Cnidaria–Anthozoa: Number of
nonindigenous Anthozoa with a population status
of established or unknown by region.
5
6
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
N = 42
4
15
Figure 35: Phylum Cnidaria: Number of
nonindigenous Cnidaria with a population status
of established or unknown by region.
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Figure 37: Cnidaria–Hydrozoa: Number of
nonindigenous Hydrozoa with a population status
of established or unknown by region.
20
25
NCIP NWP HAWAII NEP
N = 24
3
11
9
17
NCIP NWP HAWAII NEP
42

6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0 0
Figure 38: Cnidaria–Scyphozoa: Number of
nonindigenous Scyphozoa with a population status
of established or unknown by region.
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
N = 6
NCIP NWP HAWAII NEP
N = 89
7
16
Figure 40: Phylum Annelida: Number of
nonindigenous Annelida with a population status
of established or unknown by region.
5
47
2
49
NCIP NWP HAWAII NEP
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
N = 44
10
14
Figure 39: Phylum Bryozoa: Number of
nonindigenous Bryozoa with a population status
of established or unknown by region.
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Figure 41: Annelida–Clitellata: Number of
nonindigenous Clitellata with a population status
of established or unknown by region.
22
25
NCIP NWP HAWAII NEP
N = 8
1 1 1
NCIP NWP HAWAII NEP
8
43

50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
6
15
Figure 42: Annelida–Polychaeta: Number of
nonindigenous Polychaeta with a population status
of established or unknown by region.
25
20
15
10
5
0
N = 81
Figure 44: Phylum Mollusca–Bivalvia: Number of
nonindigenous Bivalvia with a population status
of established or unknown by region.
46
41
NCIP NWP HAWAII NEP
N = 53
7
21
22 22
NCIP NWP HAWAII NEP
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
N = 110
11
41 41
Figure 43: Phylum Mollusca: Number of
nonindigenous Mollusca with a population status
of established or unknown by region.
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
50
NCIP NWP HAWAII NEP
N = 57
4
20
19
28
NCIP NWP HAWAII NEP
Figure 45: Mollusca–Gastropoda: Number of
nonindigenous Gastropoda with a population
status of established or unknown by region.
44

140
120
100
Figure 46: Phylum Arthropoda: Number of
nonindigenous Arthropoda with a population
status of established or unknown by region.
25
20
15
10
80
60
40
20
5
0
0
N = 224
16
43
116
102
NCIP NWP HAWAII NEP
N = 34
4 4
Figure 48: Arthropoda–Isopoda: Number of
nonindigenous Isopoda with a population status of
established or unknown by region.
21
20
NCIP NWP HAWAII NEP
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
N = 50
4
7
Figure 47: Arthropoda–Amphipoda: Number of
nonindigenous Amphipoda with a population
status of established or unknown by region.
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Figure 49: Arthropoda–Mysida: Number of
nonindigenous Mysida with a population status of
established or unknown by region.
20
37
NCIP NWP HAWAII NEP
N = 6
0 0
NCIP NWP HAWAII NEP
1
5
45

18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
4
16
10
Figure 50: Arthropoda–Decapoda: Number of
nonindigenous Decapoda with a population status of
established or unknown by region.
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
N = 29
NCIP NWP HAWAII NEP
N = 14
3
11
NCIP NWP HAWAII NEP
Figure 52: Arthropoda–Cirripedia: Number of
nonindigenous Cirripedia with a population status of
established or unknown by region.
4
5
5
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
N = 22
0
3 3
Figure 51: Arthropoda–Copepoda: Number of
nonindigenous Copepoda with a population status
of established or unknown by region.
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
18
NCIP NWP HAWAII NEP
N = 12
1 1
12
NCIP NWP HAWAII NEP
Figure 53: Arthropoda–Pycnogonida: Number of
nonindigenous Pycnogonida with a population
status of established or unknown by region.
0
46

Figure 54: Arthropoda–Insecta: Number of
nonindigenous Insecta with a population status of
established or unknown by region.
Figure 56: Chordata–Tunicata: Number of
nonindigenous Tunicata with a population status
of established or unknown by region.
.
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
N = 45
0 1
40
NCIP NWP HAWAII NEP
N = 48
4
9
29
5
23
NCIP NWP HAWAII NEP
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
N = 114
17
43
Figure 55: Phylum Chordata: Number of
nonindigenous Chordata with a population status
of established or unknown by region.
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
57
48
NCIP NWP HAWAII NEP
N = 66
13
34
28
25
NCIP NWP HAWAII NEP
Figure 57: Chordata–Actinopterygii: Number of
nonindigenous Actinopterygii with a population
status of established or unknown by region
47

10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
3
9 9
Figure 58: Number of other nonindigenous species
with a population status of established or
unknown by region.
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
N = 23
NCIP NWP HAWAII NEP
8
Figure 59: Relative percent of foulers as
calculated as the ratio of foulers to non-fouling
invaders in each ecoregion.
Figure 60: Percent of the total number of nonindigenous species within the NWP, Hawaii, and NEP that
were potentially transported by each of the six most important vectors. The NCIP was not included in
this analysis. Because species can be transported by multiple vectors, the sum of the percents within an
ecoregion can exceed 100%.
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
49.0
32.5
27.6 26.5
NCIP NWP Hawaii NEP
NWP Hawaii NEP
48

DECIPHERING SPECIES INFORMATION: KEY TO ABBREVIATIONS
IN SPECIES PROFILES
Figure 61: First page of the key to the species profiles. The abbreviations are given in Table 1 and
definitions for habitat and natural history attributes are in Tables 2 to 12.
49

Figure 62: Second page of the key to the species profiles. The abbreviations are given in Table 1 and
definitions for habitat and natural history attributes are in Table s 2 to 12. O = Observed habitat range;
P = Preferred habitat range.
50

TABLES
Table Key to Species Profiles
Table 1: Tables associated with attributes in the species profiles and list of abbreviations used in the
key to the species profiles (Figures 61 and 62).
Attribute /
Abbreviations Meaning Table / Figure
Level in Species Profile
Date of 1st Record First published report of a NIS
NWP Northwest Pacific
NEP Northeast Pacific
Established
Whether NIS is established in NEP,
Hawaii, or NWP. Natives assumed to
be established.
Vectors - Level 1 Table 2
SH Ships “
MS Moveable structures “
AF Aquaculture and fisheries “
ID Infrastructure development
RE Research and education “
AP Aquarium and plant trade “
REC Recreation “
SF Seafood “
HR Habitat restoration and migration “
O Other “
Vectors - Level 2 “
BW Ballast water
SB Solid ballast “
HF Hull fouling “
S/R Stocking and release “
AE Aquaculture escape “
AA Aquaculture associated “
IR Illegal release “
A Aquarium “
P Plant “
Vectors - Level 3 AO Atlantic oyster “
PO Pacific oyster “
Regime Table 3
Ecosystem - Level 2 Table 4
SAV Submerged aquatic vegetation “
MAR Marsh “
MAN Mangrove “
D Dunes “
RI Rocky intertidal “
SR Subtidal rocky “
CR Coral reef “
O/M Oyster/mussel reef “
F Fouling assemblage “
K Kelp forest “
Ecosystem - Level 3 “
UV-CS Coastal shore “
UV-TF Tidal flat (estuaries) “
UV-SUB Subtidal (estuaries and oceanic) “
TP Tide pool “
51

Attribute /
Level in Species Profile
Abbreviations Meaning Table / Figure
RI-PH Rocky intertidal - Phyllospadix “
Depth Table 5
Unconsolidated Substrate Table 6
Consolidated Substrate -
Level 1
Consolidated Substrate -
Level 2
Table 6
R Rocky “
HP Hard pan “
C Coral “
O Oyster “
M Mussel “
W Worm Reef “
CA Coralline algae “
K Kelp “
RA Rooted aquatics “
MAN Mangrove “
DW Drift wood “
R Rip-rap “
P Pilings “
H + B Hull/Ballast “
Oth Other “
Salinity Table 7
Trophic Level and Feeding
- Level 1
Trophic Level and Feeding
- Level 2
“
Table 8
PAR Parasite “
SA Symbiotic algae “
PP Primary producer “
H Herbivore “
P Predator “
S Scavenger “
DET Detritivore “
DEC Decomposer “
SF Suspension feeder “
DF Deposit feeder “
DF-SUR Surface deposit feeder “
DF-SUB Subsurface deposit feeder “
Reproduction - Level 2 Table 9
H Hermaphrodite “
G/D Gonochoristic/Dioecious “
SF Spawning/Fertilization type “
BF Binary fission “
BUD Budding “
PAR/AGA Parthenogenic/Agamospermy “
VP Vegetative propagation “
SP Sporogenesis “
Early Development -
Level 1
“
Table 10
V Viviparous “
OVI Oviparous “
52

Attribute /
Level in Species Profile
Juvenile development and
dispersal - Level 1
Juvenile development and
dispersal - Level 2
Habitat Association -
Level 2
Habitat Association -
Level 3
Abbreviations Meaning Table / Figure
OVO Ovoviviparous “
Table 11
LP Larval phase “
FR Fragments “
SD Seeds “
SP Spores “
LP-B Benthic larvae “
LP-P Planktonic larvae “
“
Table 12
PL Pleuston “
NE Neuston “
SUB Submerged in water column “
DEM Demersal - motile “
SUR Surficial - non-motile “
UR Under rocks “
B Borer “
N Nestler “
SF Semi-infaunal “
IN Infaunal “
EPP Epiphytic “
EPZ Epizoic “
BP Benthopelagic “
EPS Epibenthic - swimming “
EPU Epibenthic - unconsolidated “
EPC Epibenthic - consolidated “
“
53

Vectors
Table 2: Definitions of terms for primary vectors of invasion.
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Definition
Ships and Boats
Transport associated with commercial vessels and
recreational boats.
Commercial
Transport associated with commercial vessels
including cruise ships and fishing boats.
Transport of organisms in ballast water, including
Ballast Water species growing on the interior of ballast water tanks
and in the sediment in the bottom of ballast tanks.
Transport of organisms living on or associated with
Solid Ballast solid ballast such as rocks. More important
historically.
Transport of organisms living on or associated with
Hull Fouling the hulls of commercial vessels, including organisms
ensnared on propellers.
Transport associated with other mechanisms on
Other commercial vessels, including bilge water and anchor
chains.
Transport of organisms associated with recreational
Recreational
boats, including boats limited to coastal/inland use and
ocean-going yachts.
Transport of organisms in ballast water, including
Ballast Water
species growing on the interior of ballast water tanks
and in the sediment in the bottom of ballast tanks.
Usually not a major vector in recreational boats.
Transport of organisms living on or associated with
Solid Ballast solid ballast such as rocks. More important
historically.
Transport of organisms living on or associated with
Hull Fouling the hulls of recreational boats, including organisms
ensnared on propellers.
Other
Transport associated with other mechanisms on
recreational boats.
Moveable
Transport of organisms on mobile seagoing structures
Structures
other than ships and boats.
Drilling Platforms
Transport of organisms associated with the movement
of drilling platforms or oil rigs.
Dry Docks
Transport of organisms associated with the movement
of floating dry docks.
Buoys
Transport of organisms associated with the movement
of buoys.
Other
Transport of organisms associated with other
moveable structures.
Aquaculture and
Fisheries
Transport of target species and “hitchhikers”
associated with enhancement of wild fisheries stocks
or aquaculture.
Intentional
Intentional release of a nonindigenous species usually
Stocking/Release
a fishery or recreational species.
Aquaculture
Escapees
Target aquaculture species escaping into the wild.
Aquaculture
Associated Species
Nonindigenous species associated with target
aquaculture species (hitchhikers) escaping into the
wild.
54

Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Definition
Atlantic Transport of species associated with Atlantic oysters,
oysters including Crassostrea virginica.
Pacific Transport of species associated with Pacific oysters,
oysters including Crassostrea gigas and C. ariakensis.
Intentional Illegal
Release
The intentional illegal release of nonindigenous
species by the public, often to establish a game
population.
Other
Other transport mechanisms associated with fisheries
and aquaculture.
Transport of organisms associated with activities
Infrastructure
related to the development and maintenance of water
Development
ways, agriculture, transportation, or forms of
commerce.
Transport associated with construction of a canal
Canals
between water bodies that were unconnected or had
only limited connection.
Navigation Transport associated with canals constructed to allow
Canals navigation of ships and barges.
Irrigation
Canals
Transport associated with canals constructed to
transport irrigation water, more important for
freshwater organisms.
Dredging
Transport associated with either the disposal of dredge
materials or on the dredgers and their equipment.
Other
Other transport mechanisms associated with
infrastructure development.
Research and
Accidental releases from facilities related to research
Education
or education.
Public Aquaria Accidental releases from public aquaria.
Research
Accidental releases from academic, governmental, or
private research facilities.
Other
Accidental releases from other types of research and
education facilities.
Aquarium and
Plant
Trade
Transport of organisms associated with the
importation, culture, selling, and personal
culture/release of aquarium species or ornamental
plants.
Aquarium Escapees
and Hitchhikers
Transport and subsequent escape of aquarium
fish/plants or of the flora and fauna associated with the
aquarium fish/plants and associated packing material.
Ornamental Plant
Transport and subsequent escape of ornamental plants
Escapees and
or of the flora and fauna associated with ornamental
Hitchhikers
plants and their soil and packing material.
Other
Other transport mechanisms related to the aquarium or
plant trade.
Recreation
Transport associated with outdoor recreational
activities (other than gardening).
Live Bait and
Transport associated with release of live bait or the
Packing
packing material, including water, used in live bait.
Other
Other transport mechanisms associated with
recreational water activities.
Live Seafood Transport associated with live seafood trade
Processing
Transport associated with the processing phase of the
live seafood trade.
Release Purposeful or accidental release of live seafood.
55

Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Definition
Packing
Transport of “hitchhikers” associated with the packing
material used with live seafood.
Habitat
Transport associated with activities related to the
Restoration
creation or restoration of habitats, including control of
and Mitigation
invasive pests.
Transport associated with habitat restoration such as
Habitat Restoration
wetland creation. Includes both the species used in
habitat restoration and any “hitchhikers” associated
species, soil, or packing material.
Biocontrol
Introduction through non-native biocontrol species
becoming established.
Other/Unknown Vector either not included in above list or unknown.
Other Vector not captured in above list.
Unknown Unknown vector.
Regimes
Table 3: Definitions for the regime categories. Regimes are the broad physical and environmental
divisions based on a combination of salinity, geomorphology, and depth (see Madden et al., 2005).
Regime Class Definition
Terrestrial Land areas not directly impinging upon aquatic ecosystems.
Lakes and Ponds (Lentic) Body of standing fresh water, including wetlands.
Rivers, Streams, and Creeks (Lotic) Flowing bodies of freshwater, including riparian zones.
Estuaries and Lagoons
Coastal Fringe
Coastal Bay
Estuary: A semi-enclosed coastal water body with one or more rivers or
streams flowing into it and with a connection to the ocean. Salinities in
estuaries are normally below that of the bordering ocean water.
Lagoons: Shallow coastal water bodies separated from the ocean by a
barrier island or by shallow or exposed sandbanks or coral reefs.
Depending upon freshwater inputs and connection to the ocean, salinity
in lagoons can range from essentially fresh to hypersaline.
Area between terrestrial and nearshore or estuarine ecosystems with
primarily terrestrial characteristics but strongly effected by bordering
aquatic ecosystem (e.g., sand dunes, estuarine shrub/scrub wetland,
estuarine forest wetland).
A semi-enclosed segment of a coastline that has marine salinities or only
slightly reduced salinities.
Nearshore 0 – 30m. The outer coast; from the intertidal to 30m bathymetric isopleth.
Shelf
Oceanic
30 – 200m bathymetric isopleths. The benthos and water above that
borders the continent and extends out to where there is an increased slope
of the seafloor, approximately 200m depth.
> 200m bathymetric isopleths. Includes the benthos and water above the
continental slope and ocean floor.
56

Ecosystems
Table 4: Definitions for the ecosystem categories. Ecosystems are broad ecosystem types located within the regimes.
Major Habitat Type:
Level 1
Ecosystem Class:
Level 2
Ecosystem Class:
Level 3
Ecosystem Class:
Level 4
Definition
Unconsolidated
Ecosystems
Ecosystem types associated with sediment.
Unvegetated
Sediment environments where plants or algae do not
Sediment
dominate. Exposed sediment.
Coastal Shore
Sediment environments along the coast that are affected by
the tides and water activity (shore waves). i.e. sandy beaches
Clastic Sediments A sediment environment (beach) composed of rock fragments.
A sediment environment (beach) composed of calcium
Carbonate Sediment carbonate, including shells, calcified algae, and coral
skeletons.
Tide Flats
Relatively flat, sediment areas that are submerged or exposed
by the changing tides. Includes mud flats.
Sediment environments that are composed of shrimp burrows.
Burrowing Shrimp These environments are usually dominated by one species of
shrimp (e.g., Neotrypaea sp.).
Clastic Sediments
A tidal flat where the sediment is composed of rock
fragments.
A tidal flat where the sediment is composed of calcium
Carbonate Sediment carbonate. Sources include shells, calcified algae, and coral
skeletons.
Subtidal
Sediment that is covered by a body of water at all times,
without exposure to air due to tides.
Clastic Sediments
Sandy subtidal where the sediment is composed of rock
fragments.
Sandy subtidal where the sediment is composed of calcium
Carbonate Sediment carbonate. Sources include shells, calcified algae, and coral
skeletons.
Submerged Aquatic
Sediment environments that include and are dominated by
Vegetation (SAV)
aquatic plants that are covered by water, i.e. seagrasses.
Zostera SAV environments dominated by the seagrass Zostera.
Zostera marina
SAV environments dominated by the seagrass Zostera
marina. Z. marina is native to the Northeast Pacific (NEP).
57

Major Habitat Type:
Level 1
Ecosystem Class:
Level 2
Ecosystem Class:
Level 3
Ecosystem Class:
Level 4
Definition
Zostera japonica SAV environments dominated by the seagrass Zostera
japonica. Z. japonica is introduced to the NEP and native in
the Northwest Pacific (NWP).
Posidonia SAV environments dominated by plant species within the
genus Posidonia.
Halodule SAV environments dominated by plant species within the
genus Halodule (specific manatee grasses or seagrasses).
Cymodocea SAV environments dominated by plant species within the
genus Cymodocea (manatee grasses).
Syringodium SAV environments dominated by plant species within the
genus Syringodium (manatee grasses).
Thalassia SAV environments dominated by plant species within the
genus Thalassia (turtle grasses).
Ruppia SAV environments dominated by plant species within the
genus Ruppia (widgeonweed or widgeon grass).
Halophila SAV environments dominated by plant species within the
genus Halophila.
Other Sediment environments that are dominated by an aquatic plant
that is not included in the provided SAV choices.
Macroalgal Beds Sediment environments where macroalgae are dominant and
shape the habitat characteristics (e.g., algal mats of Ulva,
Porphyra).
Emergent Marsh Intertidal sediment environments dominated by vegetation that
is rooted in the soil. i.e. marsh grasses and salt tolerant
succulents.
Distichlis Marshes that are dominated by plant species within the genus
Distichlis.
Spartina Marshes that are dominated by plant species within the genus
Spartina (cord grasses).
Salicornia/
Marshes that are dominated by plant species within the genus
Sarcocornia
Salicornia (glasswort, pickleweed). Note that some species of
Salicornia are now referred to Sarcocornia.
Juncus Marshes that are dominated by plant species within the genus
Juncus.
Other Marshes that are dominated by an aquatic plant that is not
included in the provided marsh plant choices.
58

Major Habitat Type:
Level 1
Ecosystem Class:
Level 2
Ecosystem Class:
Level 3
Ecosystem Class:
Level 4
Definition
Mangrove
Intertidal sediment environments dominated by salt-tolerant
trees and shrubs. Found in tropical and subtropical areas.
Rhizophora
Mangrove forests that are dominated by plant species within
the genus Rhizophora.
Avicennia
Mangrove forests that are dominated by plant species within
the genus Avicennia (includes black mangroves).
Languncularia
Mangrove forests that are dominated by plant species within
the genus Languncularia.
Other
Mangrove forests that are dominated by an aquatic plant that
is not included in the provided marsh plant choices.
Dune Sand hills or ridges on land that are be created by wind.
Wrack
Dried vegetation and associated debris usually left behind by
the receding tide.
Other Sediment habitats not previously mentioned.
Consolidated Ecosystem Ecosystem types associated with hard substrate.
Rocky environments on the coastal shore that are periodically
Rocky Intertidal
exposed to both air and water. The zone between the high and
low tide marks.
Tide Pool
A pool of water left behind by the receding tide. Commonly
found in the rocky intertidal.
Phyllospadix
Rocky habitats dominated by species of surfgrass within the
genus Phyllospadix.
Caves
A chamber formed by rocks or another hard substrate (i.e. lava
tubes) in the intertidal zone.
Subtidal Rocky
Rocky environments below low tide mark that are always
submerged by water.
Coral Reef
Areas where the rocky substrate is dominated by reef forming
coral animals.
Oyster/ Mussel
Reef
Hard substrate that is covered or formed by bivalve shells.
Worm Reef
Hard substrate that is predominantly composed of worm
tubes.
Coralline Algae
Reef or Habitat
Hard substrate that is predominantly composed of calcified
algae. The algae can either be the encrusting form or the
unattached rhodolith form.
59

Major Habitat Type:
Level 1
Pelagic Ecosystem
Ecosystem Class:
Level 2
Kelp forest
Fouling
Other
Water
Column
Floating Vascular
Plants or
Macroalgae
Ecosystem Class:
Level 3
Ecosystem Class:
Level 4
Definition
Hard substrate that supports the growth of very large brown
algae (Laminariales and/or Fucales). These habitats tend to be
subtidal and occur in mid and high latitudes.
Hard substrate such as a boat hull that supports a community
of organisms.
Habitats associated with hard substrates that were not
previously mentioned.
The ocean water column and unobstructed surface. Open
water.
Open water habitat where organisms are completely
surrounded by water (no surfaces, sides, or floors); within the
pelagic zone.
Large mats/rafts of plants or algae that float unattached on the
water’s surface in the open ocean.
Flotsam Aggregated floating debris in the open ocean.
60

Depth
Table 5: Definitions for the depth categories for benthic and pelagic habitats.
Benthic/Pelagic Depth Class: Depth Class:
Definition
Level 1
Level 2
Benthic Associated with the seafloor.
The terrestrial area immediately surrounding
estuaries and oceans. It is the location of habitats
Coastal Fringe
such as coastal dunes and certain types of
intermittently flooded wetlands (e.g., forested
wetlands).
Area above the high water level that is
Supralittoral
periodically wetted by breaking waves or during
extreme storms. The splash zone.
The zone between the average daily highest high
tide and the average daily lowest low tide. This
Intertidal (MLLW-
zone is periodically submerged by water or
MHHW)
exposed to air. Also referred to as the littoral
zone, though some publications use littoral to
include the shallow subtidal.
Upper Intertidal
Highest intertidal zone, predominantly exposed to
the air.
Mid Intertidal Between the highest and lowest intertidal zone.
Lower Intertidal
Lowest intertidal zone, predominantly submerged
by water.
> 0 – 200m. Subtidal zone extending from the
Neritic
low water mark to the approximate edge of the
continental shelf. Also referred to as the
sublittoral zone.
Shallow Subtidal > 0 – 30m
Deep Subtidal >30 – 200m
>200 – 2000m. This benthic zone is below the
Bathyal
euphotic zone and extends down the continental
slope.
Abyssal
>2000 – 6000m. This zone has a temperature of
4°C or less. It is the largest benthic ocean zone.
Hadal
> 6000m. The deepest areas of the sea, including
ocean trenches.
Pelagic
The estuary or ocean water column and
unobstructed surface. Open water.
Epipelagic 0 – 200m
Surface 0 – 1m
Shallow > 1 - 30m
Deep > 30 – 200m
Mesopelagic >200 – 1000m
Bathypelagic > 1000 – 2000m
Abyssopelagic > 2000 – 6000m
Hadopelagic > 6000m
61

Substrate
Table 6: Definitions for substrate categories.
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Definition
Substrate composed of individual particles < 256 mm that are not
Unconsolidated
cemented together. Substrate that can be moved by tidal or ocean
currents or moved by larger organisms.
Unconsolidated sediment composed of >75%, by weight, particles
Mud
75%, by weight, particles in the
size range of 0.001-0.004 mm.
Silt
Unconsolidated sediment composed of >75%, by weight, particles in the
size range of 0.004-0.063 mm.
Mineral Mud primarily composed of rock fragments.
Carbonate
Mud primarily composed of carbonate sediments, such as muds derived
from corals.
Siliceous ooze
Mud composed of > 30% siliceous remains from diatoms, radiolarians,
siliceous sponges, and silicoflagellates.
Sand
Unconsolidated sediment composed of >75%, by weight, particles in the
size range of 0.063 - 2 mm.
Fine sand
Unconsolidated sediment composed of >75%, by weight, particles in the
size range of 0.063 - 0.25 mm.
Medium sand
Unconsolidated sediment composed of >75%, by weight, particles in the
size range of 0.25 - 0.5 mm.
Coarse sand
Unconsolidated sediment composed of >75%, by weight, particles in the
size range of 0.5 - 2 mm.
Mineral Sand primarily composed of rock fragments.
Carbonate Sand primarily composed of carbonate sediments, such as maerl.
Siliceous ooze
Sand composed of > 30% siliceous remains from diatoms, radiolarians,
siliceous sponges, and silicoflagellates.
Combination of mud and sand, where the two classes constitute >95%
Mixed fines
of the weight. Do not confuse with “mixed sediments”, a mixture of
mud/sand and cobble/gravel/rock.
Sandy mud
Unconsolidated substrate where mud constitutes 25-50% and sand 50-
75% of the weight.
Muddy sand
Unconsolidated substrate where mud constitutes

Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Definition
Carbonate Mixed fines primarily composed of carbonate sediments.
Siliceous ooze
Mixed fines composed of > 30% siliceous remains from diatoms,
radiolarians, siliceous sponges, and silicoflagellates.
Gravel
Unconsolidated sediment composed of >75%, by weight, of particles in
the range of 2 - 64 mm.
Clean gravel Gravel substrate with 5% mud intermixed.
Gravel w/sand Gravel substrate with > 5% sand intermixed.
Mineral Gravel primarily composed of rock fragments.
Carbonate Gravel primarily composed of carbonate sediments, such as maerl.
Consolidated
Cobble
Mixed sediments
Organic Sediment
Rock
Unconsolidated sediment composed of >75% by weight of particles in
the size range of 64–256 mm. In some classifications, cobble is
considered a consolidated sediment.
Clean cobble Cobble sediment with 5% mud intermixed.
Cobble w/sand Cobble sediment with > 5% sand intermixed.
Mineral Cobble composed primarily of rock fragments.
Carbonate Cobble composed primarily of carbonate.
Gravelly mud
Muddy gravel
Gravelly sand
Sandy gravel
Unconsolidated sediment composed of both sand and mud with gravel
or cobble, where gravel and cobble constitute >5% but 5% but 30% but 5% but 30% but 30% organic
matter (> 17% organic carbon) according to Howes and Kenik (1997).
Substrates composed of particles >256 mm or of unbroken rock.
Substrate not moved by organisms or tidal or ocean currents except in
extreme storms.
63

Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Definition
Boulder
Substrates composed of particles >256 mm but not forming a single
unbroken surface.
Bedrock
Unbroken rock. Includes both hard rocks and softer rocks, such as
chalk.
Hardpan
Sand, silt, or clay particles that are slightly cemented to well cemented
together to form a hard, and often flat, consolidated surface.
Biogenic Substrate composed of the surface of living or dead organisms.
Substrate primarily composed of living or dead corals. Coral broken
Coral
into silt, clay, sand, or cobble sized particles are classified as
unconsolidated carbonate sediments.
Substrate primarily composed of living or dead oyster shells. Shells
Oyster
broken into clay, silt, sand, or cobble sized particles are classified as
unconsolidated carbonate sediments.
Substrate primarily composed of living or dead mussel shells. Shells
Mussel
broken into clay, silt, sand, or cobble sized particles are classified as
unconsolidated carbonate sediments.
Worm reef
Substrate provided by worms with hard tubes constructed of sand grains
or calcium carbonate (e.g., Sabellariidae).
Coralline algae Calcareous substrate provided by algae of the Order Corallinales.
Kelp Substrate provided by the fronds and holdfasts of kelp.
Rooted Aquatic
Substrate provided by the leaves of rooted aquatic vegetation, including
emergent vegetation.
Mangrove Hard substrate provided by mangroves.
Drift wood Natural drift wood.
Other Other consolidated substrates not included in the list of biotic substrates.
Artificial Substrate Hard substrates placed into estuarine or oceanic environments.
Rip rap
Hard substrate provided by rocks and concrete used in breakwalls,
groins, jetties, and shoreline armoring.
Piling
Hard substrate provided by concrete and wood piling and piers to
support docks, bridges, and other superstructures.
Hulls & Ballast tanks
Hard substrate on the exterior or interior of ships and boats, including
derelict or decommissioned ships.
Other Other artificial substrates not listed above.
64

Salinity
Table 7: Definitions for the salinity classes.
Salinity Classes:
Level 1
Venice System:
Level 2
Division of Venice Classes:
Level 3
Definition
Fresh water < 0.5 psu
Brackish 0.5 - < 30 psu
Oligohaline 0.5 - < 5 psu
Beta-oligohaline 0.5 - < 3 psu
Alpha-oligohaline 3 - < 5 psu
Mesohaline 5 - < 18 psu
Beta-mesohaline 5 - < 10 psu
Alpha-mesohaline 10 - < 18 psu
Polyhaline 18 - < 30 psu
Beta-polyhaline 18 - < 25 psu
Alpha-polyhaline 25 - < 30 psu
Marine/Euhaline 30 - < 40 psu
Beta-euhaline 30 - < 36 psu
Alpha-euhaline 36 - < 40 psu
Hypersaline ≥ 40 psu
65

Trophic Modes
Table 8: Definitions for the trophic modes.
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Explanation
Primary
Metabolic energy derived from sunlight or chemosynthesis in contrast
Producer
to consumption of other organisms.
Photosynthetic Metabolic energy derived from photosynthesis.
Chemosynthetic
Metabolic energy derived from oxidation of methane, hydrogen
sulfide, or other reduced molecules.
Herbivore
An organism that feeds on plants. Species feeding on phytoplankton
via suspension feeding are covered under “Suspension Feeders”.
An organism that feeds by rasping benthic algae from sediment,
Grazer
rocks, or leaf surfaces. May consume some smaller benthic
organisms, but if animals are dominant food source, the species is
classified as a predator.
Folivore Feeds on leaves.
Other Herbivore feeding mechanism not included in the above list.
Predator Feeds on animals.
Secondary
Predator feeding primarily on herbivores. Also called a Primary
Consumer
predator.
Tertiary Consumer
Predator feeding primarily on secondary consumers. Also called a
Secondary predator.
Quaternary
Predator feeding primarily on tertiary consumers. Also called a
Consumer
Tertiary predator.
Quinary Consumer
Predator feeding primarily on quaternary consumers. Also called a
Quaternary predator.
Scavenger
Feeds on dead organic material. Usually used for species feeding on
larger particles or animal remains
Detritovore
In contrast to scavengers, feed on small detritus (i.e. plant and animal
remains).
Decomposer
Organisms that breakdown and digest dead organisms. Bacteria and
fungi are major decomposer groups.
Suspension
Feeds on phytoplankton, zooplankton, and/or suspended particles in
Feeder
the water column.
Active
Captures planktonic particles by pumping or sweeping water past a
filter.
Passive
Utilizes ocean currents to transport planktonic particles past a
particle-trapping mechanism, such a filter or sticky trap.
Obligate Feeds only as a suspension feeder.
66

Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Explanation
Facultative
Switches between suspension feeding and other feeding mechanism,
such as deposit feeding.
Deposit Feeder
Ingests sediment particles, feeding on the associated detritus,
microflora, and microorganisms.
Surface Deposit
Feeder
Ingests particles at the sediment interface.
Subsurface Deposit
Feeder
Ingests subsurface particles.
Obligate Feeds only as a deposit feeder.
Facultative
Switches between deposit feeding and other feeding modes, such as
suspension feeding.
Other Feeding mechanism not included in the above list.
Parasite/
Organisms that feed on host and are physiologically / metabolically
Disease
dependent upon host. Usually smaller than host.
Ectoparasite External parasite, including gill parasites.
Endoparasite Internal parasite.
Species deriving nutrition from symbiotic microflora, such as many
Disease
corals. This classification is for the host species; the microflora would
be classified as a primary producer.
Symbiotic
Algae
Species deriving nutrition from symbiotic microflora, such as many
corals. This classification is for the host species; the microflora would
be classified as a primary producer.
67

Reproductive Strategies
Table 9: Definitions for the terms describing various reproductive strategies.
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Explanation
Asexual
reproduction
Reproduction without the fusion of gametes.
Binary fission Splitting into two approximately equal parts.
Budding and fragmentation
Splitting into unequal parts. Buds may form on the body of the
Sexual
Reproduction
Parthenogenesis
Agamospermy
Vegetative propagation
Sporogenesis
Hermaphrodite/Monoecious
Gonochoristic / Dioecious
“parent”.
In animals, parthenogenesis is the development of an unfertilized
egg. In plants, agamospermy (apomixes) is the production of
fertile seeds without pollination.
Heterogamy Alternation between sexual and asexual reproductive phases.
Monoecious
(plants)
Synchronous
Hermaphrodite
(animal)
Sequential
Hermaphrodite
(animal)
Migratory
Self fertilizing:
Y/N
Self fertilizing:
Y/N
Formation of new individuals in plants without the production of
spores or seeds by stolons (runners) or formation of bulbs. Forms
a plant colony.
Reproduction and dispersal through formation of spores. Spores
differ from seeds in having little food reserves. Most spores are
haploid and may be part of an alternation of haploid and diploid
life history stages. Red algae have both diploid and haploid
spores.
Reproduction through the fusion of gametes (fertilization).
Plants having separate male and female flowers on the same
individual plant.
Animals having both male and female sexual organs at the same
time (= simultaneous hermaphrodites).
Animals that change from one sex to the other.
Protandry Initially a male and changes to a female.
Protogyny Initially a female and changes to a male.
Having separate sexes. In plants, male and female flowers are
produced on different individuals.
Anadromous
Fish that spend most of their lives in saltwater and migrate to
freshwater to breed.
68

Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Explanation
Fertilization / Spawning
Type
Catadromous
Fish that spend most of their lives in freshwater and migrate to
saltwater to breed.
Internal
fertilization
Copulation with both eggs and sperm internal.
Fertilization
External Eggs
Female lays egg mass and male fertilizes externally.
Freecast
In animals, males and/or females discharge gametes directly into
spawners
the water column.
Broadcast Both males and females discharge gametes into the water
spawner column.
Spermcast
spawner
Only male discharges gametes into the water column.
Pollination In plants, fertilization of female floral structures by pollen.
69

Early Development Mechanisms
Table 10: Definitions for early development mechanisms.
Early Development Mechanism
Level 1 Level 2
Viviparous
Oviparous
Ovoviviparous (brooder)
External eggs
Juvenile Development and Dispersal
Egg mass carried by female
Table 11: Definitions for juvenile development and dispersal.
Juvenile Development/Dispersal
Definition
Development takes place within the
female and embryo derives
nourishment from the mother.
Eggs are laid by the female and
develop outside of either parent.
Eggs are laid directly in the
environment in an egg case, egg mass,
or spawned into the water column.
Eggs are carried as an external egg
mass by the female, such as by many
crabs (e.g., berried crab).
Eggs develop within the female, or
male in some cases, but the embryo
derives no nourishment from the
parent. A brooder.
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Definition
Direct
development
Development without a larval phase.
Ametabolous
Juvenile development with no major
change in body form.
Juvenile development with incomplete
Hemimetabolous
metamorphosis. In insects, consisting of
an egg, nymph, and adult stage.
Juvenile development with complete
Holometabolous
metamorphosis. In insects, consisting of
an embryo, larvum, pupa, and imago
(adult) stage.
Development with a morphologically
Larval phase
distinct, free-living dispersive stage.
Often occupies a different habitat than
the adult.
Benthic larvae
Lecithotrophy
Planktotrophy
Larvae that remain on the bottom or
within the tubes of adults.
Benthic larvae that derive nourishment
from yolk.
Benthic larvae that derive nourishment
by feeding.
70

Juvenile Development/Dispersal
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Definition
Planktonic larvae
Brooded
Free living
Duration of
larval phase
Lecithotrophy
Planktotrophy
Teleplanic
Duration of
larval phase
Units
Units
The larval phase is brooded within the
adult or tube of the adult.
The larval phase is totally separated
from the adult.
Maximum duration of larval phase and
units (hours, days, months).
Larvae that spend at least part of the
larval phase in the water column.
Planktonic larvae that derive
nourishment from yolk.
Planktonic larvae that derive
nourishment by feeding.
Larvae with an extended planktonic
phase and a corresponding capacity for
long-distance dispersal.
Maximum duration of larval phase and
units (hours, days, months).
Fragments
Animals or plants that can disperse
through transport of fragments.
Seeds Plants that can disperse through seeds.
Spores
Animals or plants that can disperse
through transport of spores.
71

Habitat Types
Table 12: Definitions of habitat types.
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Definition
Pelagic
Organisms inhabiting the water column exclusive of the
layer immediately above the bottom.
Buoyant organisms with part of the body protruding above
Pleuston
the sea surface and often subject to wind drift. Includes both
animals, such as the Portuguese Man-of-War and Velella
and plants floating at the surface.
Benthic
Neuston
Pelagic
submerged
Demersal
Surficial
(Epibenthic Non
swimming)
Benthopelagic
Epibenthic - swimming
Permanent
benthopelagic
Hyperbenthos
Pelagic organisms that float at the water surface but do not
protrude above the sea surface as do pleuston.
Free-living pelagic organisms that spend all or the vast
majority of their time fully submerged under the surface,
and are not closely associated with the layer immediately
above the bottom.
Organisms living in, on, or immediately above a
consolidated or unconsolidated substrate.
Mobile animals living on or near the bottom and that swim
as a normal part of their routine and not just in response to
disturbance.
Animals living all or part of their life in the water column
directly above but not on the bottom.
Animals that spends all or most of their adult life living in
the water column above the bottom.
Benthic animals that make periodic forays from the bottom
into the water column, such as some of the corophiid
amphipods.
Animals living in direct contact with the sediment that are
able to swim as part of its normal adult life cycle, such as
flatfish.
Organisms living on the surface of either consolidated or
unconsolidated substrate, including both sessile and vagile
species but not species that routinely swim.
72

Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Definition
Under rock
Cryptofauna
Borer
Epibenthic
unconsolidated
Epibenthic
consolidated
Rock
Epifauna
unconsolidated
Epiphytos
unconsolidated
Epifauna
consolidated
Epiphytos
consolidated
Primary space
holder (Y/N)
Organisms living on mud (epipelic) or sand (epipsammic),
including mobile non-swimming fauna that primarily live
on the surface of the sediment, macrophytes growing in the
sediment, and microflora living on mud or sand particles.
Non-swimming mobile animals living on the surface of
unconsolidated substrates. Larger species sampled in trawls,
such as sea cucumbers and scallops, are referred to as
megabenthos.
Plants, including macrophytes, macroalgae, and microflora
living in or on the surface of unconsolidated substrates,
including diatoms attached to mud or sand particles.
Macrophytes (e.g., Zostera) are included so as to capture
the primary producers as well the soft-bottom fauna.
Sessile (e.g., barnacles, algae) and vagile (e.g., snails)
organisms living on the surface of rocks (epilithic) or other
inorganic hard substrates including man-made structures.
Sessile and vagile animals living on the surface of rocks and
other inorganic hard substrates.
Plants, including macrophytes, macroalgae and microflora,
living on the surface of rocks and other inorganic hard
substrates.
Facultative mobile or non-mobile organisms directly
colonizing the substrate surface and occupying space.
Species that live beneath rock or other hard substrates (e.g.,
shell rubble, debris).
Sessile and vagile organisms living in the interstices and
crevices formed by epibenthic organisms or their structures,
such as formed by mussel beds, living corals, and coral
rubble.
Organisms that bore into living or dead consolidated
substrate.
Organisms that bore into rocks or artificial hard substrate.
The endolithobiont of Taylor and Wilson (2002).
Clay Organisms that bore into hard clays.
73

Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Definition
Epibiotic
Nestler
Semi-infauna
Shell & Coral
Wood
Organisms that bore into living and dead shells, including
corals. The endozoobiont of Taylor and Wilson (2002).
Organisms that bore into living or dead wood. The
endoxylobiont of Taylor and Wilson (2002).
Bivalve or other animal living within an existing crevice in
a consolidated substrate, such as Hiatella. The “WN” class
of Todd (2001).
Animals partially buried in mud or sand and partially
exposed in the water column, such as the bivalve Modiolus
(see Bush et al., 2007).
Infauna Animals living within unconsolidated sediment.
Macrofauna
Meiofauna
Microfauna
Animals living within unconsolidated sediment that are
large enough to displace sediment particles. Macrofauna
can be operationally defined as animals retained on 0.5 mm
mesh screen. Macrofauna generally have more direct
contact with overlying water than meiofauna.
Shallow =5 cm deep
Animals living within the interstitial spaces in
unconsolidated sediments. There is not agreed upon size
range, but they can be operationally defined as organisms
less than 0.5 mm and greater than 50 microns.
Shallow =5 cm deep
Multicellular and single-celled organisms living within
interstitial spaces in unconsolidated sediments, and smaller
than meiofauna. Can be operationally defined as organisms
less than 50 microns.
Shallow =5 cm deep
Organisms living on surface of a living or dead organism.
Relationship may be mutualistic, parasitic, or commensal.
Classified as pelagic or benthic depending upon species it
colonizes.
74

Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Definition
Epiphytic Living on surface of living or dead plant.
Epizoic Living on surface of a living or dead animal.
Secondary
space holder
(Y/N)
Facultative mobile or non-mobile epibiotic organisms
colonizing the surface of a primary space holder.
Other Species living in habitats not captured in those listed above.
75

Kingdom: Fungi
Phylum: Ascomycota
76

77
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Claviceps purpurea var. spartinae
Taxon: Fungi
Kingdom: Fungi
Subkingdom: Phylum: Ascomycota
Subphylum: Pezizomycotina Superclass: Class: Sordariomycetes
Subclass: Hypocreomycetidae Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Hypocreales Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Clavicipitaceae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Duncan & White, 2002
Hawaii
Species ID: 101845
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:32:44 PM
NEP
1888
San Diego, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Claviceps purpurea var. spartinae is a fungus that infects Spartina species. It was apparently present in San
Diego since 1888, before the introduction of the East Coast Spartina to the NEP. Its native range is unknown but is
possibly the North Atlantic.
78

Claviceps purpurea var. spartinae Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
X
Mud
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
X
MAR
X
Shelf
MAN
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish P
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O O O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA
P
MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
79
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P X X
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
Pelagic
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Benthic Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
X
SP
X

Cytospora rhizophorae
Taxon: Fungi
Kingdom: Fungi
Subkingdom: Phylum: Ascomycota
Subphylum: Pezizomycotina Superclass: Class: Sordariomycetes
Subclass: Sordariomycetidae Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Diaporthales Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Valsacese Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Kohlmeyer & E. Kohlmeyer, 1971
Hawaii
1902
Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 220559
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:32:44 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Cytospora rhizophorae is a fungus on marine mangroves, presumably introduced into Hawaii with the
importation of the mangrove Rhizophora from Florida in 1902.
NEP
80
O

Cytospora rhizophorae Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
X
Mud
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
MAN
X
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish P
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN
P
DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
81
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC
X
SF
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P X X
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
Pelagic
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Benthic Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP
X

Etheirophora blepharospora
Taxon: Fungi
Kingdom: Fungi
Subkingdom: Phylum: Ascomycota
Subphylum: Pezizomycotina Superclass: Class: Sordariomycetes
Subclass: Hypocreomycetidae Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Hypocreomycetidae incertae sed Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Lophiostomataceae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Keissleriella blepharospora Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Species ID: 220560
Taxonomic Author: (Kohlm. & E. Kohlm.) Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., 1989
1902
Hawaii
Yes
Hawaii
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:32:44 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Etheirophora blepharospora is a fungi on mangroves, including several species of Rhizophora and Ceriops.
Carlton and Eldredge (2009) list it as a Western Atlantic fungi, however, it also occurs throughout the Indo-Pacific and
Indian Ocean (Shearer and Raja, 2010). We list it as unclassified except for Hawaii.
82
NEP

Etheirophora blepharospora Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X TP RI-PH
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
X
Mud
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish P
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
83
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P X X
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
Pelagic
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Benthic Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
X
SP
X

Kingdom: Chromista
Phylum: Cercozoa
84

85
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Bonamia ostreae
Taxon: Cercozoan
Kingdom: Chromista
Subkingdom: Harosa Phylum: Cercozoa
Subphylum: Endomyxa Superclass: Class: Ascetosporea
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Haplosporida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Haplosporiidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Species ID: 120192
Taxonomic Author: Pichot, Comps, Tigé, Grizel & Rabouin, 1980
Hawaii
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:59:14 PM
NEP
late 1970s
Puget Sound, WA
Yes
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
AO X PO
Comments: The origin of the oyster parasite, Bonamia ostreae, appears to be a hatchery in central California. Shipments
of Ostera edulis spread the parasite to Puget Sound, the eastern United States, and France. We classify Puget Sound as
invaded, though it is possible that this parasite was naturally present in low abundances throughout the NEP.
86

Bonamia ostreae Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
X
Mud
Sand
Intertidal
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal O
O Sub-Shallow
O
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
X
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish P
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O
P
M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
87
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
Pelagic
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Benthic Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Haplosporidium nelsoni
Taxon: Cercozoan
Kingdom: Chromista
Subkingdom: Harosa Phylum: Cercozoa
Subphylum: Endomyxa Superclass: Class: Ascetosporea
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Haplosporida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Haplosporiidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Haplosporidian nelsoni Convention MSX
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Haskin, Stauber & Mackin, 1966
Hawaii
Species ID: 3373
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:59:14 PM
NEP
1990
Drakes Estero, CA
Unknown
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
AO PO X
Comments: Haplosporidium nelsoni (MSX) is a virulent parasite of oysters including Crassostrea virginica C. gigas.
Based on the similarity of H. nelsoni and the Haplosporidium sp. in Asia, NEMESIS suggests that C. gigas from Asia
was the likely vector. H. nelsoni has been reported from California estuaries but to date has been asymptomatic.
88

Haplosporidium nelsoni Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
X
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
O Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
X
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Pref: 15 - psu]
Fresh Brackish P
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O O P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O
P
M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
89
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P X
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
Pelagic
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Benthic Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
X
SP

Kingdom: Chromista
Phylum: Ciliophora
90

91
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Ancistrocoma pelseneeri
Taxon: Ciliate
Kingdom: Chromista
Subkingdom: Harosa Phylum: Ciliophora
Subphylum: Intramacronucleata Superclass: Class: Phyllopharyngea
Subclass: Rhynchodia Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Rhynchodida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Ancistrocomidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Chatton & Lwoff, 1926
Hawaii
Species ID: 3341
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:00:53 PM
NEP

Ancistrocoma pelseneeri Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
TP RI-PH
X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
X
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 8 - 25psu] [Pref: - 25psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
O O P P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O M
O
W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
93
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
DD
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P X
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
Pelagic
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Benthic Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Ancistrum cyclidioides
Taxon: Ciliate
Kingdom: Chromista
Subkingdom: Harosa Phylum: Ciliophora
Subphylum: Intramacronucleata Superclass: Class: Oligohymenophorea
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Thigmotrichida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Ancistridae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: Gulf of Naples, Italy
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Issel, 1918)
Hawaii
Species ID: 3342
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:00:53 PM
NEP

Ancistrum cyclidioides Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
X
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
O O P P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
95
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P X
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
Pelagic
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Benthic Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Boveria teredinidi
Taxon: Ciliate
Kingdom: Chromista
Subkingdom: Harosa Phylum: Ciliophora
Subphylum: Intramacronucleata Superclass: Class: Oligohymenophorea
Subclass: Scuticociliatia Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Thigmotrichida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Hemispeiridae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Boveria xenkewitchi Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Nelson, 1923
Hawaii
Species ID: 3467
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:00:53 PM
NEP

Boveria teredinidi Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
X
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: - 27psu] [Pref: - 27psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
O P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
97
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P X
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
Pelagic
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Benthic Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Conidophrys pilisuctor
Taxon: Ciliate
Kingdom: Chromista
Subkingdom: Harosa Phylum: Ciliophora
Subphylum: Intramacronucleata Superclass: Class: Oligohymenophorea
Subclass: Apostomatia Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Pilisuctorida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Conidophryidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Mycodinium pilisuctor Synonym
Type Locality: Etang de Thau, France
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Chatton & Lwoft, 1934
Hawaii
Species ID: 3344
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:00:53 PM
NEP
1948
Newport Bay, California
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
X
AO PO
Comments: Conidophyrs pilisuctor is a Northeast Atlantic ectocommensal found on many Malacostraca, including
species of Gammarus, Limnoria, Corophium, Monocorophium, and Idothea, as well as the freshwater Hyalella azteca.
In the NEP, it is found on the non-native M. acherusicum and L. lignorum, and thus is considered nonindigenous.
98

Conidophrys pilisuctor Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
TP RI-PH X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
X
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
O
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - psu]
Fresh O Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
O O O O O O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
99
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
DD
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P X
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
Pelagic
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Benthic Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Cothurnia limnoriae
Taxon: Ciliate
Kingdom: Chromista
Subkingdom: Harosa Phylum: Ciliophora
Subphylum: Intramacronucleata Superclass: Class: Oligohymenophorea
Subclass: Peritricha Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Sessilida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Vaginicolidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: Europe
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Dons, 1927
Hawaii
Species ID: 3345
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:00:53 PM
NEP
1927 (1870?)
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
X
AO PO
Comments: Cothurnia limnoriae is an ectoparasite on the legs of the wood-boring isopod, Limnoria. The native range of
C. limnoriae is unknown, but it is considered introduced in regions where it is found on non-native Limnoria.
100

Cothurnia limnoriae Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
X
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
O O O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
101
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P X
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
Pelagic
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Benthic Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Eufolliculina lignicola
Taxon: Ciliate
Kingdom: Chromista
Subkingdom: Harosa Phylum: Ciliophora
Subphylum: Postciliodesmatophora Superclass: Class: Heterotrichea
Subclass: Spirotricha Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Heterotrichida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Folliculinidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Folliculinopsis lignicola Synonym
Type Locality: Breton Coast of France
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 1965
Loc 1st record: Tatokushima Is., Japan
Established: Yes
Taxonomic Author: (Fauré-Fremiet, 1936)
Hawaii
1961
Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 170110
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:00:53 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
X
AO PO
Comments: Eufolliculina lignicola is associated with the burrows of the wood-boring isopod, Limnoria. Its native range
is not known, but it is considered introduced in Hawaii because it inhabits the burrows of non-native Limnoria. It is
listed as unclassified in Japan and Europe because it is not known whether the species of infested Limnoria in these
areas are native or introduced.
102
NEP

Eufolliculina lignicola Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
O O O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
103
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P X
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Lagenophrys cochinensis
Taxon: Ciliate
Kingdom: Chromista
Subkingdom: Harosa Phylum: Ciliophora
Subphylum: Intramacronucleata Superclass: Class: Oligohymenophorea
Subclass: Peritricha Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Sessilida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Lagenophryidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: Cochin, India
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Santhakumari & Gopalan, 1980
Hawaii
Species ID: 101846
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:00:53 PM
NEP
1931
Humboldt Bay, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
X
AO PO
Comments: Lagenophrys cochinensis is a peritrich ciliate that is an ectocommensal on tanaids and isopods, including
the burrowing Sphaeroma quoianum. L. cochinensis is considered a NIS in the NEP, and may be native to New Zealand
(Foissner, 2006).
104

Lagenophrys cochinensis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
TP RI-PH
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
X
Mud
O
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
O Sub-Shallow
O
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish P
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
105
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DD
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P X
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
Pelagic
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Benthic Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Lobochona prorates
Taxon: Ciliate
Kingdom: Chromista
Subkingdom: Harosa Phylum: Ciliophora
Subphylum: Intramacronucleata Superclass: Class: Phyllopharyngea
Subclass: Chonotrichia Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Exogemmida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Lobochonidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Spirochona crystallina Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Mohr, Le Veque, & Matsudo, 1963
Hawaii
Species ID: 3346
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:00:53 PM
NEP
1870?
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Lobochona prorates is a gill parasite of the wood-boring isopod, Limnoria. Its native region is unknown,
but is assumed to be introduced in areas where it is found on non-native Limnoria.
106
O
X

Lobochona prorates Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
X
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: - 32psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
O O O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
107
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P X
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
Pelagic
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Benthic Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Mirofolliculina limnoriae
Taxon: Ciliate
Kingdom: Chromista
Subkingdom: Harosa Phylum: Ciliophora
Subphylum: Postciliodesmatophora Superclass: Class: Heterotrichea
Subclass: Spirotricha Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Heterotrichida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Folliculinidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Giard, 1883) Dons, 1928
Hawaii
1961
Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 3347
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:00:53 PM
NEP

Mirofolliculina limnoriae Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
X
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
O O O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
109
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P X
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
Pelagic
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Benthic Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Sphenophyra dosiniae
Taxon: Ciliate
Kingdom: Chromista
Subkingdom: Harosa Phylum: Ciliophora
Subphylum: Intramacronucleata Superclass: Class: Oligohymenophorea
Subclass: Scuticociliatia Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Thigmotrichida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Sphenophyra myae Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Chatton & Lwoff, 1926
Hawaii
Species ID: 3348
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:00:53 PM
NEP
1946
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Sphenophyra dosiniae is a ciliate that infects clams, including Dosinia exoleta, Timoclea ovata, Corbula
gibba, Spisula solidissima, Mya truncata and M. arenaria in its native Europe. In the San Francisco Estuary, it infects
the introduced M. arenaria and the native Cryptomya californica.
110

Sphenophyra dosiniae Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
X
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
O Sub-Shallow
O
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
111
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P X
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
Pelagic
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Benthic Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Kingdom: Chromista
Phylum: Foraminifera
112

113
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Haynesina germanica
Taxon: Forams
Kingdom: Chromista
Subkingdom: Harosa Phylum: Foraminifera
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polythalamea
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Rotaliida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Nonionoidea Family: Nonionidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Elphidium incertum obscurum Synonym
Nonion germanicum Synonym
Protoelphidium germanica Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Ehrenberg, 1840)
Hawaii
Species ID: 4250
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:04:55 PM
1978
Unknown
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
Comments:
AO PO
REC
NEP
SF
HR
114
O

Haynesina germanica Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
X X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
MAN
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 20m] [Pref: 0 - 20m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: - 80%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
P
P
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 2 - 35psu] [Pref: 12 - 22psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline P Mesohaline P Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
O O O P P O
K
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
X
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
115
H
Supralittoral
H
X
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET
X
DEC SF
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF X
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P X
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Trochammina hadai
Taxon: Forams
Kingdom: Chromista
Subkingdom: Harosa Phylum: Foraminifera
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polythalamea
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Trochamminida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Trochamminoidea Family: Trochamminidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Uchio, 1962
Hawaii
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
Comments:
AO PO X
Species ID: 2517
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:04:55 PM
NEP
1971
Puget Sound, WA
Yes
REC
SF
HR
116
O

Trochammina hadai Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
TP RI-PH
X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
P
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
O
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 17m] [Pref: 0.05 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep O
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 12 - 33psu] [Pref: 28 - 32psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
O O P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
117
H
Supralittoral
H
X
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS
X
P
X
DD
X
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU
X
EPC
X
F
SP
SP

Kingdom: Chromista
Phylum: Ochrophyta
Class: Bacillariophyceae
118

119
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Attheya armata
Taxon: Diatom
Kingdom: Chromista
Subkingdom: Harosa Phylum: Ochrophyta
Subphylum: Khakista Superclass: Class: Bacillariophyceae
Subclass: Coscinodiscophycidae Infraclass: Superorder: Chaetocerotanae
Order: Chaetocerotanae incertae sedis Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Attheyaceae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Attheya armatus Convention surf diatom
Chaetoceros armatum Misspelling
Chaetoceros armatus Synonym
Gonioceros armatum Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (T. West) R. M. Crawford, 1994
Hawaii
Species ID: 3337
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:03:25 PM
about 1950
Oregon, USA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Attheya armata's origins are in the southern Atlantic and Pacific. High concentrations of the surf diatom,
Attheya armata, can discolor the surf in Washington and Oregon.
NEP
120
O

Attheya armata Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
Epi-Surface
P
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
P
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
Intertidal
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY [Obs: - 36psu] [Pref: - 36psu]
Brackish Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
121
H
Supralittoral
H
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P X
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic X Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X X BP EPS EPU
X
EPC
F
VP
SP
SP
X

Pseudo-nitzschia americana
Taxon: Diatom
Kingdom: Chromista
Subkingdom: Harosa Phylum: Ochrophyta
Subphylum: Khakista Superclass: Class: Bacillariophyceae
Subclass: Bacillariophycidae Infraclass: Superorder: Bacillariophycanae
Order: Bacillariales Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Bacillariaceae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Nitzschia americana Synonym
Type Locality: Atlantida, Uruguay
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 1994
Loc 1st record: Seas of Japan and Okhotsk
Established: Yes
Taxonomic Author: (Hasle) Fryxell, 1993
Hawaii
Species ID: 220058
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:03:25 PM
Unknown
Unknown
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Pseudo-nitzschia americana is an epiphyte on diatoms, and has been found in temperate and tropical waters
all over the world. Zvyagintsev et al. (2011) classify it as NIS in the Seas of Japan and Okhotsk based on its recent
(1994) appearance. We tentatively classify as NIS in the NWP, though additional studies are required.
122
NEP

Pseudo-nitzschia americana Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
P
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 30m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 11 - 33psu] [Pref: 26 - 32psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
P
P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
123
H
Supralittoral
H
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P X
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
Pelagic X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Benthic Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP
X

Kingdom: Chromista
Phylum: Ochrophyta
Class: Phaeophyceae
124

125
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Ascophyllum nodosum
Taxon: Brown alga
Kingdom: Chromista
Subkingdom: Harosa Phylum: Ochrophyta
Subphylum: Phaeista Superclass: Fucistia Class: Phaeophyceae
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Fucales Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Fucaceae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ascophyllum nodosum var. scorpioides Synonym knotted wrack
Fucodium nodosum Synonym
Halicoccus nodosus Synonym
Ozothallia nodosa Synonym
Type Locality: Atlantic Ocean
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Linnaeus) Le Jolis, 1863
Hawaii
Species ID: 4242
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:06:07 PM
NEP
before 1979
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Unknown
VECTORS
SH MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P X X
AO PO
Comments: Ascophyllum nodosum is used to pack bait worms and lobster from the Atlantic coast. It has been found
periodically in San Francisco. It was thought to be eradicated in 2002; however, mats were found in 2008. It appears
that this species is regularly introduced "but manages to thrive locally only occasionally" (Miller, 2008).
126

Ascophyllum nodosum Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
O
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
O
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 4m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
P Sub-Shallow
O
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
X
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR
X
CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 40psu] [Pref: 15 - 30psu]
Fresh O Brackish P Marine P Hyper O
Oligohaline O Mesohaline P Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P O
O O O P P P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
127
H
Supralittoral
H
O
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI X
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic X Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
SP
SP
X

Cutleria multifida
Taxon: Brown alga
Kingdom: Chromista
Subkingdom: Harosa Phylum: Ochrophyta
Subphylum: Phaeista Superclass: Fucistia Class: Phaeophyceae
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Cutleriales Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Cutleriaceae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Dictyota penicillata Synonym Hira-muchimo
Padinella parvula Synonym
Ulva multifida Synonym
Zonaria multifida C.Agardh, 1820 Synonym
Type Locality: Yarmouth, Norfolk, England
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 1957
Loc 1st record: Sasebo Bay, Japan
Established: Yes
Taxonomic Author: (Turner) Greville, 1830
Hawaii
Species ID: 3012002
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:06:07 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
AO X PO
Comments: Hewitt et al. (2004) classify Cutleria multifida as cryptogenic in Port Phillip, Australia. However, we
classify it as NIS in Australia based on Inglis et al. (2006e) and Nelson (1999) and its global distribution.
NEP
128
O

Cutleria multifida Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 30m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
O Sub-Shallow
O
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
O
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
X X
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 29 - 42psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper O
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
129
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
X IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
RI X
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
SP
SP

Desmarestia ligulata
Taxon: Brown alga
Kingdom: Chromista
Subkingdom: Harosa Phylum: Ochrophyta
Subphylum: Phaeista Superclass: Fucistia Class: Phaeophyceae
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Desmarestiales Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Desmarestiaceae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Desmarestia adriatica Synonym
Desmarestia jordanii Synonym
Desmarestia ligulata var. angustior Synonym
Desmarestia ligulata var. dilatata Synonym
Type Locality: Scotland
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 2000
Loc 1st record: Dalian, China
Established: Yes
Taxonomic Author: (Stackhouse) J.V.Lamouroux, 1813
Native
Native
Yes
Hawaii
acid kelp
color changer
flattened acid kelp
Urushi-gusa
Species ID: 11049
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:06:07 PM
Native
Native
Yes
VECTORS
SH MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Desmarestia ligulata was introduced into Dalian, China from Japan (Chen et al., 2006a). Though its
classification in Japan is not clear, we tentatively classify it as native on the Pacific Coast of Japan. D. ligulata is a cold
temperate species with a bipolar distribution that also occurs in deeper waters in warm areas, such as Hawaii.
130
NEP

Desmarestia ligulata Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
O
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 56m] [Pref: 0 - 6m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR
X
CR O/M
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 27psu]
Fresh O Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
O O O O O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
131
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI X
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
X
SP

Dictyota flabellata
Taxon: Brown alga
Kingdom: Chromista
Subkingdom: Harosa Phylum: Ochrophyta
Subphylum: Phaeista Superclass: Fucistia Class: Phaeophyceae
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Dictyotales Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Dictyotaceae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Dictyota hesperia Synonym
Dictyota johnstonii Synonym
Dilophus flabellatus Synonym
Type Locality: La Jolla, California, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:

Dictyota flabellata Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 26m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
O Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
X
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
X X
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY
Brackish Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
O
O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
133
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
DD
RI X
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
X
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Elachista nigra
Taxon: Brown alga
Kingdom: Chromista
Subkingdom: Harosa Phylum: Ochrophyta
Subphylum: Phaeista Superclass: Fucistia Class: Phaeophyceae
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Ectocarpales Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Chordariaceae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Elachista orbicularis Synonym
Gonodia orbicularis Synonym
Type Locality: Japan
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Takamatsu, 1938
Hawaii
Species ID: 101868
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:06:07 PM
NEP
1984
Channel Islands, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
AO PO
Comments: Elachista nigra is an epiphyte on the kelp Eisenia arborea. In the NEP, it has only been found in the
Channel Islands, California.
134
O
X

Elachista nigra Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY
Brackish Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K
P
RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
135
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
Pelagic
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Benthic Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
X
SP

Fucus cottonii
Taxon: Brown alga
Kingdom: Chromista
Subkingdom: Harosa Phylum: Ochrophyta
Subphylum: Phaeista Superclass: Fucistia Class: Phaeophyceae
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Fucales Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Fucaceae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Fucus cottoni Misspelling moss wrack
Fucus muscoides Synonym
Fucus vesiculosus var. muscoides Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Wynne & Magne, 1991
Hawaii
Species ID: 3384
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:06:07 PM
NEP
1981
Vancouver Island, Canada
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
AO PO
Comments: Genetics on Fucus cottonii in Oregon indicate that it is a different species than the one described from
Ireland (Serrão et al., 2006), possibly the native F. distichus subsp. evanescens or Fucus gardneri. We list F. cottonii
with a conflicting classification for the NEP, recognizing that it may be native.
136

Fucus cottonii Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF
X
UV-SUB X
TP RI-PH
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
O
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
O
O
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
P
P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA
P
MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
137
H
Supralittoral
P
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
X IF FEE FCS
X
P
X
DD
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
SP
SP

Macrocystis pyrifera
Taxon: Brown alga
Kingdom: Chromista
Subkingdom: Harosa Phylum: Ochrophyta
Subphylum: Phaeista Superclass: Fucistia Class: Phaeophyceae
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Laminariales Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Laminariaceae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Fucus giganteus Synonym
Fucus pyrifer Synonym
Laminaria pyrifera Synonym
Macrocystis communis Synonym
Type Locality: South Atlantic Ocean
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: 1978
Loc 1st record: China
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Linnaeus) C.Agardh, 1820
Hawaii
1972
Makapuu, Oahu, Hawaii
No
bladder kelp
giant bladder kelp
giant kelp
Species ID: 4908
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:06:07 PM
NEP
Unknown
Prince William Sound, Alaska
Yes
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
X X AO PO
Comments: Recently all four species of Macrocystis were "collapsed' into a single species, M. pyrifera (Demes et al.,
2009). M. integrifolia [M. pyrifera] has been transported from its native range in southeast Alaska to Prince William
Sound for use in the herring fishery. However, it is apparently not established in the Gulf of Alaska.
138

Macrocystis pyrifera Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
O
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 55m] [Pref: 5 - 20m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR
X
CR O/M
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 22 - 34psu] [Pref: 27 - 30psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
O P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
139
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
RI X
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
SP
X
SP

Microspongium globosum
Taxon: Brown alga
Kingdom: Chromista
Subkingdom: Harosa Phylum: Ochrophyta
Subphylum: Phaeista Superclass: Fucistia Class: Phaeophyceae
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Ectocarpales Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Chordariaceae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ascocyclus globosus Synonym
Ectocarpus pulvinatus Synonym
Myrionema globosum Synonym
Phycocelis alariae Synonym
Type Locality: Germany
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Reinke, 1888
Hawaii
Species ID: 3385
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:06:07 PM
NEP
1998
Prince William Sound, Alaska
Yes
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P X
X
AO PO X
Comments: Microspongium globosum is a very small species (1-2 mm tall) that is epiphytic on the brown alga,
Delamaraea attenuata. It is possible that this species was overlooked rather than being a true introduction in the NEP
(Gayle Hansen, pers. comm. 9/21/2010).
140

Microspongium globosum Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 18m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
P Sub-Shallow
O
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY
Brackish Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K
P
RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
141
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
Pelagic
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Benthic Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Nemacystus decipiens
Taxon: Brown alga
Kingdom: Chromista
Subkingdom: Harosa Phylum: Ochrophyta
Subphylum: Phaeista Superclass: Fucistia Class: Phaeophyceae
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Ectocarpales Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Chordariaceae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Cladosiphon decipiens Synonym
Mesogloia decipiens Synonym
Type Locality: Japan (syntype)
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Suringar, 1872) Kuckuck, 1929
Hawaii
1963
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
mozuka
mozuku
Species ID: 220037
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:06:07 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
AO PO X
Comments: Abbott and Huisman (2004) consider Nemacystus decipiens indigenous to Hawaii, while Carlton and
Eldredge (2009) list it as introduced from Western and South Pacific.
NEP
142
O
X

Nemacystus decipiens Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
X X
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY
Brackish Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
143
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
RI
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
SP
SP

Pylaiella littoralis
Taxon: Brown alga
Kingdom: Chromista
Subkingdom: Harosa Phylum: Ochrophyta
Subphylum: Phaeista Superclass: Fucistia Class: Phaeophyceae
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Ectocarpales Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Pilayellaceae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ceramium littorale Synonym piraera
Conferva littoralis Synonym
Ectocarpus littoralis Synonym
Lyngbya littoralis (Linnaeus) Dillwyn ex Gaillon Synonym
Type Locality: Europe
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Linnaeus) Kjellman, 1872
Hawaii
1990s
Honolulu Harbor, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 2142
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:06:07 PM
Native
Native
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Based on its distribution, we tentatively classify Pylaiella littoralis as native in northern boreal and Arctic
regions and the NEP, introduced in Hawaii (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009), cryptogenic in the southern hemisphere, and
unclassified elsewhere. P. littoralis is often found as an epiphyte on brown algae, such as Fucus.
144
NEP

Pylaiella littoralis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
TP
X
RI-PH X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 6m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
P Sub-Shallow
O
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 5.7 - 34psu] [Pref: 11.3 - 34psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline P Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
O P P P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O P
O O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
145
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
X
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Ralfsia bornetii
Taxon: Brown alga
Kingdom: Chromista
Subkingdom: Harosa Phylum: Ochrophyta
Subphylum: Phaeista Superclass: Fucistia Class: Phaeophyceae
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Ralfsiales Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Ralfsiaceae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ralfsia bornetti Misspelling
Type Locality: Helgoland, Germany
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 1987
Loc 1st record: Vladivostok, Russia
Established: Unknown
Taxonomic Author: Kuckuck, 1894
Hawaii
Species ID: 2011617
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:06:07 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: The distribution of Ralfsia bornetii is confounded by several authors believing it is a life-history stage of
Stragularia clavata. Following Zvyagintsev et al. (2011), we treat it as a separate species and as introduced into the Sea
of Japan. Based on its distribution, we assume it is native to the North Atlantic.
146
NEP

Ralfsia bornetii Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY
Brackish Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K
O
RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
147
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI X
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
VP
SP
SP

Saccharina japonica
Taxon: Brown alga
Kingdom: Chromista
Subkingdom: Harosa Phylum: Ochrophyta
Subphylum: Phaeista Superclass: Fucistia Class: Phaeophyceae
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Laminariales Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Laminariaceae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Laminaria fragilis Synonym
Laminaria japonica Synonym
Laminaria ochotensis Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: late 1920s
Loc 1st record: China
Established: Yes
NWP
Species ID: 100767
Taxonomic Author: (Areschoug) Lane, Mayes, Druehl & Saunders 2006
Hawaii
Japanese kelp (Saccharina japonica)
ma-konbu
sea tangle
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:06:07 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X X AO PO X
Comments: The kelp Saccharina japonica is cultivated in Japan, China, and Korea. China is the largest producer,
introduced from Japan in 1927.
NEP
148
O

Saccharina japonica Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0.8 - 4.5m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
O Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR
X
CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY
Brackish Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B
O
Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
149
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS
X
P
DD
RI X
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
VP
SP
X
SP

Saccharina longissima
Taxon: Brown alga
Kingdom: Chromista
Subkingdom: Harosa Phylum: Ochrophyta
Subphylum: Phaeista Superclass: Fucistia Class: Phaeophyceae
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Laminariales Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Laminariaceae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Laminaria angustata var. longissima Synonym
Laminaria longissima Synonym
Type Locality: Japan
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Unknown
NWP
Species ID: 101258
Taxonomic Author: (Miyabe) Lane, Mayes, Druehl & Saunders, 2006
Hawaii
Gimberi
Naga-konbu
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:06:07 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X AO PO
Comments: The kelp Saccharina longissima [= Laminaria longissima] was introduced from Japan into China for
aquaculture (Wang, 2008). It is reported to be widely cultured in China but we are not aware of specific locations,
however we list the Yellow Sea as one likely ecoregion.
150
NEP

Saccharina longissima Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: - 4m] [Pref: - 4m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR
X
CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY
Brackish Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
151
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI X
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
X
SP

Sargassum horneri
Taxon: Brown alga
Kingdom: Chromista
Subkingdom: Harosa Phylum: Ochrophyta
Subphylum: Phaeista Superclass: Fucistia Class: Phaeophyceae
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Fucales Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Sargassaceae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Fucus horneri Synonym
Sargassum (Bactrophycus) horneri Synonym
Sargassum fengeri Synonym
Sargassum filicinum Synonym
Type Locality: Korea Strait
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Turner) C.Agardh, 1820
Hawaii
Species ID: 100910
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:06:07 PM
NEP
2003
Long Beach Harbor, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: Sargassum horneri attaches to hard substrates or is epiphytic on other algae, such as Sargassum muticum. It
is native to Asia and was first found in Long Beach Harbor, California in 2003.
152

Sargassum horneri Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 19m] [Pref: 5 - 6m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
O Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR
X
CR O/M
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY [Obs: - 38psu]
Brackish Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B
O
Oth
SynH
SA
PP
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
153
H X
SeqH
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
RI
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
SP
SP

Sargassum muticum
Taxon: Brown alga
Kingdom: Chromista
Subkingdom: Harosa Phylum: Ochrophyta
Subphylum: Phaeista Superclass: Fucistia Class: Phaeophyceae
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Fucales Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Sargassaceae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Yendo) Fensholt, 1955
Sargassum (Bactrophycus) muticum Convention
Sargassum kjellmanianum f. muticum Synonym
Type Locality: Hokkaido, Japan (lectotype)
strangle weed
wireweed
wire-weed
Hawaii
1999
Barge in Pearl Harbor, HI
No
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
Comments:
X
AO PO X
Species ID: 2148
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:06:07 PM
NEP
1944
British Columbia, Canada
Yes
REC
SF
HR
154
O

Sargassum muticum Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
TP RI-PH X X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
P
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
O
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 24m] [Pref: 0 - 8m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
O
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 6 - 34psu] [Pref: 16 - 30psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline P Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
O P P P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O O
P
O O
SynH
SA
PP
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
155
H X
SeqH
Supralittoral
H
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic X Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
SP
SP
X

Striaria attenuata
Taxon: Brown alga
Kingdom: Chromista
Subkingdom: Harosa Phylum: Ochrophyta
Subphylum: Phaeista Superclass: Fucistia Class: Phaeophyceae
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Ectocarpales Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Chordariaceae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Dictyota lineolata Synonym
Zonaria lineolata Synonym
Type Locality: Isle of Bute, Scotland
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:

Striaria attenuata Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X TP RI-PH X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
SynH
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 1m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
O Sub-Shallow
O
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
SA
SeqH
PP
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
K
Mixed Sediments
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O O
157
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Undaria pinnatifida
Taxon: Brown alga
Kingdom: Chromista
Subkingdom: Harosa Phylum: Ochrophyta
Subphylum: Phaeista Superclass: Fucistia Class: Phaeophyceae
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Laminariales Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Alariaceae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Alaria amplexicaulis Synonym
Alaria pinnatifida Synonym
Ulopteryx pinnatifida Synonym
Type Locality: Simoda, Japan
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: 1984
Loc 1st record: Yellow Sea
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Harvey) Suringar, 1873
Hawaii
Asian kelp
Japanese kelp (Undaria pinnatifida)
miyeuk
wakame
Species ID: 2500
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:06:07 PM
NEP
2000
Los Angeles Harbor, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X X AO PO
Comments: According to Chen et al. 2006a, Undaria pinnatifida was introduced to Liaoning, Shandong, and Zhejiang
Provinces in China for mariculture.
158

Undaria pinnatifida Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
TP RI-PH X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 25m] [Pref: 0 - 5m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
O
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 18 - 40psu] [Pref: 23 - 34psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper O
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P O
P P
K
X
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O O
O
P P O P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
159
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS
X
P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X X
X X
F
X
VP
SP
X
SP

Kingdom: Chromista
Phylum: Myzozoa
Subphylum: Apicomplexa
160

161
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Cephaloidophora communis
Taxon: Apicomplexa
Kingdom: Chromista
Subkingdom: Harosa Phylum: Myzozoa
Subphylum: Apicomplexa Superclass: Class: Conoidasida
Subclass: Gregarinasina Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Eugregarinorida Suborder: Septatorina Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Cephaloidophoridae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Cephaloidophora chthamali Synonym
Pyxinioides chthamali of Tuzet and Ormières, 1956 Misidentified
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Mavrodiadi, 1908
Hawaii
1949
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 170111
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:57:55 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Cephaloidophora communis is an endoparasitic gregarine protozoan found in barnacles including
Amphibalanus amphitrite, A. eburneus, Balanus crenatus, Megabalanus tintinnabulum, and, in Brazil, Euraphia
rhyzophorae. Its native range is unknown, however it is assumed to be introduced when found in non-native barnacles.
162
NEP

Cephaloidophora communis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X TP RI-PH X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
X
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
O Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
O O O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
163
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P X
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Kingdom: Chromista
Phylum: Myzozoa
Subphylum: Dinozoa
164

165
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Alexandrium margalefi
Taxon: Dinoflagellate
Kingdom: Chromista
Subkingdom: Harosa Phylum: Myzozoa
Subphylum: Dinozoa Superclass: Class: Dinophyceae
Subclass: Dinophycidae Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Gonyaulacales Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Goniodomataceae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 1999
Loc 1st record: Minonosok Bay, Russia
Established: Unknown
Taxonomic Author: Balech, 1994
Hawaii
Species ID: 2011625
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:56:26 PM
NEP
2000
Bahia Concepcion, Mexico
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: We tentatively classify Alexandrium margalefi as NIS in the NWP based on Zvyagintsev’s et al. (2011)
classification as introduced in Peter the Great Bay in the Sea of Japan. We classify it as cryptogenic in the NEP based
on its recent observation in North America in the Gulf of California (Band-Schmidt et al., 2003).
166

Alexandrium margalefi Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
P
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY [Obs: - 35.3psu]
Brackish Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
167
H
Supralittoral
H
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P X
DD
RI
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
Pelagic X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Benthic Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP EPS EPU EPC
F
SP
SP
X

Alexandrium tamutum
Taxon: Dinoflagellate
Kingdom: Chromista
Subkingdom: Harosa Phylum: Myzozoa
Subphylum: Dinozoa Superclass: Class: Dinophyceae
Subclass: Dinophycidae Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Gonyaulacales Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Goniodomataceae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: Gulf of Naples, Italy
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 2002
Loc 1st record: Sea of Okhotsk
Established: Yes
Taxonomic Author: Montresor, Beran, & John, 2004
Hawaii
Species ID: 2011624
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:56:26 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Alexandrium tamutum was described from the Mediterranean and Zvyagintsev et al. (2011) classify it as
NIS in the Sea of Okhotsk. We tentatively classify it as NIS in the NWP but note that it occurs in oceanic waters in the
Pacific (Selina and Morozova, 2005), which is not characteristic of a coastal invader.
168
NEP

Alexandrium tamutum Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
P
Shelf
O
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
P
ECOSYSTEM
TP
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY [Obs: 31.8 - 35psu]
Brackish Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
169
H
Supralittoral
H
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P X
DD
RI
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
Pelagic X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Benthic Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP EPS EPU EPC
F
SP
SP
X

Dinophysis caudata
Taxon: Dinoflagellate
Kingdom: Chromista
Subkingdom: Harosa Phylum: Myzozoa
Subphylum: Dinozoa Superclass: Class: Dinophyceae
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Dinophysiales Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Dinophysiaceae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Dinophysis diegens Misspelling
Dinophysis diegensis Synonym
Dinophysis homunculus Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 1967
Loc 1st record: Seto Inland Sea, Japan
Established: Yes
Taxonomic Author: Saville-Kent, 1881
Hawaii
Species ID: 100731
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:56:26 PM
NEP
Unknown
Gulf of California, Mexico
Unknown
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: We tentatively classify Dinophysis caudata as introduced in the Yellow Sea, East China Sea and South
China Sea (Chavanich et al., 2010; Seo and Lee, 2008). However, it was reported at least as early as 1967 in Japan and
1900 in the Arabian Sea. Thus, we list it as cryptogenic in Japan and unclassified in other areas.
170

Dinophysis caudata Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
P
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY
Brackish Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
171
H
Supralittoral
H
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P X
DD
RI
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
Pelagic X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Benthic Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP EPS EPU EPC
F
SP
SP
X

Heterocapsa circularisquama
Taxon: Dinoflagellate
Kingdom: Chromista
Subkingdom: Harosa Phylum: Myzozoa
Subphylum: Dinozoa Superclass: Class: Dinophyceae
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Peridiniales Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Peridiniales incertae sedis Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: Fukuoka Bay and Ago Bay, Japan
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 1988
Loc 1st record: Western Japan
Established: Yes
Taxonomic Author: Horiguchi, 1995
Hawaii
Species ID: 101861
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:56:26 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
AO PO X
Comments: The red tide dinoflagellate, Heterocapsa circularisquama is considered introduced into Japan based on its
recent discovery. Possible vectors include transplanting of oysters or clams from southeast Asia or ballast water.
However, genetic work revealed six additional Heterocapsa species in Japan, indicating the need for further studies.
172
NEP

Heterocapsa circularisquama Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
Epi-Surface
O
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
O
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
X
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic O
Artificial Substrate
C O
O
M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
173
H
Supralittoral
H
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P X
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
Pelagic X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Benthic Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP EPS EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP
X

Peridiniopsis penardiforme
Taxon: Dinoflagellate
Kingdom: Chromista
Subkingdom: Harosa Phylum: Myzozoa
Subphylum: Dinozoa Superclass: Class: Dinophyceae
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Peridiniales Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Peridiniaceae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Glenodinium penardiforme Synonym
Peridiniopsis pernardiforme Misspelling
Peridinium penardiforme Synonym
Peridinium perardiforme Misspelling
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 1994
Loc 1st record: JinHae Bay, Korea
Established: Yes
Taxonomic Author: (Lindemann) Bourrelly, 1968
Hawaii
Species ID: 110022
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:56:26 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Algaebase classifies Peridiniopsis penardiforme as a freshwater species, but WoRMS classifies it as a
marine species, and it has been found in coastal waters off Korea, and in ballast water tanks with salinities >33 ppt. Its
native range is unknown.
174
NEP

Peridiniopsis penardiforme Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
O
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
P
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - psu] [Pref: 0 - psu]
Fresh P Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
O O O O O O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
175
H
Supralittoral
H
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P X
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
Pelagic X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Benthic Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP EPS EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP
X

Perkinsus marinus
Taxon: Dinoflagellate
Kingdom: Chromista
Subkingdom: Harosa Phylum: Myzozoa
Subphylum: Dinozoa Superclass: Class: Perkinsea
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Perkinsorida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Perkinsidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Dermocystidium marinum Synonym Dermo
Labyrinthomyxa marina Synonym
Labyrinthula marina Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Species ID: 100778
Taxonomic Author: (Mackin, Owen & Collier, 1950) Levine, 1978
Hawaii
1972
Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:56:26 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
AO X PO
Comments: Perkinsus marinus ("Dermo") is an endoparasite of the Atlantic oyster, Crassostrea virginica. It is native to
the Gulf of Mexico and the southern Northwest Atlantic. Expansion in the 1990s into Delaware Bay and up to Maine,
USA is thought to be due to a combination of repeated introductions and an increase in water temperature.
176
NEP

Perkinsus marinus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
TP RI-PH
X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
X
Mud
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 1.4m] [Pref: 0 - 1m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 10 - 32psu] [Pref: 22 - 27psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
O P P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O
P
M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
177
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P X
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
Pelagic
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Benthic Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Biliphyta
Phylum: Rhodophyta
178

179
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Acanthophora spicifera
Taxon: Red alga
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Biliphyta Phylum: Rhodophyta
Subphylum: Eurhodophytina Superclass: Class: Florideophyceae
Subclass: Rhodymeniophycidae Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Ceramiales Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Rhodomelaceae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Acanthophora antillarum Synonym spiny seaweed
Acanthophora intermedia Synonym
Acanthophora orientalis Synonym
Acanthophora orientalis var. wightii Convention
Type Locality: St. Croix, Virgin Islands
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (M.Vahl) Børgesen, 1910
Hawaii
1952
Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 123364
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:36:19 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
X X AO PO
Comments: Acanthophora spicifera was described from the Caribbean, and is considered native to the Caribbean by
many sources. However, Carlton and Eldredge (2009) list it as native to the Indo-Pacific. Based on the assumption that
it is native to the Central Indo-Pacific, the Atlantic populations are classified as NIS, as are the Line Islands (Knapp et
al., 2011).
180
NEP

Acanthophora spicifera Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
P
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
P
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 22m] [Pref: 1 - 8m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
O Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
X
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Consolidated
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY [Obs: 32 - 35psu]
Brackish Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
SR
X
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
CR
X
X
O/M
X
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O O
P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
181
H
Supralittoral
H
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
X IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
RI X
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic X Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
SP
X
SP
X

Aglaothamnion tenuissimum
Taxon: Red alga
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Biliphyta Phylum: Rhodophyta
Subphylum: Eurhodophytina Superclass: Class: Florideophyceae
Subclass: Rhodymeniophycidae Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Ceramiales Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Callithamniaceae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Aglaothamnion furcellariae Synonym
Callithamnion arachnoideum C.Agardh, 1828 Synonym
Callithamnion byssoides Synonym
Callithamnion tenuissimum Synonym
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Bonnemaison) Feldmann-Mazoyer, 1941
Type Locality: Saint-Pol-de-Leon and Brest, Finistère, France (syntypes)
Hawaii
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
Comments:
X
AO PO
Species ID: 3248
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:36:19 PM
NEP
1978-1983
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
REC
SF
X
HR
182
O

Aglaothamnion tenuissimum Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 30m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
O Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR
X
CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: - 38psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B
O
Oth
SynH
SA
PP
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
183
H X
SeqH
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI X
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
SP
X
SP
X

Asparagopsis armata
Taxon: Red alga
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Biliphyta Phylum: Rhodophyta
Subphylum: Eurhodophytina Superclass: Class: Florideophyceae
Subclass: Rhodymeniophycidae Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Bonnemaisoniales Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Bonnemaisoniaceae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Falkenbergia olens Synonym Harpoon weed
Falkenbergia rufolanosa Synonym
Falkenbergia vagabunda Synonym
Polysiphonia rufolanosa Synonym
Type Locality: Garden Island; Western Australia
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Harvey, 1855
Hawaii
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
Comments:
X
AO PO
Species ID: 180089
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:36:19 PM
NEP
1972
San Diego Bay, CA
Unknown
REC
SF
HR
184
O

Asparagopsis armata Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
O Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR
X
CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY
Brackish Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B
O
Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
185
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
RI X
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
SP
SP

Asparagopsis taxiformis
Taxon: Red alga
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Biliphyta Phylum: Rhodophyta
Subphylum: Eurhodophytina Superclass: Class: Florideophyceae
Subclass: Rhodymeniophycidae Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Bonnemaisoniales Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Bonnemaisoniaceae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Asparagopsis delilei Synonym
Asparagopsis sandfordiana Synonym
Asparagopsis taxiformis Lineage 4, Carlton & Eldredge, 200Convention
Dasya delilei Synonym
Type Locality: Alexandria, Egypt
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Delile) Trevisan de Saint-Léon, 1845
Hawaii
1991
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 220034
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:36:19 PM
Unknown
Unknown
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR X A P
X
X
AO PO
Comments: Asparagopsis taxiformis consists of several "lineages" with three of them occurring in Hawaii (Sherwood,
2008). While recognizing this complexity, we follow Carlton and Eldredge (2009) and Olenis and Didžiulis (2009) and
classify it as NIS in Hawaii and Europe, respectively, and unclassified elsewhere.
186
NEP

Asparagopsis taxiformis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X TP RI-PH X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0.5 - 17m] [Pref: - 10m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY
Brackish Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
O
O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
187
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
SP
X
SP

Bonnemaisonia hamifera
Taxon: Red alga
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Biliphyta Phylum: Rhodophyta
Subphylum: Eurhodophytina Superclass: Class: Florideophyceae
Subclass: Rhodymeniophycidae Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Bonnemaisoniales Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Bonnemaisoniaceae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Hariot, 1891
Asparagopsis hamifera Synonym
Bonnemaisonia intricata Synonym
Boryna intricata Synonym
Ceramium intricatum Synonym
Type Locality: Yokosuka, Japan
Hawaii
Bonnemaison's hook weed
Japanese red algae
pink cotton wool
Species ID: 120060
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:36:19 PM
NEP
1974
Gulf of California, Mexico
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Bonnemaisonia hamifera life history involves an alternation of generations between gametophyte and
tetrasporophyte stages. It occurs on hard substrates as well as being epiphytic on other algae, such as Corallina and
Cystoseira.
188

Bonnemaisonia hamifera Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 24.6m] [Pref: 0 - 9m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
X
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR
X
CR O/M
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 10 - 35psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
O O O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
189
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
X IF FEE FCS
X
P
X
DD
RI X
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
SP
SP

Callithamnion corymbosum
Taxon: Red alga
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Biliphyta Phylum: Rhodophyta
Subphylum: Eurhodophytina Superclass: Class: Florideophyceae
Subclass: Rhodymeniophycidae Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Ceramiales Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Callithamniaceae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Callithamnion versicolor Synonym
Ceramium pedicellatum Synonym
Ceramium versicolor Synonym
Conferva corymbosa Synonym
Type Locality: Sussex, England
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:

Callithamnion corymbosum Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
O
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B
O
Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
191
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
X IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
RI
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU
X
EPC
X
F
X
SP
SP

Caulacanthus ustulatus
Taxon: Red alga
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Biliphyta Phylum: Rhodophyta
Subphylum: Eurhodophytina Superclass: Class: Florideophyceae
Subclass: Rhodymeniophycidae Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Gigartinales Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Caulacanthaceae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Gelidium ustulatum Synonym
Gigartina ustulata Synonym
Laurencia divaricata Synonym
Laurencia divaricata Suhr, 1840 Synonym
Type Locality: Cádiz, Spain
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Mertens ex Turner) Kützing, 1843
Unknown
Unknown
Yes
Hawaii
Species ID: 4965
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:36:19 PM
NEP
1961
Baja California, Mexico
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X X
AO PO X
Comments: We follow Williams and Smith (2007) and Streftaris et al. (2005) and classify Caulacanthus ustulatus as
introduced in the NEP and NWA, respectively. Because there is uncertainty of the existence of Atlantic and Pacific
forms (Zuccarello et al., 2002), we consider it unclassified in other areas.
192

Caulacanthus ustulatus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X TP RI-PH X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
P Sub-Shallow
O
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
193
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
DD
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
SP
SP

Ceramium cimbricum
Taxon: Red alga
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Biliphyta Phylum: Rhodophyta
Subphylum: Eurhodophytina Superclass: Class: Florideophyceae
Subclass: Rhodymeniophycidae Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Ceramiales Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Ceramiaceae Subfamily: Ceramioideae
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ceramium elegans var. fastigiatum Convention
Ceramium fastigiatum Synonym
Ceramium fastigiramosum Synonym
Type Locality: Limfjord, Denmark (lectotype)
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:

Ceramium cimbricum Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
TP RI-PH X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
SynH
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 26m] [Pref: 3 - 10m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
O Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
O
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: - 32psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
SA
SeqH
PP
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
K
X
Mixed Sediments
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P O
195
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU
X
EPC
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Ceramium giacconei
Taxon: Red alga
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Biliphyta Phylum: Rhodophyta
Subphylum: Eurhodophytina Superclass: Class: Florideophyceae
Subclass: Rhodymeniophycidae Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Ceramiales Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Ceramiaceae Subfamily: Ceramioideae
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: Mediterranean Sea
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Cormaci & Furnari, 1991
Hawaii
Species ID: 101869
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:36:19 PM
NEP

Ceramium giacconei Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: - 2m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY
Brackish Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
197
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP

Ceramium kondoi
Taxon: Red alga
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Biliphyta Phylum: Rhodophyta
Subphylum: Eurhodophytina Superclass: Class: Florideophyceae
Subclass: Rhodymeniophycidae Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Ceramiales Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Ceramiaceae Subfamily: Ceramioideae
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: Harius, Hokkaido, Japan.
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Yendo, 1920
Hawaii
Species ID: 11024
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:36:19 PM
NEP
1995
Bamfield, Canada
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
AO PO X
Comments: A genetic analysis by Yang et al. (2008) showed that Ceramium kondoi was introduced from Asia to the
NEP, perhaps with Japanese oysters. This study indicated the presence of a “southern lineage” from Korea, southern
Japan, far-eastern Russia and the USA, and a “northern lineage” from northern Japan and far-eastern Russia.
198

Ceramium kondoi Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
TP RI-PH
X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
O
Shelf
Intertidal
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel
O
Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
O P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
199
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Ceramium sinicola
Taxon: Red alga
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Biliphyta Phylum: Rhodophyta
Subphylum: Eurhodophytina Superclass: Class: Florideophyceae
Subclass: Rhodymeniophycidae Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Ceramiales Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Ceramiaceae Subfamily: Ceramioideae
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: Todos Santos Bay, Gulf of California, Mexico
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Setchell & Gardner, 1924
Hawaii
Species ID: 3387
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:36:19 PM
Unknown
Unknown
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
X X
AO PO
Comments: The previously repported Ceramium sinicola in Alaska (Hines et al., 2000b) is misidentified according to
Tae Oh Cho (Gayle Hansen, pers. comm. 9/21/2010). Because of this taxonomic uncertainty, we list this species with a
conflicting classification in Alaska. In Alaska, this species was found as an epiphyte of Codium fragile.
200
NEP

Ceramium sinicola Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 8m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
O Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR
X
CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY
Brackish Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B
O
Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
201
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI X
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
SP
SP

Chroodactylon ornatum
Taxon: Red alga
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Biliphyta Phylum: Rhodophyta
Subphylum: Rhodophytina Superclass: Class: Stylonematophyceae
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Stylonematales Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Stylonemataceae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Asterocytis ornata Synonym
Asterocytis ramosa Synonym
Chroodactylon ornata Convention
Chroodactylon ramosum Synonym
Type Locality: Lake Mälaren, near Stockholm, Sweden
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (C.Agardh) Basson, 1979
Unknown
Unknown
Yes
Hawaii
Species ID: 3388
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:36:19 PM
NEP
1998
Prince William Sound, Alaska
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Chroodactylon ornatum [C. ramosum] was considered introduced to Prince Williams Sound, Alaska based
on its disjunct distribution (Hines et al., 2000b). However, it is a very small species and may have been overlooked
previously (G. Hansen, pers. comm. 9/21/2010). We tentatively leave it as NIS in Alaska and unclassified in other areas.
202

Chroodactylon ornatum Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
TP RI-PH
X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
O Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
O
Bathyal
Lakes
P
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 35psu] [Pref: 0 - psu]
Fresh P Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
O O O O O O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
P
O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
203
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
SP
X
SP
X

Corynomorpha prismatica
Taxon: Red alga
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Biliphyta Phylum: Rhodophyta
Subphylum: Eurhodophytina Superclass: Class: Florideophyceae
Subclass: Rhodymeniophycidae Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Halymeniales Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Halymeniaceae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Acrotylus prismaticus Synonym
Dumontia prismatica Synonym
Gymnophlaea prismatica Synonym
Type Locality: India
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (J.Agardh) J.Agardh, 1876
Hawaii
Species ID: 101835
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:36:19 PM
NEP
Unknown
Gulf of California, Mexico
Unknown
VECTORS
SH MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
AO PO
Comments: Siguan (2002) and Williams and Smith (2007) list Corynomorpha prismatica as a NIS in the Gulf of
California. However, they do not provide a citation for its occurrence or the date of its first record. We list this species
as introduced in the eastern Atlantic though that this needs to be checked due to taxonomic uncertainties.
204

Corynomorpha prismatica Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
Intertidal
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal O
O Sub-Shallow
O
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY [Obs: 35.5 - 37.2psu]
Brackish Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
205
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI X
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
Pelagic
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Benthic Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP

Dasya sessilis
Taxon: Red alga
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Biliphyta Phylum: Rhodophyta
Subphylum: Eurhodophytina Superclass: Class: Florideophyceae
Subclass: Rhodymeniophycidae Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Ceramiales Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Dasyaceae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: Asamushi, Japan
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Yamada, 1928
Hawaii
Species ID: 220369
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:36:19 PM
NEP
2006
Long Beach Harbor, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
AO PO X
Comments: Hughey et al. (2009) reported Dasya sessilis from southern California in 2006. Hansen (2008) reported D.
sessilis from Willapa Bay, Washington. However, additional research suggests that this may be a different species (G.
Hansen pers. comm. to Henry Lee; 12/06/11), and so is not reported here.
206

Dasya sessilis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
TP RI-PH X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
O
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 8m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel
O
Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 18 - psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
P O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
207
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Eucheuma denticulatum
Taxon: Red alga
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Biliphyta Phylum: Rhodophyta
Subphylum: Eurhodophytina Superclass: Class: Florideophyceae
Subclass: Rhodymeniophycidae Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Gigartinales Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Areschougiaceae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Eucheuma muricatum Synonym
Eucheuma spinosum Synonym
Fucus denticulatus N.L.Burman, 1768 Synonym
Fucus muricatus S.G.Gmelin, 1768 Synonym
Type Locality: Indian Ocean
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (N.L.Burman) F.S.Collins & Hervey, 1917
Hawaii
1970
Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii
Yes
East Indian carrageen
macassar
Species ID: 123365
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:36:19 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
X AO PO
Comments: Eucheuma denticulatum appears to be native to India and the western Pacific, however, its widespread
introduction for aquaculture confuses the distribution. We classify ecoregions as invaded if there is a record of a
purposeful introduction or it lies outside E. denticulatum apparent natural range.
208
NEP

Eucheuma denticulatum Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
X
TP RI-PH X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
P
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 3m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
O Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 12 - 36psu] [Pref: 12 - 24psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
P
P O
K
Mixed Sediments
P
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C
P
O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
209
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
X
F
SP
SP

Gelidium vagum
Taxon: Red alga
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Biliphyta Phylum: Rhodophyta
Subphylum: Eurhodophytina Superclass: Class: Florideophyceae
Subclass: Rhodymeniophycidae Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Gelidiales Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Gelidiaceae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Gelidium chungii Synonym agar weed
Gelidium grubbae Synonym
Type Locality: Japan
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Okamura, 1934
Hawaii
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
AO PO X
Comments:
Species ID: 3389
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:36:19 PM
NEP
1980s
Strait of Georgia, Puget Sound
Yes
REC
SF
HR
210
O

Gelidium vagum Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
O Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
X X
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
O
P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
211
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI X
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Gracilaria salicornia
Taxon: Red alga
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Biliphyta Phylum: Rhodophyta
Subphylum: Eurhodophytina Superclass: Class: Florideophyceae
Subclass: Rhodymeniophycidae Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Gigartinales Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Gigartinaceae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Gracilaria cacalia Synonym
Sphaerococcus salicornia Synonym
Type Locality: Mariana Islands
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (C.Agardh) E.Y.Dawson, 1954
Hawaii

Gracilaria salicornia Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 13m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X X TP RI-PH X X
X
X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
O
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
O
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 50psu]
Fresh O Brackish O Marine P Hyper O
Oligohaline O Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P O
O O O O O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
O
O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
213
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
X IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X X
X X
F
X
SP
X
SP
X

Gracilaria tikvahiae
Taxon: Red alga
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Biliphyta Phylum: Rhodophyta
Subphylum: Eurhodophytina Superclass: Class: Florideophyceae
Subclass: Rhodymeniophycidae Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Gigartinales Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Gigartinaceae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Gracilaria foliifera var. angustissima Synonym graceful red weed
Type Locality: Nova Scotia, Canada
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: McLachlan, 1979
Hawaii
1970s
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 220035
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:36:19 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X AO PO
Comments: Gurgel et al. (2004) found four lineages of Gracilaria tikvahiae; 1) Canadian-NE U.S., 2) S.E. Florida, 3)
eastern Gulf of Mexico, and 4) western Gulf of Mexico. There was no evidence for the occurrence of G. tikvahiae in
the Caribbean Sea. For the time being, we list the Caribbean reports as unclassified and unknown population status.
214
NEP

Gracilaria tikvahiae Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 10m] [Pref: 0 - 1m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
X X
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 17 - 35psu] [Pref: 25 - 35psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
O O P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic O
Artificial Substrate
C O
O
M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
215
H
Supralittoral
H
O
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
X IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
RI X
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic X Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
SP
X
SP
X
X

Gracilaria vermiculophylla
Taxon: Red alga
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Biliphyta Phylum: Rhodophyta
Subphylum: Eurhodophytina Superclass: Class: Florideophyceae
Subclass: Rhodymeniophycidae Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Gigartinales Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Gigartinaceae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Gracilaria asiatica Synonym
Gracilaria vermicullophylla Misspelling
Gracilariopsis vermiculophylla Synonym
Type Locality: Akkeshi Bay, Japan
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Ohmi) Papenfuss, 1967
Hawaii
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
AO PO X
Comments:
Species ID: 101870
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:36:19 PM
NEP
1994
Elkhorn Slough, California
Yes
REC
SF
HR
216
O

Gracilaria vermiculophylla Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
TP RI-PH X X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 5m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
O
P
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 1 - 35psu] [Pref: 10 - 35psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline P Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
O O O P P P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
217
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Grateloupia lanceolata
Taxon: Red alga
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Biliphyta Phylum: Rhodophyta
Subphylum: Eurhodophytina Superclass: Class: Florideophyceae
Subclass: Rhodymeniophycidae Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Halymeniales Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Halymeniaceae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Aeodes lanceolata Synonym
Pachymeniopsis lanceolata Synonym
Type Locality: Japan
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Okamura, 1934) Kawaguchi, 1997
Hawaii
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
Comments:
X
AO PO X
Species ID: 101209
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:36:19 PM
NEP
2003
Santa Catalina Island, CA
Yes
REC
SF
HR
218
O
X

Grateloupia lanceolata Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
X X
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
P
P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
O O P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
219
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Grateloupia turuturu
Taxon: Red alga
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Biliphyta Phylum: Rhodophyta
Subphylum: Eurhodophytina Superclass: Class: Florideophyceae
Subclass: Rhodymeniophycidae Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Halymeniales Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Halymeniaceae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Grateloupia doryphora of authors in part Misidentified
Type Locality: Muroran, Hokkaido, Japan
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Yamada, 1941
Hawaii
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
Comments:
X
AO PO X
Species ID: 100777
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:36:19 PM
NEP
2009
Santa Barbara Harbor, CA
Yes
REC
SF
HR
220
O

Grateloupia turuturu Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 2m] [Pref: 0 - 2m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
X
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
X X
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 15 - 37psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
O O O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
P
O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
221
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI X
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Hypnea musciformis
Taxon: Red alga
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Biliphyta Phylum: Rhodophyta
Subphylum: Eurhodophytina Superclass: Class: Florideophyceae
Subclass: Rhodymeniophycidae Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Gigartinales Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Cystocloniaceae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Fucus musciformis Synonym hookweed
Hypnea rissoana Synonym
Sphaerococcus divaricatus Synonym
Sphaerococcus divaricatus C.Agardh, 1827 Synonym
Type Locality: Trieste, Italy
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Wulfen) Lamouroux, 1813
Hawaii
1974
Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 123366
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:36:19 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
X X AO PO
Comments: Hypnea musciformis has been widely distributed for aquaculture. Olenin and Didžiulis (2009) list it as
cryptogenic in Europe though Zenetos et al. (2009) do not list it as introduced in the Mediterranean. We consider it
unclassified in the western Atlantic and Mediterranean and introduced in the Pacific.
222
NEP

Hypnea musciformis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
TP
X
RI-PH X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 90m] [Pref: 0 - 1m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 22 - 39psu] [Pref: 24 - 31psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P O
P P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
P
P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
223
H
Supralittoral
H
O
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
X IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic X Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
SP
X
SP
X

Kappaphycus alvarezii
Taxon: Red alga
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Biliphyta Phylum: Rhodophyta
Subphylum: Eurhodophytina Superclass: Class: Florideophyceae
Subclass: Rhodymeniophycidae Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Gigartinales Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Areschougiaceae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Euchema striatum tambalang var. of Russell 1983 Synonym tambalang
Eucheuma alvarezii Synonym
Eucheuma cottonii var. erecta Synonym
Eucheuma cottonii Weber-van Bosse 1913 Synonym
Type Locality: Malaysia
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 1991
Loc 1st record: Tosa Bay, Japan
Established: Unknown
Taxonomic Author: (Doty) Doty ex Silva, 1996
Hawaii
1974
Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 123368
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:36:19 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
X AO PO
Comments: "Kappaphycus alvarezii seems to have been narrowly restricted to the southernmost Sulu Archipelago, the
Celebes Sea and Biak na Belau north of the equator until after 1974 it became widely distributed by man [for
carrageenan production]" (Neish, 2003). Based on this native distribution, we classify it introduced in other areas.
224
NEP

Kappaphycus alvarezii Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
X
TP RI-PH X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
P
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 1 - 50m] [Pref: 1 - 3m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY [Obs: 30 - 35psu] [Pref: 30 - 35psu]
Brackish Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic O
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
225
H
Supralittoral
H
O
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
X
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic X Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP EPS EPU EPC
X X
X X
F
VP
SP
SP
X

Kappaphycus striatus
Taxon: Red alga
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Biliphyta Phylum: Rhodophyta
Subphylum: Eurhodophytina Superclass: Class: Florideophyceae
Subclass: Rhodymeniophycidae Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Gigartinales Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Areschougiaceae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Eucheuma cottonii Synonym
Eucheuma striatum Synonym
Kappaphycus striatum Convention
Type Locality: Zanzibar, Tanzania
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 1996
Loc 1st record: Tosa Bay, Japan
Established: Unknown
Taxonomic Author: (Schmitz) Doty ex Silva, 1996
Hawaii
1970
Kaneohe and Honolulu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 123369
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:36:19 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
X AO PO
Comments: Although AlgaeBase lists Zanzibar, Tanzania as the type locality of Kappaphycus striatus, it has also been
introduced into Tanzania for mariculture.
NEP
226

Kappaphycus striatus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
TP RI-PH X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
P
Sand
O
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 1 - 50m] [Pref: 1 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
O
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 27 - 35psu] [Pref: - 35psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C
P
O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
227
H
Supralittoral
H
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
X IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic X Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
SP
X
SP
X

Lomentaria hakodatensis
Taxon: Red alga
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Biliphyta Phylum: Rhodophyta
Subphylum: Eurhodophytina Superclass: Class: Florideophyceae
Subclass: Rhodymeniophycidae Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Rhodymeniales Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Lomentariaceae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Lomentaria sinensis Synonym
Type Locality: Hakodate, Japan
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Yendo, 1920
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Hawaii
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
Comments:
X
AO PO X
Species ID: 3391
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:36:19 PM
NEP
1944
Ensenada, Mexico
Yes
REC
SF
HR
228
O

Lomentaria hakodatensis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 1m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
X X
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: - 30psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
P
P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
229
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI X
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
SP
X
SP
X

Neosiphonia harveyi
Taxon: Red alga
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Biliphyta Phylum: Rhodophyta
Subphylum: Eurhodophytina Superclass: Class: Florideophyceae
Subclass: Rhodymeniophycidae Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Ceramiales Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Rhodomelaceae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Polysiphonia argentinica Synonym
Polysiphonia harveyi Synonym
Polysiphonia havanensis var. insidiosa Synonym
Polysiphonia insidiosa Synonym
Type Locality: Connecticut, USA (lectotype)
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Species ID: 101871
Taxonomic Author: (Bailey) Kim, Choi, Guiry & Saunders, 2001
Hawaii
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:36:19 PM
NEP
ca. 1927
San Pedro, California
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X X
AO PO X
Comments: Neosiphonia harveyi, occurs both in fouling communities and as an epiphyte on Codium sp. It was
originally though to be a North Atlantic species but genetic analysis showed that Japan was its center of origin (McIvor
et al., 2001).
230

Neosiphonia harveyi Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 6m] [Pref: 0 - 6m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
X X
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
P
P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
231
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI X
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Polysiphonia brodiei
Taxon: Red alga
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Biliphyta Phylum: Rhodophyta
Subphylum: Eurhodophytina Superclass: Class: Florideophyceae
Subclass: Rhodymeniophycidae Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Ceramiales Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Rhodomelaceae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ceramium brodiei Synonym
Conferva brodiei Synonym
Hutchinsia brodiei Synonym
Hutchinsia penicillata Synonym
Type Locality: Scotland
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Dillwyn) Sprengel, 1827
Hawaii
Species ID: 2160
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:36:19 PM
Unknown
Unknown
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
Comments:
X
AO PO
REC
NEP
SF
HR
232
O

Polysiphonia brodiei Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
O
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 60m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
X X
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P O
P O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
233
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS
X
P
DD
RI X
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
VP
SP
X
SP

Polysiphonia denudata
Taxon: Red alga
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Biliphyta Phylum: Rhodophyta
Subphylum: Eurhodophytina Superclass: Class: Florideophyceae
Subclass: Rhodymeniophycidae Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Ceramiales Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Rhodomelaceae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Conferva denudata Synonym
Hutchinsia variegata Synonym
Polysiphonia variegata Synonym
Type Locality: Southampton, England
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Dillwyn) Greville ex Harvey, 1833
Hawaii
Species ID: 3249
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:36:19 PM
NEP
1978-1983
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X X
AO X PO
Comments: Polysiphonia denudata is a north Atlantic/Caribbean species. It has been found in the San Francisco Estuary
but has not been reported from other NEP estuaries. We classify it as introduced in the Indian Ocean but note that it
was not listed among the nonindigenous species for the Indian Seas (Rao, 2005).
234

Polysiphonia denudata Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
TP
X
RI-PH
X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 31m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 25 - 40psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper O
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
O
O P O
SynH
SA
PP
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
235
H X
SeqH
Supralittoral
H
O
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic X Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X X BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
SP
X
SP
X
X

Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae
Phylum: Chlorophyta
236

237
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Avrainvillea amadelpha
Taxon: Green alga
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae Phylum: Chlorophyta
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Bryopsidophyceae
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Bryopsidales Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Udoteaceae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: Agalega Islands, NE of Madagascar
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Montagne) A. Gepp & E. Gepp, 1908
Hawaii
1981
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 220036
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:33:50 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Carlton and Eldredge (2009) report that this Indo-Pacific macroalgae was introduced into Hawaii in 1981.
Possible vectors include ballast water and entanglement on anchor chains.
NEP
238

Avrainvillea amadelpha Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
TP RI-PH X X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
P
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 90m] [Pref: 1 - 10m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
O Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
O
O
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY
Brackish Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic O
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA
O
MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
239
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X X
F
VP
SP
SP

Bryopsis sp. (Cohen and Carlton, 1995)
Taxon: Green alga
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae Phylum: Chlorophyta
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Bryopsidophyceae
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Bryopsidales Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Bryopsidaceae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Bryopsis sp. 1 Miller Synonym
Type Locality: California, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Silva, 1979
Hawaii
Species ID: 3251
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:33:50 PM
NEP
1951
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: Cohen and Carlton (1995) classified this species as NIS based on Silva's (1979) report of a Bryopsis that
only reproduced asexually in San Francisco Bay and that exhibited "weedy behavior:" However, Silva (1979) stated
that the "original home and identity of this plant is undeterminable", suggesting a cryptogenic classification.
240

Bryopsis sp. (Cohen and Carlton, 1995) Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 5m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
X
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR
X
CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish P
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B
O
Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
241
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
DD
RI X
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Caulerpa taxifolia
Taxon: Green alga
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae Phylum: Chlorophyta
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Bryopsidophyceae
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Bryopsidales Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Caulerpaceae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Fucus taxifolius Synonym Ichii-duta
killer algae
Type Locality: St. Croix, Virgin Islands
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 1992
Loc 1st record: Sea of Japan
Established: Unknown
Taxonomic Author: (Vahl) Agardh, 1817
Native
Native
Yes
Hawaii
Species ID: 4457
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:33:50 PM
NEP
2000
Agua Hedionda Lagoon, CA
No
VECTORS
SH MS AF ID RE AP X REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR X A P
X
AO PO
X
Comments: The nonindigenous classification for Caulerpa taxifolia in temperate Japan is based on the occurrence of
the Mediterranean clone. It is not known if this non-native clone is established in Japan. C. taxifolia was introduced
into Southern California, but was eradicated through a control program.
242

Caulerpa taxifolia Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 150m] [Pref: 3 - 35m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
P
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
TP RI-PH X
X
X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
O
Sand
O
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 15 - 40psu] [Pref: 20 - psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper O
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P O
O P O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic O
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA
O
MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
PP
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
243
H X
SeqH
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
VP
X
SP
SP

Codium fragile fragile
Taxon: Green alga
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae Phylum: Chlorophyta
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Bryopsidophyceae
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Bryopsidales Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Codiaceae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: Japan
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Suringar) Hariot, 1889
Codium fragile in part Partial synonym
Codium fragile subsp. capense P.C.Silva 1959 Synonym
Codium fragile subsp. fragile Convention
Codium fragile subsp. tomentosoides Synonym
Hawaii
dead man's fingers
oyster thief
sputnik weed
Species ID: 3250
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:33:50 PM
NEP
1977
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X X
AO PO X
Comments: Genetic analysis suggests that the Codium fragile in Alaska and Oregon is the native form, with the
introduced form occurring in Tomales Bay, California and Willapa Bay, Washington (G. Hansen, pers. comm.
9/21/2010). Thus, we list the areas north of central California as a conflict.
244

Codium fragile fragile Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 22m] [Pref: 0 - 9m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
TP RI-PH X X
X X
X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
O
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 12 - 40psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O O
O O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
P O P
SynH
SA
PP
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
245
H X
SeqH
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
X IF FEE FCS P
X X
DD
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X X
X X
F
X
SP
SP

Udotea argentea
Taxon: Green alga
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae Phylum: Chlorophyta
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Bryopsidophyceae
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Bryopsidales Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Udoteaceae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: Suez, Egypt
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Zanardini, 1858
Hawaii
2007
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 101399
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:33:50 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
AO PO
Comments: The Indo-Pacific seaweed, Udotea argentea, was first recorded in Hawaii in 2007 in a sandy habitat at
depths of 30 to 60 meters.
NEP
246
O

Udotea argentea Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
P
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
P
DEPTH [Obs: 20 - 60m] [Pref: 20 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
P
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY
Brackish Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
247
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
RI
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU
X
EPC
F
SP
SP

Ulva californica
Taxon: Green alga
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae Phylum: Chlorophyta
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Ulvophyceae
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Ulvales Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Ulvaceae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Enteromorpha angusta Synonym
Ulva angusta Synonym
Ulva scagelii Synonym
Type Locality: La Jolla, California
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 2003
Loc 1st record: Mikawa and Osaka, Japan
Established: Yes
Taxonomic Author: Wille, 1899
Hawaii
Species ID: 2140
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:33:50 PM
Native
Native
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: Ulva californica is considered introduced in Japan (Kawai et al., 2007) and New Zealand (Heesch et al.,
2009). Assuming it is native to the NEP, we tentatively classify it as a NIS in Europe, Argentina, Iran, and the
subantarctic islands, though additional genetic analysis is required to confirm these classifications.
248
NEP

Ulva californica Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
TP RI-PH
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY
Brackish Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B
O
Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
249
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
DD
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
SP
SP

Ulva expansa
Taxon: Green alga
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae Phylum: Chlorophyta
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Ulvophyceae
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Ulvales Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Ulvaceae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ulva fasciata f. expansa Synonym limu pakaiea
sea lettuce (Ulva expansa)
Type Locality: Monterey, California
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Setchell) Setchell & N.L.Gardner 1920
Hawaii
1900
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 2553
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:33:50 PM
Native
Native
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Ulva expansa breaks free and forms drifting mats, though Carlton and Eldredge (2009) argue that drift is
insufficient to explain its appearance in Hawaii. The deep records for this species are for mats that have sunk.
NEP
250
O

Ulva expansa Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF
X
UV-SUB X
TP RI-PH X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
P
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
P
Sand
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 200m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 15 - 35psu] [Pref: 25 - 35psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
O O P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
P O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
251
H
Supralittoral
H
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic X Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X
BP EPS EPU EPC
X X
X X
F
X
SP
SP
X

Ulva lactuca
Taxon: Green alga
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae Phylum: Chlorophyta
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Ulvophyceae
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Ulvales Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Ulvaceae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 1970s
Loc 1st record: Seto Island Sea, Japan
Established: Yes
Taxonomic Author: Linnaeus, 1753
Ulva crassa Synonym
Ulva fasciata Synonym
Ulva fenestrata Synonym
Ulva stipitata Synonym
Type Locality: Atlantic Ocean, west of Sweden, Northern Europe
1819
Hawaii
Yes
Hawaii
limu palahalaha
lipahapaha
sea lettuce (Ulva lactuca)
Species ID: 2137
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:33:50 PM
Unknown
Unknown
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: We classify Ulva lactuca (=U. fasciata) as introduced in the NWP and New Zealand / S. Australia and
cryptogenic in the NEP and Hawaii based on Furota and Nakayama (2010), Heesch et al. (2009), CANOD (2009), and
Carlton and Eldredge (2009), respectively. Because of taxonomic uncertainties, we list it as unclassified in other areas.
252
NEP

Ulva lactuca Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
TP RI-PH X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
P Sub-Shallow
O
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel
O
Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
253
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
DD
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X X
F
X
SP
SP

Ulva pertusa
Taxon: Green alga
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae Phylum: Chlorophyta
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Ulvophyceae
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Ulvales Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Ulvaceae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ana-awosa
lacy sea lettuce
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Kjellman, 1897
Type Locality: Hakodate, Yenoshima and Yokohama, Japan (syntype)
Hawaii
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
AO PO X
Comments:
Species ID: 101013
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:33:50 PM
NEP
1999
Southern California
Yes
REC
SF
HR
254
O

Ulva pertusa Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 4m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
X
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
X X
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 17 - 33psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
O O O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
O
O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
255
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
RI X
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
SP
SP

Ulva rigida
Taxon: Green alga
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae Phylum: Chlorophyta
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Ulvophyceae
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Ulvales Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Ulvaceae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ulva armoricana Synonym sea lettuce (Ulva rigida)
Ulva australis Synonym
Ulva petiolata Synonym
Ulva scandinavica Synonym
Type Locality: Cádiz, Spain
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 2003
Loc 1st record: Mikawa and Osaka, Japan
Established: Yes
Taxonomic Author: Agardh, 1823
Yes
Hawaii
Species ID: 2690
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:33:50 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: We assign the NEA as the native region for Ulva rigida (= U. armoricana; U. scandinavica). Furota and
Nakayama (2010) classify it as NIS in the NWP; while it is considered cryptogenic in Tasmania (Tasmanian Planning
Comm., 2009) and Hawaii (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009). We classify it as cryptogenic in the rest of the Pacific.
256
NEP

Ulva rigida Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal O
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR
X
CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY
Brackish Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
257
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic X Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
SP
SP

Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom:Viridaeplantae
Phylum: Magnoliophyta
258

259
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Ammophila arenaria
Taxon: Angiosperms
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Equisetopsida
Subclass: Magnoliidae Infraclass: Superorder: Lilianae
Order: Poales Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Poaceae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ammannia coccinea purpurea Synonym European beachgrass
Ammannia teres Synonym
Arundo arenaria Synonym
Calamagrostis arenaria Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (L.) Link
Hawaii
Species ID: 101248
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:35:01 PM
NEP
late 1800s
San Fransico Estuary, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: Ammophila arenaria, the European dune grass, was introduced into California to stabilize coastal dunes in
the 1800s. It has now spread from southern California up to British Columbia, outcompeting native plants and reducing
habitat for the threatened Western Snowy Plover.
260

Ammophila arenaria Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
P
PAR
Mud
Sand
P
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic
ECOSYSTEM
D
X TP
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Coastal Fringe
P
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 1 - psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
O O O O O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
261
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
RI
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU
X
EPC
F
VP
X
SP
SP

Bruguiera sexangula
Taxon: Angiosperms
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Equisetopsida
Subclass: Magnoliidae Infraclass: Superorder: Rosanae
Order: Malpighiales Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Rhizophoraceae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Bruguiera gymnorrhiza of Hawaiian authors Misidentified Oriental mangrove
upriver orange mangrove
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Loureiro, 1790) Poiret, 1816
Hawaii
1922
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 220045
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:35:01 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: The mangrove, Bruguiera sexangula, was introduced into Hawaii from the Philipinnes in 1922 in an effort
to reclaim mudflats (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009). In China, it is limited to the Hainan Island, where it is uncommon
(IUCN, 2010).
262
NEP

Bruguiera sexangula Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
MAN
X
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 3.26 - 35psu] [Pref: - 15psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline P Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
O O P O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
PP
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V
X
OVI OVO
PL
263
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
H X G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
SeqH
IF FEE FCS P
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU
X
EPC
F
VP
SP
SP

Conocarpus erectus
Taxon: Angiosperms
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Equisetopsida
Subclass: Magnoliidae Infraclass: Superorder: Rosanae
Order: Myrtales Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Combretaceae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Linnaeus, 1753
Conocarpus erectus sericeus Convention
Conocarpus procumbens Synonym
Conocarpus sericeus Synonym
Conocarpus supinus Synonym
Type Locality:
Hawaii

Conocarpus erectus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
O
PAR
Mud
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
MAN
X
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Coastal Fringe
O
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish P
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline P Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
P P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V
X
OVI OVO
PL
265
H
Supralittoral
O
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP

Halophila decipiens
Taxon: Angiosperms
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Equisetopsida
Subclass: Magnoliidae Infraclass: Superorder: Lilianae
Order: Alismatales Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Hydrocharitaceae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Caribbean seagrass
paddle grass
Type Locality: Koh Kahdat, Gulf of Thailand, Thailand
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Ostenfeld, 1902
Hawaii
1979
Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 220039
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:35:01 PM
NEP
1999
Costa Baja, Mexico
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: The native range of Halophila decipiens appears to be the Indo-Pacific and/or the Caribbean. It has recently
been found in the Gulf of California (Santamaría-Gallegos et al., 2006), which we tentatively classify as introduced. It
appears that this species may be expanding its range due to climate change or human transport.
266

Halophila decipiens Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
P
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
P
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 100m] [Pref: 5 - 30m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 24 - 39psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P O
O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
PP
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
267
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
DD
RI
RI-PH
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
H X G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
SeqH
IF FEE FCS P
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU
X
EPC
F
VP
SP
SP

Limosella australis
Taxon: Angiosperms
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Equisetopsida
Subclass: Magnoliidae Infraclass: Superorder: Asteranae
Order: Lamiales Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Scrophulariaceae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: R. Br.
Limosella aquatica var. tenuifolia Synonym
Limosella subulata Synonym
Type Locality:
Hawaii
awl-leaved mudwort
delta mudwort
Welsh mudwort
Species ID: 4765
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:35:01 PM

Limosella australis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF
X
UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
P
Sand
P
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 0.03m] [Pref: 0 - 0.05m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
P
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - psu] [Pref: 0 - psu]
Fresh P Brackish O
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
269
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU
X
EPC
F
VP
SP
SP

Rhizophora mangle
Taxon: Angiosperms
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Equisetopsida
Subclass: Magnoliidae Infraclass: Superorder: Rosanae
Order: Malpighiales Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Rhizophoraceae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
American mangrove
red mangrove
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Linnaeus 1753)
Hawaii
1902
Molokai and Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
VECTORS
SH MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
AO PO
Comments:
Species ID: 123370
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:35:01 PM
REC
NEP
SF
HR
X
270
O
X

Rhizophora mangle Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
MAN
X
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 90psu]
Fresh O Brackish P Marine O Hyper O
Oligohaline O Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O O
O O O O O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
PP
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V
X
OVI OVO
PL
271
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
H X G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
SeqH
IF FEE FCS P
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU
X
EPC
F
VP
SP
SP

Spartina alterniflora
Taxon: Angiosperms
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Equisetopsida
Subclass: Magnoliidae Infraclass: Superorder: Lilianae
Order: Poales Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Poaceae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
salt-water cordgrass
smooth cordgrass
Type Locality: Bayonne, France
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 1979
Loc 1st record: Jiangsu, China
Established: Yes
Taxonomic Author: Loiseleur-Deslongchamps, 1807
Hawaii
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A
X
Comments:
AO PO X
Species ID: 2640
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:35:01 PM
NEP
1941
Willapa Bay, Washington
Yes
P
REC
SF
HR
X
272
O

Spartina alterniflora Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
O
X
MAR
X
Shelf
MAN
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines
O
Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 10 - 50psu] [Pref: 10 - 20psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine O Hyper O
Oligohaline Mesohaline P Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O O
P P O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
PP
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
273
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
H X G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
SeqH
IF FEE FCS P
X
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU
X
EPC
F
VP
X
SP
SP

Spartina anglica
Taxon: Angiosperms
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Equisetopsida
Subclass: Magnoliidae Infraclass: Superorder: Lilianae
Order: Poales Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Poaceae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Spartina anglica Synonym English cordgrass (hybrid)
Spartina townsendii var. anglica Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 1963
Loc 1st record: Jiangsu, China
Established: Yes
Taxonomic Author: Hubbard, 1968
Hawaii
Species ID: 2643
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:35:01 PM
NEP
1961-1962
Puget Sound, WA
Yes
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO X
Comments: Spartina anglica is a fertile hybrid from England where it resulted from the inter-breeding of the native S.
maritima and introduced Spartina alterniflora. It is considered as a NIS everywhere.
274

Spartina anglica Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
O
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
O
X
MAR
X
Shelf
MAN
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines
O
Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 5 - 40psu] [Pref: 5 - 30psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine O Hyper O
Oligohaline Mesohaline P Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O O
P P P P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
PP
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
275
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
H X G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
SeqH
IF FEE FCS P
X
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU
X
EPC
F
VP
X
SP
SP

Spartina densiflora
Taxon: Angiosperms
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Equisetopsida
Subclass: Magnoliidae Infraclass: Superorder: Lilianae
Order: Poales Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Poaceae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Chauvinia chilensis Synonym dense-flowered cordgrass
Spartina montevidensis Synonym
Spartina patagonica Synonym
Type Locality: Concepcion, Chile
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Brongniart, 1829
Hawaii
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A
X
Comments:
AO PO X
Species ID: 2551
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:35:01 PM
NEP
1850s
Humboldt Bay, CA
Yes
P
REC
SF
HR
X
276
O

Spartina densiflora Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
O
X
MAR
X
Shelf
MAN
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
O
O
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0.5 - 40psu] [Pref: 0.5 - 20psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine O Hyper O
Oligohaline P Mesohaline P Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O O
P P P P P O
K
Mixed Sediments
O
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
PP
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
277
H X
SeqH
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU
X
EPC
X
F
VP
X
SP
SP

Spartina patens
Taxon: Angiosperms
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Equisetopsida
Subclass: Magnoliidae Infraclass: Superorder: Lilianae
Order: Poales Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Poaceae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Dactylis patens Synonym salt grass
salt hay
saltmeadow cordgrass
yerba de sal
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: 1977
Loc 1st record: China
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Aiton, 1789) Muhlenberg
Hawaii
VECTORS
SH MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
AO PO
Comments:
Species ID: 3247
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:35:01 PM
NEP
1930
Siuslaw River, Oregon
Yes
REC
SF
X
HR
X
278
O

Spartina patens Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
X
MAR
X
Shelf
MAN
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines
O
Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 93psu] [Pref: 0 - 27psu]
Fresh P Brackish P Marine O Hyper O
Oligohaline P Mesohaline P Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O O
P P P P P P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
PP
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
279
H X
SeqH
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU
X
EPC
F
VP
X
SP
SP

Zostera japonica
Taxon: Angiosperms
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Equisetopsida
Subclass: Magnoliidae Infraclass: Superorder: Lilianae
Order: Alismatales Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Zosteraceae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Nanozostera japonica Synonym
Zostera americana Synonym
Zostera nana of NEP authors Synonym
Zyapowca Misspelling
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Ascherson & Graebner, 1907
Hawaii
Asian eelgrass
duck grass
dwarf eelgrass
Japanese eelgrass
Species ID: 3514
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:35:01 PM
1957
Washington
Yes
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
AO PO X
Comments:
REC
NEP
SF
X
HR
280
O

Zostera japonica Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
O
Sand
P
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 10m] [Pref: 0 - 3m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow
O
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines
O
Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 5 - 33psu] [Pref: 8.2 - 20psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline P Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
P P P O
K
Mixed Sediments
O
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
PP
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
281
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
H X G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
SeqH
IF FEE FCS P
X
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU
X
EPC
X
F
VP
X
SP
SP

Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Parazoa
Phylum: Porifera
282

283
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Chalinula loosanoffi
Taxon: Sponge
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Parazoa Phylum: Porifera
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Demospongiae
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Haplosclerida Suborder: Haplosclerina Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Chalinidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Acervochalina loosanoffi Synonym Loosanoff's haliclona
Haliclona ecbasis of Fell, 1970 Misidentified
Haliclona loosanoffi Synonym
Haliclona sp. B of Hartman, 1975 Synonym
Type Locality: New England, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Hartman, 1958)
Hawaii
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
AO X PO
Comments:
Species ID: 1207
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:39:06 PM
NEP
1950
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
REC
SF
HR
284
O

Chalinula loosanoffi Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 4m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
P Sub-Shallow
O
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
X X
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 20 - 34psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
O O P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P P
P O P
SynH
SA
PP
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
H X G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
SeqH
IF FEE FCS
X
P
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
285
Supralittoral
DD
RI X
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
SP
SP

Clathria prolifera
Taxon: Sponge
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Parazoa Phylum: Porifera
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Demospongiae
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Poecilosclerida Suborder: Microcionina Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Microcionidae Subfamily: Microcioninae
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Clathria delicata Synonym red beard sponge
Microciona prolifera Synonym
Spongia ostracina Synonym
Spongia prolifera Synonym
Type Locality: New Jersey, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Unknown
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Ellis & Solander, 1786)
Hawaii
Species ID: 3528
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:39:06 PM
NEP
1960s
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
AO X PO
Comments: Zongguo (2001) reported the Atlantic sponge, Clathria prolifera, from the East China Sea but no specific
locations or dates were given.
286

Clathria prolifera Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 26m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
X X
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 15 - 29psu]
Fresh Brackish P
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O P P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
P O P
SynH
SA
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
287
H X
SeqH
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
RI X
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
SP
SP

Cliona thoosina
Taxon: Sponge
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Parazoa Phylum: Porifera
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Demospongiae
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Hadromerida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Clionaidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Cliona cretensis Synonym
Type Locality: Mediterranean Sea
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Topsent, 1888
Hawaii
Species ID: 100607
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:39:06 PM
NEP
1998
Prince William Sound, Alaska
Yes
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
AO X PO
Comments: Cliona thoosina is a Mediterranean boring sponge, infesting oysters and other bivalves.
SF
HR
288
O

Cliona thoosina Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: - 20m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
X
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: - 37psu] [Pref: - 37psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
289
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS
X
P
X
DD
RI
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC X
F
SP
SP

Gelliodes fibrosa
Taxon: Sponge
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Parazoa Phylum: Porifera
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Demospongiae
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Haplosclerida Suborder: Haplosclerina Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Niphatidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Gellius fibrosus Synonym gray encrusting sponge
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Wilson, 1925)
Hawaii
1996
Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF X S/R AE AA IR
A
X
AO PO
Comments:
Species ID: 122819
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:39:06 PM
P
REC
NEP
SF
HR
290
O

Gelliodes fibrosa Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR
X
O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
P P P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
291
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
RI
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
SP
SP

Halichondria bowerbanki
Taxon: Sponge
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Parazoa Phylum: Porifera
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Demospongiae
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Halichondrida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Halichondriidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Burton, 1930
Halichondria (Halichondria) bowerbanki Convention
Halichondria bowerbanki var. stellifera Synonym
Halichondria bowerbankia Convention
Halichondria coalita Synonym
Type Locality: Plymouth, England
Hawaii
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
AO X PO
Comments:
Species ID: 1206
Bowerbank's halichondria
bread of crumb sponge
crumb-of-bread sponge (Halichondria bowerbanki)
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:39:06 PM
NEP
1950s
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
REC
SF
HR
292
O

Halichondria bowerbanki Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
TP RI-PH X X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 90m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
O
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: - 25psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
P
P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
P O P
SynH
SA
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
293
H X
SeqH
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
SP
SP

Halichondria coerulea
Taxon: Sponge
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Parazoa Phylum: Porifera
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Demospongiae
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Halichondrida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Halichondriidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Halichondria (Halichondria) coerulea Convention
Type Locality: Kaneohe Bay, Oahu, Hawaii, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Berqquist, 1967
Hawaii
1965
Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 170103
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:39:06 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Halichondria coerulea was originally described from Hawaii, but Carlton and Eldredge (2009) consider it
introduced.
NEP
294

Halichondria coerulea Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal O
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY
Brackish Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P P P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
295
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
SP
SP

Halichondria melanodocia
Taxon: Sponge
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Parazoa Phylum: Porifera
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Demospongiae
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Halichondrida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Halichondriidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Halichondria (Halichondria) melanodocia Convention
Type Locality: Caribbean
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: de Laubenfels, 1936
Hawaii

Halichondria melanodocia Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X TP RI-PH
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
P O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
297
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
SP
SP

Haliclona caerulea
Taxon: Sponge
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Parazoa Phylum: Porifera
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Demospongiae
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Haplosclerida Suborder: Haplosclerina Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Chalinidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Haliclona (Sigmadocia) caerulea Synonym blue Caribbean sponge
Haliclona (Soestella) caerulea Convention
Haliclona coerulea Misspelling
Sigmadocia caerulea Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Hechtel, 1965)
Hawaii
1996
Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 220572
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:39:06 PM
NEP
Unknown
Gulf of California, Mexico
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF X S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: It is unclear whether Haliclona caerulea is native to the Caribbean or to the Tropical Eastern Pacific (Gulf
of Panama).
298

Haliclona caerulea Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X TP RI-PH X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
P
O P O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
299
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
SP
SP

Monanchora sp. (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009)
Taxon: Sponge
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Parazoa Phylum: Porifera
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Demospongiae
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Poecilosclerida Suborder: Myxillina Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Crambeidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Neofolitispa unguiculata of Coles at al. 1999 Misidentified
Type Locality: Hawaii, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author:
Hawaii
1997
Honolulu Harbor, Hawaii
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A
X
AO PO
Comments:
Species ID: 170108
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:39:06 PM
P
REC
NEP
SF
HR
300
O

Monanchora sp. (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009) Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
SynH
Sand
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal O
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
RI
RI-PH
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O P
301
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
SP
SP

Mycale cecilia
Taxon: Sponge
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Parazoa Phylum: Porifera
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Demospongiae
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Poecilosclerida Suborder: Mycalina Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Mycalidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Mycale (Camia) cecilia Misspelling
Mycale (Carmia) cecilia Convention
Mycale maunakea Synonym
Type Locality: Panama Bight, Panama
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: de Laubenfels, 1936
Hawaii
1947
Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 122822
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:39:06 PM
NEP
Unknown
Gulf of California, Mexico
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Carlton and Eldredge (2009) consider Mycale cecilia native to the Caribbean. However, it was described
from Pacific Panama and is wide-spread in the Tropical Eastern Pacific. Thus, we list it as unclassified in the NEP and
Caribbean.
302

Mycale cecilia Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 17m] [Pref: - 10m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
O Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
X X
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
O P O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
303
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
RI X
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
SP
SP

Mycale grandis
Taxon: Sponge
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Parazoa Phylum: Porifera
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Demospongiae
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Poecilosclerida Suborder: Mycalina Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Mycalidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Gray, 1867
Mycale (Mycale) grandis Convention
Mycale armata of Coles et al., 1999; not Thiele, 1903 Misidentified
Type Locality: Ternate, Indonesia
Hawaii
1996
Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
orange keyhole sponge
orange sponge
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A
X
AO PO
Comments: Mycale grandis overgrows reef corals.
Species ID: 122821
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:39:06 PM
P
REC
NEP
SF
HR
304
O

Mycale grandis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR
X
O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
P P P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
305
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
RI
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
SP
SP

Mycale parishi
Taxon: Sponge
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Parazoa Phylum: Porifera
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Demospongiae
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Poecilosclerida Suborder: Mycalina Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Mycalidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Esperella ridleyi Synonym red-brown branching sponge
Esperella ridleyi var. intermedia Synonym
Esperella ridleyi var. robusta Synonym
Esperia plumosa Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Bowerbank, 1875)
Hawaii
1947
Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 122824
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:39:06 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Eldredge and Smith (2001) consider Mycale parishi native to the Caribbean while Carlton and Eldredge
(2009) consider it native to the Indo-Pacific, which we follow here.
NEP
306
O

Mycale parishi Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 16m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
O Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR
X
O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
P P O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
307
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
RI
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
SP
SP

Prosuberites sp. (Hartman, 1975)
Taxon: Sponge
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Parazoa Phylum: Porifera
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Demospongiae
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Hadromerida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Suberitidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Prosuberites sp. of Cohen and Carlton, 1995 Synonym
Type Locality: California, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Hartman, 1975
Hawaii
Species ID: 1209
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:39:06 PM
NEP
1953
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
AO X PO
Comments: According to Lee et al. (2007a), Prosuberites sp. of Hartman, 1975 is locally common in the San Francisco
Estuary and may represent a complex of more than one species. It probably was introduced into the NEP with Atlantic
oysters or hull fouling (Lee et al., 2007a).
308

Prosuberites sp. (Hartman, 1975) Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 8m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
X X
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: - 20psu]
Fresh Brackish O
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta
O
Alpha
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
309
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
RI X
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
SP
SP

Suberites aurantiacus
Taxon: Sponge
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Parazoa Phylum: Porifera
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Demospongiae
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Hadromerida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Suberitidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Laxosuberites zeteki Synonym lobate sponge
Suberites zeteki Synonym
Terpios aurantiaca Synonym
Terpios zeteki Synonym
Type Locality: Virgin Islands
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864)
Hawaii
1902
Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 123377
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:39:06 PM
NEP
1991
Sinaloa, Mexico
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Carlton and Eldredge (2009) state that the origin of Suberites aurantiacus is unknown. However, we
tentatively classify the tropical Western Atlantic as the native range based on it being initially described from the
Virgin Islands and its extensive distribution in this region.
310

Suberites aurantiacus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X TP RI-PH X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
O Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
P
O P O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
311
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
SP
SP

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Cnidaria
Class: Anthozoa
312

313
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Aiptasia cf. insignis
Taxon: Anthozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Cnidaria
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Anthozoa
Subclass: Hexacorallia Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Actiniaria Suborder: Nyantheae Infraorder: Thenaria
Superfamily: Acontiaria Family: Aiptasiidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Aiptasia insignis Ambiguous syn.
Type Locality: Japan
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Unknown
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Carlgren, 1941
Hawaii
Species ID: 220557
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:16:22 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Mito and Uesugi (2004) listed "Aiptasia cf. insignis" as introduced into Japan, though no sites were given.
Belda-Baillie et al. (2002) list Aiptasia cf. insignis from Okinawa (Central Indo-Pacific Region), which we assume is
the same species. The base species, Aiptasia insignis, shown in the southern Atlantic may be a different species.
314
NEP

Aiptasia cf. insignis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal O
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR
X
O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY
Brackish Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
X
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
315
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
SP
SP

Aiptasiomorpha minima
Taxon: Anthozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Cnidaria
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Anthozoa
Subclass: Hexacorallia Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Actiniaria Suborder: Nyantheae Infraorder: Thenaria
Superfamily: Acontiaria Family: Diadumenidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Aiptasia minima Synonym
Aiptasiomorpha minuta Synonym
Diadumene minima Synonym
Type Locality: New Zealand
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:

Aiptasiomorpha minima Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
O Sub-Shallow
O
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR
X
CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY
Brackish Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B
O
Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
317
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
RI X
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
SP
SP

Bunodeopsis sp. A (Engle and Richards, 2001)
Taxon: Anthozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Cnidaria
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Anthozoa
Subclass: Hexacorallia Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Actiniaria Suborder: Nyantheae Infraorder: Boloceroidaria
Superfamily: Family: Boloceroididae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Bunodeopsis sp. A (SCAMIT) Convention
Bunodeopsis sp. A Ljubenkov Synonym
Bunodeopsis sp. A of Cohen et al. 2002 Convention
Bunodeopsis sp. of NEP authors Convention
Type Locality: California, USA and Pacific Mexico
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Ljubenkov, 1998
Hawaii
Species ID: 100088
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:16:22 PM
NEP
1995
Mission Bay, California
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
X X
AO PO
Comments: We classify Bunodeopsis sp. A as NIS in Southern California though it may represent a climate transient
from the Gulf of California (see Engle and Richards, 2001). Bunodeopsis sp. A grows on seagrasses, resulting in
reduced growth or death (Williams, 2007c), as well as on surfgrass (Phyllospadix) and various brown algae.
318

Bunodeopsis sp. A (Engle and Richards, 2001) Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 3 - 15m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
TP RI-PH X
X
X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 7 - 45%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
O
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
X
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P P
O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
319
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P X
DD
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
SP
SP

Carijoa riisei
Taxon: Anthozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Cnidaria
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Anthozoa
Subclass: Octocorallia Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Alcyonacea Suborder: Stolonifera Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Clavulariidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Carijoa (Telesto) riisei Convention
Clavularia riisei Synonym
Clavularia rusei Synonym
Telesto riisei Synonym
Type Locality: U.S. Virgin Islands
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1860)
branched pipe coral
orange soft coral
snowflake coral
white telesto
Hawaii
1972
Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 122817
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:16:22 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: Carijoa riisei was considered a Western Atlantic species but is now considered to be from the "Indo-West
Pacific" and to have invaded the Caribbean in the 19th century. In Hawaii, Carlton and Eldredge (2009) classify it as a
NIS while Concepcion et al. (2010) consider that it could be native or nonindigenous, thus we list it as a conflict.
320
NEP

Carijoa riisei Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
P
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 3.5 - 120m] [Pref: 10 - 105m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
P
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
X X
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
O O O
SynH
SA
PP
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
H X G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
SeqH X IF FEE FCS
X
P X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
321
Supralittoral
DD
RI
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
SP
SP

Culicia rachelfitzhardingeae
Taxon: Anthozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Cnidaria
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Anthozoa
Subclass: Hexacorallia Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Scleractinia Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Rhizangiidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Culicia sp., cf. C. tenella of Fitzhardinge (1985, 1993) Synonym
Type Locality: Oahu, Hawaii, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Cairns, 2006
Hawaii
1983
Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 220589
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:16:22 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: Culicia rachelfitzhardingeae was described from Hawaii but is considered to be an Indo-Pacific
introduction.
NEP
HR
322
O

Culicia rachelfitzhardingeae Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
TP RI-PH X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 2 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
O
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
323
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
SP
SP

Diadumene cincta
Taxon: Anthozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Cnidaria
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Anthozoa
Subclass: Hexacorallia Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Actiniaria Suborder: Nyantheae Infraorder: Thenaria
Superfamily: Acontiaria Family: Diadumenidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Diadumene ? cincta of Cohen and Carlton, 1995 Synonym orange anemone
Diadumene sp. of Carlton 1979 Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Stephenson, 1925
Hawaii
Species ID: 1158
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:16:22 PM
NEP
1976
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: Diadumene cincta is considered introduced into the North Sea, European Atlantic coast, and the
Mediterranean by several sources (e.g., Streftaris et al., 2005). However, other sources suggest that it is native to the
United Kingdom. We list it as having conflicting classifications in the North Sea and Celtic Seas Ecoregions.
324

Diadumene cincta Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 40m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
X
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
X X
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
O P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
O P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
325
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
RI X
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
SP
SP

Diadumene franciscana
Taxon: Anthozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Cnidaria
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Anthozoa
Subclass: Hexacorallia Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Actiniaria Suborder: Nyantheae Infraorder: Thenaria
Superfamily: Acontiaria Family: Diadumenidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
double-striped anemone
San Francisco anemone
Type Locality: California, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Hand, 1956
Hawaii
1998
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 1156
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:16:22 PM
NEP
1941
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: The native origin of Diadumene franciscana is not known, but Carlton and Eldredge (2009) suggest that the
western or southwestern Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean, or Australasia are likely sources.
326

Diadumene franciscana Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
TP RI-PH X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
O Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: - 38.6psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O O
O O O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P O P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
327
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
X IF FEE FCS P X
DD
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
SP
SP

Diadumene leucolena
Taxon: Anthozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Cnidaria
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Anthozoa
Subclass: Hexacorallia Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Actiniaria Suborder: Nyantheae Infraorder: Thenaria
Superfamily: Acontiaria Family: Diadumenidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 2008
Loc 1st record: Dalian, China
Established: Yes
Taxonomic Author: (Verrill, 1866)
Cylista leucolena Synonym
Sagartia leucolena Synonym
Type Locality:
Hawaii
1950s
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
ghost anemone
white anemone
Species ID: 1159
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:16:22 PM
NEP
1936
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X X
AO X PO
Comments: The PICES rapid assessment survey ((PICES Working Group 21, 2008)) found Diadumene leucolena in
Dalian, China in 2008. We assume that it established in the NWP.
328
O

Diadumene leucolena Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 10m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
X X
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 6 - 33psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
O O O O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
P O P
SynH
SA
PP
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
H X G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
SeqH
IF FEE FCS P X X
X
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
329
Supralittoral
DD
RI X
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
SP
SP

Diadumene lineata
Taxon: Anthozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Cnidaria
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Anthozoa
Subclass: Hexacorallia Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Actiniaria Suborder: Nyantheae Infraorder: Thenaria
Superfamily: Acontiaria Family: Diadumenidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Verrill, 1869)
Diadumene luciae Synonym
Haliplanella lineata Synonym
Haliplanella luciae Synonym
Type Locality:
Hawaii
1999
Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii
Yes
orange-striped green anemone
small piling anemone
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
Comments:
X
AO X PO X
Species ID: 120106
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:16:22 PM
NEP
1906
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
REC
SF
HR
330
O

Diadumene lineata Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 2m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
P Sub-Shallow
O
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
TP RI-PH X X
X X
X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 12 - 34psu] [Pref: 18 - 34psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
O P P
K
Mixed Sediments
O
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P P
O
P P P P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
331
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
X IF FEE FCS
X
P X X
DD
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
X X
X
F
X
SP
SP

Nematostella vectensis
Taxon: Anthozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Cnidaria
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Anthozoa
Subclass: Hexacorallia Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Actiniaria Suborder: Nyantheae Infraorder: Athenaria
Superfamily: Family: Edwardsiidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Nematostella pellucida Synonym solitary marsh anemone
Starlet sea anemone
Type Locality: Isle of Wight, England
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Stephenson, 1935
Hawaii
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
Comments:
AO X PO
Species ID: 1697
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:16:22 PM
NEP
1946
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
REC
SF
HR
332
O

Nematostella vectensis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
TP RI-PH
X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
P
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 3m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 65.81 - 65.81%] X
Sand
O
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 2 - 51.54psu] [Pref: 16 - 35psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper O
Oligohaline O Mesohaline P Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P O
O O O P P P
K
Pelagic
Organic
O
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic O
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA
O
MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
333
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
X IF FEE FCS
X
P X
DD
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
SP
SP

Synandwakia hozawai
Taxon: Anthozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Cnidaria
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Anthozoa
Subclass: Hexacorallia Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Actiniaria Suborder: Nyantheae Infraorder: Athenaria
Superfamily: Family: Andvakiidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Andwakia hozawai Synonym
Type Locality: Mutsu Bay, Japan
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 1998
Loc 1st record: Sakhalin, Sea of Okhotsk
Established: Yes
Taxonomic Author: (Uchida, 1932)
Hawaii
Species ID: 2011626
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:16:22 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: We follow Zvyagintsev et al. (2011) and tentatively list the burrowing actinia, Synandwakia hozawai, as
introduced into the Sea of Okhotsk based on its appearance in 1998. However, given its native distribution to the south,
this may represent a natural range extension rather than an anthropogenic introduction.
334
NEP

Synandwakia hozawai Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
P
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
P
DEPTH [Obs: 34 - 102m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 32.3 - 32.5psu] [Pref: 32.3 - 32.5psu]
Fresh Brackish Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
K
Mixed Sediments
P
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
335
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Cnidaria
Class: Cubozoa
336

337
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Copula sivickisi
Taxon: Cubozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Cnidaria
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Cubozoa
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Carybdeida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Tripedaliidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Carybdea sivickisi Synonym
Type Locality: Philippines
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Stiasny, 1926)
Hawaii
1996
Waikiki, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 122814
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:19:24 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: During the day, the box jellyfish, Copula sivickisi (=Carybdea sivickisi), attaches to the undersides of rocks
or other hard substrates.
NEP
338

Copula sivickisi Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
Epi-Surface
P
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
P
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
X X
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY
Brackish Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic O
Artificial Substrate
C
O
O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
339
H
Supralittoral
H
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic X Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
VP
SP
SP
X

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Cnidaria
Class: Hydrozoa
340

341
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Amphinema sp. (Rees, 2000)
Taxon: Hydrozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Cnidaria
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Hydrozoa
Subclass: Hydroidolina Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Anthoathecata Suborder: Filifera Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Pandeidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: California, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Rees, 2000
Hawaii
Species ID: 12343
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:20:47 PM
NEP
1998
Bodega Harbor, California
Unknown
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: The polyp of Amphinema sp. (Rees, 2000) most closely resembles Amphinema rugosum while the medusae
most closely resembles A. dinema. Both of these are widely distributed over the globe but have not been reported from
the NEP (Rees, 2000).
342

Amphinema sp. (Rees, 2000) Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
O
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
O
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
343
H
Supralittoral
H
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
RI
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic X Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
SP
SP
X

Bimeria vestita
Taxon: Hydrozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Cnidaria
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Hydrozoa
Subclass: Hydroidolina Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Anthoathecata Suborder: Filifera Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Bougainvilliidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Bimeria amoyensis Synonym
Bimeria corynopsis Synonym
Bimeria humilis Synonym
Eudendrium vestitum Synonym
Type Locality: Firth of Forth, Scotland
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Sagami Bay, Japan
Established: Yes
Taxonomic Author: Wright, 1859
Hawaii
2009
Oahu, Hawaii
Unknown
Species ID: 101848
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:20:47 PM
NEP
1934
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Bimeria vestita is introduced in the San Francisco Estuary and we assume that it is native to the NEA. By
extension we classify it as nonindigenous in Hawaii, especially given its recent discovery (Calder, 2010), and in the
NWP based on Hargitt’s (1927) and Hirohito’s (1988) reports from Southern China and Sagami Bay, Japan.
344

Bimeria vestita Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
O
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 200m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
X
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY
Brackish Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
P O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
345
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
RI
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic X Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
SP
SP

Blackfordia virginica
Taxon: Hydrozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Cnidaria
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Hydrozoa
Subclass: Hydroidolina Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Leptothecata Suborder: Conica Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Blackfordiidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Black Sea jelly fish
Type Locality: Virgina, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Mayer, 1910
Hawaii
Species ID: 1160
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:20:47 PM
NEP
1970
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: Cohen and Carlton (1995) consider Blackfordia virginica native to the Black and Caspian seas; however, it
is listed as nonindigenous by the Caspian Sea Biodiversity Project (Aladin et al., 2006b). This estuarine hydroid has
become widely introduced over the globe, including the NEP and NWP.
346

Blackfordia virginica Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
TP RI-PH X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
O
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
P
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 30m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 1 - 35psu] [Pref: 14.9 - 22.2psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline P Mesohaline P Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
O O O P P O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
O P O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
347
H
Supralittoral
H
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
X IF FEE FCS P X X
DD
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic X Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
SP
SP
X

Bougainvillia muscus
Taxon: Hydrozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Cnidaria
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Hydrozoa
Subclass: Hydroidolina Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Anthoathecata Suborder: Filifera Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Bougainvilliidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Bougainvillia fruticosa Synonym
Bougainvillia obscura Synonym
Bougainvillia ramosa Synonym
Perigonimus muscus Synonym
Type Locality: Devon, Great Britian
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Sea of Japan
Established: Yes
Taxonomic Author: (Allman, 1863)
Hawaii
1967
Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 1698
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:20:47 PM
NEP
1978
Friday Harbor, Washington
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X X
AO X PO
Comments: Bougainvillia muscus is native to the Atlantic and considered introduced in the Pacific (Carlton and
Eldredge, 2009) and Mills et al. (2007) considers it “probably introduced in bays and harbors" in the NEP. B ramosa (=
B. muscus) has been reported from wharfs in the Northwestern Sea of Japan (Chaplygina, 2006).
348

Bougainvillia muscus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
X
TP RI-PH
X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
P
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
P
Sand
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 1200m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
P
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
O
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
O
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
K
Mixed Sediments
O
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O O
O
P P P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
349
H
Supralittoral
H
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic X Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
X
F
X
SP
SP
X

Cladonema pacificum
Taxon: Hydrozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Cnidaria
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Hydrozoa
Subclass: Hydroidolina Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Anthoathecata Suborder: Capitata Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Cladonematidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Cladonema radiatum var. mayeri Synonym
Cladonema pacifica Convention
Cladonema uchidai Synonym
Type Locality: Sea of Japan
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Naumov, 1955
Hawaii
Species ID: 1161
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:20:47 PM
NEP
1979
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Unknown
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: Cladonema pacificum ( = C. uchaidai) was found in a display tank at the Univ. of CA Berkeley and is
presumed to occur within the San Francisco Estuary (Mills et al., 2007).
350
O

Cladonema pacificum Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
TP RI-PH X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
O
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
O
Sand
Shelf
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal O
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish P
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
351
H
Supralittoral
H
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic X Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
SP
SP
X

Cladonema radiatum
Taxon: Hydrozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Cnidaria
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Hydrozoa
Subclass: Hydroidolina Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Anthoathecata Suborder: Capitata Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Cladonematidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Cladonema mayeri Synonym root-arm medusa
Cladonema perkinsii Synonym
Stauridium radiatum Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Dujardin, 1843
Hawaii
1972
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 1700
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:20:47 PM
NEP
1988
Puget Sound, WA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: Rees (1982) considers that the East Asia records of Cladonema radiatum are likely C. uchida (= C.
pacificum). Because of this uncertainty, we classify the NWP and Indian Ocean records as cryptogenic.
HR
352
O

Cladonema radiatum Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
TP RI-PH X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
O
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
P
Sand
Shelf
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 16.5 - 35psu] [Pref: - 35psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
O P P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
353
H
Supralittoral
H
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic X Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
SP
SP
X

Clava multicornis
Taxon: Hydrozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Cnidaria
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Hydrozoa
Subclass: Hydroidolina Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Anthoathecata Suborder: Filifera Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Hydractiniidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Clava leptostyla Synonym club headed hydroid
club hydroid
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Forsskål, 1775)
Hawaii
Species ID: 1162
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:20:47 PM
NEP
1895
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Unknown
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
AO X PO
Comments: Whether the Clava multicornis reported from the San Francisco Estuary is the European species is
uncertain (Mills et al., 2007). It is also uncertain whether C. multicornis still occurs in the NEP.
354
O

Clava multicornis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
O
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
P
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
P Sub-Shallow
O
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
X X
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 15 - 40psu] [Pref: 16 - 32psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper O
Oligohaline Mesohaline P Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P O
P P P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O P
P O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
355
H
Supralittoral
H
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
RI X
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic X Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
SP
SP
X

Clytia hemisphaerica
Taxon: Hydrozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Cnidaria
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Hydrozoa
Subclass: Hydroidolina Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Leptothecata Suborder: Proboscoida Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Campanulariidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Campanularia gigantea Synonym
Campanularia johnstoni Synonym
Campanularia raridentata Synonym
Clytia bicophora Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Linnaeus, 1767)
Hawaii
1972
Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 2011599
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:20:47 PM
Unknown
Unknown
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: The native region of Clytia hemisphaerica [= Campanularia johnstoni] is not known. Regional
classifications are used where available, otherwise it is listed as unclassified.
NEP
HR
356
O

Clytia hemisphaerica Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF
X
UV-SUB X
TP RI-PH
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
P
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 50m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 28 - 34psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
P
P
K
Mixed Sediments
O
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
P O P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
357
H
Supralittoral
H
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic X Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
X
F
X
SP
SP
X

Cordylophora caspia
Taxon: Hydrozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Cnidaria
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Hydrozoa
Subclass: Hydroidolina Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Anthoathecata Suborder: Filifera Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Cordylophoridae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Cordylophora albicola Synonym
Cordylophora lacustris Synonym
Cordylophora whiteleggi Synonym
Tubularia cornea Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Pallas, 1771)
Hawaii
1974
Maui, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 1163
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:20:47 PM
NEP
ca. 1920
Puget Sound, WA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP X REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR X A P
X X
AO X PO
X
Comments: Cordylophora caspia is a freshwater and low salinity species, while at higher salinities it forms a resistant
stage. According to DAISIE, "this hydroid is known in temperate and tropical coastal regions of every continent (except
Antarctica), and in many fresh waters." C. caspia has a planulae larvae but no medusoid stage.
358

Cordylophora caspia Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
TP RI-PH X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 15m] [Pref: 0 - 3m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
P
Lakes
P
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 35psu] [Pref: 0.2 - 15psu]
Fresh P Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline P Mesohaline P Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
P P P P P O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
O
P O P
SynH
X
SA
PP
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
H X G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
SeqH
IF FEE FCS
X
P
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
359
Supralittoral
DD
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
SP
SP

Corymorpha sp. (Cohen and Carlton, 1995)
Taxon: Hydrozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Cnidaria
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Hydrozoa
Subclass: Hydroidolina Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Anthoathecata Suborder: Capitata Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Corymorphidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Corymorpha sp. A LSM4 Synonym
Type Locality: California, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author:
Hawaii
Species ID: 1164
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:20:47 PM
NEP
1955
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: The unidentified Corymorpha in the San Francisco Estuary is similar to the European C. nutans but the
taxonomy is unresolved (CANOD, 2009). It was found on mud bottoms.
360
O

Corymorpha sp. (Cohen and Carlton, 1995) Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF
X
UV-SUB
TP RI-PH
X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
P
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
Intertidal
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish P
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
361
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Garveia franciscana
Taxon: Hydrozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Cnidaria
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Hydrozoa
Subclass: Hydroidolina Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Anthoathecata Suborder: Filifera Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Bougainvilliidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Bimeria franciscana Synonym rope grass hydroid
Bimeria monodi Synonym
Bimeria tunicata Synonym
Perigonimus megas Synonym
Type Locality: San Francisco Estuary, California, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Unknown
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Torrey, 1902)
Hawaii
Species ID: 1165
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:20:47 PM
NEP
1901
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: The native range of Garveia franciscana is unknown. Calder (1997) suggested the Black Sea/Caspian Sea
may be its origin while Carlton (2009) proposed the South Pacific - Indian Ocean as the native region. We use regional
classifications when available; elsewhere we list it as unclassified.
362

Garveia franciscana Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 55m] [Pref: 0 - 4m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
X X
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 1 - 35psu] [Pref: 3 - 10psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline P Mesohaline P Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
P P P O O O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
P O P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
363
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI X
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
SP
SP

Garveia sp. (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009)
Taxon: Hydrozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Cnidaria
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Hydrozoa
Subclass: Hydroidolina Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Anthoathecata Suborder: Filifera Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Bougainvilliidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Garveia humulis of Grovhoug and Rastetter (1980) Ambiguous syn.
Type Locality: Hawaii, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author:
Hawaii
1972
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 170082
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:20:47 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: This unidentified Garveia was found on the hydroid Pennaria in Hawaii in 1972. It has been identified as G.
humilis but Carlton and Eldredge (2009) consider this identification requires confirmation.
NEP
364

Garveia sp. (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009) Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal O
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B
O
Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
365
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
SP
SP

Gonothyraea loveni
Taxon: Hydrozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Cnidaria
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Hydrozoa
Subclass: Hydroidolina Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Leptothecata Suborder: Proboscoida Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Campanulariidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Gonothyraea clarki Synonym
Gonothyraea hyalina Synonym
Laomedea loveni Synonym
Obelia loveni Synonym
Type Locality: Shetland, Scotland
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record:

Gonothyraea loveni Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
TP RI-PH X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 124m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
O
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 7 - 30psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
O O O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
K
X
Mixed Sediments
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P O
367
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Laomedea calceolifera
Taxon: Hydrozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Cnidaria
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Hydrozoa
Subclass: Hydroidolina Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Leptothecata Suborder: Proboscoida Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Campanulariidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Campanularia calceolifera Synonym
Eulaomedea calceolifera Synonym
Laomedea conferta Synonym
Laomedia calceolifera Misspelling
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: 1875
Loc 1st record: Yellow Sea
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Hincks, 1871)
Hawaii
Species ID: 12120
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:20:47 PM
NEP
1990
Southern California
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: The status of Laomedea calceolifera in the NEP is confused. Cohen et al. (2005) reported its first NEP
occurrence in the San Francisco Estuary in 2004, and it is "frequent in harbors and estuaries" (Mills et al., 2007).
However, it was reported as common offshore in Southern California since the 1990s (SCAMIT, 2003b).
368

Laomedea calceolifera Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
TP RI-PH X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
P
DEPTH [Obs: 3 - 190m] [Pref: - 60m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
P
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: - 76%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
O
Mixed Sediments
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 24.5 - 33.17psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
O O
K
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
P O
SynH
SA
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
369
H X
SeqH
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Laomedea flexuosa
Taxon: Hydrozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Cnidaria
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Hydrozoa
Subclass: Hydroidolina Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Leptothecata Suborder: Proboscoida Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Campanulariidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 1990s
Loc 1st record: Peter the Great Bay, Russia
Established: Yes
Taxonomic Author: Alder, 1857
Hawaii
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A
X
AO PO
Comments:
Species ID: 2011600
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:20:47 PM
P
REC
NEP
SF
HR
370
O

Laomedea flexuosa Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
P
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 55m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
X X
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 6.5 - psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
O O O O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
P P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
371
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI X
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Maeotias marginata
Taxon: Hydrozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Cnidaria
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Hydrozoa
Subclass: Trachylinae Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Limnomedusae Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Olindiasidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Maeotias inexpectata Synonym Black Sea jellyfish
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Modeer, 1791)
Hawaii
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
Comments:
X
AO PO
Species ID: 1167
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:20:47 PM
NEP
1959?
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
REC
SF
HR
372
O

Maeotias marginata Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
P
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
P
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0.5 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR
X
CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 3 - 13psu] [Pref: 5 - 10psu]
Fresh Brackish P
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline P Mesohaline P Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
P P O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
H
Supralittoral
H
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
X IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
RI
RI-PH
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P O
373
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic X Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
SP
SP
X

Moerisia sp. (Rees and Gershwin, 2000)
Taxon: Hydrozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Cnidaria
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Hydrozoa
Subclass: Hydroidolina Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Anthoathecata Suborder: Capitata Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Moerisiidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Moerisia lyonsi of Cairns et al. (2002); not Boulenger, 1908 Misidentified
Type Locality: California, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Rees & Gershwin, 2000
Hawaii
Species ID: 3351
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:20:47 PM
NEP
1993
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: According to Rees and Gershwin (2000), the Moerisia sp. in the San Francisco Estuary is assumed to be
part of the "relict brackish-water Sarmatic fauna native to the Black and Caspian Seas."
374
O

Moerisia sp. (Rees and Gershwin, 2000) Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
O
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
O
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0.5 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
O
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 11psu] [Pref: - 10psu]
Fresh O Brackish P
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline P Mesohaline P Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O O P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
K
Mixed Sediments
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P O
375
P
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic X Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP
X

Obelia bidentata
Taxon: Hydrozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Cnidaria
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Hydrozoa
Subclass: Hydroidolina Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Leptothecata Suborder: Proboscoida Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Campanulariidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Laomedea bicuspidata Synonym doubletoothed hydroid
Obelia bicuspidata Synonym
Obelia corona Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Clark, 1875
1946
Hawaii
Yes
Hawaii
Species ID: 1168
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:20:47 PM
NEP
1912
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: The native range of Obelia bidentata is unknown, though Carlton and Eldredge (2009) suggested that it
might be of Atlantic origin. We use regional classifications when available otherwise we list it as unclassified.
376
O

Obelia bidentata Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
TP RI-PH X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
O
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
P
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 200m] [Pref: 0 - 22m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
O
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 9 - 56%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
O
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 26 - 31psu] [Pref: 26 - 31psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
P
P
K
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
O O O P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
377
H
Supralittoral
H
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
X IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic X Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
SP
SP
X

Obelia dichotoma Cmplx
Taxon: Hydrozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Cnidaria
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Hydrozoa
Subclass: Hydroidolina Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Leptothecata Suborder: Proboscoida Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Campanulariidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Campanularia dichotoma Ambiguous syn. sea thread hydroid
Gonothyraea integra Ambiguous syn.
Laomedea dichotoma Ambiguous syn.
Obelia alternata Ambiguous syn.
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Linnaeus, 1758)
Hawaii
1972
Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 1169
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:20:47 PM
NEP
1894
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X X
AO X PO
Comments: Following SCAMIT (2011) and CANOD (2009), we consider Obelia dichotoma to represent a species
complex. Therefore, it is listed as unclassified in the NEP. In other locations we tentatively use regional classifications
when available; otherwise we list it as unclassified.
378

Obelia dichotoma Cmplx Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
TP RI-PH X X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
O
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
P
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 216m] [Pref: 0 - 31m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep O
P
P
Epi-Deep
O
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 1 - 88.86%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
O
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 5 - 40psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper O
Oligohaline O Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P O
O O O O O
K
X
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O P
O P
P O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
379
H
Supralittoral
H
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
X IF FEE FCS
X
P
X
DD
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic X Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
SP
SP
X

Pennaria disticha
Taxon: Hydrozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Cnidaria
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Hydrozoa
Subclass: Hydroidolina Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Anthoathecata Suborder: Capitata Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Pennariidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Goldfuss, 1820)
Corydendrium spendidum Misspelling
Corydendrium splendidum Synonym
Halocordyle disticha Synonym
Pennaria disticha australis Convention
Type Locality: Gulf of Naples, Italy
Hawaii
1929
Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Christmas tree hydroid
feather hydroid
feathered hydroid (Pennaria disticha)
Species ID: 122813
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:20:47 PM
NEP

Pennaria disticha Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
O
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
O
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 50m] [Pref: 2 - 7m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
X X
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY
Brackish Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
O O P O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
381
H
Supralittoral
H
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
X IF FEE FCS
X
P
X
DD
RI X
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic X Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
SP
SP
X

Pinauay crocea
Taxon: Hydrozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Cnidaria
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Hydrozoa
Subclass: Hydroidolina Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Anthoathecata Suborder: Capitata Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Tubulariidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ectopleura crocea Synonym pink mouth hydroid
Parypha crocea Synonym
Tubularia crocea Synonym
Type Locality: Boston Harbour, Massachusetts, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Yellow Sea
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Agassiz, 1862)
Hawaii
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
AO X PO
Comments:
Species ID: 1171
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:20:47 PM
NEP
1859
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
REC
SF
HR
382
O

Pinauay crocea Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 57m] [Pref: 0 - 40m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
P
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
TP RI-PH X X
X
X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Lakes
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 13 - 15%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
O
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 9 - 35psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
O O O P
K
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O O
O P P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
383
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
X IF FEE FCS
X
P
X
DD
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
SP
SP

Podocorynoides minima
Taxon: Hydrozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Cnidaria
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Hydrozoa
Subclass: Hydroidolina Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Anthoathecata Suborder: Filifera Infraorder:
Superfamily: Hydractiniidae Family: Rathkeidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Cytaeis minima Synonym
Hydractinia minima Synonym
Podocoryna minima Synonym
Podocoryne minima Synonym
Type Locality: Gulf of Naples, Italy
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 1986
Loc 1st record: Peter the Great Bay, Russia
Established: Yes
Taxonomic Author: (Trinci, 1903)
Hawaii
Species ID: 2011627
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:20:47 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Podocorynoides minima is a widely distributed hydromedusa described from the Mediterranean. First found
in Peter the Great Bay in 1986, Zvyagintsev et al. (2011) classified it as introduced. Based on this, we tentatively
classify it as NIS in the Sea of Japan, recognizing that its occurrence in the Sea of Japan may represent natural dispersal.
384
NEP

Podocorynoides minima Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
Epi-Surface
O
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
O
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 70m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
O
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
385
H
Supralittoral
H
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
Pelagic X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Benthic Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP EPS EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP
X

Thuiaria thuiarioides
Taxon: Hydrozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Cnidaria
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Hydrozoa
Subclass: Hydroidolina Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Leptothecata Suborder: Conica Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Sertulariidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Abietinaria thuiarioides Synonym
Diphasia thuiarioides Synonym
Sertularia thuiarioides Synonym
Thuiaria thuiaroides Misspelling
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Clark, 1876)
Type Locality: Nunivak Island, Bering Sea, and Chignik Bay, Alaska Peninsula
Hawaii
Species ID: 101874
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:20:47 PM
NEP
1911
Puget Sound, WA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: CANOD (2009) classifies Thuiaria thuiarioides (=Abietinaria thuiarioides) as nonindigenous in Humboldt
Bay, California based on a 2006 record. However, it was reported from Alaska to Puget Sound since 1911 and the
introduction into Humboldt Bay may represent a temporary southward excursion.
386

Thuiaria thuiarioides Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
O
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: - 374m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
O
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR
X
CR O/M
Bathyal
O
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY
Brackish Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B
O
Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
387
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Turritopsis nutricula Cmplx
Taxon: Hydrozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Cnidaria
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Hydrozoa
Subclass: Hydroidolina Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Anthoathecata Suborder: Anthomedusae Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Clavidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Turritopsis nutricula Ambiguous syn. Immortal jellyfish
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: McCrady, 1857
Hawaii
1972
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 3435
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:20:47 PM
NEP

Turritopsis nutricula Cmplx Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
O
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
P
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 9m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow
O
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
X X
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
389
H
Supralittoral
H
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic X Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
SP
SP
X

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Cnidaria
Class: Scyphozoa
390

391
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Anomalorhiza shawi
Taxon: Scyphozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Cnidaria
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Scyphozoa
Subclass: Discomedusae Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Rhizostomeae Suborder: Daktyliophorae Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Lychnorhizidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: Philippines
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Light, 1921
Hawaii
1983
Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
Comments:
X
AO PO
Species ID: 122816
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:21:59 PM
REC
NEP
SF
HR
392
O

Anomalorhiza shawi Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
Epi-Surface
O
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
P
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR
X
CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY
Brackish Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B
O
Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
393
H
Supralittoral
H
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
X IF FEE FCS
X
P
X
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic X Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
SP
SP
X

Aurelia sp. (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009)
Taxon: Scyphozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Cnidaria
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Scyphozoa
Subclass: Discomedusae Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Semaeostomeae Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Ulmaridae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Aurelia labiata of Hawaiian authors Misidentified
Aurelia sp. 4 of Dawson et al., 2005 Synonym
Type Locality: Hawaii, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author:
1953
Hawaii
Yes
Hawaii
Species ID: 170098
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:21:59 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: Based on genetic analysis (Dawson et al., 2005), Hawaiian populations of Aurelia are most likely an
unnamed species endemic to the eastern Borneo and Palau regions.
NEP
394
O

Aurelia sp. (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009) Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
P
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR
X
CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B
O
Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
395
H
Supralittoral
H
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
X IF FEE FCS
X
P
X
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic X Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
SP
SP
X

Aurelia sp. 1 (Dawson et al., 2005)
Taxon: Scyphozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Cnidaria
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Scyphozoa
Subclass: Discomedusae Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Semaeostomeae Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Ulmaridae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Aurelia aurita of NEP authors in part Partial synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Dawson et al., 2005
Hawaii
Species ID: 101847
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:21:59 PM
NEP
1988
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: Dawson et al. (2005) seperated Aurelia species based on their genetics. Aurelia sp. 1 had a wide, disjunct
distribution with low genetic variation, indicative of anthropogenic transport. While the native region is unknown,
CANOD (2009) classifies it as introduced in California. We classify it as NIS in the NEP and cryptogenic elsewhere.
396

Aurelia sp. 1 (Dawson et al., 2005) Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR
X
CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B
O
Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
397
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
X IF FEE FCS
X
P
X
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic X Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
SP
SP
X

Cassiopea andromeda
Taxon: Scyphozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Cnidaria
Subphylum: Medusozoa Superclass: Class: Scyphozoa
Subclass: Discomedusae Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Rhizostomeae Suborder: Kolpophorae Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Cassiopeidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Cassiopea medusa of Hawaiian authors in part Partial synonym Upside-down jellyfish
Cassiopea mertensi of Hawaiian authors in part Partial synonym
Cassiopeia andromeda Misspelling
Medusa andromeda Synonym
Type Locality: Red Sea
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Forsskål, 1775)
Hawaii
1950
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 122815
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:21:59 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: Based on molecular evidence, Holland et al. (2004) concluded that Cassiopea andromeda is one of two
Cassiopea to have invaded Hawaii and is native to the Indo-Pacific. It “may be introduced” in the Red Sea (Carlton and
Eldredge, 2009) and is introduced in the Mediterranean (Zenetos et al, 2010).
398
NEP

Cassiopea andromeda Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X TP RI-PH
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
O
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
P
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: - 38.5psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B
O
Oth
SynH
SA
X
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
399
H
Supralittoral
H
O
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
X IF FEE FCS
X
P
X
DD
X
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU
X
EPC
F
X
SP
SP

Cassiopea sp. 3 (Holland et al., 2004)
Taxon: Scyphozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Cnidaria
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Scyphozoa
Subclass: Discomedusae Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Rhizostomeae Suborder: Kolpophorae Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Cassiopeidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Cassiopea sp. (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009) Synonym
Type Locality: Hawaii, USA and Papua New Guinea
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Holland et al., 2004
Hawaii
2000
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 170099
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:21:59 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: Based on molecular evidence, Holland et al. (2004) concluded that Cassiopea sp. 3 is one of two Cassiopea
to have invaded Hawaii. It is also found in Papua New Guinea; and Carlton and Eldredge (2009) consider it native to
the Indo-Pacific.
400
NEP

Cassiopea sp. 3 (Holland et al., 2004) Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
TP RI-PH
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal O
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B
O
Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
401
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
X IF FEE FCS
X
P
X
DD
X
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X X
F
X
SP
SP

Phyllorhiza punctata
Taxon: Scyphozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Cnidaria
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Scyphozoa
Subclass: Discomedusae Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Rhizostomeae Suborder: Kolpophorae Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Mastigiidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Lendenfeld, 1884
Cotylorhizoides pacificus Synonym
Mastigias scintillae Synonym
Type Locality: Port Jackson, Australia
Hawaii
1933
Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Australian spotted jellyfish
spotted jellyfish
white spotted jellyfish
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
Comments:
X
AO PO
Species ID: 3352
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:21:59 PM
NEP
1981
San Diego and Mission Bay, CA
Yes
REC
SF
HR
402
O

Phyllorhiza punctata Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
P
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
P
Shelf
O
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 10m] [Pref: 0 - 3m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
Bathyal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR
X
CR O/M
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 10 - 38.6psu] [Pref: 19 - 35psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P O
O P P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B
O
Oth
SynH
SA
X
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
403
H
Supralittoral
H
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
X IF FEE FCS
X
P
X
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic X Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
SP
SP
X

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Ctenophora
404

405
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Vallicula multiformis
Taxon: Ctenophore
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Ctenophora
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Tentaculata
Subclass: Typhlocoela Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Platyctenida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Coeloplanidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Vallicula multifrons Misspelling
Type Locality: Jamaica
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Rankin, 1956
Hawaii
1992
Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 122818
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:18:07 PM
NEP
1997
San Diego Bay, CA
Unknown
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP X REC SF
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
X
Comments: Vallicula multiformis is a benthic ctenophore native to the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean.
HR
406
O

Vallicula multiformis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X X TP RI-PH X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: - 15m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY
Brackish Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O O O
O O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
407
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
Pelagic
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Benthic Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
SP
SP

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Nematoda
408

409
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Camallanus cotti
Taxon: Nematode
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Nematoda
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Secernentea
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Spirurida Suborder: Camallanina Infraorder:
Superfamily: Camallanoidea Family: Camallanidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: Lake Biwa, Japan
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Fujita, 1927
Hawaii
1993
Hakalau Stream, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 170100
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:30:07 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF X ID RE AP X REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
AO PO
X
Comments: Camallanus cotti is an intestinal nematode that parasitizes introduced freshwater and brackish water fishes,
such as Gambusia affinis and Xiphophorus hellerii, in Hawaii and New Caledonia. It is native to Asia.
NEP
410

Camallanus cotti Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
X
Mud
Sand
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
O
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - psu] [Pref: 0 - psu]
Fresh P Brackish O
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta
O
Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
411
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
Pelagic
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Benthic Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP
X

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Platyhelminthes
412

413
This page was intentionally left blank

Ascocotyle tenuicollis
Taxon: Fluke
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Platyhelminthes
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Trematoda
Subclass: Digenea Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Plagiorchiida Suborder: Opisthorchiata Infraorder:
Superfamily: Opisthorchioidea Family: Heterophyidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ascocotyle (Ascocotyle) tenuicollis Convention
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Price, 1935
Hawaii
1993
Hilo, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 122825
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:37:54 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
AO PO
Comments: Ascocotyle tenuicollis is a North American parasite of freshwater and brackish water fishes, such as
Gambusia spp.
NEP
414
O

Ascocotyle tenuicollis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
X
Mud
Sand
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
P
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
P
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 5psu] [Pref: 0 - psu]
Fresh P Brackish O
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline O Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O O O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
415
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
Pelagic
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Benthic Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP

Bothriocephalus acheilognathi
Taxon: Tapeworm
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Platyhelminthes
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Cestoda
Subclass: Eucestoda Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Bothriocephalidea Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Bothriocephalidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Bothriocephalus aegyptiacus Synonym Asian tapeworm
Bothriocephalus gowkongensis Synonym
Bothriocephalus kivuensis Synonym
Bothriocephalus opsariichthydis Synonym
Type Locality: Ogura Lake, Japan
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Yamaguti, 1934
1993
Hawaii
Yes
Hawaii
Species ID: 120179
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:37:54 PM
NEP
2001
Southern California
Yes
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
AO PO
Comments: The Asian tapeworm, Bothriocephalus acheilognathi, is a widely introduced parasite of several freshwater
fishes; it also parasitizes several salt-tolerant species, such as Gambusia spp., that occur in brackish waters.
416

Bothriocephalus acheilognathi Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
X
Mud
Sand
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
P
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
P
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - psu] [Pref: 0 - psu]
Fresh P Brackish O
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta
O
Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
X
SA
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
417
H X
SeqH
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
Pelagic
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Benthic Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
F
SP
SP

Cercaria batillariae
Taxon: Fluke
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Platyhelminthes
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Trematoda
Subclass: Digenea Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Strigeata Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Fellodistomatidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: Japan
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Shimura & Ito, 1980
Hawaii
Species ID: 3635
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:37:54 PM
NEP
1998
Elkhorn Slough, California
Yes
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
AO PO X
Comments: Miura et al. (2006) identified two distinct halpotypes of Cercaria batillariae in the NEP and it was
hypothesized that one was transported with its host, the introduced snail Batillaria attramentaria, but that the other was
transported by migratory shorebirds.
418

Cercaria batillariae Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR
UV-CS UV-TF
X
UV-SUB X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
X
Mud
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
MAN
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
O O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
419
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
Pelagic
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Benthic Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP

Gyrodactylus anguillae
Taxon: Fluke
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Platyhelminthes
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Monogenea
Subclass: Monopisthocotylea Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Gyrodactylidea Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Gyrodactylidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: 1976
Loc 1st record: Japan
Established: Unknown
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Ergens, 1960
Hawaii
Species ID: 101884
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:37:54 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P X
X
AO PO
Comments: Gyrodactylus anguillae parasitizes the gills of anguillid eels, in particular the European eel (Anguilla
anguilla). Genetic analysis indicates that it is native to Europe (Hayward et al., 2001). In addition to the translocations
of live eels, ballast water may be an important vector.
420
NEP

Gyrodactylus anguillae Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
P
Shelf
O
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
X
Mud
Sand
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
O
ECOSYSTEM
TP
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
O
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
O
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - psu] [Pref: 0 - psu]
Fresh P Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
O O O O O O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
421
H
Supralittoral
H
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
Pelagic
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Benthic Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP
X

Khawia iowensis
Taxon: Tapeworm
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Platyhelminthes
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Cestoda
Subclass: Eucestoda Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Caryophyllidea Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Lytocestidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: Iowa, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native (Amur Basin)
Established: Yes
Taxonomic Author: Calentine & Ulmer, 1961
Hawaii
Species ID: 1204
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:37:54 PM
NEP
1972
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P X
AO PO
Comments: Khawia iowensis is an intestinal parasite of the carp, Cyprinus carpio, which is primarily freshwater but can
occur in estuaries. Presumably, K. iowensis is native to the same range as C. carpio - rivers in temperate Eurasia,
specifically the Black, Caspian and Aral Sea basins - and introduced in areas where C. carpio is not native.
422

Khawia iowensis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
X
Mud
Sand
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
P
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
P
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - psu] [Pref: 0 - 0psu]
Fresh P Brackish O
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
423
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
X
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
Pelagic
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Benthic Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP

Koinostylochus ostreophagus
Taxon: Flatworm
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Platyhelminthes
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Rhabditophora
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Polycladida Suborder: Acotylea Infraorder:
Superfamily: Stylochoidea Family: Callioplanidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Pseudostylochus ostreophagus Synonym
Type Locality: Miyagi Prefecture, Japan
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Hyman, 1955)
Hawaii
Species ID: 1550
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:37:54 PM
NEP
1953
Puget Sound, WA
Yes
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
AO PO X
Comments: Koinostylochus ostreophagus (= Pseudostylochus ostreophagus) is a parasite/predator on oysters.
424
O

Koinostylochus ostreophagus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
X
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 71m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
X
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 10 - 35psu] [Pref: 20 - 25psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
O P P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O
P
M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
425
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
Pelagic
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Benthic Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Neobenedenia melleni
Taxon: Fluke
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Platyhelminthes
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Monogenea
Subclass: Monopisthocotylea Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Capsalidea Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Capsalidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Epibdella melleni Synonym
Neobenedenia girellae of NWP authors in part; not (MacCal Misidentified
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: 1991
Loc 1st record: Japan
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (MacCallum, 1927) Yamaguti, 1963
Hawaii
1981
Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 170081
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:37:54 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF X ID RE AP X REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
AO PO
X
Comments: Neobenedenia melleni is unique among monogenean parasites with its broad range of fish hosts, and may
be a species complex (Whittington, 2004). Nonetheless, available evidence suggests that it has been introduced into
Hawaii, Japan, and New York. We list it as unclassified elsewhere.
426
NEP

Neobenedenia melleni Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
TP RI-PH X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
X
Mud
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal O
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
O O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
427
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
Pelagic
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Benthic Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Neoheterobothrium hirame
Taxon: Monogenean
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Platyhelminthes
Subphylum: Neodermata Superclass: Class: Monogenea
Subclass: Polyopisthocotylea Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Mazocraeidea Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Diclidophoridae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: Sea of Japan
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 1993
Loc 1st record: Sea of Japan
Established: Yes
Taxonomic Author: Ogawa, 1999
Hawaii
Species ID: 101876
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:37:54 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
AO PO
Comments: Although described from the Sea of Japan, molecular studies indicate that Neoheterobothrium hirame
arrived in Japan by undergoing a “host-switch” from the southern flounder, Paralichthys lethostigma, to P. olivaceus.
The southern flounder is native to the southeast United States, which we assume is the native region for N. hirame.
428
NEP

Neoheterobothrium hirame Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
O
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
X
Mud
Sand
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
O
ECOSYSTEM
TP
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
O
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
O
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY
Brackish Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
429
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
Pelagic
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Benthic Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP

Salsuginus seculus
Taxon: Fluke
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Platyhelminthes
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Monogenea
Subclass: Monopisthocotylea Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Dactylogyridea Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Ancyrocephalidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Mizelle & Arcadi, 1945)

Salsuginus seculus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
O
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
X
Mud
Sand
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
O
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
P
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
P
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - psu] [Pref: 0 - psu]
Fresh P Brackish O
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta
O
Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
431
H
Supralittoral
H
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
Pelagic
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Benthic Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP
X

Stylochoplana limnoriae
Taxon: Flatworm
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Platyhelminthes
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Rhabditophora
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Polycladida Suborder: Acotylea Infraorder:
Superfamily: Leptoplanoidea Family: Stylochoplanidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Leptoplana limnoriae Synonym
Type Locality: Los Angeles Harbor, California, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Hyman, 1953)
Hawaii
Species ID: 1548
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:37:54 PM
NEP
1950
Los Angeles Harbor, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Stylochoplana limnoriae (= Leptoplana limnoriae) is found in the burrows of the wood-boring isopod
Limnoria in Los Angeles Harbor. Because of its close association with a non-native species, it is assumed to be
introduced in the NEP, though its native range is unknown.
432

Stylochoplana limnoriae Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal O
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
433
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S
X
DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC X X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Taenioplana teredini
Taxon: Flatworm
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Platyhelminthes
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Rhabditophora
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Polycladida Suborder: Acotylea Infraorder:
Superfamily: Ilyplanoidea Family: Euplanidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: Hawaii, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Hyman, 1944
Hawaii
1938
Honolulu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 122826
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:37:54 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Taenioplana teredini is associated with the shipworm Teredo. Its native region is unknown, though Carlton
(2009) suggested that it might be from the Southern Hemisphere.
NEP
434

Taenioplana teredini Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal O
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
P
SynH
SA
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
435
H X
SeqH
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Annelida
Class: Clitellata
436

437
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Chaetogaster diaphanus
Taxon: Oligochaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Clitellata
Subclass: Oligochaeta Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Haplotaxida Suborder: Tubificina Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Naididae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Chaetogaster diaphanus cyclops Convention
Nais diaphana Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Gruithuisen, 1828)
Hawaii
Species ID: 1267
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:36:13 PM
NEP
1986
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X ID RE AP X REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X X
AO PO
X
Comments: Chaetogaster diaphanus is primarily a freshwater species, though it can tolerate salinities up to about 10
psu. Its native range is unknown, though it has been introduced into the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta of the San
Francisco Estuary and the Columbia River in the NEP.
438

Chaetogaster diaphanus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
O
Sand
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines
O
Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
P
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
P
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 10psu] [Pref: 0 - psu]
Fresh P Brackish O
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline O Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O O O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
X
SA
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
439
H X
SeqH
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
SP
SP

Limnodriloides monothecus
Taxon: Oligochaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Clitellata
Subclass: Oligochaeta Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Haplotaxida Suborder: Tubificina Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Tubificidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Bohadschia monotheca Synonym
Limnodrilus monothecus Synonym
Type Locality: Baja California, Mexico
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Cook, 1974
Hawaii
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X X
AO X PO
Comments:
Species ID: 1076
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:36:13 PM
NEP
1970s
Baja California, Mexico
Yes
REC
SF
HR
440
O

Limnodriloides monothecus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
P
Shelf
O
MAN
X
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 600m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
O
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines
O
Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
O
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 21 - 35psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
X
SA
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
441
H X
SeqH
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF X
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Monopylephorus evertus
Taxon: Oligochaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Clitellata
Subclass: Oligochaeta Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Haplotaxida Suborder: Tubificina Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Tubificidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: East coast of U.S.
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Baker & Brinkhurst, 1981
Hawaii
Species ID: 1071
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:36:13 PM
NEP
1994
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: We consider Monopylephorus evertus native to the NWA. It was first reported from the San Francisco
Estuary, California in the mid-1990s. In San Francisco, it is abundant in areas adjacent to the hybrid Spartina foliosa x
alterniflora and in areas where Spartina has died back (Neira et al., 2007).
442

Monopylephorus evertus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
X X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
MAN
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 1m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
P Sub-Shallow
O
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
O
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: - 36.6psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O O
O O O O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
X
SA
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
443
H X
SeqH
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF X
DF-SUR DF-SUB X
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Myzobdella lugubris
Taxon: Leach
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Clitellata
Subclass: Hirudinea Infraclass: Euhirudinea Superorder:
Order: Rhynchobdellida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Piscicolidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Illinobdella elongata Synonym
Illinobdella moorei Synonym
Illinobdella richardsoni Synonym
Myzobdella moorei Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Leidy, 1851

Myzobdella lugubris Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
X
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 90m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
P
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
O
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 14psu] [Pref: 0 - psu]
Fresh P Brackish O
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline O Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O O O O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
445
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
Pelagic
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Benthic Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Paranais frici
Taxon: Oligochaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Clitellata
Subclass: Oligochaeta Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Haplotaxida Suborder: Tubificina Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Tubificidae Subfamily: Naidinae
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Wapsa mobilis Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Hrabe, 1941
Hawaii
Species ID: 1072
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:36:13 PM
NEP
1961
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP X REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
X
Comments: Our global classification of Paranais frici is based on the assumption that it is native to the Ponto-Caspian
(e.g., Olenin et al., 2008). However, it is possible that it constitutes a species complex and CANOD (2009) classifies it
as cryptogenic in California. It has also been reported from Africa and Japan.
446

Paranais frici Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
P
Sand
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 6m] [Pref: 0 - 4m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
P
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
P
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 30psu] [Pref: 0 - 10psu]
Fresh P Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline P Mesohaline P Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
P P P P O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
X
SA
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
447
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
H X G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
SeqH
IF
X
FEE FCS P
DF X
DF-SUR X DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Tubificoides brownae
Taxon: Oligochaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Clitellata
Subclass: Oligochaeta Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Haplotaxida Suborder: Tubificina Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Tubificidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Peloscolex gabriellae of 3rd Ed. Lights Manual Misidentified
Type Locality: Delaware, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Brinkhurst & Baker, 1979
Hawaii
Species ID: 1074
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:36:13 PM
NEP
1961
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X X
AO X PO
Comments: Tubificoides brownae is an Atlantic oligochaete that has been introduced into the NEP. It has also been
reported from Saudi Arabia (Cook et al., 2007b) though no specific locations are known.
448
O

Tubificoides brownae Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X X
TP RI-PH
X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
P
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 10m] [Pref: 0 - 10m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 77 - 92%] X
Sand Mix. Fines
O
Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 14 - 32psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
O O O
K
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic O
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O O
SynH
X
SA
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
449
H X
SeqH
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF X
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Tubificoides diazi
Taxon: Oligochaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Clitellata
Subclass: Oligochaeta Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Haplotaxida Suborder: Tubificina Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Tubificidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Brinkhurst & Baker, 1979
Hawaii
Species ID: 3336
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:36:13 PM
1970s
Unknown
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
AO X PO
Comments: The Atlantic oligochaete, Tubificoides diazi, was introduced into Oregon and Washington, USA in the
1970s.
NEP
450
O

Tubificoides diazi Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
TP RI-PH
X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 87m] [Pref: 0 - 87m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
P
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
X
SA
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
451
H X
SeqH
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF X
DF-SUR DF-SUB X
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Tubificoides wasselli
Taxon: Oligochaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Clitellata
Subclass: Oligochaeta Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Haplotaxida Suborder: Tubificina Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Tubificidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Brinkhurst & Baker, 1979
Hawaii
Species ID: 1075
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:36:13 PM
NEP
1961
San Fransico Estuary, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X X
AO X PO
Comments: The Atlantic oligochaete, Tubificoides wasselli, has been introduced into Victoria, British Columbia,
Canada and the San Francisco Estuary, California (Cook et al., 2007b).
452
O

Tubificoides wasselli Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
TP RI-PH
X
X X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
P
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
P
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 60m] [Pref: 0 - 43m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
P
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines
P
Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 5 - 30psu] [Pref: 5 - 30psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline P Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
O P P P P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
X
SA
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
453
H X
SeqH
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF X
DF-SUR DF-SUB X
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Annelida
Class: Polychaeta
454

455
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Alitta succinea
Taxon: Polychaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polychaeta
Subclass: Aciculata Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Phyllodocida Suborder: Nereidiformia Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Nereididae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Leuckart, 1847)
Neanthes succinea Synonym
Nereis (Neanthes) succinea Synonym
Nereis limbata Synonym
Nereis succinea Synonym
Type Locality: Helgoland, Germany
Hawaii
1941
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
clam worm
pile worm
rag worm
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
Comments:
X
AO X PO
Species ID: 1081
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:54:06 PM
NEP
1896
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
REC
SF
HR
456
O
X

Alitta succinea Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
TP RI-PH X X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
P
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 50m] [Pref: 0 - 20m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 13 - 100%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
P
P
O
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 5 - 67.5psu] [Pref: 5 - psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper O
Oligohaline O Mesohaline P Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P O
O P P P P
K
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
P O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
457
H
Supralittoral
H
X
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS
X
P
DD
DF X
DF-SUR X DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Amaeana sp. (Cohen et al., 2005)
Taxon: Polychaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polychaeta
Subclass: Canalipalpata Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Terebellida Suborder: Terebellida Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Terebellidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Amaeana sp. A (Harris) Convention
Amaeana sp. A Harris Convention
Type Locality: California, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Harris, 2004
Hawaii
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
Comments:
X
AO PO
Species ID: 11246
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:54:06 PM
NEP
2004
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Unknown
REC
SF
HR
458
O

Amaeana sp. (Cohen et al., 2005) Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
TP RI-PH
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
O
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 5m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
O Sub-Shallow
O
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: - 29.4psu]
Fresh Brackish P
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
459
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF X
DF-SUR X DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Amblyosyllis speciosa
Taxon: Polychaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polychaeta
Subclass: Aciculata Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Phyllodocida Suborder: Phyllodocida Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Syllidae Subfamily: Syllinae
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Amblyosyllis nigrolineata Synonym
Type Locality: Japan
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Izuka, 1912
Hawaii
Species ID: 3541
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:54:06 PM
NEP

Amblyosyllis speciosa Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
O
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 60m] [Pref: 0 - 2.5m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Consolidated
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 25 - 36psu] [Pref: - 35psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P O
SR
X
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
CR
X
X
O/M
X
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic O
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
461
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI X
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B X LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Amphiglena mediterranea
Taxon: Polychaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polychaeta
Subclass: Canalipalpata Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Sabellida Suborder: Sabellida Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Sabellidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Amphicora mediterranea Synonym
Amphicorina desiderata Synonym
Type Locality: Nice, France
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Leydig, 1851)
Hawaii

Amphiglena mediterranea Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
O
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
MAN
X
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 14m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
O Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 2.16 - 85.9%] X
Sand
O
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 27.3 - 36.29psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P O
K
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
463
H X
SeqH
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Axiothella quadrimaculata
Taxon: Polychaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polychaeta
Subclass: Scolecida Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Maldanidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: Western Australia
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record:

Axiothella quadrimaculata Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
O
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 50m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY [Obs: - 35psu]
Brackish Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
K
Mixed Sediments
O
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
465
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS
X
P
DD
RI
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
DF X
DF-SUR DF-SUB X
VP
SP
SP

Bispira sp. A (Cohen et al., 2002)
Taxon: Polychaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polychaeta
Subclass: Canalipalpata Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Sabellida Suborder: Sabellida Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Sabellidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: California, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Harris
Hawaii
Species ID: 3542
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:54:06 PM
NEP
2000
Southern California
Unknown
VECTORS
SH MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: This unidentified sabellid polychaete was discovered in 2000 in Long Beach Harbor and Channel Islands
Harbor, California (Cohen et al., 2002). It is apparently the only species of Bispira in southern California (see
SCAMIT, 2008a).
466

Bispira sp. A (Cohen et al., 2002) Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: - 5m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY [Obs: - 35psu]
Brackish Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
467
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS
X
P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Boccardiella hamata
Taxon: Polychaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polychaeta
Subclass: Canalipalpata Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Spionida Suborder: Spionida Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Spionidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Boccardia hamata Synonym
Boccardia uncata Synonym
Polydora hamata Synonym
Polydora uncata Synonym
Type Locality: Virginia & New Jersey, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:

Boccardiella hamata Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
TP RI-PH X X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
P
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 168m] [Pref: 0 - 6m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 6.22 - 98%] X
Sand
O
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0.5 - 35.06psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
O O O O O O
K
X
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
O
O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
469
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE
X
FCS P
DD
DF X
DF-SUR X DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Boccardiella ligerica
Taxon: Polychaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polychaeta
Subclass: Canalipalpata Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Spionida Suborder: Spionida Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Spionidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Boccardia ligerica Synonym
Boccardia redeki Synonym
Polydora ligerica Synonym
Polydora redeki Synonym
Type Locality: Loire, France
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Ferronnière, 1898)
Hawaii
Species ID: 104
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:54:06 PM
NEP
1935
Newport Bay, California
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: USGS-NAS classifies Boccardiella ligerica as NIS in the southeastern United States; however NEMESIS
classifies it as cryptogenic along the U.S. East Coast and Gulf of Mexico due to taxonomic difficulties. NEMESIS lists
the NEA as the native region; however Olenin and Didžiulis (2009) classify it as cryptogenic in Europe.
470

Boccardiella ligerica Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
TP RI-PH
X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
P
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 12.8m] [Pref: 0 - 10m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
O
Lakes
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 24 - 99.5%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
O
O
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 30psu] [Pref: 0.5 - 4.8psu]
Fresh O Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline P Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
P P O O O O
K
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
471
H
Supralittoral
H
O
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS
X
P
DD
DF X
DF-SUR X DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Branchiomma bairdi
Taxon: Polychaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polychaeta
Subclass: Canalipalpata Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Sabellida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Sabellidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Branchiomma nigromaculatum of authors, in part Partial synonym
Dasychone bairdi Synonym
Type Locality: Bermuda
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (McIntosh, 1885)
Hawaii
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
Comments:
X
AO PO
Species ID: 100643
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:54:06 PM
NEP
2008
Gulf of California, Mexico
Yes
REC
SF
HR
472
O

Branchiomma bairdi Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X X TP RI-PH
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
O
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0.1 - 30m] [Pref: - 1m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: - 37psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O P
P P P
SynH
X
SA
PP
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
H X G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
SeqH
IF FEE FCS
X
P
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
473
Supralittoral
DD
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
SP
SP

Branchiomma japonica
Taxon: Polychaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polychaeta
Subclass: Canalipalpata Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Sabellida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Sabellidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Branchiomma cingulata of Hartman, 1966; not (Grube, 1870Misidentified
Branchiomma nigromaculata of Bailey-Brock and Hartman, Misidentified
Sabella havaica of Hawaiian authors; not Kinberg, 1867 Misidentified
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Baird, 1865)
Hawaii
1946
Halape, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 123390
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:54:06 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: Carlton and Eldredge (2009) report that Branchiomma japonica is native to in Japan, though no specific
locations were given.
NEP
474
O

Branchiomma japonica Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
O Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR
X
CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P P P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
475
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS
X
P
DD
RI X
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Brevicirrosyllis weismanni
Taxon: Polychaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polychaeta
Subclass: Aciculata Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Phyllodocida Suborder: Phyllodocida Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Syllidae Subfamily: Eusyllinae
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Pionosyllis pierantoni Synonym
Pionosyllis pierantonii Misspelling
Pionosyllis weismanni Synonym
Pionosyllis weissmanni Misspelling
Type Locality: Madeira Islands, Portugal
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Langerhans, 1879)
Hawaii
2001
Mamala Bay, Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 101854
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:54:06 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Our classifications are based on the assumption that Brevicirrosyllis weismanni is native to the North
Atlantic/Mediterranean/Caribbean. However, B. weismanni is very variable and may constitute a species complex (San
Martin et al., 2009). Thus, more detailed analyses are needed to verify that this species is introduced into the Pacific.
476
NEP

Brevicirrosyllis weismanni Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
TP RI-PH X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
P
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 200m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY [Obs: 30.9 - 35.2psu]
Brackish Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
K
Mixed Sediments
O
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C
P
O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
477
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Caulleriella acicula
Taxon: Polychaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polychaeta
Subclass: Canalipalpata Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Terebellida Suborder: Terebellida Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Cirratulidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: South Africa
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Day, 1961
Hawaii

Caulleriella acicula Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
P
Sand
O
DEPTH [Obs: 12 - 13m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines
O
Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY [Obs: 33.18 - 35.27psu]
Brackish Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
479
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF X
DF-SUR X DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Chaetopterus variopedatus Cmplx
Taxon: Polychaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polychaeta
Subclass: Canalipalpata Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Spionida Suborder: Spionida Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Chaetopteridae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Chaetopterus sp. of Blake and Ruff, 2007 Synonym parchment tube worm
Chaetopterus sp. of Carlton and Eldredge, 2009 Ambiguous syn.
Chaetopterus variopedatus complex Convention
Chaetopterus variopedatus of NEP authors; not Culver, 1827Ambiguous syn.
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Cuvier, 1827
Hawaii
1960
Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 7388
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:54:06 PM
Unknown
Unknown
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: There are two undescribed Chaetopterus species in the NEP, neither of which is the Atlantic C.
variopedatus. The Hawaiian Chaetopterus sp. appears to be introduced due to its relatively recent appearance, though it
is not clear that this is one of the NEP species. The life history characteristics are for the Hawaiian species.
480
NEP

Chaetopterus variopedatus Cmplx Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
TP RI-PH
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 3 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 1.2 - 78.9%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
O
O
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O O P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
481
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS
X
P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Clymenella torquata
Taxon: Polychaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polychaeta
Subclass: Scolecida Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Maldanidae Subfamily:
Species ID: 7395
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
bamboo worm (Clymenella torquata)
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Leidy, 1855)
Hawaii
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
Comments:
AO X PO
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:54:06 PM
NEP
1973
Block Is., British Columbia
Yes
REC
SF
HR
482
O

Clymenella torquata Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
TP RI-PH
X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
O
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 62m] [Pref: - 22m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 5.8 - 5.8%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
P
P
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 15 - 35psu] [Pref: 25 - 35psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
O O P
K
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic O
Artificial Substrate
C O
O
M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
483
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS
X
P
DD
DF X
DF-SUR DF-SUB X
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Crucigera websteri
Taxon: Polychaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polychaeta
Subclass: Canalipalpata Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Sabellida Suborder: Sabellida Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Serpulidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: Gulf of Mexico
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Benedict, 1887
Hawaii
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
Comments:
X
AO PO
Species ID: 3330
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:54:06 PM
NEP
1910
San Pedro, California
Unknown
REC
SF
HR
484
O

Crucigera websteri Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
O
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 86m] [Pref: 2 - 86m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
P
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR
X
CR O/M
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY
Brackish Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B
O
Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
485
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI X
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Demonax sp. A (Cohen et al., 2002)
Taxon: Polychaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polychaeta
Subclass: Canalipalpata Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Sabellida Suborder: Sabellida Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Sabellidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author:
Hawaii
Species ID: 3543
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:54:06 PM
NEP
2000?
Southern California
Unknown
VECTORS
SH MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
AO PO
Comments: A new species of Demonax was discovered in estuaries in Southern California in 2000, which was
classified as introduced by Cohen et al., (2002).
486
O
X

Demonax sp. A (Cohen et al., 2002) Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 3 - 6.5m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY [Obs: 34 - 36.5psu]
Brackish Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
487
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Dipolydora commensalis
Taxon: Polychaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polychaeta
Subclass: Canalipalpata Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Spionida Suborder: Spionida Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Spionidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Polydora ciliata brevipalpa Synonym
Polydora commensalis Synonym
Type Locality: Beaufort, North Carolina, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 1934
Loc 1st record: north Japan Sea
Established: Unknown
Taxonomic Author: (Andrews, 1891)
Hawaii
Species ID: 8558
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:54:06 PM
NEP
about 1927
British Columbia, Canada
Yes
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
AO X PO
Comments: Dipolydora commensalis is an obligate borer into hermit crab shells. We tentatively classify the Northwest
Atlantic as the native region. Assuming the NWA origin, it has been introduced into the NEP and the NWP, presumably
with the transport of Atlantic oysters.
488

Dipolydora commensalis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
TP RI-PH
X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 30m] [Pref: 0.9 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
O Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 15 - 35.5psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
O O O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
489
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S
X
DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
H X G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
SeqH
IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC X
F
VP
SP
SP

Dipolydora normalis
Taxon: Polychaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polychaeta
Subclass: Canalipalpata Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Spionida Suborder: Spionida Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Spionidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Polydora normalis Synonym
Type Locality: Inhaca Island, Mozambique
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Day, 1957)
Hawaii

Dipolydora normalis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
TP RI-PH X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
O
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
O
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 0.65m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow
O
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 23.9 - 37.2psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O O
O O
K
Mixed Sediments
O
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
491
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF X
DF-SUR X DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Eumida sanguinea
Taxon: Polychaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polychaeta
Subclass: Aciculata Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Phyllodocida Suborder: Phyllodocida Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Phyllodocidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Eulalia flavescens Synonym
Eulalia granulosa Synonym
Eulalia pallida Synonym
Eulalia sanguinea Synonym
Type Locality: Denmark
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Örsted, 1843)
Hawaii
1966
Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 4604
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:54:06 PM
Unknown
Unknown
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
X X
AO X PO
Comments: Eumida sanguinea is classified as NIS in the NEP (Blake and Ruff, 2007) and Hawaii (Carlton and
Eldredge, 2009), assuming it is from the North Atlantic. However, the European “E. sanguinea” is a species complex
(Nygren and Pleijel, 2011) and it is not clear which lineage was introduced or its classification in other regions.
492
NEP

Eumida sanguinea Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X TP RI-PH X X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 2100m] [Pref: 0 - 50m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep O
P
P
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
O
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Pref % Fines: 10 - 40%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
O
O
P
P
O
Abyssal
O
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 23 - 39psu] [Pref: - 34psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P O
O P
K
X
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
P
P O P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
493
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Eusyllis japonica
Taxon: Polychaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polychaeta
Subclass: Aciculata Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Phyllodocida Suborder: Phyllodocida Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Syllidae Subfamily: Eusyllinae
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Eusyllis blomstrandi of Berkeley and Berkeley, 1945 in part Misidentified
Type Locality: Shirikishinai, Japan
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Imajima & Hartman, 1964
Hawaii
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
Comments:
AO PO
Species ID: 7447
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:54:06 PM
NEP

Eusyllis japonica Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: - 140m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel
P
Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
Mixed Sediments
O
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
495
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Exogone longicornis
Taxon: Polychaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polychaeta
Subclass: Aciculata Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Phyllodocida Suborder: Phyllodocida Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Syllidae Subfamily: Exogoninae
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Exogone (Exogone) longicornis Convention
Type Locality: Galapagos Islands, Ecuador
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Westheide, 1974
Hawaii
2001
Mamala Bay, Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 11809
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:54:06 PM
Unknown
Unknown
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: Exogone longicornis was described from the Galápagos, however San Martin (2005) suggests it may be a
species complex. Accordingly, we list it as unclassified except for Hawaii where Nelson et al. (2007) classify it as
introduced.
496
NEP

Exogone longicornis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
TP RI-PH X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
O
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 12m] [Pref: 0 - 12m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 23.9 - 36.5psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P O
O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
K
X
Mixed Sediments
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
P
497
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Ficopomatus enigmaticus
Taxon: Polychaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polychaeta
Subclass: Canalipalpata Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Sabellida Suborder: Sabellida Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Serpulidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 1966
Loc 1st record: Seto Inland Sea, Japan
Established: Yes
Taxonomic Author: (Fauvel, 1923)
Ficopomarus enigmaticus Misspelling
Ficopomatus uschakovi of authors Misidentified
Mercierella enigmatica Synonym
Type Locality: Canal de Caen, France
Australian tubeworm
Kaniyadori-kanzashi
serpulid tubeworm
Hawaii
1937
Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 1078
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:54:06 PM
NEP
1921
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: The region of origin for Ficopomatus enigmaticus is uncertain but we follow the Global Invasive Species
Database (GISD) and Carlton and Eldredge (2009) and list Australia as the native region. This serpulid polychaete can
form reefs and has been a major fouler in some areas.
498

Ficopomatus enigmaticus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 19.1m] [Pref: 0 - 3m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
X X
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 1.3 - 55psu] [Pref: 10 - 30psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine O Hyper O
Oligohaline O Mesohaline P Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O O
O O O P P P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O O P
O P O P
SynH
SA
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
499
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DD
RI X
RI-PH
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
H X G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
SeqH X IF FEE FCS P
X
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Ficopomatus miamiensis
Taxon: Polychaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polychaeta
Subclass: Canalipalpata Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Sabellida Suborder: Sabellida Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Serpulidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Mercierellopsis prietoi Synonym
Sphaeropomatus miamiensis Synonym
Type Locality: Miami River, Florida, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Treadwell, 1934)
Hawaii
Species ID: 101572
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:54:06 PM
NEP
1979
Gulf of California, Mexico
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: The Caribbean Ficopomatus miamiensis has invaded the Gulf of California and the Pacific end of the
Panama Canal (Tovar-Hernández et al. 2009a). Transport associated with shrimp aquacultural activities is the most
likely vector for the invasion in the Gulf of California.
500

Ficopomatus miamiensis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X TP RI-PH
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 3.8m] [Pref: 0 - 3.8m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 2 - 25psu]
Fresh Brackish P
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O O O O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
P
P O P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
501
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS
X
P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Geminosyllis ohma
Taxon: Polychaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polychaeta
Subclass: Aciculata Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Phyllodocida Suborder: Phyllodocida Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Syllidae Subfamily: Syllinae
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Trypanosyllis (Trypanedenta) ohma Synonym
Trypanosyllis ohma Synonym
Type Locality: Shirikishinai, Japan
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Imajima & Hartman, 1964)
Hawaii
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
Comments:
X
AO PO
Species ID: 337
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:54:06 PM
NEP
1978
Newport Bay, California
Yes
REC
SF
HR
502
O

Geminosyllis ohma Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
TP RI-PH X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 42m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 16.54 - 22.9%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
P
O
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 30.01 - 31.47psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B
O
Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
503
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Hesionura australiensis
Taxon: Polychaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polychaeta
Subclass: Aciculata Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Phyllodocida Suborder: Phyllodocida Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Phyllodocidae Subfamily: Eteoninae
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Hesionura australensis Misspelling
Type Locality: Spencer Gulf, Australia
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Hartmann-Schröder & Parker, 1990
Hawaii

Hesionura australiensis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
P
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 13.5 - 45m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY [Obs: - 36.5psu]
Brackish Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P O
K
Mixed Sediments
O
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
505
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Heteromastus filiformis Cmplx
Taxon: Polychaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polychaeta
Subclass: Scolecida Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Capitellidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ancistria capillaris Ambiguous syn.
Ancistria minima Ambiguous syn.
Areniella filiformis Ambiguous syn.
Capitella costana nomen nudum
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Unknown
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Claparède, 1864)
Hawaii
Species ID: 381
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:54:06 PM
NEP
1936
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
AO X PO
Comments: Heteromastus filiformis constitutes a species complex. However, we follow Cohen and Carlton (1995) and
classify it as NIS in the NEP based on the pattern of discovery in West Coast estuaries. We show the global distribution
of H. filiformis even though it likely represents several species.
506

Heteromastus filiformis Cmplx Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
TP RI-PH
X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
P
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 4680m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep O
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
O
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
O
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 1.8 - 100%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
O
P
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 8 - 34.03psu] [Pref: 16 - psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline P Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
O P P P
K
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic O
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
507
H
Supralittoral
H
X
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF X
DF-SUR DF-SUB X
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Hobsonia florida
Taxon: Polychaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polychaeta
Subclass: Canalipalpata Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Terebellida Suborder: Terebellida Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Ampharetidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Amphicteis floridus Synonym
Hypaniola florida Synonym
Hypaniola grayi Synonym
Type Locality: Florida, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Hartman, 1951)
Hawaii
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
AO X PO
Comments:
Species ID: 394
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:54:06 PM
NEP
1940
Puget Sound, WA
Yes
REC
SF
HR
508
O
X

Hobsonia florida Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X X
TP RI-PH
X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
O
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 22m] [Pref: 0 - 20m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 4.75 - 85%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
O
O
O
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0.2 - 32.2psu] [Pref: 10 - psu]
Fresh O Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline P Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
O O O P O O
K
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B
O
Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
509
H
Supralittoral
H
X
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS
X
P
DD
DF X
DF-SUR X DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B X LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Hyboscolex longiseta
Taxon: Polychaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polychaeta
Subclass: Scolecida Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Scalibregmatidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Lipobranchius capensis Synonym
Oncoscolex dicranochaetus Synonym
Oncoscolex homochaetus Synonym
Type Locality: Cape of Good Hope, South Africa
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Schmarda, 1861
Hawaii
2002
Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii
Unknown
VECTORS
SH MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
AO PO
Comments:
Species ID: 222825
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:54:06 PM
REC
NEP
SF
HR
510
O
X

Hyboscolex longiseta Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
TP RI-PH
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 834m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
O
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
O
Lakes
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: - 2.16%] X
Sand
O
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 27.4 - 34.5psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
511
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF X
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC X
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Hydroides brachyacanthus
Taxon: Polychaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polychaeta
Subclass: Canalipalpata Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Sabellida Suborder: Sabellida Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Serpulidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Eupomatus brachyacantha Synonym
Hydroides brachyacantha Convention
Hydroides branchyacantha Misspelling
Hydroides branchyacanthus Misspelling
Type Locality: Mazatlan, Mexico
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Rioja, 1941
1939
Hawaii
Yes
Hawaii
Species ID: 15702
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:54:06 PM
Native
Native
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: Hydroides brachyacanthus may be a species complex (Bastida-Zavala and ten Hove, 2002), and many of the
records outside of the Tropical Northeast Pacific may represent other species. However, it appears to be introduced into
Hawaii (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009) and the Levantine Sea in the Mediterranean (Çinar, 2006).
512
NEP

Hydroides brachyacanthus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
TP RI-PH X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 200m] [Pref: 1 - 5m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY [Obs: - 40psu]
Brackish Marine P Hyper O
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
K
Mixed Sediments
O
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B
P
Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
513
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS
X
P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Hydroides cruciger
Taxon: Polychaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polychaeta
Subclass: Canalipalpata Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Sabellida Suborder: Sabellida Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Serpulidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Hydroides californicus Synonym
Hydroides crucigera Synonym
Vermilia crucigera Synonym
Type Locality: Punta Arenas, Costa Rica
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Mörch, 1863
Hawaii
1936
Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 122828
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:54:06 PM
Native
Native
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: Hydroides cruciger is a serpulid polychaete native to Eastern Tropical Pacific that has been introduced into
Hawaii. However, Caribbean records of Hydroides cruciger belong to H. bispinosus and/or H. parvus (ten Hove and
Kupriyanova, 2009).
514
NEP

Hydroides cruciger Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
O
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 31m] [Pref: 0 - 31m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
O
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR
X
CR O/M
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY [Obs: - 35psu]
Brackish Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B
O
Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
515
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS
X
P
DD
RI X
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Hydroides dianthus
Taxon: Polychaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polychaeta
Subclass: Canalipalpata Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Sabellida Suborder: Sabellida Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Serpulidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Eupamotus dianthus Synonym limy tubeworm
Eupomatus dianthus Synonym
Hydroides uncinata Synonym
Serpula dianthus Synonym
Type Locality: New England, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 1997
Loc 1st record: Osaka Bay, Japan
Established: Yes
Taxonomic Author: (Verrill, 1873)
Hawaii
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
Comments:
X
AO PO
Species ID: 15703
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:54:06 PM
REC
NEP
SF
HR
516
O

Hydroides dianthus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
TP RI-PH X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 50m] [Pref: 0 - 22m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 1 - 35psu] [Pref: 20 - 29psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline O Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
O O O O P P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
O
P P P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
517
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS
X
P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Hydroides diramphus
Taxon: Polychaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polychaeta
Subclass: Canalipalpata Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Sabellida Suborder: Sabellida Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Serpulidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Eupomatus dirampha Synonym
Eupomatus lunifer Synonym
Hydroides benzoni Synonym
Hydroides cumingii Synonym
Type Locality: St. Thomas, West Indies
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Mörch, 1863
Hawaii
1900
Honolulu Harbor, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 3544
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:54:06 PM
NEP
1999
San Diego Bay, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X X
AO X PO
Comments: The global classification of Hydroides diramphus assumes that the Tropical Northwestern Atlantic is the
native region.
518
O

Hydroides diramphus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
O Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
X X
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY
Brackish Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
P P P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
519
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI X
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Hydroides elegans
Taxon: Polychaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polychaeta
Subclass: Canalipalpata Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Sabellida Suborder: Sabellida Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Serpulidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Eupomatus elegans Synonym Kasane-kannzashi
Eupomatus pectinata Synonym
Eupomatus trypanon Synonym
Hydroides abbreviatus Synonym
Type Locality: Sydney, Australia
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 1928
Loc 1st record: Wakayama Pref., Japan
Established: Yes
Taxonomic Author: (Haswell, 1883)
Hawaii
1929
Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 2224
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:54:06 PM
NEP
1931
Southern California
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: Our global classification of Hydroides elegans assumes it is native to Australia (Stafford and Willan, 2007).
However, NIMPIS classifies it as cryptogenic in Australia, Japan, China, and SE Asia, while Iwasaki (2006) classifies
it as a NIS in Japan. Further research is needed to determine its global distribution.
520

Hydroides elegans Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
TP RI-PH X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 3947m] [Pref: 0.5 - 20m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep O
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
O
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 2.5 - 94.45%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
O
Abyssal
O
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 14 - 42psu] [Pref: 20 - 36psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper O
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P P
O P P
K
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
P P O P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
521
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS
X
P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Hydroides ezoensis
Taxon: Polychaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polychaeta
Subclass: Canalipalpata Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Sabellida Suborder: Sabellida Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Serpulidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Hydroides diplochone Synonym
Type Locality: Japan
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: 1980s
Loc 1st record: Korea
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Okuda, 1934
Hawaii
Species ID: 15705
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:54:06 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: Hydroides ezoensis has been listed as native (Hayes et al., 2005, PICES Working Group 21, 2011),
cryptogenic (Nishi and Tanaka 2008 in Link et al. 2008) and NIS (Washitani 2004) in different locations in Asia. We
list the NWP as a conflict, but consider it a NIS in Europe (Streftaris et al. 2005) and Australia (Hayes et al. 2005).
522
NEP

Hydroides ezoensis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 10m] [Pref: 0 - 2m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
X X
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: - 34psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O O
O O P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
523
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS
X
P
DD
RI X
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Hydroides norvegicus
Taxon: Polychaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polychaeta
Subclass: Canalipalpata Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Sabellida Suborder: Sabellida Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Serpulidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Hydroides elegans of authors in part; not (Haswell 1883) Misidentified
Hydroides norvegica Convention
Sabella euplacana Synonym
Serpula (Eupomatus) pectinata Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Gunnerus, 1768
Hawaii
Species ID: 122265
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:54:06 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: Hydroides norvegicus is a northern European and Arctic species. However, its distribution is complicated
by the failure to separate it from H. elegans. We tentatively list H. norvegicus as introduced into the Pacific, but the
identity of this invader should be checked, as should the Mediterranean and Gulf of Mexico records.
524
NEP

Hydroides norvegicus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
O
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 103m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
O
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
X X
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 15 - psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
O O O
K
Mixed Sediments
O
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
525
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS
X
P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Janua pagenstecheri
Taxon: Polychaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polychaeta
Subclass: Canalipalpata Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Sabellida Suborder: Sabellida Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Serpulidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Dexiospira pagenstecheri Synonym
Janua (Dexiospira) pagenstecheri Convention
Mera pusilla Synonym
Spirorbis gnomonicus Synonym
Type Locality: France
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Quatrefages, 1865)
Hawaii
1960s
Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 8638
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:54:06 PM
NEP
Unknown
Gulf of California, Mexico
Unknown
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: The taxonomy and history of Janua pagenstecheri is confused. We follow Knight-Jones et al. (1975) and
consider J. pagenstecheri a Northeast Atlantic species. Accordingly, we tentatively classify it as NIS in the Pacific,
while Mead et al. (2011) classify it as introduced in South Africa and Pederson et al. (2005) as NIS in New England.
526

Janua pagenstecheri Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
TP RI-PH X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 120m] [Pref: 2 - 90m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
P
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 29 - psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
O
O
SynH
SA
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
527
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
H X G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
SeqH
IF FEE FCS
X
P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Kuwaita heteropoda
Taxon: Polychaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polychaeta
Subclass: Aciculata Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Eunicida Suborder: Eunicida Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Lumbrineridae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Lumbriconereis heteropoda Synonym
Lumbrineris heteropoda Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Marenzeller, 1879)
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Hawaii
Species ID: 3331
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:54:06 PM
1979
Alaska
Unknown
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
X
AO PO
Comments: Carrera-Parra and Orensanz (2002) transferred Lumbrinereis heteropoda to Kuwaita heteropoda, though
they noted that some of the previous records of L. heteropoda may be a different species. L. heteropoda was considered
as a likely invader in Prince William Sound, Alaska (Hines et al., 2000b).
528
NEP

Kuwaita heteropoda Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
TP RI-PH X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
P
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
O
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 64 - 468m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
O
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
O
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
O
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 30 - 32psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
P
P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
529
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Laonome sp. SF1 Norris (CANOD, 2009)
Taxon: Polychaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polychaeta
Subclass: Canalipalpata Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Sabellida Suborder: Sabellida Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Sabellidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Laonome sp. Fitzhugh of Blake and Ruff, 2007 Synonym
Laonome sp. SF1 Norris Synonym
Potamilla sp. of Cohen and Carlton (1995) Synonym
Type Locality: California, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Norris
Hawaii
Species ID: 101243
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:54:06 PM
NEP
1989
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: This undescribed sabellid polychaete is considered introduced in the San Francisco Estuary, where it was
first found in 1989 (CANOD, 2009).
530

Laonome sp. SF1 Norris (CANOD, 2009) Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal O
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
O
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - psu]
Fresh O Brackish O
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline O Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
531
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS
X
P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Linopherus microcephala
Taxon: Polychaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polychaeta
Subclass: Aciculata Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Amphinomida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Amphinomidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Pseudeurythoe microcephala Synonym
Type Locality: Maldives, Indian Ocean
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Fauvel, 1932)
Hawaii

Linopherus microcephala Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
O
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0.5 - 1025m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
O
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
O
P
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
O
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY
Brackish Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
533
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Magelona capensis
Taxon: Polychaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polychaeta
Subclass: Canalipalpata Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Spionida Suborder: Spioniformia Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Magelonidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: Agulhas Bank, South Africa.
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Day, 1961
Hawaii

Magelona capensis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
O
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
O
Sand
O
DEPTH [Obs: 1.7 - 508m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
O
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
O
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY [Obs: 34.6 - 35.8psu]
Brackish Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
535
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS
X
P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF X
DF-SUR X DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Manayunkia aestuarina
Taxon: Polychaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polychaeta
Subclass: Canalipalpata Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Sabellida Suborder: Sabellida Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Sabellidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Haplobranchus aestuarinus Synonym
Haplobranchus aestuerina Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Bourne, 1883)
Hawaii
Species ID: 481
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:54:06 PM
NEP
1980-1981
Baker Bay, Columbia River
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Kocheshkova and Matviy (2009) consider Manayunkia aestuarina to be alien in the Baltic. However, it is
not listed in the "Baltic Sea Alien Species Database" or by Streftaris et al. (2005) in their list of alien species in the
Baltic and Europe.
536

Manayunkia aestuarina Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X X
X X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
MAN
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 30m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 0.65 - 95.21%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
O
O
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 5 - 50psu] [Pref: 6 - 15psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine O Hyper O
Oligohaline O Mesohaline P Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O O
O P P O O
K
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
537
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF X
DF-SUR X DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Marenzelleria viridis
Taxon: Polychaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polychaeta
Subclass: Canalipalpata Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Spionida Suborder: Spionida Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Spionidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Marenzelleria jonesi Synonym
Scolecolepides viridis Synonym
Scolecolepis tenuis Synonym
Scolelepides viridis Synonym
Type Locality: Delaware, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Verrill, 1873)
Hawaii
Species ID: 1079
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:54:06 PM
NEP
1991
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: The "Marenzelleria viridis" reported from the NEP may be M. neglecta (see Sikorski and Bick, 2004),
however both are from the Atlantic and thus NIS in the Pacific. We will follow Sikorski and Bick (2004) and use M.
viridis for the NEP species until further data become available.
538

Marenzelleria viridis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 50m] [Pref: 0 - 13m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Lakes
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 1.5 - 98.66%] X
Sand
P
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 32.9psu] [Pref: 2.5 - psu]
Fresh O Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline P Mesohaline P Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
O P P P P O
K
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
539
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS
X
P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF X
DF-SUR X DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Marphysa conferta
Taxon: Polychaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polychaeta
Subclass: Aciculata Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Eunicida Suborder: Eunicida Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Eunicidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Marphysa cf. conferta Ambiguous syn.
Type Locality: Santa Rosa Island, California, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Moore, 1911
Hawaii
2002
Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii
Unknown
Species ID: 7299
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:54:06 PM
Native
Native
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Marphysa conferta was originally described off of California in rocky habitats. The species reported from
the Gulf of Mexico, reported as “Marphysa cf. conferta” in Fauchald et al. (2009), may be a different species than
found in the Pacific. Thus, we classify it as cryptogenic in the NWA rather than introduced at this time.
540
NEP

Marphysa conferta Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
TP RI-PH X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 200m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: - 44.36%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
O
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY [Obs: 31.4 - 35.2psu]
Brackish Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
K
X
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
541
H
Supralittoral
H
X
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP

Microspio granulata
Taxon: Polychaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polychaeta
Subclass: Canalipalpata Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Spionida Suborder: Spionida Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Spionidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: Botany Bay, Australia
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Blake & Kudenov, 1978
Hawaii

Microspio granulata Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
X
TP RI-PH X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
P
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 9.2 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY [Obs: - 35psu]
Brackish Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
543
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF X
DF-SUR X DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Myrianida pachycera
Taxon: Polychaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polychaeta
Subclass: Aciculata Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Phyllodocida Suborder: Phyllodocida Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Syllidae Subfamily: Autolytinae
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Autolytus pachycerus Synonym
Myrianida crassicirrata Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Augener, 1913)
Hawaii
1959
Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
Comments:
X
AO PO
Species ID: 3545
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:54:06 PM
NEP
2000?
Southern California bays
Yes
REC
SF
HR
544
O

Myrianida pachycera Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
TP RI-PH X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
P
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
O
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 1.5 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 96.3 - 96.3%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
O
Mixed Sediments
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 34.87 - 36.5psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P O
K
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B
O
Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
545
H
Supralittoral
H
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
X IF FEE FCS
X
P
X
DD
X
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic X Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
X
F
X
SP
SP

Neanthes arenaceodentata
Taxon: Polychaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polychaeta
Subclass: Aciculata Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Phyllodocida Suborder: Nereidiformia Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Nereididae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Nereis (Neanthes) arenaceodentata Synonym
Nereis areanacoedentata Misspelling
Nereis arenaceodentata Synonym
Neanthes acuminata complex Ambiguous syn.
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Moore, 1903)
Hawaii
1950s
Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 220609
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:54:06 PM
NEP
1981
Gulf of California, Mexico
Unknown
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: According to CANOD (2009), Neanthes arenaceodentata is part of the “problematic” Neanthes acuminata
complex. The N. acuminata form reported from California is different than the Atlantic species, and is classified as
cryptogenic in the NEP (CANOD, 2009). Even with this taxonomic uncertainty, the Hawaiian form is considered
introduced (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009).
546

Neanthes arenaceodentata Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
TP RI-PH
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
O
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
P
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 11.6m] [Pref: 0.01 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
O Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 20 - 36psu] [Pref: 30 - psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P O
O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B
O
Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
547
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET
X
DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
X
DF X
DF-SUR DF-SUB X
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Neoamphitrite sp. A (Cohen et al., 2005)
Taxon: Polychaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polychaeta
Subclass: Canalipalpata Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Terebellida Suborder: Terebellida Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Terebellidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Neoamphitrite sp. A (provisional) Synonym
Neoamphitrite sp. A of Harris Synonym
Type Locality: California, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Harris
Hawaii
VECTORS
SH MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
AO PO
Comments:
Species ID: 100592
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:54:06 PM
NEP
2004
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Unknown
REC
SF
HR
548
O
X

Neoamphitrite sp. A (Cohen et al., 2005) Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
DEPTH [Obs: 5.5 - 12m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 51.06 - 88.41%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 24.5 - 31.17psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
O O
K
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
549
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF X
DF-SUR X DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Neodexiospira brasiliensis
Taxon: Polychaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polychaeta
Subclass: Canalipalpata Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Sabellida Suborder: Sabellida Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Serpulidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Dexiospira brasiliensis Synonym
Dexiospira oshoroensis Synonym
Janua (Dexiospira) brasiliensis Synonym
Janua brasiliensis Synonym
Type Locality: Florianópolis, Brazil
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Grube, 1872)
Hawaii
Species ID: 3332
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:54:06 PM
NEP
1974
Marina Del Rey, California
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Though described from Brazil, Knight-Jones and Knight-Jones (1975) consider the Western Pacific or Indo-
West Pacific as the possible native regions for Neodexiospira brasiliensis, and the PICES Working Group 21 (2011)
listed it as native in the Sea of Japan. We consider introduced in the Atlantic and NEP and native in the NWP.
550

Neodexiospira brasiliensis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
TP RI-PH X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
O Sub-Shallow
O
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
O O
SynH
X
SA
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
551
H X
SeqH
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Nicolea sp. A (Cohen et al., 2002)
Taxon: Polychaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polychaeta
Subclass: Canalipalpata Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Terebellida Suborder: Terebellida Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Terebellidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Nicolea sp. A (SCAMIT) Convention
Nicolea sp. A Harris Convention
Type Locality: California, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Harris, 1985
Hawaii
Species ID: 3546
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:54:06 PM
NEP
2000
San Diego Bay, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: An unidentified terebellid polychaete was discovered in Southern California estuaries in 2000 and more
recently in the San Francisco Estuary. It is considered introduced in California (CANOD, 2009).
552
O

Nicolea sp. A (Cohen et al., 2002) Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
TP RI-PH
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
O
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 4 - 14m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 69.03 - 69.03%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: - 35.5psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
K
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B
O
Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
553
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF X
DF-SUR X DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Nicolea zostericola
Taxon: Polychaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polychaeta
Subclass: Canalipalpata Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Terebellida Suborder: Terebellida Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Terebellidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Nicolea simplex Synonym
Terebella longicornis Synonym
Terebella textrix Synonym
Terebella zostericola Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Örsted, 1844
Hawaii
Species ID: 7533
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:54:06 PM
NEP
Unknown
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Unknown
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: Blake and Ruff (2007) consider Nicolea zostericola as “possibly introduced from the east coast”
(cryptogenic) in the San Francisco Estuary, while CANOD (2009) classifies it as introduced. However, given its trans-
Arctic distribution and occurrence in British Columbia and Puget Sound, it is possible that it is native to San Francisco.
554

Nicolea zostericola Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
X
TP RI-PH X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
O
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 510m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
O
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
O
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 1.73 - 80.25%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
O
O
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 27 - 34psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
X
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
O
O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
555
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
X
DF X
DF-SUR X DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
X X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Ophryotrocha adherens
Taxon: Polychaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polychaeta
Subclass: Aciculata Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Eunicida Suborder: Eunicida Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Dorvilleidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Paavo, Bailey-Brock, & Akesson, 2000
Hawaii
1973
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
Comments:
X
AO PO
Species ID: 11815
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:54:06 PM
REC
NEP
SF
HR
556
O

Ophryotrocha adherens Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
TP RI-PH
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
O
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 20 - 100m] [Pref: - 70m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY
Brackish Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B
O
Oth
SynH
SA
X
SeqH
X
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
557
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Ophryotrocha labronica pacifica
Taxon: Polychaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polychaeta
Subclass: Aciculata Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Eunicida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Dorvilleidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ophryotrocha labronica of authors, in part Partial synonym
Type Locality: Cultured from specimens collected in Sagami
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Paxton & Åkesson, 2007
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Hawaii
Species ID: 101842
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:54:06 PM
NEP
ca. 1975
Los Angeles Harbor, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Based on crossing experiments, Paxton and Åkesson (2010) erected Ophryotrocha labronica pacifica for the
species in Japan, Hawaii, and California and Ophryotrocha labronica labronica for the species in the Mediterranean,
eastern North Atlantic, and Australia. We assume that Japan is the native region for O. labronica pacifica.
558

Ophryotrocha labronica pacifica Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
559
H
Supralittoral
H
X
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
Pelagic
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Benthic Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP

Perinereis aibuhitensis
Taxon: Polychaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polychaeta
Subclass: Aciculata Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Phyllodocida Suborder: Nereidiformia Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Nereididae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Sea of Japan
Established: Yes
Taxonomic Author: Grube, 1878
Nereis (Neanthes) linea Synonym
Nereis (Neanthes) orientalis Synonym
Nereis (Perineresis) aibuhitensis Synonym
Nereis aibuhitensis Synonym
Type Locality: Philippines
Hawaii
Asian marine clamworm
blue ragworm
Species ID: 2011614
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:54:06 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P X
AO PO
Comments: Perinereis aibuhitensis (= Nereis aibuhitensis) is native to the Yellow Sea through to the Western Indian
Ocean. It is used as bait and is cultured in Asia. Mito and Uesugi (2004) list it as introduced in Japan. It has also been
exported from Korea to Portugal, Spain, and France though it is not known if it has established wild populations.
560
NEP

Perinereis aibuhitensis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF
X
UV-SUB X X TP RI-PH X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
P
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 1.6m] [Pref: 0 - 0.5m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow
O
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines
O
Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 15 - 35psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
O O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
O
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
561
H
Supralittoral
O
H
X
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS
X
P
DD
DF X
DF-SUR X DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X X
F
VP
SP
SP

Perkinsyllis spinisetosa
Taxon: Polychaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polychaeta
Subclass: Aciculata Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Phyllodocida Suborder: Phyllodocida Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Syllidae Subfamily: Eusyllinae
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Pionosyllis spinisetosa Synonym
Type Locality: Gulf of Mexico, off Florida, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (San Martin, 1990)
Hawaii

Perkinsyllis spinisetosa Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X X TP RI-PH
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
O
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
P
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 37m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
563
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Pileolaria militaris
Taxon: Polychaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polychaeta
Subclass: Canalipalpata Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Sabellida Suborder: Sabellida Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Serpulidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Pileolaria (Pileolaria) militaris Convention
Type Locality: France
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Claparède, 1870
Hawaii
1960s
Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 170071
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:54:06 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: The native region of Pileolaria militaris is unknown. Carlton and Eldredge (2009) suggest it might be the
North Atlantic but Olenin and Didžiulis (2009) classify it as cryptogenic in Europe. Therefore, we list it as unclassified
except for Hawaii.
564
NEP

Pileolaria militaris Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 30m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
P Sub-Shallow
O
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
X X
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
P
O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
565
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI X
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Plakosyllis brevipes
Taxon: Polychaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polychaeta
Subclass: Aciculata Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Phyllodocida Suborder: Phyllodocida Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Syllidae Subfamily: Exogoninae
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Eurysyllis brevipes Synonym
Plakosyllis quadrioculata Synonym
Type Locality: Gulf of Naples, Italy
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Hartmann-Schröder, 1956
Hawaii
2001
Mamala Bay, Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 101855
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:54:06 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
X
AO PO
Comments: Nelson et al. (2007) classified Plakosyllis brevipes introduced in Hawaii. We consider it native to the North
Atlantic and Mediterranean, unclassified in the NEA and Caribbean, and introduced in the Pacific and Indian Ocean.
NEP
566

Plakosyllis brevipes Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
O
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
DEPTH [Obs: 1 - 168m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: - 2.16%] X
Sand
P
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY [Obs: - 34psu]
Brackish Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
K
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
567
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Polydora cornuta
Taxon: Polychaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polychaeta
Subclass: Canalipalpata Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Spionida Suborder: Spionida Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Spionidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Polydora amarincola Synonym mud worm
Polydora ciliatum Synonym
Polydora ligni Synonym
Polydora littorea Synonym
Type Locality: Charleston Harbor, South Carolina, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 1994
Loc 1st record: Peter the Great Bay, Russia
Established: Yes
Taxonomic Author: Bosc, 1802
Hawaii
Species ID: 691
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:54:06 PM
NEP
1933
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X X
AO X PO
Comments: Based on the assumption that Polydora cornuta is native to the NWA, it is tentatively classified as NIS in
the NEP, NWP, Australia, New Zealand, Mediterranean, and South America. However, further analysis is needed
because of the presence of cryptic species (Rice et al., 2008).
568

Polydora cornuta Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X X
TP RI-PH
X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
P
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 37m] [Pref: 0 - 16m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 1.56 - 98%] X
Sand
P
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 5 - 34.9psu] [Pref: 28 - 32psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline P Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
O O P P
K
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P O
O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
569
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS
X
P
DD
DF X
DF-SUR X DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Polydora limicola
Taxon: Polychaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polychaeta
Subclass: Canalipalpata Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Spionida Suborder: Spionida Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Spionidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Polydora ciliata limicola Synonym
Type Locality: Commander Islands, Russia
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: before 1981
Loc 1st record: Peter the Great Bay, Russia
Established: Yes
Taxonomic Author: Annenkova, 1934
Hawaii
Species ID: 692
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:54:06 PM
NEP
1950s
Los Angeles Harbor, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: Polydora limicola was described from the western Bering Sea, and is presumably native to this cold
temperate region. However, it is a fairly recent invader into Peter the Great Bay and has been found on the hulls of
ships in the Barents Sea. It was first found in California in the 1950s and invaded the Black Sea in the 1960s.
570

Polydora limicola Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
TP RI-PH X X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
O
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 90m] [Pref: 0 - 30m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 1.33 - 98%] X
Sand
O
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 6 - 32psu] [Pref: 6 - 17.5psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline P Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
P P O O
K
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O P
P
P P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
571
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF X
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Polydora nuchalis
Taxon: Polychaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polychaeta
Subclass: Canalipalpata Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Spionida Suborder: Spionida Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Spionidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: Southern California, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Woodwick, 1953
Hawaii
1988
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 693
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:54:06 PM
Native
Native
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
Comments:
AO PO
REC
NEP
SF
HR
572
O

Polydora nuchalis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
X X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
MAN
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 15.5m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow
O
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Lakes
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 1.56 - 98%] X
Sand
P
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 28 - 35.04psu] [Pref: - 34psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
P
P
K
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
573
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF X
DF-SUR X DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B X LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Polydora websteri
Taxon: Polychaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polychaeta
Subclass: Canalipalpata Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Spionida Suborder: Spionida Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Spionidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Polydora ciliata of authors in part; not (Johnston, 1838) Misidentified
Type Locality: Long Island Sound, Connecticut, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Hartman in Loosanoff & Engle, 1943
Hawaii
1940s
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 694
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:54:06 PM
Unknown
Unknown
Yes
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
AO X PO
Comments: We consider Polydora websteri native to the NEA, but note that some of the East Coast records may be a
different species, P. neocaeca (Williams and Radashevksy 1999).
NEP
574

Polydora websteri Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
TP RI-PH X X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
O
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 40m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 22.9 - 92.49%] X
Sand
O
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 4 - 35psu] [Pref: 30 - psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
O O O O O
K
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
575
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF X
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC X
X
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Procerastea nematodes
Taxon: Polychaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polychaeta
Subclass: Aciculata Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Phyllodocida Suborder: Phyllodocida Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Syllidae Subfamily: Autolytinae
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Proceraea nematodes Synonym
Procerastea perieri Synonym
Procerastea perrieri Synonym
Type Locality: Madeira, Portugal
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Langerhans, 1884
Hawaii
Species ID: 15039
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:54:06 PM
NEP
Unknown
Santa Catalina Island, CA
Unknown
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: The Atlantic and Mediterranean polychaete, Procerastea nematodes, was found on a floating dock in the
Santa Catalina Islands, California (Blake and Ruff, 2007).
576
O
X

Procerastea nematodes Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
O
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 1 - 50m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR
X
CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY
Brackish Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
577
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Protodorvillea biarticulata
Taxon: Polychaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polychaeta
Subclass: Aciculata Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Eunicida Suborder: Eunicida Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Dorvilleidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: Agulhas Bank, South Africa
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Day, 1963
Hawaii
2001
Mamala Bay, Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 101856
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:54:06 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Protodorvillea biarticulata was described from South Africa from a single specimen (Day, 1967a). We
classify it as native in South Africa and southern Australia and introduced in Hawaii and the Atlantic. There are
“questionable” reports of it in the Mediterranean (Zenetos et al., 2010), where we classify as cryptogenic.
578
NEP

Protodorvillea biarticulata Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
TP RI-PH X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
O
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
P
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0.5 - 14.8m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 24 - 36psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P O
O O
K
Mixed Sediments
O
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
579
H
Supralittoral
H
X
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Protodorvillea egena
Taxon: Polychaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polychaeta
Subclass: Aciculata Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Eunicida Suborder: Eunicida Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Dorvilleidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Dorvillea egena Synonym
Dorvillea gracilloides Synonym
Dorvillea mandapamae Synonym
Protodorvillea mandapamae Synonym
Type Locality: False Bay, South Africa
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Taxonomic Author: (Ehlers, 1913)
NWP
Hawaii
Date 1st record:

Protodorvillea egena Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
TP RI-PH X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
O
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 150m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: - 5%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
O
O
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY [Obs: 35.04 - 35.25psu]
Brackish Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
K
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
581
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Protodriloides chaetifer
Taxon: Polychaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polychaeta
Subclass: Polychaeta incertae sedis Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Protodriloididae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Protodrilus chaetifer Misspelling
Type Locality: Baltic Sea
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Remane, 1926)
Hawaii
Species ID: 8657
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:54:06 PM
NEP

Protodriloides chaetifer Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
P
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 34m] [Pref: 0 - 0.5m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel
O
Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: - 29.8psu]
Fresh Brackish O
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
583
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DF X
DF-SUR X DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE
X
FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
SP
SP

Pseudopolydora antennata
Taxon: Polychaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polychaeta
Subclass: Canalipalpata Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Spionida Suborder: Spionida Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Spionidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Polydora (Carazzia) antennata Synonym
Polydora (Pseudopolydora) antennata Synonym
Polydora antennata Synonym
Type Locality: Gulf of Naples, Italy
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: 1937
Loc 1st record: Japan
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Claparède, 1869)
Hawaii
1975
Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 222811
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:54:06 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: Silva and Barros (2011) consider Pseudopolydora antennata a European species introduced into Brazil.
Assuming a European origin, we consider it introduced in Hawaii (as do Nelson et al., 2007), the rest of the Pacific, and
South Africa. We list it as unclassified in the Caribbean.
584
NEP

Pseudopolydora antennata Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
TP RI-PH
X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
P
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
O
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 80m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY [Obs: 34.1 - 35.2psu]
Brackish Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
585
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF X
DF-SUR X DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Pseudopolydora bassarginensis
Taxon: Polychaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polychaeta
Subclass: Canalipalpata Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Spionida Suborder: Spionida Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Spionidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: Peter the Great Bay, Russia
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Zachs, 1933)
Hawaii
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
Comments:
X
AO PO X
Species ID: 3230
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:54:06 PM
NEP
2000
Willapa Bay, Washington
Unknown
REC
SF
HR
586
O

Pseudopolydora bassarginensis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
TP RI-PH
X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
O
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 5m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
O Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: - 19psu]
Fresh Brackish P
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta
P
Alpha
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
587
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF X
DF-SUR X DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Pseudopotamilla occelata
Taxon: Polychaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polychaeta
Subclass: Canalipalpata Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Sabellida Suborder: Sabellida Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Sabellidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Laonome oculifera Synonym
Potamilla occelata Synonym
Pseudopotamilla brevibranchia Misspelling
Pseudopotamilla lampra Synonym
Type Locality: Afognak Island, Alaska, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record:

Pseudopotamilla occelata Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
TP RI-PH X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 268m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
P
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
O
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
O
Lakes
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 1.73 - 68.5%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
O
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY [Obs: 30.01 - 31.3psu]
Brackish Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
K
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B
O
Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
589
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Pseudovermilia occidentalis
Taxon: Polychaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polychaeta
Subclass: Canalipalpata Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Sabellida Suborder: Sabellida Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Serpulidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Pomatostegus galeatus Synonym
Pseudovermilia cornuta Synonym
Pseudovermilia pileum Synonym
Spirobranchus occidentalis Synonym
Type Locality: Bermuda
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (McIntosh, 1885)
Hawaii
1937
Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 222843
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:54:06 PM
NEP

Pseudovermilia occidentalis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
TP RI-PH X X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 795m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
O
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
O
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
O
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY [Obs: 34.1 - 35.2psu]
Brackish Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
K
Mixed Sediments
O
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
591
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Sabaco elongatus
Taxon: Polychaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polychaeta
Subclass: Scolecida Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Maldanidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Branchioasychis americana Synonym bamboo worm (Sabaco elongatus)
Branchioasychis elongatus Synonym
Maldane elongata Synonym
Maldanopsis elongatus Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Verrill, 1873)
Hawaii
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
Comments:
AO X PO
Species ID: 738
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:54:06 PM
NEP
1960
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
REC
SF
HR
592
O

Sabaco elongatus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
TP RI-PH
X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
P
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 22m] [Pref: 0 - 4m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 9.8 - 95.07%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
O
P
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 22 - 36psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P O
O P
K
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic O
Artificial Substrate
C O
O
M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
593
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF X
DF-SUR DF-SUB X
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Sabellastarte spectabilis
Taxon: Polychaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polychaeta
Subclass: Canalipalpata Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Sabellida Suborder: Sabellida Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Sabellidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Sabella indica Savigny, 1822 Synonym Featherduster worm
Sabella spectabilis Synonym
Sabellastarte indica (Savigny, 1822) Synonym
Sabellastarte sanctijosephi of Hawaiian authors, not Gravier, Misidentified
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Grube, 1878)
Hawaii
1946
Halape, Hawaii
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
Comments:
X
AO PO
Species ID: 122833
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:54:06 PM
REC
NEP
SF
HR
594
O

Sabellastarte spectabilis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 30m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
O Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
X
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
X X
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY
Brackish Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
P O P
SynH
SA
PP
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
H X G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
SeqH
IF FEE FCS P
X
X
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
595
Supralittoral
DD
RI X
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
SP
SP

Salmacina tribranchiata
Taxon: Polychaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polychaeta
Subclass: Canalipalpata Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Sabellida Suborder: Sabellida Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Serpulidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Moore, 1923)
Filograna tribranchiata Synonym
Salmacina dysteri tribranchiata Synonym
Salmancia dysteri of Hawaiian authors in part; not Huxley, 1Misidentified
Type Locality:
Hawaii
1935
Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii
Yes
sea frost
tangled white tube worm
Species ID: 8632
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:54:06 PM
Native
Native
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: Carlton and Eldredge (2009) consider the harbor populations of Salmacina in Hawaii to be S. tribranchiata,
a NEP species, and not S. dysteri, a European species. We tentatively assign reports of S. dysteri in Guam and
American Samoa to S. tribranchiata, though note that these would represent introduced populations in either case.
596
NEP

Salmacina tribranchiata Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
O
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 600m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
O
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
X X
Bathyal
O
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: - 34psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
O
O O
SynH
SA
PP
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
H X G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
SeqH
IF FEE FCS
X
P
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
597
Supralittoral
DD
RI X
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
X X
F
X
SP
SP

Salvatoria mediodentata
Taxon: Polychaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polychaeta
Subclass: Aciculata Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Phyllodocida Suborder: Phyllodocida Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Syllidae Subfamily: Exogoninae
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Brania mediodentata Synonym
Grubeosyllis mediodentata Synonym
Type Locality: Galapagos, Ecuador
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Westheide, 1974)
Hawaii
2001
Mamala Bay, Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 11810
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:54:06 PM
NEP
1995
Bahia San Quintin, Mexico
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: Aguado and San Martin (2006) synonomize Brania mediodentata and Grubeosyllis mediodentata with
Salvatoria mediodentata. Based on the taxonomic uncertainties, we classify it as cryptogenic in the NEP, but as NIS in
Hawaii given its recent record (Nelson et al., 2007).
598

Salvatoria mediodentata Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
X TP RI-PH X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0.25 - 20m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 1.9 - 70%] X
Sand
O
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 35 - 36psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P O
K
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B
O
Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
599
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Scolelepis victoriensis
Taxon: Polychaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polychaeta
Subclass: Canalipalpata Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Spionida Suborder: Spionida Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Spionidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: Westernport, Victoria, Australia
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Blake & Kudenov, 1978
Hawaii

Scolelepis victoriensis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
DEPTH [Obs: 0.5 - 4.2m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 1.98 - 2.18%] X
Sand
P
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY [Obs: 35.5 - 36.6psu]
Brackish Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P O
K
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
601
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF X
DF-SUR X DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Scyphoproctus djiboutiensis
Taxon: Polychaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polychaeta
Subclass: Scolecida Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Capitellidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Scyphoproctus diiboutiensis Misspelling
Type Locality: Gulf of Aden
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Gravier, 1906
Hawaii

Scyphoproctus djiboutiensis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 15m] [Pref: 0 - 15m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Lakes
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 1.98 - 2.18%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
P
O
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 23.9 - 36.5psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P O
O O
K
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
603
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF X
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Serpula watsoni
Taxon: Polychaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polychaeta
Subclass: Canalipalpata Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Sabellida Suborder: Sabellida Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Serpulidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Serpula vermicularis of Hawaiian authors Misidentified
Type Locality: Sri Lanka
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Wiley, 1905
Hawaii
1936
Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
Comments:
X
AO PO
Species ID: 170067
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:54:06 PM
REC
NEP
SF
HR
604
O

Serpula watsoni Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 30m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
P Sub-Shallow
O
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR
X
CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY
Brackish Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B
P
Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
605
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS
X
P
DD
RI X
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Sphaerosyllis riseri
Taxon: Polychaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polychaeta
Subclass: Aciculata Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Phyllodocida Suborder: Phyllodocida Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Syllidae Subfamily: Exogoninae
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: Florida, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Perkins, 1981
Hawaii

Sphaerosyllis riseri Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X X TP RI-PH X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 14.8m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
O Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: - 1.98%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
P
O
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 24 - 36.5psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O O
O O
K
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic O
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
607
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Spio blakei
Taxon: Polychaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polychaeta
Subclass: Canalipalpata Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Spionida Suborder: Spionida Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Spionidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Spio ca. pacifica of Brusca and Hendrickx, 2008 Ambiguous syn.
Spio pacifica of Blake and Kudenov, 1978 Synonym
Type Locality: Botany Bay, New South Wales , Australia
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Maciolek, 1990
Hawaii

Spio blakei Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
O
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 74m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 0.66 - 44.36%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
P
O
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 27.4 - 36.6psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P O
K
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
609
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF X
DF-SUR X DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Spirobranchus kraussii
Taxon: Polychaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polychaeta
Subclass: Canalipalpata Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Sabellida Suborder: Sabellida Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Serpulidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Placostegus cariniferus var. kraussii Synonym
Pomatoceros (Pomatoleios) caerulescens Synonym
Pomatoleios caerulescens Synonym
Pomatoleios crossland Misspelling
Type Locality: Cape of Good Hope, South Africa
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Baird, 1865)
Hawaii
1967
Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 15733
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:54:06 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR X A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: Spirobranchus kraussii (= Pomatoleios kraussii) is an Indo-Pacific serpulid polychaete that occurs in Japan
and South Africa and has been introduced into Hawaii (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009) and the Mediterranean (Zenetos et
al., 2010). We list it as unclassified in Japan and cryptogenic in the Gulf of Mexico because of taxonomic uncertainties.
610
NEP

Spirobranchus kraussii Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 1.5m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
X X
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY [Obs: 31 - 36psu]
Brackish Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
O P O P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
611
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI X
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Streblospio benedicti Cmplx
Taxon: Polychaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polychaeta
Subclass: Canalipalpata Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Spionida Suborder: Spionida Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Spionidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Streblospio benedicti Ambiguous syn.
Streblospio benedicti complex Convention
Streblospio lutincola Ambiguous syn.
Type Locality: New Jersey, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Webster, 1879
Hawaii
1977
Halawa Stream, Oahu
Yes
Species ID: 804
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:54:06 PM
NEP
1932
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X X
AO X PO
Comments: "Streblospio benedicti" has been divided into S. benedicti which occurs on the Atlantic and Pacific coasts
and S. gynobranchiata which occurs in the Gulf of Mexico. We assume that the S. benedicti on the Pacific Coast was
introduced from the Atlantic, while those in Hawaii were introduced from the Atlantic or secondarily from the Pacific.
612

Streblospio benedicti Cmplx Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
TP RI-PH
X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
P
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 224.6m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep O
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
O
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
O
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 1.59 - 100%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
O
P
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 1.9 - 35.33psu] [Pref: 28 - 34psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline O Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P O
O O O O O P
K
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O O
O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
613
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
X
X
DD
DF X
DF-SUR X DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Syllides bansei
Taxon: Polychaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polychaeta
Subclass: Aciculata Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Phyllodocida Suborder: Phyllodocida Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Syllidae Subfamily: Eusyllinae
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: Florida, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Perkins, 1981
Hawaii
2001
Oahu, Hawaii,
Yes
Species ID: 101858
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:54:06 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: We consider Syllides bansei native to the North Atlantic and Mediterranean. Nelson et al. (2007) classify it
as introduced in Hawaii and we classify it as introduced in the Indian Ocean.
NEP
614

Syllides bansei Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
X
TP RI-PH X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
P
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0.5 - 20m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY [Obs: - 35.25psu]
Brackish Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P O
K
Mixed Sediments
O
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
615
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Typosyllis nipponica
Taxon: Polychaete
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Annelida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Polychaeta
Subclass: Aciculata Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Phyllodocida Suborder: Phyllodocida Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Syllidae Subfamily: Syllinae
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Syllis (Typosyllis) nipponica Synonym
Syllis nipponica Synonym
Type Locality: Japan
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Imajima, 1966
Hawaii
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
Comments:
X
AO PO
Species ID: 853
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:54:06 PM
NEP
1998
Los Angeles + Long Beach, CA
Yes
REC
SF
HR
616
O

Typosyllis nipponica Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
TP RI-PH X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
O
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 272m] [Pref: 4 - 15m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep O
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
O
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 7.79 - 99.19%] X
Sand
O
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 25.5 - 33.27psu] [Pref: 30 - psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P O P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
617
H
Supralittoral
H
X
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Bryozoa
618

619
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Aetea anguina
Taxon: Bryozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Bryozoa
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gymnolaemata
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Cheilostomatida Suborder: Inovicellina Infraorder:
Superfamily: Aeteoidea Family: Aeteidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Sertularia anguina Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Linnaeus, 1758)
Hawaii
1997
Honolulu Harbor, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 1646
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:49:36 PM
NEP
1950
Los Angeles Harbor, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Aetea anguina is a wide-spread species whose native region is unknown, and which may constitute a
species complex. It has been classified as introduced in Australia (Hewitt et al., 2004) and Hawaii (Carlton and
Eldredge, 2009), and cryptogenic in California (CANOD, 2009), Canary Islands (DAISIE), and Brazil (Ignacio et al.,
2010).
620

Aetea anguina Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
O
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 15 - 100m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR
X
CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
O
SynH
SA
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
621
H X
SeqH
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
RI
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
SP
SP

Aetea truncata
Taxon: Bryozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Bryozoa
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gymnolaemata
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Cheilostomatida Suborder: Inovicellina Infraorder:
Superfamily: Aeteoidea Family: Aeteidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Aetea recta of Soule et al., 1987 Misidentified
Aetea truncate Misspelling
Anguinaria truncata Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Landsborough, 1852).
Hawaii
1935
Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 122864
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:49:36 PM
Unknown
Unknown
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: The native region of Aetea truncata is unknown, though it is considered introduced in Hawaii (Carlton and
Eldredge, 2009) and cryptogenic in the Azores (DAISIE) and Brazil (Ignacio et al., 2010).
NEP
622

Aetea truncata Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X X TP RI-PH
X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 2 - 44m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
O O O O O O O P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
623
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
SP
SP

Aeverrillia armata
Taxon: Bryozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Bryozoa
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gymnolaemata
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Ctenostomatida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Aeverrilliidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Verrill, 1873)
Hawaii
Species ID: 101541
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:49:36 PM
NEP
2000
San Fransico Estuary, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: We classify Aeverrillia armata as native to the NWA, including the Gulf of Mexico. It was first reported in
the NEP from the San Francisco Estuary in 2000 (CANOD, 2009).
624

Aeverrillia armata Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 16.5m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
O Sub-Shallow
O
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR
X
CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 12 - psu]
Fresh Brackish P
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
Beta Alpha
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
625
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
RI X
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
SP
SP

Amathia convoluta
Taxon: Bryozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Bryozoa
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gymnolaemata
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Ctenostomatida Suborder: Carnosa Infraorder:
Superfamily: Vesicularioidea Family: Vesiculariidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Amathia spiralis Synonym sheep's wool bryozoan
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Lamarck, 1816)
Hawaii
Species ID: 101872
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:49:36 PM
NEP
2005
San Diego Bay, CA
Unknown
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Osburn (1953) reported Amathia convoluta from the Eastern Tropical Pacific; however it was not reported
from the NEP until 2005, suggesting a recent anthropogenic introduction or a range extension. The native region is not
known but may be the NWA. Osburn also reported it from Europe and Australia.
626

Amathia convoluta Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X TP RI-PH X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 9 - 36m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 18 - psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
O P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
627
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Amathia distans
Taxon: Bryozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Bryozoa
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gymnolaemata
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Ctenostomatida Suborder: Carnosa Infraorder:
Superfamily: Vesicularioidea Family: Vesiculariidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: Bahia, Brazil
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Busk, 1886
Amathia brasiliensis of authors in part; not Bush, 1886 Misidentified
Amathia goodei Synonym
Hawaii
1935
Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii
Yes
bushy bryozoan
delicate sheep's-wool bryozoan
Species ID: 1056
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:49:36 PM
NEP
1925
Puget Sound, WA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X X
AO X PO
Comments: Fehlauer-Ale et al. (2011) removed Amathia brasiliensis from synonomy with A. distans, which confounds
their distributions. We tentatively consider both species native to the western Atlantic, as does Cranfield et al., 1998a,
and thus introduced in the Pacific. We note that CANOD (2009) considers it cryptogenic in the NEP.
628

Amathia distans Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X X TP RI-PH X X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 145m] [Pref: 0 - 5.5m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Pref: 30 - psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O O
O P O P O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
629
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
SP
SP

Anguinella palmata
Taxon: Bryozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Bryozoa
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gymnolaemata
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Ctenostomatida Suborder: Carnosa Infraorder:
Superfamily: Paludicelloidea Family: Nolellidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Anquinella palmata Synonym ambiguous bryozoan
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: van Beneden, 1845
Hawaii
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
AO X PO
Comments:
Species ID: 1139
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:49:36 PM
NEP
1953
Newport Harbor, California
Yes
REC
SF
HR
630
O

Anguinella palmata Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
O
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 45m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
X X
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 13 - 32psu] [Pref: 30 - psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
O O O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
P O P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
631
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI X
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
SP
SP

Aspidelectra cf. melolontha
Taxon: Bryozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Bryozoa
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gymnolaemata
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Cheilostomatida Suborder: Anasca Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Electridae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Aspidelectra melolontha of NEP authors Synonym
Aspidelectra sp. (Cohen and Carlton 1995) Synonym
Type Locality: California, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author:
Hawaii
Species ID: 11618
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:49:36 PM
NEP
1970s
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Crooks et al. (2011) classify Aspidelectra cf. melolontha as “Cryptogenic (Probable exotic)” in the San
Francisco Estuary. We classify it as NIS in the NEP since this genus only appears to occur in San Francisco. The base
species, Aspidelectra melolontha, is native to the North Sea.
632

Aspidelectra cf. melolontha Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal O
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR
X
CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B
O
Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
633
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
F
X
SP
SP

Bowerbankia gracilis Cmplx
Taxon: Bryozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Bryozoa
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gymnolaemata
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Ctenostomatida Suborder: Carnosa Infraorder:
Superfamily: Vesicularioidea Family: Vesiculariidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Bowerbankia ?gracilis Ambiguous syn. creeping bryozoan
Bowerbankia caudata Ambiguous syn.
Bowerbankia gracilis Ambiguous syn.
Bowerbankia gracilis aggregata Ambiguous syn.
Type Locality: New Jersey, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Leidy, 1855
Hawaii
1966
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 107
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:49:36 PM
1923
Unknown
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P X
X
AO X PO
Comments: Bowerbankia gracilis is likely a species complex. Nonetheless we follow McCann et al. (2007) and
tentatively classify it as native in the NWA and introduced in the Pacific, recognizing it may not be the same species in
all regions. Carlton and Eldredge (2009) list "Bowerbankia sp., cf. gracilis" as introduced in Hawaii.
634
NEP

Bowerbankia gracilis Cmplx Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
X TP RI-PH X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 90m] [Pref: 7 - 13m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: - 57%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
O
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 5.4 - 34psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
O O O P
K
X
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O O
O P
P O P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
635
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
SP
SP

Bowerbankia imbricata
Taxon: Bryozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Bryozoa
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gymnolaemata
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Ctenostomatida Suborder: Carnosa Infraorder:
Superfamily: Vesicularioidea Family: Vesiculariidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Bowerbankia cf. imbricata Ambiguous syn.
Bowerbankia imbricate Misspelling
Sertularia imbricata Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Adams, 1798)
Hawaii
1966
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 120718
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:49:36 PM
NEP

Bowerbankia imbricata Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
TP RI-PH X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 150m] [Pref: - 30m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
O O O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
P O
O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
637
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
SP
SP

Bugula californica
Taxon: Bryozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Bryozoa
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gymnolaemata
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Cheilostomatida Suborder: Anasca Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Bugulidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: California, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: 1980s
Loc 1st record: Korea
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Robertson, 1905
Hawaii
Species ID: 897
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:49:36 PM
Native
Native
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
Comments:
X
AO PO
REC
NEP
SF
HR
638
O

Bugula californica Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: - 70m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR
X
CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
P
P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B
P
Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
639
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
RI
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
SP
SP

Bugula dentata
Taxon: Bryozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Bryozoa
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gymnolaemata
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Cheilostomatida Suborder: Anasca Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Bugulidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Acamarchis dentata Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Lamouroux, 1816)
Hawaii
1997
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 122865
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:49:36 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: While Carlton and Eldredge (2009) state that the native region for Bugula dentata is unknown, Mead et al.
(2011) state that its origin is the Indo-Pacific. Thus we classify it as native in the Central Indo-Pacific, introduced in
southern Australia (Pollard and Pethebridge, 2002b) and Atlantic, and unclassified in the NWP.
640
NEP

Bugula dentata Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 4 - 54m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
X X
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
O O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
641
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
RI
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
SP
SP

Bugula flabellata
Taxon: Bryozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Bryozoa
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gymnolaemata
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Cheilostomatida Suborder: Anasca Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Bugulidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Avicella mediterranea Synonym
Avicularia flabellata Synonym
Flustra avicularis Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Thompson in Gray, 1848)
Hawaii
Species ID: 3555
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:49:36 PM
NEP
1905
San Diego Bay, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Following Inglis et al. (2008b), we classify Bugula flabellata as native in the British Isles and North Sea.
Based on this classification, we classify it as NIS in the Southern Atlantic and Pacific while Mead et al. (2011)
classifies it as introduced in South Africa. Embryos of B. flabellata receive nutrition while being brooded.
642

Bugula flabellata Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
TP RI-PH X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 128m] [Pref: 9 - 21m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
O
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Pref: 35 - psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
P
P
K
X
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
P O
SynH
SA
PP
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
H X G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
SeqH
IF FEE FCS P
X
X
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V
X
OVI OVO
PL
643
Supralittoral
DD
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
SP
SP

Bugula fulva
Taxon: Bryozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Bryozoa
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gymnolaemata
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Cheilostomatida Suborder: Anasca Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Bugulidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Bugula ditrupa of Marcus, 1937; not Busk, 1858 Misidentified
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Ryland, 1960
Hawaii
Species ID: 101240
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:49:36 PM
NEP
2003
Monterey Bay, California
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: The native region of Bugula fulva is unknown; but it is considered introduced in the NEP (deRivera et al.,
2007) and Mediterranean (Zenetos et al., 2010) and cryptogenic in the Northeast Atlantic (Olenin and Didžiulis, 2009).
644

Bugula fulva Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
O
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 77m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR
X
CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: - 36.5psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
645
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
RI X
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
SP
SP

Bugula minima
Taxon: Bryozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Bryozoa
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gymnolaemata
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Cheilostomatida Suborder: Anasca Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Bugulidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Bugula robusta of Hawaiian authors Synonym
Type Locality: Red Sea (neotype)
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Norman, 1909
Hawaii
1996
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 170018
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:49:36 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Based on Winston and Woollacott's (2008) revision of Bugula, we consider B. minima an Indian Ocean
species. The records from the Atlantic are classified as cryptogenic until they can be evaluated against the Winston and
Woollacott revision.
646
NEP

Bugula minima Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: - 18m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR
X
O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
647
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
RI
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
SP
SP

Bugula neritina Cmplx
Taxon: Bryozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Bryozoa
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gymnolaemata
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Cheilostomatida Suborder: Anasca Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Bugulidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Linnaeus, 1758)
Anamarchis neritina Ambiguous syn.
Bugula neritina Ambiguous syn.
Bugula neritina complex Convention
Cellularia neritina Ambiguous syn.
brown bryozoan
common bugula
Hawaii
1921
Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 1140
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:49:36 PM
NEP
1905
Monterey Bay, California
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X X
AO X PO X
Comments: Bugula neritina is a species complex consisting of at least three cryptic species (Mackie et al., 2006). We
use regional classifications when available to show current thinking about its distribution, recognizing that several of
these populations probably consist of different species and/or mixes of species.
648

Bugula neritina Cmplx Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
X X TP RI-PH X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 320m] [Pref: 0 - 5m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep O
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
O
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 82.7 - 82.7%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
O
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 14 - 36psu] [Pref: 18 - 36psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P P
O P P
K
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
O P O P P
SynH
X
SA
PP
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
H X G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
SeqH
IF FEE FCS
X
P
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V
X
OVI OVO
PL
649
Supralittoral
DD
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
SP
SP

Bugula sp. 1 (Cohen et al., 1998)
Taxon: Bryozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Bryozoa
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gymnolaemata
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Cheilostomatida Suborder: Anasca Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Bugulidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: Washington, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author:
Hawaii
Species ID: 3510
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:49:36 PM
NEP
1993
Puget Sound, WA
Yes
VECTORS
SH MS AF ID RE AP REC
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
AO PO
Comments: Bugula sp. 1 of Cohen et al. (1998) resembles B. turbinata, a northeast Atlantic species.
SF
HR
650
O
X

Bugula sp. 1 (Cohen et al., 1998) Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 29 - 34psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P
O
H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
651
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
RI
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
SP
SP

Bugula sp. 2 (Cohen et al., 1998)
Taxon: Bryozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Bryozoa
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gymnolaemata
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Cheilostomatida Suborder: Anasca Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Bugulidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: Washington, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author:
Hawaii
VECTORS
SH MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
AO PO
Comments: Bugula sp. 2 of Cohen et al. (1998) resembles B. fulva, a North Atlantic species.
Species ID: 5633
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:49:36 PM
NEP
1998
Puget Sound, WA
Yes
REC
SF
HR
652
O
X

Bugula sp. 2 (Cohen et al., 1998) Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal O
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 29 - 34psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P
O
H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
653
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
RI
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
F
X
SP
SP

Bugula stolonifera
Taxon: Bryozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Bryozoa
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gymnolaemata
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Cheilostomatida Suborder: Anasca Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Bugulidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Bugula californica of authors Misidentified
Type Locality: Swansea, Wales
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 1997
Loc 1st record: Port of Nagoya, Japan
Established: Yes
Taxonomic Author: Ryland, 1960
Hawaii
1935
Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 1141
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:49:36 PM
NEP
1972
Newport Bay, California
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: The native region for Bugula stolonifera is unknown, though it is considered an Atlantic species by Soule et
al. (2007). We follow regional designations and classify it as NIS in the Pacific and Southwest Atlantic, cryptogenic in
the NWA and the Atlantic coast of Europe, and unknown elsewhere.
654

Bugula stolonifera Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
TP RI-PH X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 68m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 20 - 37psu] [Pref: - 26psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O O
O P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
P
P P P O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
655
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
SP
SP

Caberea boryi
Taxon: Bryozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Bryozoa
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gymnolaemata
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Cheilostomatida Suborder: Neocheilostomatina Infraorder: Flustrina
Superfamily: Buguloidea Family: Candidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Caberia boryi Misspelling
Type Locality: Red Sea
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Audouin, 1826)
Hawaii
1966
Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A
X
AO PO
Comments: The native range of Caberea boryi is unknown (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009).
Species ID: 9829
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:49:36 PM
NEP
1889
Southern California
Unknown
P
REC
SF
HR
656
O

Caberea boryi Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
TP RI-PH X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 15 - 100m] [Pref: 20 - 60m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
P
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
657
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
SP
SP

Caulibugula caliculata
Taxon: Bryozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Bryozoa
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gymnolaemata
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Cheilostomatida Suborder: Anasca Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Bugulidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Levinsen, 1909)
Hawaii
1997
Honolulu Harbor, Hawaii
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A
X
AO PO
Comments:
Species ID: 122867
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:49:36 PM
P
REC
NEP
SF
HR
658
O

Caulibugula caliculata Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal O
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
659
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
RI
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
SP
SP

Caulibugula dendrograpta
Taxon: Bryozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Bryozoa
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gymnolaemata
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Cheilostomatida Suborder: Anasca Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Bugulidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Bugula armata Synonym
Caulibugula armata of Marcus, 1938 Misidentified
Caulibugula armata of Osburn, 1940 Misidentified
Stirparia dendrograpta Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Waters, 1913)
Hawaii
1997
Honolulu Harbor, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 122868
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:49:36 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Carlton and Eldredge (2009) list Caulibugula dendrograpta as introduced into Hawaii based on its recent
discovery (1997) and consider it an Indo-Pacific species. However, it is widely distributed in the Western Atlantic,
from Brazil (Lira et al., 2010) to North Carolina (Maturo, 1966). Thus, we list it as unclassified outside of Hawaii.
660
NEP

Caulibugula dendrograpta Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: - 23m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR
X
O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
P O P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
661
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
RI
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
SP
SP

Conopeum seurati
Taxon: Bryozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Bryozoa
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gymnolaemata
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Cheilostomatida Suborder: Malacostegina Infraorder:
Superfamily: Membraniporoidea Family: Electridae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: Tunisia
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record:

Conopeum seurati Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
TP RI-PH X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 1 - 40psu] [Pref: 18 - 27.5psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine O Hyper O
Oligohaline O Mesohaline P Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O O
O O P P P P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P P
P
O P P O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
663
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS
X
P
X
DD
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
SP
SP

Conopeum tenuissimum
Taxon: Bryozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Bryozoa
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gymnolaemata
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Cheilostomatida Suborder: Malacostegina Infraorder:
Superfamily: Membraniporoidea Family: Electridae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Conopeum commensale of Aldrich, 1961; not Kirkpatrick anMisidentified lacy crust bryozoan
Conopeum commensale of Carlton, 1979; not Kirkpatrick anMisidentified
Conopeum commensale of Filice, 1959; not Kirkpatrick and Misidentified
Conopeum reticulum of authors Misidentified
Type Locality: Pliocene fossils from Argentina
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Canu, 1908)
Hawaii
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
Comments:
X
AO X PO
Species ID: 1142
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:49:36 PM
NEP
1951
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
REC
SF
HR
664
O

Conopeum tenuissimum Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
X
TP RI-PH X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 4m] [Pref: 0 - 4m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
O
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 11 - 40psu] [Pref: 18 - psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine O Hyper O
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O O
O P P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P O
O
P O P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
665
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
SP
SP

Cryptosula pallasiana
Taxon: Bryozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Bryozoa
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gymnolaemata
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Cheilostomatida Suborder: Ascophora Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Cryptosulidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Eschara pallasiana Synonym
Hippoporia pallasiana Synonym
Lepralia pallasiana Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Moll, 1803)
Hawaii
1966
Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 1143
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:49:36 PM
NEP
1943
Newport Bay, California
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
AO X PO
Comments: Cryptosula pallasiana has been considered an Atlantic species (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009); however it
may be a species complex (Soule et al., 2007). We list it as native to the NEA and Mediterranean, cryptogenic in the
NWA, and introduced in the SWA, Pacific, and South Africa, recognizing that these may constitute different species.
666

Cryptosula pallasiana Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
TP RI-PH X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 60m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
P
P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
P O
P P O
SynH
SA
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V
X
OVI OVO
PL
667
H X
SeqH
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
SP
SP

Electra tenella
Taxon: Bryozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Bryozoa
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gymnolaemata
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Cheilostomatida Suborder: Anasca Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Electridae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Membranipora tenella Synonym
Type Locality: Atlantic coast of Florida, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:

Electra tenella Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
TP RI-PH X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 10 - 18m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
O
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 27 - 35psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
P
O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
P
O O P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
669
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Escharoides excavata
Taxon: Bryozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Bryozoa
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gymnolaemata
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Cheilostomatida Suborder: Ascophora Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Exochellidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Escharoides excavate Misspelling
Escharoides sauroglossa Synonym
Lepralia excavata Synonym
Smittina foliaceana Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 1980
Loc 1st record: Sangju, Korea
Established: Yes
Taxonomic Author: (Macgillivray, 1860)
Hawaii
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A
X
AO PO
Comments:
Species ID: 100672
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:49:36 PM
P
REC
NEP
SF
HR
670
O

Escharoides excavata Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: - 5m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR
X
CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY
Brackish Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B
O
Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
671
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Hippopodina tahitiensis
Taxon: Bryozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Bryozoa
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gymnolaemata
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Cheilostomatida Suborder: Neocheilostomatina Infraorder: Ascophora
Superfamily: Schizoporelloidea Family: Hippopodinidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type):
Hippopodina feegeensis of Hawaiian authors, not of Busk, 1 Misidentified
Common Names:
Hippopodina viriosa Synonym
Type Locality: French Polynesia
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Leca & d'Hondt, 1993)
Hawaii
1948
Honolulu Harbor, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 170019
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:49:36 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Hippopodina tahitiensis is a wide-spread species, including reports from Africa, India and Columbia
(Tilbrook et al., 2001).
NEP
672
O

Hippopodina tahitiensis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR
X
O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
673
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
RI
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
SP
SP

Membranipora chesapeakensis
Taxon: Bryozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Bryozoa
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gymnolaemata
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Cheilostomatida Suborder: Anasca Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Membraniporidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Conopeum chesapeakensis Synonym
Type Locality: Chesapeake Bay, Maryland, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Banta, Perez, & Santagata, 1995
Hawaii
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A
X
AO PO
Comments:
Species ID: 101883
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:49:36 PM
NEP
about 2000
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
P
REC
SF
HR
674
O

Membranipora chesapeakensis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
O Sub-Shallow
O
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR
X
CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish P
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
K
Mixed Sediments
O
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B
O
Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
675
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
RI X
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
SP
SP

Membraniporopsis tubigerum
Taxon: Bryozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Bryozoa
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gymnolaemata
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Cheilostomatida Suborder: Neocheilostomatina Infraorder: Flustrina
Superfamily: Flustroidea Family: Sinoflustridae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Conopeum tubigerum Synonym
Membraniporopsis tubigera Convention
Type Locality: Puerto Rico, Texas, and Florida
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record:

Membraniporopsis tubigerum Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
TP RI-PH
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
P
Shelf
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY
Brackish Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
K
Mixed Sediments
O
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B
O
Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
677
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Nolella stipata
Taxon: Bryozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Bryozoa
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gymnolaemata
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Ctenostomatida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Nolellidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Cylindroecium giganteum Synonym
Farrella dilatata Synonym
Farrella gigantea Synonym
Nolella gigantea Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Gosse, 1855
Hawaii
Species ID: 570
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:49:36 PM
NEP
about 1923
Vancouver Island, Canada
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: The distribution of Nolella stipata is confused because of its earlier synonomy with N. dilatata, which
Hayward (1985) and WoRMS do not accept. In particular, records for the NWA and Brazil may be N. dilatata in part.
McCann et al. (2007) list it as cryptogenic in the southern U.S., resulting in a conflicting classification in the NWA.
678

Nolella stipata Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
X X TP RI-PH X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 90m] [Pref: 0 - 10m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 22.9 - 22.9%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
O
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 26.6 - 36.3psu] [Pref: - 30psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P O
K
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
P P P P O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
679
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
SP
SP

Savignyella lafontii
Taxon: Bryozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Bryozoa
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gymnolaemata
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Cheilostomatida Suborder: Ascophora Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Savignyellidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Catenaria lafontii Synonym
Eucratea lafontii Synonym
Savignyella lafonti Misspelling
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Audouin, 1826)
Hawaii
1935
Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 122869
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:49:36 PM
Unknown
Unknown
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Because Miocene specimens of Savignyella lafontii have been found in the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean,
we tentatively classify it as native, though McCann et al. (2007) classifies it as cryptogenic in the Gulf of Mexico. We
classify it as nonindigenous in Hawaii, Samoa and Australia, cryptogenic in Brazil and unclassified elsewhere.
680
NEP

Savignyella lafontii Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X TP RI-PH X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 44m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
O
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Pref: 30 - psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
P
O P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
681
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
SP
SP

Schizoporella errata
Taxon: Bryozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Bryozoa
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gymnolaemata
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Cheilostomatida Suborder: Ascophora Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Schizoporellidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Lepralia errata Synonym branching bryozoan
Type Locality: Naples, Italy
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Waters, 1878)
Hawaii
Species ID: 4592
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:49:36 PM
NEP

Schizoporella errata Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
TP RI-PH X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
P
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 10m] [Pref: 0 - 3.5m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
O
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 8 - 18psu]
Fresh Brackish P
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O O O O
SynH
SA
PP
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
H X G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
SeqH
IF FEE FCS
X
P
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
683
Supralittoral
DD
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
SP
SP

Schizoporella japonica
Taxon: Bryozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Bryozoa
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gymnolaemata
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Cheilostomatida Suborder: Ascophora Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Schizoporellidae Subfamily:
Species ID: 1137
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Schizoporella unicornis of NEP authors; not (Johnston, 1847Misidentified single horn bryozoan (Schizoporella japonica)
Schizoporella unicornis var. japonica Synonym
Type Locality: Sagami Bay, Japan
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Ortmann, 1890
Hawaii
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:49:36 PM
NEP
1927
Puget Sound, WA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
AO PO X
Comments: The distribution of Schizoporella japonica is confounded because the records of S. unicornis along the U.S.
Pacific coast "are likely referable to S. japonica "(Dick et al., 2005; also see Soule et al., 2007).
684

Schizoporella japonica Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
O
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 53m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
X X
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 18 - 30psu] [Pref: 20 - psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
O P P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
P P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
685
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
RI X
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
SP
SP

Schizoporella sp. (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009)
Taxon: Bryozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Bryozoa
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gymnolaemata
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Cheilostomatida Suborder: Ascophora Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Schizoporellidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Schizoporella errata of Hawaiian authors Partial synonym
Type Locality: Hawaii, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author:
Hawaii
1935
Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 170020
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:49:36 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: The taxonomy of Schizoporella is confused and the specific species in Hawaii are unknown. However,
Carlton and Eldredge (2009) suggest that there is one or more non-native species in Hawaii.
NEP
686
O

Schizoporella sp. (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009) Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal O
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O O O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
687
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
RI
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
SP
SP

Schizoporella unicornis
Taxon: Bryozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Bryozoa
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gymnolaemata
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Cheilostomatida Suborder: Ascophora Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Schizoporellidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Lepralia unicornis Synonym lace coral
orange encrusting bryozoan
single horn bryozoan
Type Locality: England
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Johnston in Wood, 1844)
Hawaii
Species ID: 101218
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:49:36 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: The distribution of Schizoporella unicornis is confounded because S. unicornis var. japonica was elevated
to a species (Dick et al., 2005). We assume that records of S. unicornis along the Pacific coast of North America are S.
japonica. Zvyagintsev et al. (2011) lists S. unicornis as introduced in Peter the Great Bay, Russia.
688
NEP

Schizoporella unicornis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 185m] [Pref: 0 - 5.5m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
X X
Lakes
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 46 - 65.33%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
O
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 18 - 32.41psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
O O
K
X
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
O
O O O
SynH
X
SA
PP
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
H X G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
SeqH
IF FEE FCS
X
P
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V
X
OVI OVO
PL
689
Supralittoral
DD
RI
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
SP
SP

Synnotum aegyptiacum
Taxon: Bryozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Bryozoa
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gymnolaemata
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Cheilostomatida Suborder: Anasca Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Epistomiidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Gemellaria avicularis Synonym
Loricaria aegyptiaca Synonym
Synnotum aviculare Synonym
Type Locality: Red Sea
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Audouin, 1826)
Hawaii
1966
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 9833
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:49:36 PM
Unknown
Unknown
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: The native region of Synnotum aegyptiacum is unknown, though Lagaaij (1968 in Tilbrook et al., 2001)
reported its occurrence in the Tertiary of Indonesia and the Caribbean. Foss (2011) classifies it as "cryptogenic - likely
introduced" in California.
690
NEP

Synnotum aegyptiacum Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
TP RI-PH X X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 10 - 82m] [Pref: - 20m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O O
O
P
O P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
691
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
SP
SP

Triticella sp. B (Hewitt, 1993)
Taxon: Bryozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Bryozoa
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gymnolaemata
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Ctenostomatida Suborder: Stolonifera Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Triticellidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Triticella sp. (Carlton, 2003) Synonym
Triticella sp. of Wonham and Carlton, 2005 Synonym
Type Locality: Oregon, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author:
Hawaii
Species ID: 1631
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:49:36 PM
NEP
1988
Coos Bay, Oregon
Unknown
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: An unidentified bryozoan, Triticella sp. B, was reported by C. Hewitt in Coos Bay, Oregon in 1988 and
1989. It is considered introduced, possibly from Japan (Carlton, 2003). It is not known if it is established.
692
O

Triticella sp. B (Hewitt, 1993) Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal O
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B
O
Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
693
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Trypostega venusta
Taxon: Bryozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Bryozoa
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gymnolaemata
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Cheilostomatida Suborder: Neocheilostomatina Infraorder: Ascophora
Superfamily: Hippothooidea Family: Trypostegidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Gemellipora glabra forma striatula Synonym
Lepralia venusta Synonym
Type Locality: Guernsey, English Channel
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Norman, 1864)
Hawaii
1966
Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 170021
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:49:36 PM
Unknown
Unknown
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Trypostega venusta is a wide-spread species whose native region is unknown though fossils have been
reported from Morocco.
NEP
694
O

Trypostega venusta Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
X
TP RI-PH X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 3 - 180m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
O
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY
Brackish Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
O
O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
695
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
SP
SP

Victorella pavida
Taxon: Bryozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Bryozoa
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gymnolaemata
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Ctenostomatida Suborder: Carnosa Infraorder:
Superfamily: Paludicelloidea Family: Victorellidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Victorella bengalensis Synonym trembling sea mat
Victorella cf. pavida of Soule et al. 2007 Ambiguous syn.
Type Locality: England
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: by 1943
Loc 1st record: Japan
Established: Unknown
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Saville Kent, 1870
Hawaii
Species ID: 1144
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:49:36 PM
NEP
1967
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
AO X PO X
Comments: Carlton (1979) suggested that Victorella pavida was native to the Indian Ocean, while it is introduced in
Europe (Olenin and Didžiulis, 2009). We consider it introduced in the NEP, NWP, NEA, NWA, and Mediterranean,
though the "Victorella pavida" in the NEP may not be the same species as reported in other parts of the world.
696

Victorella pavida Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
TP RI-PH X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 5m] [Pref: 0 - 2m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0.5 - 35psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline P Mesohaline P Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
O P P P O O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
P
P P P
SynH
SA
X
SeqH
X
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
697
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
SP
SP

Watersipora arcuata
Taxon: Bryozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Bryozoa
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gymnolaemata
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Cheilostomatida Suborder: Ascophora Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Watersiporidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: Gulf of California, Mexico
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Banta, 1969
Hawaii
1998
Kahului Harbor, Maui, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 1589
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:49:36 PM
NEP
1964
San Diego, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: The native range of Watersipora arcuata is thought to be the Mexican-Eastern Pacific (Mackie et al., 2006).
It is considered introduced in California because of its appearance in several embayments in the mid-1960s.
698

Watersipora arcuata Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
O Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR
X
CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
O O P O
SynH
X
SA
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
699
H X
SeqH
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
RI X
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
SP
SP

Watersipora edmondsoni
Taxon: Bryozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Bryozoa
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gymnolaemata
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Cheilostomatida Suborder: Ascophora Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Watersiporidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Watersipora subovoidea sensu Harmer, 1957 of Dick, 2006 Synonym
Type Locality: Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Soule & Soule, 1968
Hawaii
1966
Ala Wai Canal, Hawaii
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
Comments:
X
AO PO
Species ID: 122871
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:49:36 PM
REC
NEP
SF
HR
700
O

Watersipora edmondsoni Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 10m] [Pref: 0 - 3m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
X X
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
P
P P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
701
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
RI X
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
SP
SP

Watersipora sp. (Mackie et al., 2006)
Taxon: Bryozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Bryozoa
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gymnolaemata
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Cheilostomatida Suborder: Ascophora Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Watersiporidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type):
Watersipora subtorquata of authors in part; not Waters, 1874Misidentified
Common Names:
Watersipora subtorquata/ n. sp. Mackie Synonym
Type Locality: California, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Mackie et al., 2006
Hawaii
Species ID: 101873
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:49:36 PM
NEP
2006
Santa Cruz, California
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: This unidentified bryozoan is related to the "Watersipora subtorquata" group. It was first recognized from
Santa Cruz, California in 2006.
702

Watersipora sp. (Mackie et al., 2006) Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal O
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR
X
CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B
O
Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
703
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
SP
SP

Watersipora subtorquata
Taxon: Bryozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Bryozoa
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gymnolaemata
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Cheilostomatida Suborder: Ascophora Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Watersiporidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Cellepora subtorquata Synonym
Escharina torquata Synonym
Watersipora subovoidea of Smithsonian Marine St.; not (d'OMisidentified
Watersipora 'subtorquata' of Cohen and Carlton, 1995 Synonym
Type Locality: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (d'Orbigny, 1852)
Hawaii
1966
Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 1145
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:49:36 PM
NEP
1963
Southern California
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X X
AO X PO X
Comments: We classify Watersipora subtorquata as native in the Caribbean-Atlantic based on Mackie et al. (2006) and
NIS in the NEA and Pacific while Mead et al. (2011) classifies it as introduced in South Africa. However, its taxonomy
is confused and it is possible that it may consist of more than one native or introduced species in many areas.
704

Watersipora subtorquata Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X TP RI-PH X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 76m] [Pref: 0 - 12m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 25 - 49psu] [Pref: 29 - 37psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper O
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P P
O P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O O
O P
P O P
SynH
X
SA
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V
X
OVI OVO
PL
705
H X
SeqH
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
SP
SP

Zoobotryon verticillatum
Taxon: Bryozoan
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Bryozoa
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gymnolaemata
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Ctenostomatida Suborder: Carnosa Infraorder:
Superfamily: Vesicularioidea Family: Vesiculariidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Amathia coutinhii Synonym spaghetti bryozoan
Hydra verticillata Synonym
Zoobotryon pellucidum Synonym
Zoobotryon pellucidus Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Japan
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Delle Chiaje, 1828)
Hawaii

Zoobotryon verticillatum Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
X X TP RI-PH X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 19m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 17.2 - 21.35%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
O
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 15 - 56psu] [Pref: 30 - 36psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper O
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P P
O O O
K
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
P P
P P O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
707
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
SP
SP

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Phoronida
708

709
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Phoronis hippocrepia
Taxon: Phoronid
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Phoronida
Subphylum: Superclass: Class:
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Phoronidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Actinotropha hippocrepia Synonym
Phoronis (Crepina) gracilis Synonym
Phoronis capensis Synonym
Phoronis gracilis Synonym
Type Locality: Illfracombe, United Kingdom
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Wright, 1856
Hawaii
1976
Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 170028
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:32:32 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Carlton and Eldredge (2009) consider Phoronis hippocrepia native to the North/South Atlantic while Olenin
and Didžiulis (2009) consider it introduced to Europe. We classify the NEA as a conflict, the Mediterranean and Gulf
of Mexico as unclassified, and Pacific ecoregions as introduced.
710
NEP

Phoronis hippocrepia Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
O
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 55m] [Pref: 0 - 10m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Consolidated
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
SR
X
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
CR
X
X
O/M
X
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P P O
O P O
SynH
SA
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
711
H X
SeqH
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P X
DD
RI X
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
X
F
X
SP
SP

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Entoprocta
712

713
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Barentsia benedeni
Taxon: Entoproct
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Entoprocta
Subphylum: Superclass: Class:
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Coloniales Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Barentsiidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ascopodaria gracilis of Craig 1929 not (M. Sars 1835) Misidentified nodding head
Barentsia gracilis of Hedgpeth, 1964; not (M. Sars, 1835) Misidentified
Pedicellina benedeni Synonym
Type Locality: Belgium
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Foettinger, 1886)
Hawaii
Species ID: 93
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:31:21 PM
NEP
1929
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X X
AO X PO X
Comments: Olenin and Didžiulis (2009) consider Barentsia benedeni a native European species. It is considered
introduced in the NEP (Cohen and Carlton, 1995), NWA (Ruiz et al., 2000), Australia (NIMPIS, 2002r), Japan
(NIMPIS, 2002r), and Caspian Sea (Paavola et al., 2005). We classify it as introduced in the South China Sea.
714

Barentsia benedeni Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
TP RI-PH X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 8 - 90m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 8.41 - 71.51%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
O
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 7 - 35psu] [Pref: 18 - psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline P Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
O P O O
K
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O O O
O P O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
715
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
X IF FEE
X
FCS P X X
DD
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
SP
SP

Barentsia sp. (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009)
Taxon: Entoproct
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Entoprocta
Subphylum: Superclass: Class:
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Coloniales Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Barentsiidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Barentsia gracilis of Soule and Soule, 1968 Misidentified
Type Locality: Hawaii, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author:
Hawaii
1966
Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
Comments:
X
AO PO
Species ID: 170017
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:31:21 PM
REC
NEP
SF
HR
716
O

Barentsia sp. (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009) Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal O
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY
Brackish Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B
O
Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
717
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
X IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
RI
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
SP
SP

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Bivalvia
718

719
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Abra sp. A (Coles et al., 1997)
Taxon: Bivalve
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Bivalvia
Subclass: Heterodonta Infraclass: Euheterodonta Superorder:
Order: Veneroida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Tellinoidea Family: Semelidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: Hawaii, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Coles et al., 2007
Hawaii
1996
Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
Comments:
X
AO PO
Species ID: 14354
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:26:34 PM
REC
NEP
SF
HR
720
O
X

Abra sp. A (Coles et al., 1997) Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
TP RI-PH
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B
O
Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
721
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Anomia nobilis
Taxon: Bivalve
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Bivalvia
Subclass: Pteriomorphia Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Pectinoida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Anomioidea Family: Anomiidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Monia nobilis Synonym jingle shell
saddle oyster
Type Locality: Hawaii, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Reeve, 1859
1859
Hawaii
Yes
Hawaii
Species ID: 14353
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:26:34 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: The Indo-West Pacific is likely the native region for Anomia nobilis, and Pleistocene fossils have been
found in Djibouti in the Gulf of Aden. The introduced Guam population appears to have gone extinct.
NEP
722
O

Anomia nobilis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 60m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
X X
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish P
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
P P P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
723
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE
X
FCS P
DD
RI X
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Argopecten irradians
Taxon: Bivalve
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Bivalvia
Subclass: Pteriomorphia Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Pectinoida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Pectinoidea Family: Pectinidae Subfamily: Pectininae
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 1981
Loc 1st record: Shandong, China
Established: Yes
Taxonomic Author: (Lamarck, 1819)
Aequipecten irradians Synonym
Argopecten irradians amplicostatus Convention
Argopecten irradians concentricus Convention
Argopecten irradians irradians Convention
Hawaii
Atlantic bay scallop
bay scallop
Species ID: 3453
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:26:34 PM
NEP
1870s-1880s
San Francisco Estuary, CA
No
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X AO X PO
Comments: Argopecten irradians is a NWA scallop. In the 1960s and 1970s shells were found in California (Carlton,
1979; CANOD, 2009) and there were earlier records (1880-1978) from Baja California, Gulf of California, Peru, and
Ecuador in the U.S. National Museum (OBIS). Chavanich et al. (2010) report it introduced into the Yellow Sea.
724

Argopecten irradians Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
X X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
O
Shelf
O
MAN
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 80m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines
O
Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 14 - 38psu] [Pref: 20 - psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P O
O P P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
725
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DD
RI
RI-PH
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
H X G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
SeqH
IF FEE FCS P
X
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU
X
EPC
F
VP
SP
SP

Bankia bipalmulata
Taxon: Bivalve
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Bivalvia
Subclass: Heterodonta Infraclass: Euheterodonta Superorder:
Order: Myoida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Pholadoidea Family: Teredinidae Subfamily: Bankiinae
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Bankia (Bankia) bipalmulata Convention
Bankia annamariae Synonym
Bankia hawaiiensis Synonym
Bankia konaensis Synonym
Type Locality: India?
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Lamarck, 1801)
Hawaii
1936
Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 14355
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:26:34 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
X X
AO PO
Comments: The "Southern Hemisphere" is considered the native region for Bankia bipalmulata (Carlton and Eldredge,
2009).
NEP
726

Bankia bipalmulata Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 23m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
O Sub-Shallow
O
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
P P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
727
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Chama fibula
Taxon: Bivalve
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Bivalvia
Subclass: Heterodonta Infraclass: Euheterodonta Superorder:
Order: Veneroida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Chamoidea Family: Chamidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Reeve, 1846
Chama asperella of WoRMS Ambiguous syn.
Chama hendersoni Synonym
Type Locality:
jewelbox
southern Chama
Hawaii

Chama fibula Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 50m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
X X
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY
Brackish Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
O
O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
729
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS
X
P
DD
RI X
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Chama lazarus
Taxon: Bivalve
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Bivalvia
Subclass: Heterodonta Infraclass: Euheterodonta Superorder:
Order: Veneroida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Chamoidea Family: Chamidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Lazarus jewel box
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Linnaeus, 1758
Hawaii
1996
Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A
X
AO PO
Comments:
Species ID: 14359
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:26:34 PM
P
REC
NEP
SF
HR
730
O

Chama lazarus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
O
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 70m] [Pref: 0 - 20m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
X X
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
731
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS
X
P
DD
RI X
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Chama macerophylla
Taxon: Bivalve
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Bivalvia
Subclass: Heterodonta Infraclass: Euheterodonta Superorder: Euheterodonta
Order: Veneroida Suborder: Neoheterodontei Infraorder:
Superfamily: Chamoidea Family: Chamidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Gmelin, 1791
Chama citrea Synonym
Chama elatensis of Coles et al; not Delsaerdt, 1986 Misidentified
Chama imbricata Synonym
Chama macerophylla var. sulphurea Poulsen, 1878 Synonym
Type Locality:
Hawaii
1996
Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
leafy jewelbox
rock oyster (Chama macerophylla)
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A
X
AO PO
Comments: Chama macerophylla was introduced into Guam but went extinct.
Species ID: 14360
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:26:34 PM
P
REC
NEP
SF
HR
732
O

Chama macerophylla Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
O
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 525m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
O
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
X X
Bathyal
O
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
P P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
733
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
X X
DD
RI X
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Chama pacifica
Taxon: Bivalve
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Bivalvia
Subclass: Heterodonta Infraclass: Euheterodonta Superorder: Euheterodonta
Order: Veneroida Suborder: Neoheterodontei Infraorder:
Superfamily: Chamoidea Family: Chamidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Chama aerruginosa Synonym reflexed jewel box
Chama broderipii Synonym
Chama carditaeformis Synonym
Chama claasseni Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Broderip, 1835
Hawaii
1950
Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 14361
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:26:34 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Coles et al. (2003) consider Chama pacifica as introduced to American Samoa. However, Paulay (2011)
classifies it as indigenous to Samoa and all of South Polynesia.
NEP
734
O

Chama pacifica Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
TP RI-PH X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 40m] [Pref: 0 - 20m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
O
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY
Brackish Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
735
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE
X
FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Corbicula fluminea
Taxon: Bivalve
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Bivalvia
Subclass: Heterodonta Infraclass: Euheterodonta Superorder:
Order: Veneroida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Cyrenoidea Family: Cyrenidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Corbicula fluminalis Synonym Asian clam (Corbicula fluminea)
Corbicula fluviatalis Synonym
Corbicula manilensis Synonym
Corbicula sinensis Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Müller, 1774)
1982
Hawaii
Yes
Hawaii
Species ID: 180
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:26:34 PM
NEP
1924
Vancouver Island, Canada
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X ID RE AP X REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR X A P X
X
AO PO X
X
Comments: Corbicula fluminea is primarily a freshwater clam, though it can occur in low salinity waters. It is a
hermaphrodite that is both cross- and self-fertilizing.
736
O

Corbicula fluminea Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
P
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 26.7m] [Pref: - 4m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
P
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
O
Lakes
P
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 20.9psu] [Pref: 0 - 2psu]
Fresh P Brackish P
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline P Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
P O O O O
K
Pelagic
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 72 - 92.7%] [Pref % Fines: - 72%]
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments Organic
P
O
P
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
X
SA
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
737
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DD
RI
RI-PH
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
H X G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
SeqH
IF FEE FCS
X
P
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Corbula amurensis
Taxon: Bivalve
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Bivalvia
Subclass: Heterodonta Infraclass: Euheterodonta Superorder: Euheterodonta
Order: Myoida Suborder: Myina Infraorder:
Superfamily: Myoidea Family: Corbulidae Subfamily: Corbulinae
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Schrenck, 1861
Corbula (Potamocorbula) amurensis Convention
Potamocorbula amurensis Synonym
Potamocorbula amurensis takatuayamaensis Synonym
Type Locality:
Hawaii
Amur River corbula
Asian clam (Corbula amurensis)
brackish-water corbula
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
Comments:
AO PO
Species ID: 1175
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:26:34 PM
NEP
1896
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
REC
SF
HR
738
O

Corbula amurensis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
P
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 46m] [Pref: 0 - 30m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0.4 - 33psu] [Pref: 5 - 16psu]
Fresh O Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline P Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
O O P P O O
K
Pelagic
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 2.19 - 100%] [Pref % Fines: - 88%]
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments Organic
O
O
O
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
739
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS
X
P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X X
F
VP
SP
SP

Crassostrea gigas
Taxon: Bivalve
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Bivalvia
Subclass: Pteriomorphia Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Ostreoida Suborder: Ostreina Infraorder:
Superfamily: Ostreoidea Family: Ostreidae Subfamily: Crassostreinae
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: Native/Stocked
Loc 1st record: Native/Stocked
Established: Yes
Taxonomic Author: (Thunberg, 1793)
Crassostrea angulata of WoRMS Synonym
Crassostrea talienwhanensis Synonym
Dioeciostrea hispaniola Synonym
Gryphaea angulata Synonym
Type Locality:
Hawaii
1939
Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii
Yes
Japanese oyster
Pacific cupper oyster
Pacific oyster
Species ID: 1551
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:26:34 PM
NEP
1875
Puget Sound, WA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X X AO PO
Comments: The introduced range of Crassostrea gigas in Asia is confused by the transport of different strains among
countries for aquaculture even though it may occur naturally within the ecoregion. Ecoregions in Asia with reported
imports from other areas are listed as conflicts. In the NEP, it is established in British Columbia and Washington.
740

Crassostrea gigas Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
TP RI-PH X X X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
O
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 7m] [Pref: 0 - 1m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
O
O
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 3 - 42psu] [Pref: 10 - 30psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper O
Oligohaline O Mesohaline P Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P O
O O P P P
K
Mixed Sediments
P
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P P
O O O
SynH
SA
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
741
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
H X G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
SeqH X IF FEE FCS P
X
X
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Crassostrea virginica
Taxon: Bivalve
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Bivalvia
Subclass: Pteriomorphia Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Ostreoida Suborder: Ostreina Infraorder:
Superfamily: Ostreoidea Family: Ostreidae Subfamily: Crassostreinae
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: 1956
Loc 1st record: Japan
Established: Unknown
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Gmelin, 1791)
Crassostrea brasiliana Synonym
Crassostrea brasiliensis Synonym
Crassostrea floridensis Synonym
Dioeciostrea americana Synonym
Type Locality:
Hawaii
1895
Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
American cupped oyster
American oyster
Atlantic oyster
Eastern oyster
Species ID: 1552
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:26:34 PM
NEP
1869
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X AO PO
Comments: The southern boundary of Crassostrea virginica in the Atlantic can only be verified to the Yucatan
Peninsula (Eastern Oyster Biol. Rev. Team, 2007). The only wild population in the NEP is in Boundary Bay, Canada
(Coan et al., 2000). C. virginica was introduced into Japan though its locations and establishment are not known.
742

Crassostrea virginica Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X TP RI-PH X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m] [Pref: 0 - 7.5m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 6 - 35psu] [Pref: 10 - 28psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline P Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
O P P P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
743
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS
X
P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Gemma gemma
Taxon: Bivalve
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Bivalvia
Subclass: Heterodonta Infraclass: Euheterodonta Superorder: Euheterodonta
Order: Veneroida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Veneroidea Family: Veneridae Subfamily: Gemminae
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Totten, 1834)
Cyrena purpurea Synonym
Gemma fretensis Synonym
Gemma tottenii Synonym
Parastarte concentrica Synonym
Type Locality:
Hawaii
amethyst gem clam
gem clam
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
AO X PO
Comments:
Species ID: 1173
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:26:34 PM
NEP
1893
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
REC
SF
HR
744
O

Gemma gemma Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
X X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
MAN
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m] [Pref: 0 - 5m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 5 - 100%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
P
P
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 5 - 31.4psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
O O P P
K
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
745
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS
X
P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Geukensia demissa
Taxon: Bivalve
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Bivalvia
Subclass: Pteriomorphia Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Mytiloida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Mytilidea Family: Mytilidae Subfamily: Modiolinae
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Dillwyn, 1817)
Arcuatula demissa Synonym
Ischadium demissa Synonym
Ischadium demissum Synonym
Modiola plicatula Synonym
Type Locality:
Hawaii
Northern ribbed mussel
ribbed mussel
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
Comments:
X
AO X PO
Species ID: 1177
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:26:34 PM
NEP
1894
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
REC
SF
HR
746
O

Geukensia demissa Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
X X TP RI-PH X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
P
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 30m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 42.42 - 72%] X
Sand Mix. Fines
P
Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 5 - 70psu] [Pref: 18 - 34psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper O
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P O
O O P P
K
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P O
P O O P O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
747
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS
X
P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Hiatella arctica
Taxon: Bivalve
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Bivalvia
Subclass: Heterodonta Infraclass: Euheterodonta Superorder: Euheterodonta
Order: Myoida Suborder: Myina Infraorder:
Superfamily: Hiatelloidea Family: Hiatellidae Subfamily: Hiatellidae
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Linnaeus, 1767)
Didonta bicarinata Synonym
Hiatella monoperta Synonym
Hiatella striata Synonym
Mya arctica Synonym
Type Locality: Arctic
Hawaii

Hiatella arctica Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
TP RI-PH X X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
O
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 1190m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep O
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
O
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
O
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 0 - 97%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
O
O
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 23 - 34.26psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
O P
K
X
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O O
P
O O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
749
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC X X
X X
X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Laternula marilina
Taxon: Bivalve
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Bivalvia
Subclass: Heterodonta Infraclass: Euheterodonta Superorder:
Order: Anomalodesmata Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Thracioidea Family: Laternulidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Reeve, 1863)
Anatina cristella Synonym
Anatina kamkurama Synonym
Anatina peichiliensis Synonym
Laternula (Exolaternula) marilina Convention
Type Locality:
Hawaii
Asian lanternshell
duck latern clam
littoral spoon clam
Sotoori-Gai
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
Comments:
AO PO X
Species ID: 3379
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:26:34 PM
NEP
1963
Coos Bay, Oregon
Yes
REC
SF
HR
750
O

Laternula marilina Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
X X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
MAN
X
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 25m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
O Sub-Shallow
O
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 7.4 - 40.3%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
O
P
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 7 - 34psu] [Pref: 27 - 30psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
O O O P
K
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
751
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Limnoperna fortunei
Taxon: Bivalve
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Bivalvia
Subclass: Pteriomorphia Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Mytiloida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Mytilidea Family: Mytilidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Dreissena siamensis Synonym golden mussel
Limnoperna depressa Synonym
Limnoperna lacustris Synonym
Limnoperna lemeslei Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record:

Limnoperna fortunei Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 10m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
O Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
P
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
X X
Bathyal
Lakes
P
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 12psu] [Pref: 0 - 3psu]
Fresh P Brackish P
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline P Mesohaline O Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
P O O O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
O
O P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
753
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS
X
P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Limnoperna securis
Taxon: Bivalve
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Bivalvia
Subclass: Pteriomorphia Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Mytiloida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Mytilidea Family: Mytilidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 1972
Loc 1st record: Lake Kojima, Okayama, Japan
Established: Yes
Taxonomic Author: (Lamarck, 1819)
Limnoperna fortunei kikuchii Synonym
Modiola fluviatilis Synonym
Modiola securis Synonym
Modiola vexillum Synonym
Type Locality:
Hawaii
black pygmy mussel
Koroen-kawahibarigai
Species ID: 3011993
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:26:34 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: Limnoperna securis (= Xenostrobus securis) was first reported from Japanese waters in 1972 from Lake
Kojima, Okayama (MEI, 2008).
NEP
754
O

Limnoperna securis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
O Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
X X
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 1 - 31psu] [Pref: 18 - 19psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline O Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
O O O O P O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P O
O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
755
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS
X
P
DD
RI X
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Lioconcha fastigiata
Taxon: Bivalve
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Bivalvia
Subclass: Heterodonta Infraclass: Euheterodonta Superorder: Euheterodonta
Order: Veneroida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Veneroidea Family: Veneridae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Lioconcha pseudofastigiata Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Sowerby, 1851)
Hawaii
1985
Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
Comments:
AO PO
Species ID: 170049
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:26:34 PM
REC
NEP
SF
HR
756
O

Lioconcha fastigiata Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
P
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 30m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
O Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines
P
Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY
Brackish Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
757
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS
X
P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU
X
EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Lyrodus affinis
Taxon: Bivalve
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Bivalvia
Subclass: Heterodonta Infraclass: Euheterodonta Superorder: Euheterodonta
Order: Myoida Suborder: Pholadina Infraorder:
Superfamily: Pholadoidea Family: Teredinidae Subfamily: Teredininae
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Teredo ?milleri of authors Misidentified
Teredo affinis Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Deshayes, 1863)
Hawaii
1923
Kauai, Hawaii
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A
X
Comments:
X
AO PO
Species ID: 14365
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:26:34 PM
P
REC
NEP
SF
HR
758
O

Lyrodus affinis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 23m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
O Sub-Shallow
O
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
P O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
759
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Lyrodus pedicellatus
Taxon: Bivalve
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Bivalvia
Subclass: Heterodonta Infraclass: Euheterodonta Superorder:
Order: Myoida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Pholadoidea Family: Teredinidae Subfamily: Teredininae
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Teredo arabica Synonym blacktip shipworm
Teredo calmani Synonym
Teredo chlorotica Synonym
Teredo dagmarae Synonym
Type Locality: Spain
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Quatrefages, 1849)
Hawaii
1902
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 1178
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:26:34 PM
NEP
1871
San Diego Bay, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
X
AO PO
Comments: The native distribution of the shipworm Lyrodus pedicellatus is unknown though Carlton and Eldredge
(2009) speculate that it is the “Southern Hemisphere”. It is considered introduced to the NEP, tropical Eastern Pacific,
Hawaii, and South Africa, and cryptogenic in Florida, which we extrapolate to the northern Caribbean.
760

Lyrodus pedicellatus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X TP RI-PH
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
O
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
P
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 2 - 62m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Pref: 29 - 36psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
P
P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O P
P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
761
H
Supralittoral
H
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B X LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP
X

Lyrodus takanoshimensis
Taxon: Bivalve
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Bivalvia
Subclass: Heterodonta Infraclass: Euheterodonta Superorder:
Order: Myoida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Pholadoidea Family: Teredinidae Subfamily: Teredininae
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Teredo dicroa Synonym Takanoshima shipworm
Teredo takanoshimensis Synonym
Type Locality: Takanoshima, Japan
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Roch, 1929)
Hawaii
Species ID: 3380
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:26:34 PM
NEP
1981
Ladysmith Harbor, B.C.
Unknown
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P X
AO PO X
Comments: Lyrodus takanoshimensis likely invaded British Columbia, Canada through infestation of the wooden crates
used to transport Pacific oyster seed. It is not known whether it is established.
762

Lyrodus takanoshimensis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
763
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Macoma petalum
Taxon: Bivalve
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Bivalvia
Subclass: Heterodonta Infraclass: Euheterodonta Superorder: Euheterodonta
Order: Veneroida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Tellinoidea Family: Tellinidae Subfamily: Macominae
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Macoma balthica of NEP authors in part Misidentified Baltic clam
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Valenciennes, 1821)
Hawaii
Species ID: 1174
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:26:34 PM
NEP
Early 1850s to early 1900s
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X X
AO X PO
Comments: Macoma petalum is recognized as genetically distinct from the boreal and European M. balthica (Vainola
2003). Its range along the Pacific Coast has not been determined, but there are introduced populations in the San
Francisco Estuary and other estuaries in central/northern California, Oregon, and Washington.
764

Macoma petalum Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X X
TP RI-PH
X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
O
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 11m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 94.78 - 100%] X
Sand Mix. Fines
P
Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 5.7 - 31psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
O O O O
K
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
765
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF X
DF-SUR X DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Martesia striata
Taxon: Bivalve
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Bivalvia
Subclass: Heterodonta Infraclass: Superorder: Euheterodonta
Order: Myoida Suborder: Pholadina Infraorder:
Superfamily: Pholadoidea Family: Pholadidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Linnaeus, 1758)
Hiata infelix Synonym
Martesia americana Synonym
Martesia hawaiensis Synonym
Martesia hawaiiensis Misspelling
Type Locality:
Hawaii
1915
Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Olepe-naka-loa
striate piddock
striated wood piddock
Species ID: 14366
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:26:34 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: The origin of Martesia striata is unknown but may be the southwestern Pacific Ocean. Carlton and Eldredge
(2009) consider it introduced into Hawaii while Paulay (2011) considers it cryptogenic. Thus, we list this as a conflict
for Hawaii.
766
NEP

Martesia striata Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
O
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 200m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR
X
CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
P
SynH
SA
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
767
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DD
RI
RI-PH
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
H X G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
SeqH
IF FEE
X
FCS P
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Mercenaria mercenaria
Taxon: Bivalve
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Bivalvia
Subclass: Heterodonta Infraclass: Euheterodonta Superorder:
Order: Veneroida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Veneroidea Family: Veneridae Subfamily: Venerinae
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 1996
Loc 1st record: Tokyo Bay, Japan
Established: Yes
Taxonomic Author: (Linnaeus, 1758)
Mercenaria mercenaria texana of authors Misidentified
Venus (Mercenaria) mercenaria Synonym
Venus mercenaria Synonym
Type Locality: Pennsylvania (montibus Sveciae fossilis), USA
No
Hawaii
cherrystone
hard shell clam
Hon-binosugai
quahog
Species ID: 1553
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:26:34 PM
NEP
1901
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P X
X
X X AO PO
Comments: The NWA clam Mercenaria mercenaria has established populations in the NEP, NWP, and Mediterranean,
and went extinct in Hawaii. According to Arnold et al. (2009), only M. campechiensis is native to Gulf of Mexico and
occurrences of M. mercenaria in the Gulf represent an introduction.
768

Mercenaria mercenaria Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
TP RI-PH
X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
P
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 15m] [Pref: 0 - 15m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 74 - 76%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
P
P
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 4 - 35psu] [Pref: 18 - 28psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline O Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
O O O P P
K
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
769
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
H X G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
SeqH
IF FEE FCS P
X
X
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Meretrix petechialis
Taxon: Bivalve
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Bivalvia
Subclass: Heterodonta Infraclass: Euheterodonta Superorder:
Order: Veneroida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Veneroidea Family: Veneridae Subfamily: Meretricinae
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Cytherea petechialis Synonym Chinese hard clam
Cytherea zonaria Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: 1969
Loc 1st record: Japan
Established: Unknown
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Lamark, 1818)
Hawaii
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A
X AO PO
Comments: Meretrix petechialis was introduced into Japan from China or Korea.
Species ID: 100751
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:26:34 PM
P
REC
NEP
SF
HR
770
O

Meretrix petechialis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
O
Sand
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
P Sub-Shallow
O
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 10 - 40psu] [Pref: - 30psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper O
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P O
O O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
771
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS
X
P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Musculista senhousia
Taxon: Bivalve
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Bivalvia
Subclass: Pteriomorphia Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Mytiloida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Mytilidea Family: Mytilidae Subfamily: Crenellinae
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Arcuatula senhousia Synonym
Brachidontes senhousia Synonym
Modiolus senhousia Synonym
Volsella senhausi Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Benson in Cantor, 1842)
Hawaii
Species ID: 524
Asian date mussel
date mussel
green mussel (Musculista senhousia)
Japanese mussel
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:26:34 PM
NEP
1924
Puget Sound, WA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X X
AO PO X
Comments: In the NEP, the green mussel, Musculista senhousia, can form extensive mats covering the bottom. It
appears to have gone extinct in Elkhorn Slough Estuary in central California (Wasson et al., 2001).
772
O

Musculista senhousia Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
X X
TP RI-PH X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
P
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 30m] [Pref: 0 - 4m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 1.56 - 99.19%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
O
P
O
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 17 - 37psu] [Pref: 20 - 30psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P O
O P P
K
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O O
P
P O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
773
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS
X
P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Mya arenaria
Taxon: Bivalve
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Bivalvia
Subclass: Heterodonta Infraclass: Euheterodonta Superorder:
Order: Myoida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Myoidea Family: Myidae Subfamily: Myinae
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: O. Europae septentrionalis (North Sea)
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Linnaeus, 1758
Mya elongata Synonym
Mya hemphilli Synonym
Mya japonica Synonym
Mya subtruncata Synonym
1923
Hawaii
No
Hawaii
Atlantic soft-shell clam
long-necked clam
softshell clam
steamer clam (Mya arenaria)
Species ID: 525
Print Date: 9/29/2012 4:55:36 PM
NEP
1874
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
X
X AO X PO
Comments: Mya arenaria is thought to have originally occupied the NWA, NEA, NEP, and NWP. During the
Pleistocene glaciation, it went extinct in the NEP, from southeast Alaska south, and the NEA (Strasser, 1999). It was
subsequently reintroduced to the U.S. Pacific coast with oyster shipments from the NWA.
774

Mya arenaria Print Date: 9/29/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X X
X X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
MAN
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 268m] [Pref: 0 - 10m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep O
P
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Lakes
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: - 100%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
P
P
O
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0.4 - 34psu] [Pref: 14 - 30psu]
Fresh O Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline P Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
O O O P P P
K
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
775
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS
X
P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Mytilopsis leucophaeata
Taxon: Bivalve
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Bivalvia
Subclass: Heterodonta Infraclass: Euheterodonta Superorder: Euheterodonta
Order: Veneroida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Dreissenoidea Family: Dreissenidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Conrad, 1831)
Congeria cochleata Synonym
Congeria leucophaeta Synonym
Dreissena cumingiana Synonym
Mytilus americanus Synonym
Type Locality:
Hawaii
Conrad’s false mussel
dark false mussel
Species ID: 5817
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:26:34 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: Mito and Uesugi (2004) list Mytilopsis leucophaeata [as Mystilopsis leucophaeta] as introduced to Japan,
but the specific locations are unknown.
NEP
776

Mytilopsis leucophaeata Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 55m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
P
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
X X
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 31psu] [Pref: 0 - 10psu]
Fresh P Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline P Mesohaline P Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
P P P P O O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
O O O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
777
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS
X
P
DD
RI X
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Mytilopsis sallei
Taxon: Bivalve
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Bivalvia
Subclass: Heterodonta Infraclass: Euheterodonta Superorder: Euheterodonta
Order: Veneroida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Dreissenoidea Family: Dreissenidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 1974
Loc 1st record: Shimizu City, Shizuoka, Japan
Established: Yes
Taxonomic Author: (Récluz, 1849)
Congeria sallei Synonym
Dreissena gundlachii Synonym
Dreissena mörchiana Synonym
Dreissena sallei Synonym
Type Locality:
Hawaii
black striped mussel
false mussel
Igai-damashi
Santo Domingo false mussel
Species ID: 3011997
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:26:34 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
X X
AO PO
Comments: Most authors report the introduced Mytilopsis in Asia and Indo-Pacific as the Atlantic and Caribbean M.
sallei. However, Wangkulangkul and Lheknim (2008) consider the species introduced in the NWP to be M. adamsi,
originally described from the Pacific side of Panama. In either case, this mussel would be nonindigenous in the NWP.
778
NEP

Mytilopsis sallei Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X TP RI-PH X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 3m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
O
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 50psu] [Pref: 9 - 27psu]
Fresh O Brackish O Marine O Hyper O
Oligohaline O Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O O
O O P P P P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
P P
O O
SynH
SA
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
779
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
H X G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
SeqH
IF FEE FCS P
X
X
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Mytilus galloprovincialis
Taxon: Bivalve
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Bivalvia
Subclass: Pteriomorphia Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Mytiloida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Mytilidea Family: Mytilidae Subfamily: Mytilinae
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 1932
Loc 1st record: Seto Inland Sea, Japan
Established: Yes
Taxonomic Author: Lamarck, 1819
Mytilus edulis diegensis Synonym
Mytilus edulis galloprovincialis Synonym
Mytilus edulis zhirmunskii Synonym
Type Locality:
Hawaii
1998
Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii
No
Species ID: 530
bay mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis)
blue mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis)
Mediterranean mussel
Murasaki-igai
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:26:34 PM
NEP
1947
Southern California
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
X AO PO X
Comments: In the NEP, the native Mytilus trossulus and the introduced M. galloprovincialis can only be distinguished
reliably using genetic analysis, and the two species can hybridize. M. galloprovincialis has become an abundant fouling
species in the NEP.
780

Mytilus galloprovincialis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
TP RI-PH X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
O
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 45m] [Pref: 0 - 8m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 5.28 - 96.42%] X
Sand
O
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 18 - 39.42psu] [Pref: 33 - 36psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P P
O O
K
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
P O P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
781
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Neotrapezium liratum
Taxon: Bivalve
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Bivalvia
Subclass: Heterodonta Infraclass: Euheterodonta Superorder: Euheterodonta
Order: Veneroida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Arcticoidea Family: Trapezidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Reeve, 1843)
Cypricardia lirata Synonym
Cypricardia liratum Synonym
Trapezium (Neotrapezium) liratum Convention
Trapezium japonicum Synonym
Type Locality: No locality
Hawaii
Japanese clam
quadrate trapezium
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
Comments:
X
AO PO X
Species ID: 3381
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:26:34 PM
NEP
1924
Puget Sound, WA
Yes
REC
SF
HR
782
O

Neotrapezium liratum Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X TP RI-PH X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 3m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
P Sub-Shallow
O
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 9 - 25psu]
Fresh Brackish P
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O O O O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P O
O
O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
783
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Nuttallia obscurata
Taxon: Bivalve
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Bivalvia
Subclass: Heterodonta Infraclass: Euheterodonta Superorder:
Order: Veneroida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Tellinoidea Family: Psammobiidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Reeve, 1857)
Nuttallia olivacea Synonym
Nuttallia solida Synonym
Psammobia olivacea Synonym
Type Locality:
Hawaii
dark mahogany clam
purple mahogany clam
purple mahogany-clam
varnish clam
Species ID: 2524
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:26:34 PM
NEP
1991
Puget Sound, WA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P X
X
AO PO X
Comments: Nuttallia obscurata, a native to the NWP, initially invaded Puget Sound in the earlier 1990s. It has since
been migrating southward, with a single shell found in Elkhorn Slough in central California in 2001 (CANOD, 2009).
784

Nuttallia obscurata Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 10m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
P Sub-Shallow
O
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 1.05 - 49.75%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
P
P
P
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 9.6 - 32.7psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
O O O O
K
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
785
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS
X
P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Ostrea edulis
Taxon: Bivalve
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Bivalvia
Subclass: Pteriomorphia Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Ostreoida Suborder: Ostreina Infraorder:
Superfamily: Ostreoidea Family: Ostreidae Subfamily: Ostreinae
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: 1952
Loc 1st record: Japan
Established: Unknown
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Linnaeus, 1758
Monoeciostrea europa Synonym
Ostrea adriatica Synonym
Ostrea boblayei Synonym
Ostrea corbuloides Synonym
Type Locality:
Hawaii
edible oyster
European flat oyster
Species ID: 2257
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:26:34 PM
NEP
1951
Puget Sound, WA
Yes
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X AO PO
Comments: The European flat oyster, Ostrea edulis, was introduced into the NEP but did not become established. It was
introduced into Japan in 1952 (Iwasaki, 2006) though the location and status of the population(s) are unknown.
786

Ostrea edulis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
TP RI-PH X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
P
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
P
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 30m] [Pref: 0 - 9m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
O
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 15 - psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
O O O
K
Mixed Sediments
O
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
O
SynH
SA
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
787
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
H X G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
SeqH
IF FEE FCS P
X
X
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Ostrea lurida
Taxon: Bivalve
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Bivalvia
Subclass: Pteriomorphia Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Ostreoida Suborder: Ostreina Infraorder:
Superfamily: Ostreoidea Family: Ostreidae Subfamily: Ostreinae
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Conchophylla lurida Synonym
Ostrea conchaphila of NEP authors in part Partial synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: 1948
Loc 1st record: Japan
Established: Unknown
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Carpenter, 1864
Hawaii
1893
Honolulu, Hawaii
No
Species ID: 101780
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:26:34 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X AO PO
Comments: Based on molecular data, Polson et al. (2009) separated Ostrea lurida and O. conchaphila. O. lurida
occurred from British Columbia, Canada south to the western side of Baja, Mexico. O. conchaphila was only found in
the Gulf of California. We assume that the species introduced into Hawaii and Japan was O. lurida.
788
Yes
NEP

Ostrea lurida Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
TP RI-PH X X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
O
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
Intertidal
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal O
O Sub-Shallow
O
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
O P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate O
C O
P
M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
789
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS
X
P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Panopea generosa
Taxon: Bivalve
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Bivalvia
Subclass: Heterodonta Infraclass: Euheterodonta Superorder:
Order: Myoida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Hiatelloidea Family: Hiatellidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 1998
Loc 1st record: Dalian, China
Established: Yes
Taxonomic Author: (Conrad, 1849)
Glycymeris estrellana Synonym
Mya abrupta Synonym
Panopaea fragilis Synonym
Panopaea generosa Misspelling
Type Locality: Columbia River, USA
Hawaii
geoduck
Pacific geoduck
Species ID: 1592
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:26:34 PM
Native
Native
Yes
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X AO PO
Comments: Panopea generosa (= P. abrupta; see Vadopalas et al., 2010) was introduced into the Yellow Sea in 1998
(Chen et al., 2006a). A "putative junior synonym", P. japonica, occurs from Sakhalin Island, Russia to Kyushu, Japan.
Because of taxonomic uncertainties, we list these northern populations of P. generosa as unclassified.
790
NEP

Panopea generosa Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
O
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 268m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
O
Lakes
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 4.93 - 37%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
P
P
O
P
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 27.5 - 33.1psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
P
P
K
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
791
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS
X
P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Patinopecten yessoensis
Taxon: Bivalve
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Bivalvia
Subclass: Pteriomorphia Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Pectinoida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Pectinoidea Family: Pectinidae Subfamily: Chlamydinae
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 1981
Loc 1st record: Liaoning and Shandong, China
Established: Yes
Taxonomic Author: (Jay, 1856)
Mizuhopecten yessoensis Synonym
Patinopecten tokyoensis Synonym
Pecten brandti Synonym
Pecten yessoensis Synonym
Type Locality:
Hawaii
giant ezo scallop
Japanese sea scallop
Japanese weathervane
Japanese weathervane scallop
Species ID: 4346
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:26:34 PM
NEP
1984
British Columbia, Canada
No
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X AO PO
Comments: Patinopecten yessoensis is native to Japan and western Russia. It was introduced into the Yellow Sea in
1981 and has established a wild population (Chen et al., 2006a). It is cultured in British Columbia and France, but
apparently has not established wild populations.
792

Patinopecten yessoensis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
O
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
P
DEPTH [Obs: 0.5 - 200m] [Pref: 4 - 30m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines
P
Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 18 - 34psu] [Pref: 30 - 34psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
793
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DD
RI
RI-PH
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
H X G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
SeqH
IF FEE FCS P
X
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU
X
EPC
F
VP
SP
SP

Pecten maximus
Taxon: Bivalve
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Bivalvia
Subclass: Pteriomorphia Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Pectinoida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Pectinoidea Family: Pectinidae Subfamily: Pectininae
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: late 1990s
Loc 1st record: China
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Linnaeus, 1758)
Chlamys maximus Synonym
Pecten maxima Convention
Type Locality:
Hawaii
great scallop
king scallop
Species ID: 100722
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:26:34 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X AO PO
Comments: Pecten maximus was introduced into China in the late 1990s from Europe and, according to Chen et al.
(2006a), has established a wild population in the Qingdao coastal waters.
NEP
794
O

Pecten maximus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
P
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
O
Sand
P
DEPTH [Obs: 0.5 - 183m] [Pref: 20 - 24m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel
P
Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 25 - psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
Mixed Sediments
O
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
795
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS
X
P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU
X
EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Perna viridis
Taxon: Bivalve
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Bivalvia
Subclass: Pteriomorphia Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Mytiloida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Mytilidea Family: Mytilidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 1967
Loc 1st record: Okitsu, Osaka Bay, Japan
Established: Yes
Taxonomic Author: (Linnaeus, 1758)
Chloromya samaradinus Synonym
Chloromya viridis Synonym
Mytilus opalus Synonym
Mytilus samaradinus Misspelling
Type Locality:
Hawaii
Asian green mussel
green lipped mussel
green mussel (Perna viridis)
Midori-igai
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
Comments:
X
AO PO
Species ID: 3011996
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:26:34 PM
REC
NEP
SF
HR
796
O

Perna viridis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 10m] [Pref: - 10m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
O Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
X X
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 18 - 80psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper O
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P O
O O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
O O O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
797
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS
X
P
DD
RI X
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Petricola lithophaga
Taxon: Bivalve
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Bivalvia
Subclass: Heterodonta Infraclass: Euheterodonta Superorder:
Order: Veneroida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Veneroidea Family: Veneridae Subfamily: Petricolinae
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Mya decussata Synonym Usukara-shiotsugai
Petricola costellata Synonym
Petricola rariflamma Synonym
Petricola rocellaria Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 1985
Loc 1st record: Sano, Osaka Bay, Japan
Established: Yes
Taxonomic Author: (Retzius, 1788)
Hawaii
Species ID: 3011998
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:26:34 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
X
AO PO
Comments: It is not certain that the "Petricola sp. cf. lithophaga" reported from Japan (Horikoshi and Okamoto, 2007a;
Iwasaki et al., 2004b) is the same as the European species, though the Japanese taxon is considered to be introduced.
NEP
798

Petricola lithophaga Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
O Sub-Shallow
O
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
X X
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
O
O P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
799
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI X
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Petricolaria pholadiformis
Taxon: Bivalve
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Bivalvia
Subclass: Heterodonta Infraclass: Euheterodonta Superorder: Euheterodonta
Order: Veneroida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Veneroidea Family: Veneridae Subfamily: Petricolinae
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Lamarck, 1818)
Gastranella tumida Synonym
Petricola carolinensis Synonym
Petricola flagellata Synonym
Petricola fornicata Synonym
Type Locality:
Hawaii
American piddock
false angelwing
Species ID: 1179
Print Date: 9/29/2012 4:58:09 PM
NEP
1927
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
AO X PO
Comments: Living populations of Petricolaria pholadiformis in the San Francisco Estuary have not been confirmed in
recent decades, though it is established in Willapa Bay, WA (Coan and Valentich-Scott, 2007).
800

Petricolaria pholadiformis Print Date: 9/29/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
TP RI-PH
X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
P
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 49m] [Pref: 0 - 0.3m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 65.81 - 65.81%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
O
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 7.5 - 35psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline P Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
O P P P
K
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP P
Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW
P
R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
801
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC X X
F
VP
SP
SP

Phacosoma gibba
Taxon: Bivalve
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Bivalvia
Subclass: Heterodonta Infraclass: Euheterodonta Superorder:
Order: Veneroida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Veneroidea Family: Veneridae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Dosinia (Phacosoma) gibba Synonym
Dosinia gibba Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record:

Phacosoma gibba Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
MAN
X
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 20m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
O Sub-Shallow
O
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
803
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP

Potamocorbula laevis
Taxon: Bivalve
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Bivalvia
Subclass: Heterodonta Infraclass: Euheterodonta Superorder: Euheterodonta
Order: Myoida Suborder: Myina Infraorder:
Superfamily: Myoidea Family: Corbulidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Corbula laevis Synonym hiratanumakodakigai
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Hinds, 1843)
Hawaii
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
AO PO
Comments:
Species ID: 100752
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:26:34 PM
REC
NEP
SF
HR
804
O
X

Potamocorbula laevis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
O
Sand
P
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 16m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines
P
Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 3.7 - 34psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
O O O O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
X
SA
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
805
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DD
RI
RI-PH
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
H X G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
SeqH X IF FEE FCS
X
P
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Saccostrea cucullata
Taxon: Bivalve
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Bivalvia
Subclass: Pteriomorphia Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Ostreoida Suborder: Ostreina Infraorder:
Superfamily: Ostreoidea Family: Ostreidae Subfamily: Crassostreinae
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Born, 1778)
Crassostrea commercialis of authors Misidentified
Crassostrea cucullata Synonym
Ostrea cuccullata Synonym
'Saccostrea cucullata' of Carlton and Eldredge, 2009 Partial synonym
Type Locality:
Hawaii
1996
Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
hooded oyster
Sydney cupped oyster
Species ID: 15655
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:26:34 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Genetic analysis indicates that Saccostrea cucullata is a complex (Lam and Morton, 2006), reported from
South Africa, Indian Ocean, Indo-Pacific, China, Australia, New Zealand. Introduced populations have been reported
from Hawaii (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009) and questionably the Mediterranean (Zenetos et al., 2010).
806
NEP

Saccostrea cucullata Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X TP RI-PH X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 392m] [Pref: 1 - 192m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep O
P
P
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: - 35psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
P
O P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
807
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS
X
P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Sphenia coreanica
Taxon: Bivalve
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Bivalvia
Subclass: Heterodonta Infraclass: Euheterodonta Superorder:
Order: Myoida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Myoidea Family: Myidae Subfamily: Cryptomyinae
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Sphenia ?coreanica of Coles et al., 1999 Synonym
Sphenia cf. fragilis of Long, 1974 Synonym
Sphenia luticola of Coles et al., 2009 Misidentified
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Habe, 1951
Hawaii
1968
Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 14467
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:26:34 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Sphenia coreanica is native to Japan. The identification in Hawaii is tentative until more mature specimens
are examined.
NEP
808

Sphenia coreanica Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X TP RI-PH X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 20m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
O Sub-Shallow
O
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel
O
Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
809
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU
X
EPC
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Spisula solidissima
Taxon: Bivalve
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Bivalvia
Subclass: Heterodonta Infraclass: Euheterodonta Superorder:
Order: Veneroida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Mactroidea Family: Mactridae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Mactra solidissima Synonym Atlantic surf clam
surf clam
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 2006
Loc 1st record: Qingdao, China
Established: Yes
Taxonomic Author: (Dillwyn, 1817)
Hawaii
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A
X X AO PO
Comments:
Species ID: 120170
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:26:34 PM
P
REC
NEP
SF
HR
810
O

Spisula solidissima Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
P
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
P
DEPTH [Obs: 1 - 128m] [Pref: - 36m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
P
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines
O
Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 25 - 35psu] [Pref: 28 - 35psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
811
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS
X
P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Teredo bartschi
Taxon: Bivalve
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Bivalvia
Subclass: Heterodonta Infraclass: Euheterodonta Superorder:
Order: Myoida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Pholadoidea Family: Teredinidae Subfamily: Teredininae
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Teredo aegyptia Synonym Bartsch shipworm
Teredo balatro Synonym
Teredo batilliformis Synonym
Teredo fragilis Synonym
Type Locality: Port Tampa, Florida, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Clapp, 1923
Hawaii
1935
Hilo Harbor, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 1554
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:26:34 PM
NEP
1920s
San Diego Bay, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: There is disagreement as to whether the southern hemisphere (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009) or Caribbean
(Coan et al., 2000) is the native region of Teredo bartschi. In either case, it is considered introduced in Hawaii, the
NEP, and Europe. We list it as unclassified in other areas until additional information becomes available.
812

Teredo bartschi Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 36m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 7 - 45psu] [Pref: 12 - 35psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper O
Oligohaline Mesohaline P Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P O
O P P P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P P P
SynH
SA
SeqH
X
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
813
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS
X
P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Teredo clappi
Taxon: Bivalve
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Bivalvia
Subclass: Heterodonta Infraclass: Euheterodonta Superorder:
Order: Myoida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Pholadoidea Family: Teredinidae Subfamily: Teredininae
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Teredo (Zopoteredo) clappi Convention
Teredo adanensis Synonym
Teredo clappi of Sivickis, 1928; not Bartsch, 1923 Misidentified
Teredo hermitensis Synonym
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Bartsch, 1923
Type Locality: Key West, Florida, USA (from hull of ship)
Hawaii
1922
Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 14468
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:26:34 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Teredo clappi is considered "Southern hemisphere" species (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009); thus we classify
the Australian populations as native.
NEP
814

Teredo clappi Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
O Sub-Shallow
O
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
815
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS
X
P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Teredo fulleri
Taxon: Bivalve
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Bivalvia
Subclass: Heterodonta Infraclass: Euheterodonta Superorder:
Order: Myoida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Pholadoidea Family: Teredinidae Subfamily: Teredininae
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Teredo (Zopoteredo) fulleri Synonym yellow-margin shipworm
Teredo bicorniculata Synonym
Teredo indomalaiica Synonym
Type Locality: West Indies
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Clapp, 1924
Hawaii
1935
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A
X
AO PO
Comments:
Species ID: 170050
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:26:34 PM
P
REC
NEP
SF
HR
816
O

Teredo fulleri Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
O Sub-Shallow
O
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 29 - 34psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
817
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS
X
P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Teredo furcifera
Taxon: Bivalve
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Bivalvia
Subclass: Heterodonta Infraclass: Euheterodonta Superorder: Euheterodonta
Order: Myoida Suborder: Pholadina Infraorder:
Superfamily: Pholadoidea Family: Teredinidae Subfamily: Teredininae
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Teredo bensoni Synonym deep-cleft shipworm
Teredo furcillatus Synonym
Teredo krappei Synonym
Teredo laciniata Synonym
Type Locality: Molucca Islands, Indonesia
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: von Martens, 1894
Hawaii

Teredo furcifera Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
O Sub-Shallow
O
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
P P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
819
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Teredo navalis
Taxon: Bivalve
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Bivalvia
Subclass: Heterodonta Infraclass: Euheterodonta Superorder:
Order: Myoida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Pholadoidea Family: Teredinidae Subfamily: Teredininae
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Linnaeus, 1758
Pholas teredo Synonym
Teredo beachi Synonym
Teredo borealis Synonym
Teredo japonica Synonym
Type Locality: Netherlands
Hawaii
Atlantic shipworm
naval shipworm
Species ID: 1180
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:26:34 PM
NEP
1913
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
X
AO PO
Comments: The shipworm Teredo navalis has been widely introduced over the globe. The NEA and Mediterranean are
considered possible native regions for T. navalis by some authors, while a number of European researchers consider it
cryptogenic in these areas (e.g, Zenetos et al., 2011).
820

Teredo navalis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 5 - 45psu] [Pref: 12 - 35psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper O
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P O
O O P P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P P O
SynH
X
SA
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
821
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X X
DD
RI
RI-PH
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
H X G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
SeqH
IF FEE FCS P
X
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Theora lubrica
Taxon: Bivalve
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Bivalvia
Subclass: Heterodonta Infraclass: Euheterodonta Superorder:
Order: Veneroida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Tellinoidea Family: Semelidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Endopleura lubrica Synonym Asian semele
Theora (Endopleura) lubrica Convention
Theora fragilis of NEP authors; not (Adams, 1855) Misidentified
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Gould, 1861
Hawaii
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
Comments:
AO PO
Species ID: 1176
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:26:34 PM
NEP
1968
Newport Bay, California
Yes
REC
SF
HR
822
O

Theora lubrica Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
TP RI-PH
X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
P
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 100m] [Pref: 0 - 50m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
P
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 5.19 - 99.19%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
P
O
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 27 - 34.87psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
P
P
K
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
823
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF X
DF-SUR X DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Venerupis philippinarum
Taxon: Bivalve
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Bivalvia
Subclass: Heterodonta Infraclass: Euheterodonta Superorder:
Order: Veneroida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Veneroidea Family: Veneridae Subfamily: Tapetinae
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Paphia bifurcata Synonym
Ruditapes philippinarum Synonym
Tapes philippinarum Synonym
Venerupis japonica Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Adams & Reeve, 1850)
Hawaii
1918
Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Japanese littleneck clam
Manila clam
okupi
pupu 'olepe
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
Comments:
X AO PO X X
Species ID: 859
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:26:34 PM
NEP
1924
Puget Sound, WA
Yes
REC
SF
X
HR
824
O

Venerupis philippinarum Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
TP RI-PH
X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
O
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 23.5m] [Pref: 0 - 10m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 0.6 - 96.6%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
O
P
O
P
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 10 - 34.65psu] [Pref: 24 - 31psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
O O P P
K
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
825
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS
X
P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
826

827
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Alderia modesta
Taxon: Gastropod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Heterobranchia Infraclass: Opisthobranchia Superorder:
Order: Sacoglossa Suborder: Plakobranchacea Infraorder:
Superfamily: Limapontioidea Family: Limapontiidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Alderia amphibia Synonym modest alderia
Alderia harvardiensis Synonym
Alderia scaldiana Synonym
Stiliger modestus Synonym
Type Locality: Norway
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: about 2001
Loc 1st record: Peter the Great Bay, Russia
Established: Unknown
Taxonomic Author: (Lovén, 1844)
Hawaii
Species ID: 14
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:28:24 PM
Native
Native
Yes
VECTORS
SH MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Genetic evidence indicates that Alderia modesta evolved in the Pacific and then migrated to the Atlantic
(Krug et al., 2007), though it is unclear whether this was a natural or human mediated transfer. The recent discovery of
A. modesta in the Sea of Japan is suggestive of an introduction, and we tentatively classify it as NIS in the NWP.
828
NEP

Alderia modesta Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
X X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
MAN
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 3.7m] [Pref: 0 - 0.2m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow
O
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Lakes
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 4.86 - 95.5%] X
Sand
O
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 5 - 40psu] [Pref: 25 - psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper O
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P O
O O P P
K
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA
P
MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
829
H
Supralittoral
O
H
X
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
Pelagic
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Benthic Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Amphithalamus inclusus
Taxon: Gastropod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Caenogastropoda Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Littorinimorpha Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Rissooidea Family: Barleeiidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Californian barley snail
Type Locality: San Diego, California, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Carpenter, 1864
Hawaii
1981
Kawaihae Harbor, Hawaii
Unknown
Species ID: 14697
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:28:24 PM
Native
Native
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: The establishment of Amphithalamus inclusus in Hawaii is unknown (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009).
NEP
830
O

Amphithalamus inclusus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
O
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: - 200m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR
X
CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B
O
Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
831
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Assiminea parasitologica
Taxon: Gastropod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Caenogastropoda Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Littorinimorpha Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Rissooidea Family: Assimineidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Kuroda, 1953
Hawaii
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
Comments:
AO PO
Species ID: 100529
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:28:24 PM
NEP
2007
Coos Bay, Oregon
Yes
REC
SF
HR
832
O

Assiminea parasitologica Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
TP RI-PH
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 0.01m] [Pref: 0 - 0.01m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
Bathyal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 25psu] [Pref: 0 - 25psu]
Fresh P Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline P Mesohaline P Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
P P P P P O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA
P
MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
833
H
Supralittoral
P
H
X
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU
X
EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Babakina festiva
Taxon: Gastropod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Heterobranchia Infraclass: Opisthobranchia Superorder:
Order: Nudibranchia Suborder: Dexiarchia Infraorder: Aeolidida
Superfamily: Flabellinoidea Family: Flabellinidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Babaina festiva Synonym single-stalk aeolis
Type Locality: California, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Roller, 1972)
Hawaii
Species ID: 3377
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:28:24 PM
NEP
1968
Southern California
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: Assuming that Babakina festiva is native to Japan (CANOD, 2009), we classify it as NIS in the NEP.
Because of the taxonomic uncertainties in identifying these nudibranchs (Gosliner et al., 2007), reports from the
Caribbean, Spain, New Zealand, and Brazil need to be confirmed.
834

Babakina festiva Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 7m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
X
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR
X
CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
835
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI X
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Batillaria attramentaria
Taxon: Gastropod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Caenogastropoda Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Cerithioidea Family: Batillariidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Batillaria cumingi Synonym Asian hornsnail
Cuming's false cerith
Japanese false cerith
Japanese mud snail
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Sowerby, 1855)
Hawaii
Species ID: 1556
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:28:24 PM
NEP
1924
Puget Sound, WA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
AO PO X
Comments: The introduced Batillaria attramentaria is competitively displacing the native snail, Cerithidea californica,
in the NEP. McLean (2007) synonymizes B. cumingi with B. attramentaria, though WoRMS lists both as valid species.
836

Batillaria attramentaria Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF
X
UV-SUB X X
TP RI-PH
X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
P
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
O
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 0.3m] [Pref: 0 - 0.3m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow
O
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines
O
Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
O O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
O
O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
837
H
Supralittoral
H
X
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU
X
EPC
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Boonea cincta
Taxon: Gastropod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Heterobranchia Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Pyramidelloidea Family: Pyramidellidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Chrysallida cincta Synonym
Odostomia cincta Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Carpenter, 1864)
Hawaii
1981
Kawaihae Harbor, Hawaii
Unknown
Species ID: 15829
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:28:24 PM
Native
Native
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: The establishment of Boonea cincta in Hawaii is unknown (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009).
NEP
SF
HR
838
O

Boonea cincta Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
TP RI-PH
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 12 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B
O
Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
839
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Bostrycapulus calyptraeiformis
Taxon: Gastropod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Caenogastropoda Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Littorinimorpha Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Calyptraeoidea Family: Calyptraeidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Bostrycapulus aculeatus in part Partial synonym hoof sheel
Bostrycapulus calyptraeformis Misspelling
Calyptraea echinus Synonym
Crepidula aculeata of authors Misidentified
Type Locality: Peru?
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Deshayes, 1830)
Hawaii
1913
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A
X
AO PO
Comments:
Species ID: 170047
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:28:24 PM
P
REC
NEP
SF
HR
840
O

Bostrycapulus calyptraeiformis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
O
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 50m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
X X
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
P O
SynH
SA
X
SeqH
X
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
841
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI X
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Busycotypus canaliculatus
Taxon: Gastropod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Caenogastropoda Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Neogastropoda Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Buccinoidea Family: Buccinidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Busycon canaliculatum Synonym channeled whelk
Fulgur canaliculatus Synonym
Murex canaliculatus Synonym
Pyrula canaliculatus Synonym
Type Locality: Ad Canadam
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Linnaeus, 1758)
Hawaii
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP X
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
AO X PO
X
Comments:
Species ID: 1189
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:28:24 PM
NEP
1938
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
REC
SF
X
HR
842
O

Busycotypus canaliculatus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
TP RI-PH
X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
P
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
P
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 50m] [Pref: 0 - 28m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines
P
Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 18 - psu]
Fresh Brackish P
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
843
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU
X
EPC
F
VP
SP
SP

Caloria indica
Taxon: Gastropod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Heterobranchia Infraclass: Opisthobranchia Superorder:
Order: Nudibranchia Suborder: Dexiarchia Infraorder: Aeolidida
Superfamily: Aeolidioidea Family: Facelinidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Learchis indica Synonym Indian nudibranch
Phidiana indica Synonym
Type Locality: India
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Bergh, 1896)
Hawaii
1968
Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 15542
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:28:24 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR X A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: In Hawaii, the introduced Caloria indica feeds on the introduced hydroid, Pennaria tiarella.
NEP
SF
HR
844
O

Caloria indica Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: - 15m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
X X
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY
Brackish Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
O O P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
845
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Catriona rickettsi
Taxon: Gastropod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Heterobranchia Infraclass: Opisthobranchia Superorder:
Order: Nudibranchia Suborder: Dexiarchia Infraorder: Aeolidida
Superfamily: Fionoidea Family: Tergipedidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Trinchesia sp of Behrens and Tuel, 1977 Synonym Doc's aeolid
Ricketts' aeolid
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Behrens, 1984
Type Locality: Port of Redwood City, San Francisco Bay, USA
Hawaii
Species ID: 1190
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:28:24 PM
NEP
1974
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: Cohen and Carlton (1995) consider the origin of Catriona rickettsi to be unknown, while CANOD (2009)
lists it as Japan. It is considered a NIS in the NEP based on its recent discovery (1974) in San Francisco and subsequent
discovery in other estuaries. We tentatively classify it as native in Japan though we have no specific locations.
846

Catriona rickettsi Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 18m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
X
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR
X
CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P O O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
847
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI X
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Cecina manchurica
Taxon: Gastropod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Caenogastropoda Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Littorinimorpha Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Rissooidea Family: Pomatiopsidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
kubikiregai-modoki
Manchurian cecina
Type Locality: Olga and Vladimir Bays, Manchuria
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Adams, 1861
Hawaii
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
Comments:
AO PO X
Species ID: 1557
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:28:24 PM
NEP
1961
Puget Sound, WA
Yes
REC
SF
HR
848
O

Cecina manchurica Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
TP RI-PH
X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
O
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
O
P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
849
H
Supralittoral
O
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF X
DF-SUR X DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU
X
EPC X
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Chrysallida trachis
Taxon: Gastropod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Heterobranchia Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Pyramidelloidea Family: Pyramidellidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Dall & Bartsch, 1909)
Hawaii
1981
Kawaihae Harbor, Hawaii
Unknown
Species ID: 223399
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:28:24 PM
Native
Native
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: The establishment of Chrysallida trachis in Hawaii is unknown (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009).
NEP
HR
850
O

Chrysallida trachis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
TP RI-PH
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 12 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B
O
Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
851
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Crepidula convexa
Taxon: Gastropod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Caenogastropoda Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Littorinimorpha Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Calyptraeoidea Family: Calyptraeidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Say, 1822
Crepidula acuta Synonym
Crepidula glauca Synonym
Crypta convexa Synonym
Crypta glauca Synonym
Type Locality: Cape May, New Jersey, USA (neotype)
Hawaii
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
AO X PO
Comments:
Species ID: 1181
common Atlantic slippersnail (Crepidula convexa)
convex slipper shell
slipper shell
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:28:24 PM
NEP
1898
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
REC
SF
HR
852
O

Crepidula convexa Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
TP RI-PH X X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 7m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 95.07 - 96.55%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
O
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 12 - 26psu] [Pref: 20 - 26psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
O P P
K
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
O
O O
SynH
SA
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
853
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
H X G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
SeqH
IF FEE FCS P
X
X
DD
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Crepidula fornicata
Taxon: Gastropod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Caenogastropoda Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Littorinimorpha Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Calyptraeoidea Family: Calyptraeidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Linnaeus, 1758)
Crepidula densata Synonym
Crepidula maculata Synonym
Crepidula riisei Synonym
Crypta densata Synonym
Hawaii
Species ID: 1559
common Atlantic slipper-shell
common Atlantic slippersnail (Crepidula fornicata)
slipper limpet
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:28:24 PM
NEP
1905
Puget Sound, WA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X X
AO X PO
Comments: The Crepidula fornicata previously reported from Humboldt Bay, California were shown to be C. convexa
based on mtDNA (McGlashan et al., 2008). It is possible that some of the other reports of C. fornicata in the NEP may
actually be C. convexa.
854

Crepidula fornicata Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
TP RI-PH X X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 79m] [Pref: 0 - 49m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
P
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
O
O
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 14 - 35.6psu] [Pref: - 30psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline P Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
P P P
K
Mixed Sediments
O
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P O
P O O
SynH
SA
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
855
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
H X G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
SeqH
IF FEE FCS P
X
X
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Crepidula onyx
Taxon: Gastropod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Caenogastropoda Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Littorinimorpha Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Calyptraeoidea Family: Calyptraeidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 1968
Loc 1st record: Miura Peninsula, Japan
Established: Yes
Taxonomic Author: Sowerby, 1824
Calyptraea amygdalus Synonym
Crepidula rugosa of Carpenter, 1856; not Anton, 1839 Misidentified
Type Locality:
Hawaii
onyx slipper shell
simamenou-funegai
Species ID: 204
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:28:24 PM
NEP
2005
Puget Sound, WA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Crepidula onyx is native to central and southern California. It was introduced into Puget Sound, WA in
2005 (Collin et al., 2006). Because reports of C. onyx from Panama south are likely another species, we list it as native
but not established in the southern range, though this requires additional study.
856

Crepidula onyx Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 200m] [Pref: 0 - 29m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
TP RI-PH X X
X X
X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Lakes
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 2.98 - 74.07%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
O
O
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 15 - 34psu] [Pref: 32 - 34psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
O O O
K
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
P O P
SynH
SA
X
SeqH
X
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
857
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Crepidula plana
Taxon: Gastropod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Caenogastropoda Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Littorinimorpha Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Calyptraeoidea Family: Calyptraeidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Crepidula lamina Synonym Eastern white slipper shell
Crepidula rhyssema Synonym
Crepidula triangula Synonym
Crypta plana Synonym
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Say, 1822
Type Locality: Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA (neotype)
Hawaii
Species ID: 1182
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:28:24 PM
NEP
1901
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X X
AO X PO
Comments: We list Crepidula plana as introduced in the NEP. However, Collin et al. (2006) concluded it is difficult to
verify introductions of C. plana in the NEP because of the difficulty in distinguishing it from native C. perforans, C.
williamsi, C. fimbriata, and C. explanata, as well as “flat white species of Crepidula from other parts of the world.”
858

Crepidula plana Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
O
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 110m] [Pref: 1 - 73m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
P
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
X X
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 15 - 30psu] [Pref: 19 - 30psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
O P P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
O
SynH
SA
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
859
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DD
RI X
RI-PH
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
H X G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
SeqH
IF FEE FCS P
X
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Crucibulum spinosum
Taxon: Gastropod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Caenogastropoda Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Littorinimorpha Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Calyptraeoidea Family: Calyptraeidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Sowerby, 1824)
Calyptraea spinosa Synonym
Crucibulum maculata Synonym
Crucibulum peziza Synonym
Crucibulum tubifera Synonym
Type Locality:
Hawaii
1946
Honolulu Harbor, Hawaii
Yes
spiny cup-and-saucer
spiny cup-and-saucer snail
Species ID: 4620
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:28:24 PM
Native
Native
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
Comments:
X
AO PO
REC
NEP
SF
HR
860
O

Crucibulum spinosum Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
TP RI-PH X X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 55m] [Pref: 0 - 8m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 8.59 - 89.8%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
O
O
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 31 - 33psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
O O
SynH
SA
X
SeqH
X
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
861
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Cuthona columbiana
Taxon: Gastropod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Heterobranchia Infraclass: Opisthobranchia Superorder:
Order: Nudibranchia Suborder: Dexiarchia Infraorder: Aeolidida
Superfamily: Fionoidea Family: Tergipedidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 1997
Loc 1st record: Sea of Japan
Established: Yes
Taxonomic Author: (O'Donoghue, 1922)
Amphorina columbiana Synonym
Catriona alpha Synonym
Catriona columbiana Synonym
Cuthona alpha Synonym
Type Locality:
Hawaii
British Columbia aeolid.
red-tentacled cuthona
Species ID: 7092
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:28:24 PM
Native
Native
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
Comments:
X
AO PO
REC
NEP
SF
HR
862
O

Cuthona columbiana Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
SynH
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
O Sub-Shallow
O
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR
X
CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY
Brackish Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
K
Mixed Sediments
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI X
RI-PH
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P O
863
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Cuthona perca
Taxon: Gastropod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Heterobranchia Infraclass: Opisthobranchia Superorder:
Order: Nudibranchia Suborder: Dexiarchia Infraorder: Aeolidida
Superfamily: Fionoidea Family: Tergipedidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Catriona perca Synonym Lake Merritt cuthona
Cuthona reflexa Synonym
Trinchesia perca Synonym
Trinchesia sp. of Carlton, 1979 Synonym
Type Locality: Brazil
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: 1992
Loc 1st record: Japan
Established: Unknown
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Marcus, 1958)
Hawaii
1972
Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 1192
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:28:24 PM
NEP
1967
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: In the NEP, Cuthona perca has only been reported from Lake Merritt, a lagoon of the San Francisco
Estuary. Carlton and Eldredge (2009) consider C. perca native to the NWA, though USGS NAS and NEMESIS list it as
introduced in Florida and Chesapeake Bay. We list these as conflicts and the West Tropical Atlantic as unclassified.
864

Cuthona perca Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR
X
CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 18 - 34psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
O O O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P O P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
865
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Diodora rueppellii
Taxon: Gastropod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Vetigastropoda Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Fissurelloidea Family: Fissurellidae Subfamily: Diodorinae
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Capiluna ruepellii Synonym Ruppell's keyhole limpet
Diodora ruppelli Misspelling
Diodora ruppellii Misspelling
Fissurella ruppelli Synonym
Type Locality: Red Sea
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Sowerby, 1835)
Hawaii
1962
Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR X A P
X
Comments:
X
AO PO
Species ID: 15578
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:28:24 PM
REC
NEP
SF
HR
866
O

Diodora rueppellii Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
TP RI-PH X X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 70m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
O
O
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
Mixed Sediments
O
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
867
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS
X
P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Evalea cf. americana
Taxon: Gastropod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Heterobranchia Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Pyramidelloidea Family: Pyramidellidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Odostomia cf. americana Ambiguous syn.
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author:
Hawaii
1981
Kawaihae Harbor, Hawaii
Unknown
Species ID: 101887
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:28:24 PM
Native
Native
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: Carlton and Eldredge (2009) consider Evalea cf. americana native to the NEP. Its establishment in Hawaii
is unknown.
NEP
868

Evalea cf. americana Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
TP RI-PH
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 12 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B
O
Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
869
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Folinella navisa
Taxon: Gastropod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Heterobranchia Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Pyramidelloidea Family: Pyramidellidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ivadella navisa Misspelling
Ividella navisa Synonym
Odostomia navisa Synonym
Odostomia (Ividella) navisa Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Dall & Bartsch, 1907)
Hawaii
1981
Kawaihae Harbor, Hawaii
Unknown
Species ID: 15830
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:28:24 PM
Native
Native
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: Carlton and Eldredge (2009) list Ividella navisa is a NEP species introduced to Hawaii, though its
establishment status is unknown. However, WoRMS lists I. navisa as a synonym of Folinella navisa, which has been
reported from the Gulf of Mexico (Rosenberg et al., 2009). The Gulf of Mexico record needs to be verified (Malacolog).
870
NEP

Folinella navisa Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
TP RI-PH
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 12 - 93m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B
O
Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
871
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Haliotis fulgens
Taxon: Gastropod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Vetigastropoda Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Haliotoidea Family: Haliotidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
blue abalone
green abalone
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: mid-1980s
Loc 1st record: Dalian, China
Established: Yes
Taxonomic Author: Philippi, 1845
Hawaii
Species ID: 5309
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:28:24 PM
Native
Native
Yes
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X AO PO
Comments: Haliotis fulgens is listed as a species of concern in Southern California. It was introduced into the Yellow
Sea in the 1980s and is considered to have established wild populations.
NEP
872

Haliotis fulgens Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 18m] [Pref: 2 - 3m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
O Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR
X
CR O/M
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY
Brackish Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
873
H
Supralittoral
H
X
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS
X
P
DD
RI X
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Haliotis iris
Taxon: Gastropod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Vetigastropoda Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Haliotoidea Family: Haliotidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Haliotis (Paua) iris Convention rainbow abalone
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 1990s - 2000
Loc 1st record: Yellow Sea?
Established: Unknown
Taxonomic Author: Gmelin, 1791
Hawaii
Species ID: 100719
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:28:24 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X AO PO
Comments: Chavanich et al. (2010) report the purposeful introduction of the New Zealand abalone, Haliotis iris, into
China while Seo and Lee (2008) report it as introduced into Korea. Though neither paper gives any specific locations,
we assume that the introduced locations include the Yellow Sea.
874
NEP

Haliotis iris Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR
X
CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY
Brackish Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
875
H
Supralittoral
H
X
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS
X
P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Haliotis kamtschatkana
Taxon: Gastropod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Vetigastropoda Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Haliotoidea Family: Haliotidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
pinto abalone
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 1932
Loc 1st record: Japan and Korea
Established: Yes
Taxonomic Author: Jonas, 1845
Hawaii
Species ID: 8819
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:28:24 PM
Native
Native
Yes
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X AO PO
Comments: Iwasaki (2006) states that Haliotis kamtschatkana was first reported in Japanese waters in the 1980s.
However, Nomura (1932) reports it from beach deposits in Japan and living populations in “Northern to Western Japan.
Korea. Japan Sea. Kamtchatka.” We list the NWP as a conflict, with the possibility of both native and introduced
populations.
876
NEP

Haliotis kamtschatkana Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 30m] [Pref: 12 - 17m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
O Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR
X
CR O/M
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY
Brackish Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
877
H
Supralittoral
H
X
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS
X
P
DD
RI X
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Haliotis laevigata
Taxon: Gastropod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Vetigastropoda Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Haliotoidea Family: Haliotidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Korea
Established: Unknown
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Donovan, 1808
Haliotis albicans Synonym
Haliotis excisa Synonym
Haliotis glabra Synonym
Type Locality:
Hawaii
greenlip abalone
green-lip Abalone
Species ID: 100716
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:28:24 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X AO PO
Comments: The Australian abalone, Haliotis laevigata, was introduced into southern China presumably for aquaculture.
Seo and Lee (2008) also report it as introduced into Korea though no specific locations are given. It is not known
whether it is established in the wild in southern China or the NWP in general.
878
NEP

Haliotis laevigata Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 10 - 30m] [Pref: 10 - 30m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
X X
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
879
H
Supralittoral
H
X
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS
X
P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Haliotis rufescens
Taxon: Gastropod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Vetigastropoda Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Haliotoidea Family: Haliotidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
red abalone (Haliotis rufescens)
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: mid-1980s
Loc 1st record: Dalian, China
Established: Yes
Taxonomic Author: Swainson, 1822
Hawaii
Species ID: 4600
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:28:24 PM
Native
Native
Yes
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X AO PO
Comments: Iwasaki (2006) states that Haliotis rufescens was first introduced into Japan in 1966, though no specific
locations are given. UNDP/GEF (2007) reports it from Dalian, China in the mid-1980s.
NEP
880
O

Haliotis rufescens Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
O
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 80m] [Pref: 6 - 17m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR
X
CR O/M
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY
Brackish Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
881
H
Supralittoral
H
X
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS
X
P
DD
RI X
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Haliotis tuberculata
Taxon: Gastropod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Vetigastropoda Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Haliotoidea Family: Haliotidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Haliotus tuberculata Misspelling green ormer
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: 1980s
Loc 1st record: Japan
Established: Unknown
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Linnaeus, 1758
Hawaii
Species ID: 220164
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:28:24 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X AO PO
Comments: According to Iwasaki (2006) Haliotis tuberculata was introduced into Japan, though no specific sites were
given and it is not known if it has become established in the wild. According to WoRMS, H. tuberculata occurs in
Europe but is absent from British and Irish mainlands.
882
NEP

Haliotis tuberculata Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
O
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 40m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR
X
CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY
Brackish Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
883
H
Supralittoral
H
X
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS
X
P
DD
RI X
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Haminoea japonica
Taxon: Gastropod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Heterobranchia Infraclass: Opisthobranchia Superorder:
Order: Cephalaspidea Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Haminoeoidea Family: Haminoeidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
?Haloa rotundata Synonym
Haloa japonica Synonym
Haminea binotata var. japonica Synonym
Haminoea callidegenita Synonym
Type Locality: Nemoto, Boshiu, Japan
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Pilsbry, 1895
Hawaii
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
Comments:
AO PO X
Species ID: 10174
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:28:24 PM
NEP
1985
Puget Sound, WA
Yes
REC
SF
HR
884
O

Haminoea japonica Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
TP
X
RI-PH
X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
P Sub-Shallow
O
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
P
P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
P
O P
SynH
SA
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
885
Supralittoral
H
X
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
H X G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
SeqH
IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B X LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Ilyanassa obsoleta
Taxon: Gastropod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Caenogastropoda Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Neogastropoda Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Buccinoidea Family: Nassariidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Say, 1822)
Nassa obsoleta Synonym
Nassarius obsoletus Synonym
Type Locality:
Hawaii
Eastern mud nassa
Eastern mudsnail
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR X A P
AO X PO
Comments:
Species ID: 1183
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:28:24 PM
NEP
1907
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
REC
SF
HR
886
O

Ilyanassa obsoleta Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X X
TP RI-PH
X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
P
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 13m] [Pref: 0 - 0.2m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 90 - 90%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
O
O
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 10 - 32psu] [Pref: 28 - psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
O O P
K
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
887
H
Supralittoral
H
X
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
DF X
DF-SUR X DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU
X
EPC
X X
F
VP
SP
SP

Iolaea eucosmia
Taxon: Gastropod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Heterobranchia Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Pyramidelloidea Family: Pyramidellidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Odostomia eucosmia Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Dall & Bartsch, 1909
Hawaii
1981
Kawaihae Harbor, Hawaii
Unknown
Species ID: 223400
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:28:24 PM
Native
Native
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
Comments:
X
AO PO
REC
NEP
SF
HR
888
O

Iolaea eucosmia Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
TP RI-PH
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
O
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 4.7 - 12m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: - 76%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
K
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B
O
Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
889
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Laguncula pulchella
Taxon: Gastropod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Caenogastropoda Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Littorinimorpha Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Naticoidea Family: Naticidae Subfamily: Polinicinae
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Euspira fortunei Synonym
Natica fortunei Synonym
Natica gilva Synonym
Natica tenuis Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: late 1980s
Loc 1st record: Shizuoka, Japan
Established: Yes
Taxonomic Author: Benson, 1842
Hawaii
Species ID: 220067
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:28:24 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
AO PO
Comments: Laguncula pulchella (=Euspira fortunei) is native to southern Japan, Korea and China but since 1999 it has
occurred in northern Japan following the introduction of imported seed of Venerupis philippinarum (= Ruditapes
philippinarum) from China or Korea.
890
NEP

Laguncula pulchella Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
P Sub-Shallow
O
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish P
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
891
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU
X
EPC
F
VP
SP
SP

Littoridinops monroensis
Taxon: Gastropod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Caenogastropoda Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Littorinimorpha Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Rissooidea Family: Hydrobiidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Amnicola forsythi Synonym cockscomb hydrobe
Amnicola oscitans Synonym
Bythinella monroensis Synonym
Hydrobia monroensis Synonym
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Frauenfeld, 1863)
Type Locality: Lake Monroe, Volusia County, Florida, USA
Hawaii
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP X
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
X
Comments:
Species ID: 100525
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:28:24 PM
NEP
1999
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
REC
SF
HR
892
O

Littoridinops monroensis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR
UV-CS UV-TF
X
UV-SUB X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
MAN
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 3m] [Pref: 0 - 0.25m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow
O
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 24psu] [Pref: 13.9 - 17.9psu]
Fresh O Brackish P
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline P Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O O O P O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA
P
MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
893
H
Supralittoral
H
X
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU
X
EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Littorina littorea
Taxon: Gastropod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Caenogastropoda Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Littorinimorpha Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Littorinoidea Family: Littorinidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Littorina (Littorina) littorea Convention common periwinkle
Turbo littoreus Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 1970
Loc 1st record: Enoshima, Japan
Established: Unknown
Taxonomic Author: (Linnaeus, 1758)
Hawaii
Species ID: 1542
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:28:24 PM
NEP
1937
Puget Sound, WA
Unknown
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P X X
X X
AO X PO
Comments: Littorina littorea has been found on several occasions in the San Francisco Estuary, though it is not known
whether they have established a reproducing population there or in the NEP in general.
894

Littorina littorea Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 40m] [Pref: 0 - 1m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
TP RI-PH X X
X X
X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
P
Sand
P
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines
O
Gravel Cobble
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 10 - 32psu] [Pref: 25 - 30psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
O O P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
895
H
Supralittoral
H
X
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
VP
SP
SP

Littorina saxatilis
Taxon: Gastropod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Caenogastropoda Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Littorinimorpha Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Littorinoidea Family: Littorinidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Olivi, 1792)
Littorina castanea Deshayes in Deshayes & Milne Edwards, Synonym
Littorina neglecta Synonym
Littorina rudis Synonym
Littorina tenebrosa Synonym
Type Locality: Venice, Italy
Hawaii
Northern rough periwinkle
rough periwinkle
Species ID: 1194
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:28:24 PM
NEP
1993
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P X
X X
AO PO
Comments: Reports of the Atlantic Littorina saxatilis in Puget Sound, Washington need to be confirmed
SF
X
HR
896
O

Littorina saxatilis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X X
TP RI-PH X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
O
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
O
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 2.8m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
O
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 5 - 33.4psu] [Pref: 24.6 - 34psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline O Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
O O O P P
K
Mixed Sediments
O
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA
P
MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
897
H
Supralittoral
O
H
X
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Melanoides tuberculata
Taxon: Gastropod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Caenogastropoda Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Cerithioidea Family: Thiaridae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Melanoides tuberculatus Convention red-rim melania
Nerita tuberculata Synonym
Thiara (Melanoides) tuberculata Synonym
Thiara tuberculata Synonym
Type Locality: Coromandel coast of India
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Japan
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Müller, 1774)
Hawaii
1994
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 1184
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:28:24 PM
NEP
1972
Riverside County, California
Yes
VECTORS
SH MS AF X ID RE AP X REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
AO PO
X X
Comments: Melanoides tuberculata is a freshwater snail though it may extend into estuarine waters. It is thought to be
native to East Africa, Middle East, south-east Asian mainland, and northern Australia. It is introduced in the NEP
(CANOD, 2009), Hawaii (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009), and Japan (Mito and Uesugi, 2004).
898

Melanoides tuberculata Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
MAN
X
DEPTH [Obs: 2.5 - 22m] [Pref: - 2.5m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
O
Bathyal
Rivers
P
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 33psu] [Pref: 0 - psu]
Fresh P Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
O O O O O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O O
SynH
SA
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
899
H X
SeqH
Supralittoral
H
X
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET
X
DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF X
DF-SUR X DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU
X
EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Myosotella myosotis
Taxon: Gastropod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Heterobranchia Infraclass: Pulmonata Superorder:
Order: Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Ellobioidea Family: Ellobiidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Draparnaud, 1801)
Alexia myosotis Synonym
Auricula myosotis Synonym
Melampus myostis Synonym
Ovatella myosotis Synonym
Type Locality:
Hawaii
European ovatella
mouse-ear marshsnail
mouse-ear ovatella
salt marsh snail
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP X
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
Comments:
AO X PO
X
Species ID: 1195
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:28:24 PM
NEP
1871
San Fransico Estuary, CA
Yes
REC
SF
HR
900
O

Myosotella myosotis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF
X
UV-SUB X
TP RI-PH
X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
P
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 67 - 93%] X
Sand Mix. Fines
O
Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 1 - 31psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
O O O O O O
K
Pelagic
Organic
P
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
P
O P
SynH
SA
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
901
Supralittoral
O
H
X
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
H X G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
SeqH
IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC X
X X
X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Nassarius fraterculus
Taxon: Gastropod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Caenogastropoda Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Neogastropoda Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Buccinoidea Family: Nassariidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Hima fratercula Synonym Japanese nassa
Hima fraterculus Convention
Nassa fraterculus Synonym
Nassa hypolia Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Dunker, 1860)
Hawaii
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
AO PO X
Comments:
Species ID: 1560
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:28:24 PM
NEP
1959
Boundary Bay, Puget Sound
Yes
REC
SF
HR
902
O

Nassarius fraterculus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
TP RI-PH
X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
P
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
O
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 10m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
P Sub-Shallow
O
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 25 - 35psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic O
Artificial Substrate
C O
O
M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
903
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S
X
DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF X
DF-SUR X DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU
X
EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Nassarius sinarus
Taxon: Gastropod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Caenogastropoda Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Neogastropoda Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Buccinoidea Family: Nassariidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Buccinum sinarum Synonym Kara-mushiro
Mitrella martensi of NWP authors Misidentified
Nassa semiplicata Synonym
Nassarius (Tritonella) semiplicatus Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 2000
Loc 1st record: Ariake Inland Sea, Japan
Established: Yes
Taxonomic Author: (Philippi, 1851)
Hawaii
Species ID: 3011995
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:28:24 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Nassarius sinarus is native to China and Korea. It was introduced into eastern Japan with the importation of
the clam Venerupis philippinarum (= Ruditapes philippinarum).
NEP
904

Nassarius sinarus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
O
Sand
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish P
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
905
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S
X
DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU
X
EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Ocenebra inornata
Taxon: Gastropod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Caenogastropoda Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Neogastropoda Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Muricoidea Family: Muricidae Subfamily: Ocenebrinae
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Récluz, 1851)
Ceratostoma inornatum Synonym
Ocenebra japonica Synonym
Ocinebrellus inornatus Synonym
Ocinebrina inornata Synonym
Type Locality:
Hawaii
Asian drill
Japanese dwarf triton
Japanese oyster drill
Japanese rocksnail
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
AO PO X
Comments:
Species ID: 1558
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:28:24 PM
NEP
1924
Puget Sound, WA
Yes
REC
SF
HR
906
O

Ocenebra inornata Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
TP RI-PH X X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
O
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 2m] [Pref: 0 - 2m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
O
O
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 19 - psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O
P
M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
907
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
VP
SP
SP

Odetta bisuturalis
Taxon: Gastropod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Heterobranchia Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Pyramidelloidea Family: Pyramidellidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Boonea bisuturalis Synonym two-groove odostome
Menestho bisuturalis Synonym
Odostomia bisuturalis Synonym
Turritella bisuturalis Synonym
Type Locality: Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Say, 1812)
Hawaii
Species ID: 1188
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:28:24 PM
NEP
1962
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
AO X PO
Comments: Odetta bisuturalis (= Boonea bisuturalis) is an ectoparasite of the Atlantic oyster, Crassostrea virginica, and
several other bivalves and gastropods. McLean (2007) lists Odetta bisuturalis as the valid name while WoRMS lists
Boonea bisuturalis as the valid name.
908

Odetta bisuturalis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
TP RI-PH X X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
X
Mud
O
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 13.4m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 91 - 91%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 16 - psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
O O O
K
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
O
SynH
X
SA
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
909
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
H X G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
SeqH
IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC X
X
X X
F
VP
SP
SP

Okenia eolida
Taxon: Gastropod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Heterobranchia Infraclass: Opisthobranchia Superorder:
Order: Nudibranchia Suborder: Euctenidiacea Infraorder: Doridacea
Superfamily: Onchidoridoidea Family: Goniodorididae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Doris eolida Ambiguous syn. flat okenia
Okenia plana Synonym
Type Locality: Toba, Japan
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Baba, 1960
Hawaii
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
Comments:
X
AO PO X
Species ID: 1185
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:28:24 PM
NEP
1950s collections
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
REC
SF
HR
910
O

Okenia eolida Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
TP RI-PH X X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 28.7m] [Pref: 0 - 12m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 2.81 - 2.81%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
O
Mixed Sediments
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 32.55 - psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O O
P P P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
911
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC X
X
X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Okenia pellucida
Taxon: Gastropod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Heterobranchia Infraclass: Opisthobranchia Superorder:
Order: Nudibranchia Suborder: Euctenidiacea Infraorder: Doridacea
Superfamily: Onchidoridoidea Family: Goniodorididae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: Sydney Harbour, Australia
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Burn,1967
Hawaii
1972
Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 122840
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:28:24 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: The nudibranch Okenia pellucida is associated with the bryozoan, Zoobotryon verticillatum, on which it
feeds and lays its egg masses. Carlton and Eldredge (2009) classify it as introduced in Hawai’i while Paulay (2011)
considers it is cryptogenic because it is common in natural habitats. We classify this as a conflict.
912
NEP

Okenia pellucida Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 15m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
O Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
X
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR
X
CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P P P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
913
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI X
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Peristichia pedroana
Taxon: Gastropod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Heterobranchia Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Pyramidelloidea Family: Pyramidellidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Peristichia pedoroana Misspelling
Type Locality: San Pedro, California, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Dall & Bartsch, 1909)
Hawaii
1981
Kawaihae Harbor, Hawaii
Unknown
Species ID: 15212
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:28:24 PM
Native
Native
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: The establishmen of Peristichia pedroana in Hawaii is unknown (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009).
NEP
HR
914
O

Peristichia pedroana Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
TP RI-PH
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 11 - 27m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B
O
Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
915
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Philine auriformis
Taxon: Gastropod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Heterobranchia Infraclass: Opisthobranchia Superorder:
Order: Cephalaspidea Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Philinoidea Family: Philinidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Philine auriformis? of Rudman, 1998 Synonym ear-shaped Philine
tortellini snail
Type Locality: New Zealand
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Suter, 1909
Hawaii
Species ID: 637
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:28:24 PM
NEP
1992
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Rudman (1998) concluded that the "Philine auriformis" from California is not Philine auriformis. However,
Behrens (2004) and Behrens and Hermosillo (2005) list P. auriformis as a valid species for the NEP. While recognizing
the uncertainty, we list P. auriformis as introduced in the NEP.
916

Philine auriformis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
P
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
P
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 305m] [Pref: 0 - 61m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep O
P
P
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
O
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Lakes
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 3 - 93%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
O
O
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 29.89 - 33.58psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
P
P
K
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
917
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
DD
RI
RI-PH
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
H X G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
SeqH
IF
X
FEE FCS P
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU
X
EPC
F
VP
SP
SP

Philine orientalis
Taxon: Gastropod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Heterobranchia Infraclass: Opisthobranchia Superorder:
Order: Cephalaspidea Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Philinoidea Family: Philinidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Philine japonica Synonym
Philine orientalis? of Rudman, 1998 Synonym
Philine sp. of Ruiz et al., 2000 in part? Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Adams, 1854
Hawaii
Species ID: 3382
Print Date: 9/29/2012 4:57:09 PM
NEP
1993
Bodega Bay, California
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
AO PO X
Comments: Price et al. (2011) synonomized Philine japonica, P. argentata, and P. striatella with P. orientalis. P.
orientalis is native to the NWP and Central Indo-Pacific, and has been introduced into central California.
918
O

Philine orientalis Print Date: 9/29/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
TP RI-PH
X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
P
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
O
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 684m] [Pref: 0 - 24m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep O
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
O
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines
P
Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Pref: 30 - psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic O
Artificial Substrate
C O
O
M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
919
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU
X
EPC
F
VP
SP
SP

Phyllodesmium poindimiei
Taxon: Gastropod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Heterobranchia Infraclass: Opisthobranchia Superorder:
Order: Nudibranchia Suborder: Dexiarchia Infraorder: Aeolidida
Superfamily: Aeolidioidea Family: Facelinidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Aeolidia poindimiei Synonym
Phyllodesmium poindimieri Misspelling
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Risbec, 1928)
Hawaii
1995
Maui, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 170048
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:28:24 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: According to Paulay (2011), the assumption of a nonindigenous status for Phyllodesmium poindimiei in
Hawaii by Carlton and Eldredge (2009) is challenged by its host (Carijoa riisei) turning out to be potentially native
rather than introduced. Thus, we list this as a conflict in Hawaii.
920
NEP

Phyllodesmium poindimiei Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR
X
O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
921
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
Pelagic
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Benthic Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Potamopyrgus antipodarum
Taxon: Gastropod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Caenogastropoda Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Littorinimorpha Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Rissooidea Family: Hydrobiidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: 1980s
Loc 1st record: Japan
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Gray, 1843)
Amnicola antipodarum Synonym
Hydrobia jenkinsi Synonym
Potamopyrgus jenkinsi Synonym
Potamopyrgus jenkinsii Misspelling
Type Locality: New Zealand
Hawaii
Jenkin spire shell
New Zealand mudsnail
Species ID: 700
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:28:24 PM
NEP
1995 (estuarine occurrence)
Columbia River, WA
Yes
VECTORS
SH MS AF X ID RE AP X REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P X
AO PO
X
Comments: While usually found in freshwater the New Zealand mudsnail, Potamopyrgus antipodarum, also occurs in
estuarine habitats.
922

Potamopyrgus antipodarum Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X X
TP RI-PH X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 50m] [Pref: 1 - 50m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
P
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
P
Lakes
P
Abyssal
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 1.07 - 89.05%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
O
O
O
O
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 35psu] [Pref: 0 - 26.4psu]
Fresh P Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline P Mesohaline P Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
P P P P P P
K
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
923
H
Supralittoral
H
X
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S
X
DET DEC SF
DF X
DF-SUR X DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
X IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
X
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC X
X
X X
F
X
SP
SP

Pyrgophorus coronatus
Taxon: Gastropod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Caenogastropoda Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Littorinimorpha Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Rissooidea Family: Hydrobiidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Pfeiffer, 1840)
Hawaii
1998
Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 170045
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:28:24 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Pyrgophorus coronatus is primarily a freshwater species, though it can occur in low salinity regions of
estuaries.
NEP
924
O

Pyrgophorus coronatus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X X
TP RI-PH X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
P
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
O
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 30m] [Pref: 0 - 30m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
O
Lakes
O
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 9psu] [Pref: 0 - psu]
Fresh P Brackish O
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline O Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
925
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET
X
DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
VP
SP
SP

Sakuraeolis enosimensis
Taxon: Gastropod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Heterobranchia Infraclass: Opisthobranchia Superorder:
Order: Nudibranchia Suborder: Dexiarchia Infraorder: Aeolidida
Superfamily: Aeolidioidea Family: Facelinidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Hervia ceylonica Synonym Enosima aeolid
white-tentacle Japanese aeolis
white-tentacled Japanese aeolis
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Baba, 1930)
Hawaii
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
Comments:
X
AO PO X
Species ID: 1196
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:28:24 PM
NEP
1972
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
REC
SF
HR
926
O

Sakuraeolis enosimensis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
SynH
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 12m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR
X
CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
P
P
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
K
Mixed Sediments
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI X
RI-PH
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P O
927
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Stenothyra sp. (Tamaki et al., 2002)
Taxon: Gastropod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Caenogastropoda Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Littorinimorpha Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Rissooidea Family: Hydrobiidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Torai-mizugomatsubo
Type Locality: Japan
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 1997
Loc 1st record: Osaka Bay, Japan
Established: Yes
Taxonomic Author:
Hawaii
Species ID: 3011994
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:28:24 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
AO PO
Comments: Stenothyra sp. (Tamaki et al., 2002) is a hydrobiid snail that invaded the tide flats of the Ariake Inland Sea
in Japan. It is thought to be an undescribed species from Korea (Fukuda, 2004) and may have been introduced along
with seed clams of Venerupis philippinarum (= Ruditapes philippinarum) from Korea and China.
928
NEP

Stenothyra sp. (Tamaki et al., 2002) Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
O
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 4m] [Pref: 0 - 4m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines
O
Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY
Brackish Marine Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
929
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP

Tarebia granifera
Taxon: Gastropod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Caenogastropoda Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Cerithioidea Family: Thiaridae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Melania mauiensis Synonym quilted melania
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Lamarck, 1822)
Hawaii
1856
Maui, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 122838
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:28:24 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF X ID RE AP X REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
AO PO
X
Comments: Tarebia granifera is a primarily a freshwater snail, though it can survive in salinities as high as 30 psu.
Carlton and Eldredge (2009) consider the Indo-Pacific region as the probable native region.
NEP
930
O

Tarebia granifera Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X X
TP RI-PH X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
O
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
O
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
O Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
P
Bathyal
Lakes
O
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 30psu] [Pref: 0 - 3psu]
Fresh P Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline P Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
P O O O O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic O
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA
O
MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
931
H
Supralittoral
H
X
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Tenellia adspersa
Taxon: Gastropod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Heterobranchia Infraclass: Opisthobranchia Superorder:
Order: Nudibranchia Suborder: Dexiarchia Infraorder: Aeolidida
Superfamily: Fionoidea Family: Tergipedidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 1995
Loc 1st record: Vladivostok, Russia
Established: Unknown
Taxonomic Author: (Nordmann, 1845)
Embletonia pallida Synonym
Eolis ventilabrum Synonym
Tenellia pallida Synonym
Tergipes adspersus Synonym
Type Locality: Black Sea
Hawaii
lagoon sea slug
miniature aeolis
spotted aeolid
Species ID: 1186
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:28:24 PM
NEP
1953
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: Tenellia adspersa occurs in the Mediterranean Sea and in the Baltic Sea at salinities as low as 1 psu.
932
O

Tenellia adspersa Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
X
TP RI-PH X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 58m] [Pref: 0 - 34m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
P
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
O
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 1 - 50psu] [Pref: 5.3 - 18psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine O Hyper O
Oligohaline O Mesohaline P Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O O
O O P P O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
933
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B X LP-P X X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X X
X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Thylaeodus sp. (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009)
Taxon: Gastropod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Caenogastropoda Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Littorinimorpha Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Vermetoidea Family: Vermetidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Thylaeodus (?) sp. of (Carlton and Eldredge (2009) Synonym Hadfield's vermetid
Type Locality: Hawaii, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author:
Hawaii
1970
Honolulu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 170046
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:28:24 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: Carlton and Eldredge (2009) hypothesize that the Thylaeodus sp. in Hawaii is from the Atlantic, and may
be T. rugulosus. Accordingly, we assume that this species is not native to the Pacific, and show the distribution of T.
rugulosus in the Atlantic as a possible native range.
934
NEP

Thylaeodus sp. (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009) Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
TP RI-PH X X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
O Sub-Shallow
O
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
O
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY
Brackish Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
935
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Umbonium thomasi
Taxon: Gastropod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Vetigastropoda Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Trochoidea Family: Trochidae Subfamily: Umboniinae
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Umbonium (Umbonium) thomasi Convention
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record:

Umbonium thomasi Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 25m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
O Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
937
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU
X
EPC
F
VP
SP
SP

Urosalpinx cinerea
Taxon: Gastropod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Caenogastropoda Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Neogastropoda Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Muricoidea Family: Muricidae Subfamily: Ocenebrinae
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Buccinum cinerea Synonym Atlantic oyster drill
Buccinum plicosum of Gould, 1841 Synonym
Fusus cinereus Synonym
Trophon cinerea Synonym
Type Locality: Great Egg Harbor, New Jersey, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Japan
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Say, 1822)
Hawaii
Species ID: 1187
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:28:24 PM
NEP
1890
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
AO X PO
Comments: Mito and Uesugi (2004) list Urosalpinx cinerea as an established alien species in Japan; however, we are
not aware of the specific ecoregion(s) invaded.
938

Urosalpinx cinerea Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
TP RI-PH X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
O
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 25m] [Pref: 0 - 15m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 48.39 - 58.71%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 11 - 36psu] [Pref: 12.5 - 26.5psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline P Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O O
P P P
K
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O
P
M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
939
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
VP
SP
SP

Vermetus alii
Taxon: Gastropod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Superclass: Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Caenogastropoda Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Littorinimorpha Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Vermetoidea Family: Vermetidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Eualetes tulipa of Hawaiian authors Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Hadfield & Kay, 1972
Hawaii

Vermetus alii Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
X X
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY
Brackish Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
O P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
941
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI X
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Malacostraca
Superorder: Leptostraca
942

943
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Nebalia sp. (Cohen and Carlton, 1995)
Taxon: Lepostracean
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Phyllocarida Infraclass: Superorder: Leptostraca
Order: Nebaliacea Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Nebaliidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Epinebalia sp. (Cohen and Carlton, 1995) Synonym
Epinebalia sp. A LSM4 Synonym
Epinebalia sp. of Cohen and Carlton, 1995 Synonym
Nebalia sp. (Cohen and Carlton 1995) Synonym
Type Locality: California, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author:
Hawaii
Species ID: 1106
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:10:56 PM
NEP
1992
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Unknown
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: An unidentified Nebalia (=Epinebalia) found in the San Francisco Estuary in 1992 is considered
introduced. However, its establishment is uncertain.
HR
944
O

Nebalia sp. (Cohen and Carlton, 1995) Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
P
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 6m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish P
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
945
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S
X
DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF X
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU
X
EPC
F
VP
SP
SP

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Malacostraca
Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Amphipoda
946

947
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Ampelisca abdita
Taxon: Amphipod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Amphipoda Suborder: Gammaridea Infraorder: Gammarida
Superfamily: Family: Ampeliscidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ampelisca milleri of NEP authors; not Barnard, 1954 Misidentified
Photis californica of authors in part Misidentified
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Mills, 1964
Hawaii
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
Comments:
X
AO X PO
Species ID: 877
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:56:38 PM
NEP
1954
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
REC
SF
HR
948
O

Ampelisca abdita Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
TP RI-PH
X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
P
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 60m] [Pref: 0 - 27m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 4.5 - 35psu] [Pref: 10 - 25psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline P Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O O
O O P P P
K
Pelagic
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 0 - 100%] [Pref % Fines: - 15.6%]
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments Organic
P
P
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
949
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
DF X
DF-SUR X DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Ampithoe lacertosa
Taxon: Amphipod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Amphipoda Suborder: Corophiidea Infraorder: Corophiida
Superfamily: Family: Ampithoidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ampithoe japonica Synonym
Ampithoe macrurus Synonym
Ampithoe scitulus Synonym
Dexamine scitulus Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Bate, 1858
Hawaii
Species ID: 45
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:56:38 PM
1954
Oregon, USA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X X
AO PO X
Comments: Chapman (2009) considers Ampithoe lacertosa introduced in the NEP because it only occurs on artificial
substrata and introduced algae, and its abundance in Japan. He considers it is "probably" native to Asia. CANOD
(2009) suggests it is “likely a native of NEP introduced to Japan.” We tentatively use Chapman’s classifications.
950
NEP

Ampithoe lacertosa Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 24m] [Pref: 0 - 11m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
TP RI-PH
X
X X X
X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
O
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 5.67 - 96.42%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
O
O
O
O
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 29 - 33.25psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
O P P
K
X
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
P O
P P O P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
951
H
Supralittoral
H
X
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Ampithoe longimana
Taxon: Amphipod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Amphipoda Suborder: Corophiidea Infraorder: Corophiida
Superfamily: Family: Ampithoidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Smith, 1873
Hawaii
Species ID: 3354
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:56:38 PM
NEP
1949
Newport Bay, California
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: Ampithoe longimana may receive protection from predators by accumulating toxins from algae it ingests
(Hay et al., 1990).
952
O

Ampithoe longimana Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
TP RI-PH
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 38m] [Pref: 0 - 10m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 51.73 - 57.58%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
O
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 29 - 35psu] [Pref: 30 - psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
P
P
K
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
953
H
Supralittoral
H
X
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Ampithoe sp. (Cohen and Carlton, 1995)
Taxon: Amphipod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Amphipoda Suborder: Corophiidea Infraorder: Corophiida
Superfamily: Family: Ampithoidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: California, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author:
Hawaii
Species ID: 3355
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:56:38 PM
NEP
1993-1994
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Unknown
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: "These Ampithoe appear genetically distinct from A. lacertosa and A. valida on the [U.S. Pacific] coast
(John Darling) but this has not been followed through" (Chapman, 2009).
954
O

Ampithoe sp. (Cohen and Carlton, 1995) Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 1m] [Pref: 0 - 1m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR
X
CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 29 - 30psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B
O
Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
955
H
Supralittoral
H
X
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI X
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Ampithoe valida
Taxon: Amphipod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Amphipoda Suborder: Corophiidea Infraorder: Corophiida
Superfamily: Family: Ampithoidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ampithoe shimizuensis Synonym
Ampithoe valida shimizuensis Convention
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Unknown
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Smith, 1873
Hawaii
Species ID: 48
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:56:38 PM
NEP
1941
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X X
AO X PO
Comments: Ampithoe valida is likely an Atlantic species that has been introduced into the Pacific (Chapman, 2007,
Pilgram and Darling, 2010). However, Doi et al. (2001) classify it as cryptogenic in Japan since they state that its
presence in Japan has not been verified.
956

Ampithoe valida Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X X
TP RI-PH
X
X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
P
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 30m] [Pref: 0 - 5m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 1.7 - 96.33%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
O
O
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 24 - 35.5psu] [Pref: 29 - psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
O O P
K
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
O P O P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
957
H
Supralittoral
H
X
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Aoroides secundus
Taxon: Amphipod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Amphipoda Suborder: Corophiidea Infraorder: Corophiida
Superfamily: Family: Aoridae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Aora secunda Synonym
Aoroides secunda Convention
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Gurjanova, 1938
Hawaii
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
Comments:
X
AO PO
Species ID: 3550
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:56:38 PM
NEP
1998
Southern California
Yes
REC
SF
HR
958
O

Aoroides secundus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
TP RI-PH
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 3.4m] [Pref: 0 - 2m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 25.01 - 26%] X
Sand
O
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 32.3 - 32.3psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
P
P
K
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P O P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
959
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Caprella danilevskii
Taxon: Amphipod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Amphipoda Suborder: Caprellidea Infraorder: Caprellida
Superfamily: Caprelloidea Family: Caprellidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: Black Sea
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Czerniavskii, 1898
Hawaii
1921
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 170032
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:56:38 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: First described in the Black Sea, the native region of Caprella danilevskii is unknown. It has been found on
a wide range of biotic substrates, including Sargassum. It has also been found on muddy substrates as deep as 2120 m in
the Gulf of Mexico, perhaps due to sediment transport and turbidity currents (Winfield et al., 2006).
960
NEP

Caprella danilevskii Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
X
TP RI-PH X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
O
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 2120m] [Pref: 0 - 30m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep O
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
O
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 18 - 30psu] [Pref: 25 - psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
P
P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
O O O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
961
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X X
X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Caprella drepanochir
Taxon: Amphipod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Amphipoda Suborder: Caprellidea Infraorder: Caprellida
Superfamily: Caprelloidea Family: Caprellidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Mayer, 1890
Type Locality: “Reise von China nach der Amurmündung”
Hawaii
Species ID: 126
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:56:38 PM
NEP
1999
Humboldt Bay, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X X
AO PO X
Comments: Watling and Carlton (2007) consider Caprella drepanochir as "probably introduced in ship fouling from
Japan" in Coos Bay, though it appears to be native in Alaska. However, the taxonomy is uncertain (Chapman, pers.
com.) and more detailed studies on its distribution along the NEP coast are needed.
962

Caprella drepanochir Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
TP RI-PH X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 330m] [Pref: 1 - 15m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep O
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
O
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 2.78 - 90.36%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
O
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 26.6 - 32.9psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
963
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Caprella equilibra
Taxon: Amphipod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Amphipoda Suborder: Caprellidea Infraorder: Caprellida
Superfamily: Caprelloidea Family: Caprellidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Caprella aequilibra Synonym
Caprella esmarckii Synonym
Caprella januarii Synonym
Caprella laticornis Synonym
Type Locality: South Carolina, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: 1890
Loc 1st record: Japan
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Say, 1818
Hawaii
1944
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 1262
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:56:38 PM
Unknown
Unknown
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Caprella equilibra likely consists of multiple species and its native range is unknown. However, Watling
and Carlton (2007) suggest that at least part of its wide distribution "is doubtless due to transport on ship fouling." We
use regional classifications when available and extrapolate those to province and or regional scales.
964
NEP

Caprella equilibra Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
TP RI-PH X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 3700m] [Pref: 0 - 15m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep O
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
O
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 2.05 - 71.8%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
O
Abyssal
O
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 15 - 36psu] [Pref: - 33psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
O O O
K
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
P
P O P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
965
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Caprella mutica
Taxon: Amphipod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Amphipoda Suborder: Corophiidea Infraorder: Caprellida
Superfamily: Caprelloidea Family: Caprellidae Subfamily: Caprellinae
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Caprella acanthogaster of NEP authors Misidentified Japanese skeleton shrimp
Caprella cf acanthogaster of NEP authors Misidentified
Caprella macho Synonym
Type Locality: Patrokl Bight, Peter the Great Bay, Russia
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Schurin, 1935
Hawaii
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
Comments:
X
AO PO X
Species ID: 1130
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:56:38 PM
NEP
1973
Humboldt Bay, CA
Yes
REC
SF
HR
966
O

Caprella mutica Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
TP RI-PH X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 33m] [Pref: 0 - 5m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 9.26 - 15.44%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
O
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 11 - 35psu] [Pref: 20 - 33psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
O P P
K
X
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O P P P O
P P P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
967
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Caprella penantis
Taxon: Amphipod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Amphipoda Suborder: Caprellidea Infraorder: Caprellida
Superfamily: Caprelloidea Family: Caprellidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Caprella (Rostrhicephala) penantis Convention
Caprella acutifrons Latreille, 1816 Synonym
Caprella neglecta Synonym
Caprella neglecta barbigra Synonym
Type Locality: Devonshire Coast, England
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: ca. 1890?
Loc 1st record: Japan
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Leach, 1814
Hawaii
1921
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 904
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:56:38 PM
Unknown
Unknown
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Caprella penantis likely consists of multiple species and its native range is unknown. Therefore, we use
regional classifications when available and list it as unclassified elsewhere.
NEP
968
O

Caprella penantis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
TP
X
RI-PH X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 562m] [Pref: 0 - 15m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep O
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
O
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
O
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 18 - 35psu] [Pref: - 35psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
P P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
O
O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
969
H
Supralittoral
O
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Caprella scaura
Taxon: Amphipod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Amphipoda Suborder: Corophiidea Infraorder: Caprellida
Superfamily: Caprelloidea Family: Caprellidae Subfamily: Caprellinae
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Caprella (Spinicephala) scaura diceros Convention
Caprella (Spinicephala) scaura hamata Convention
Caprella (Spinicephala) scaura typica Convention
Caprella attenuata Synonym
Type Locality: Rivière Noire, Mauritius (Indian Ocean)
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: 1875
Loc 1st record: Japan
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Templeton, 1836
Hawaii
1929
Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 2326
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:56:38 PM
NEP
1978
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: The native region of Caprella scaura s.s. may be the western Indian Ocean (Martinez and Adarraga, 2008);
though global reports likely represent a species complex (Ashton, 2010). We use regional classifications when
available, including an introduced status for the estuarine populations in the NEP (Watling and Carlton, 2007).
970

Caprella scaura Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
TP RI-PH X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 17m] [Pref: 0 - 10m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 29 - psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
P
P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
P P P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
971
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Caprella simia
Taxon: Amphipod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Amphipoda Suborder: Caprellidea Infraorder: Caprellida
Superfamily: Caprelloidea Family: Caprellidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Caprella tateyamensis Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Mayer, 1903
Hawaii
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
Comments:
X
AO PO
Species ID: 3554
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:56:38 PM
NEP
2000
Long Beach Harbor, CA
Yes
REC
SF
HR
972
O

Caprella simia Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 10m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
O Sub-Shallow
O
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR
X
CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 16.4 - 34.5psu] [Pref: 31.5 - psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
O O O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
973
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI X
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Centromedon pumilus
Taxon: Amphipod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Amphipoda Suborder: Gammaridea Infraorder: Gammarida
Superfamily: Lysianassoidea Family: Uristidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Centromedon pumilis Misspelling
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record:

Centromedon pumilus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: - 403m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
O
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
O
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY
Brackish Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
975
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP

Cheiriphotis megacheles
Taxon: Amphipod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Amphipoda Suborder: Corophiidea Infraorder: Corophiida
Superfamily: Family: Corophiidae Subfamily: Protomedeiinae
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Eurystheus monuropus Synonym
Melita megacheles Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Giles, 1885)
Hawaii
Species ID: 100320
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:56:38 PM
Unknown
Unknown
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Chapman (2009) considers Cheiriphotis megacheles a likely introduction in the Eastern Pacific while
Chapman (2007) and CANOD (2009) classifiy it as cryptogenic and consider it a possible species complex. We treat
this as a conflict, and consider it unclassified in South Africa and cryptogenic in Brazil.
976
NEP

Cheiriphotis megacheles Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 110m] [Pref: 0 - 20m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
TP RI-PH X
X
X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
O
Sand
O
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines
O
Gravel Cobble
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 5 - 35psu] [Pref: 30 - psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
O O O O
K
X
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O P
O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
977
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Chelura terebrans
Taxon: Amphipod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Amphipoda Suborder: Corophiidea Infraorder: Corophiida
Superfamily: Cheluroidea Family: Cheluridae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: Trieste, Italy
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Philippi, 1839
Hawaii
Species ID: 1103
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:56:38 PM
NEP
1948
San Fransico Estuary, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: The amphipod Chelura terebrans lives in Limnoria burrows in wood. As with Limnoria, the native range of
C. terebrans is unknown, though it is has been classified as nonindigenous in certain regions based on the date of its
discovery.
978

Chelura terebrans Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
TP RI-PH
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 1103m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep O
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
O
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 79.7 - 79.7%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
O
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 25 - 40psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper O
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
P
P O
K
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P O O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
979
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET
X
DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Corophium alienense
Taxon: Amphipod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Amphipoda Suborder: Corophiidea Infraorder: Corophiida
Superfamily: Family: Corophiidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Corophium sp. of Carlton 1979 Synonym
Sinocorophium alienense Synonym
Type Locality: San Francisco Estuary, California, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Chapman, 1988
Hawaii
Species ID: 1088
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:56:38 PM
NEP
1986
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: Chapman (2007) states that Corophium alienense was introduced into the San Francisco Estuary from Asia
during the Vietnam War. We assume that the native region includes both the Gulf of Tonkin and Southern Vietnam
Ecoregions.
980

Corophium alienense Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 64m] [Pref: 0 - 10m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
TP RI-PH
X X
X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
O
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 48.39 - 99.5%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
O
P
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 6 - 30psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline O Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
O O O P P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
K
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O O
981
DF X
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Corophium heteroceratum
Taxon: Amphipod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Amphipoda Suborder: Corophiidea Infraorder: Corophiida
Superfamily: Family: Corophiidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Corophium (Sinocorophium) heteroceratum Convention
Sinocorophium cf heteroceratum Convention
Sinocorophium heteroceratum Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Yu, 1938
Hawaii
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
Comments:
AO PO
Species ID: 775
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:56:38 PM
NEP
1986
San Fransico Estuary, CA
Yes
REC
SF
HR
982
O

Corophium heteroceratum Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
P
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 30m] [Pref: - 15m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
O Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 2.6 - 93.57%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
O
O
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 20 - 33.27psu] [Pref: 20 - 30psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline P Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
O P P P
K
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
983
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF X
DF-SUR X DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Elasmopus rapax
Taxon: Amphipod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Amphipoda Suborder: Gammaridea Infraorder: Gammarida
Superfamily: Family: Maeridae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Elasmopus 'rapax' of Carlton and Eldredge, 2009 Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Costa, 1853
Hawaii
1937
Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 936
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:56:38 PM
Unknown
Unknown
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: Though it may represent a species complex, it is tentatively considered native in the north Atlantic and
introduced in Hawaii (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009), the NEP (Chapman, 2007), and Australia (Sliwa et al., 2009). We
treat it as introduced in the Pacific and Indan Ocean and unclassified in the Caribbean.
984
NEP

Elasmopus rapax Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
TP RI-PH X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
P
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 419m] [Pref: 0 - 30m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep O
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
O
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 29.3 - 35psu] [Pref: 30 - psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
O
P O P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
985
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Eochelidium sp. A (Chapman, 2007)
Taxon: Amphipod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Amphipoda Suborder: Gammaridea Infraorder: Gammarida
Superfamily: Family: Oedicerotidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Eochelidium cf. miraculum Synonym
Eochelidium miraculum of NEP authors Synonym
Eochelidium sp. A (SCAMIT) Synonym
Eochelidium sp. cf. E. miraculum Synonym
Type Locality: California, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Cadien, 1996
Hawaii
Species ID: 3359
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:56:38 PM
NEP
1993
Long Beach Harbor, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: The identify of the Eochelidium species in the NEP is unclear, however, the genus Eochelidium only occurs
in the Western Pacific, and thus was likely introduced from Japan or Korea. We include the various provisional
Eochelidium species reported in the NEP under this name.
986

Eochelidium sp. A (Chapman, 2007) Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF
X
UV-SUB
TP RI-PH
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
P
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 20m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines
P
Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B
O
Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
987
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Ericthonius brasiliensis
Taxon: Amphipod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Amphipoda Suborder: Gammaridea Infraorder: Caprellida
Superfamily: Family: Ischyroceridae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Cerapus brasiliensis Synonym
Ericthonius rapax Synonym
Pyctilus brasiliensis Synonym
Type Locality: North Atlantic
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Dana, 1853)
Hawaii
1935
Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 277
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:56:38 PM
Unknown
Unknown
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: In the NEP, the harbor and open-coast populations of Ericthonius brasiliensis likely represent different
species, with the harbor species likely introduced (Chapman, 2007). It is considered an invader in Hawaii, Central
Polynesia, and South Africa. In other regions, we list it as unclassified.
988
NEP

Ericthonius brasiliensis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 300m] [Pref: 1 - 10m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep O
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X X TP RI-PH X X
X
X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
O
Lakes
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 1.8 - 96.3%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
O
O
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 28 - 39.42psu] [Pref: - 35psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P O
O P
K
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
P O
P O P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
989
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X X
X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Gammarus daiberi
Taxon: Amphipod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Amphipoda Suborder: Gammaridea Infraorder: Gammarida
Superfamily: Family: Gammaridae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Lagunogammarus setosus of NEP authors in part Misidentified
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Bousfield, 1969
Hawaii
Species ID: 1090
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:56:38 PM
NEP
1983
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Gammarus daiberi is native to the NWA, but it is considered introduced into the Hudson River in New
York (USGS - NAS; Mills et al., 1996). It is benthic and semi-pelagic. In freshwater portions of the San Francisco
Estuary, G. daiberi was abundant on both hyacinth and pennywort.
990

Gammarus daiberi Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
TP RI-PH
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
P
PAR
Mud
P
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
P
Sand
O
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 5m] [Pref: 0.5 - 5m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
O Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
O
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 30psu] [Pref: 0.5 - 5psu]
Fresh O Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline P Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
P P O O O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
991
H
Supralittoral
H
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic X Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM X SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP
X
EPS EPU EPC
X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP
X

Gammarus mucronatus
Taxon: Amphipod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Amphipoda Suborder: Gammaridea Infraorder: Gammarida
Superfamily: Family: Gammaridae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Carinogammarus mucronatus Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Say, 1818)
Hawaii
Species ID: 14405
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:56:38 PM
NEP
1957
Salton Sea, California
Yes
VECTORS
SH MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: The amphipod Gammarus mucronatus is native to the estuaries and coastal ecosystems of the NWA. It has
been introduced into the Salton Sea in California, an inland saline lake. It has not invaded the estuaries of the NEP, but
we include it here to help identify potential coastal invaders.
992

Gammarus mucronatus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X X
TP RI-PH
X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 5m] [Pref: 0 - 5m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 4 - 65psu] [Pref: 5 - 35psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper O
Oligohaline O Mesohaline P Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P O
O P P P P
K
Mixed Sediments
O
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
993
H
Supralittoral
H
X
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X X
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Grandidierella bispinosa
Taxon: Amphipod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Amphipoda Suborder: Corophiidea Infraorder: Corophiida
Superfamily: Family: Aoridae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: Ralum, Bismarck Archipelago
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Schellenberg, 1938
Hawaii
1996
Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
Comments:
X
AO PO
Species ID: 122845
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:56:38 PM
REC
NEP
SF
HR
994
O

Grandidierella bispinosa Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
X X TP RI-PH
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
SynH
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 100m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 10 - psu]
Fresh Brackish P
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
Beta Alpha
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
K
X
Mixed Sediments
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
Pelagic
Organic
P
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O O
995
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X X
X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Grandidierella japonica
Taxon: Amphipod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Amphipoda Suborder: Corophiidea Infraorder: Corophiida
Superfamily: Family: Aoridae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Stephenson, 1938
Hawaii
1992
Kaneohe, Hawaii
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
Comments:
X
AO PO X
Species ID: 356
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:56:38 PM
NEP
1966
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
REC
SF
HR
996
O

Grandidierella japonica Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
TP RI-PH X X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
P
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 20m] [Pref: 0 - 20m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 0 - 100%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
P
P
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 4.2 - 40psu] [Pref: 10 - 35psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper O
Oligohaline O Mesohaline P Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P O
O O P P P
K
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O P
O
O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
997
H
Supralittoral
H
X
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
X
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X X X
X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Incisocalliope derzhavini
Taxon: Amphipod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Amphipoda Suborder: Gammaridea Infraorder: Gammarida
Superfamily: Family: Pleustidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Incisocalliope nipponensis Synonym
Neopleustes derzhavini of authors in part Partial synonym
Parapleustes derzhavini Synonym
Parapleustes derzhavini makiki Synonym
Type Locality: Japan Sea
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Gurjanova, 1938)
Hawaii
1967
Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
Comments:
X
AO PO
Species ID: 1098
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:56:38 PM
NEP
1904
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
REC
SF
HR
998
O

Incisocalliope derzhavini Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 3m] [Pref: 0 - 3m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
X X
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 6 - 33psu] [Pref: - 31psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
O O O P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
O O
P O P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
999
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI X
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Jassa falcata
Taxon: Amphipod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Amphipoda Suborder: Gammaridea Infraorder: Caprellida
Superfamily: Family: Ischyroceridae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Cancer (Gammarus) falcatus Synonym Scud
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Montagu, 1808)
Hawaii
1997
Honolulu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 3461
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:56:38 PM
NEP
1987
Northern California
No
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: According to Chapman (2009), "Jassa falcata was the default name given to most Jassa of the world until
the work of Conlan (1990). Jassa falcata is presently recognized only in European harbors, but not clearly absent
elsewhere." Therefore, we classify it as native in Europe, NIS in Hawaii, and unclassified elsewhere.
1000

Jassa falcata Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
TP RI-PH X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 40m] [Pref: 0 - 5m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 24 - 35psu] [Pref: 26 - 35psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
O P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
P P P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1001
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X X
X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Jassa marmorata
Taxon: Amphipod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Amphipoda Suborder: Gammaridea Infraorder: Caprellida
Superfamily: Family: Ischyroceridae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Jassa falcata of authors in part; not (Montagu, 1808) Misidentified
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 1930s?
Loc 1st record: Sea of Japan
Established: Yes
Taxonomic Author: Holmes, 1903
Hawaii
Species ID: 1091
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:56:38 PM
1938
Unknown
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X X
AO X PO
Comments: Extreme broad distribution of Jassa marmorata limits confidence of its origin, such as the north Atlantic
(Chapman, 2009), its putative native range. Genetic analysis by Pilgrim and Darling (2010) suggests that J. marmorata
may consist of more than one species. The depth records >30 m are from the Arctic.
1002
NEP

Jassa marmorata Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
X
TP RI-PH X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 4337m] [Pref: 0 - 30m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep O
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
O
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 85.1 - 85.1%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
O
Abyssal
O
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 10 - 35psu] [Pref: 24 - 35psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
O P P
K
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
P
P P O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1003
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Jassa slatteryi
Taxon: Amphipod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Amphipoda Suborder: Gammaridea Infraorder: Caprellida
Superfamily: Family: Ischyroceridae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Jassa falcata of NEP authors; not (Montagu, 1808) Misidentified
Podocerus odontonyx Synonym
Type Locality: Moss Landing Harbor, California, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Conlan, 1990
Hawaii
Species ID: 964
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:56:38 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: The global distribution of Jassa slatteryi is unclear. Doe et al. (2011) suggest it is native in the NEP. It is
considered introduced in Japan (Doe et al., 2011) and South Africa (Mead et al., 2011) and cryptogenic in the NEP
(CANOD, 2009) and Australia/New Zealand and the North and South Atlantic (Chapman, 2009).
1004
Yes
NEP

Jassa slatteryi Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
X
TP RI-PH
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 200m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 5.28 - 63.61%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
O
O
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 30.4 - 39.42psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
P
O O
K
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1005
H
Supralittoral
H
X
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Laticorophium baconi
Taxon: Amphipod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Amphipoda Suborder: Corophiidea Infraorder: Corophiida
Superfamily: Family: Corophiidae Subfamily: Corophiinae
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Corophium baconi Synonym
Type Locality: north of Paita, Peru
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record:

Laticorophium baconi Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
TP RI-PH X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
P
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 452m] [Pref: 0 - 55m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep O
P
P
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
O
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 3.41 - 49.97%] X
Sand
O
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 29 - 34psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
P
P
K
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
O P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1007
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
DF X
DF-SUR X DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM X SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X X
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP
X

Leucothoe micronesiae
Taxon: Amphipod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Amphipoda Suborder: Gammaridea Infraorder: Gammarida
Superfamily: Family: Leucothoidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: Ifaluk Atoll, Caroline Islands
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Barnard, 1965
Hawaii
1997
Honolulu Harbor, Hawaii
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
Comments:
X
AO PO
Species ID: 122846
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:56:38 PM
REC
NEP
SF
HR
1008
O

Leucothoe micronesiae Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
O
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 1 - 670m] [Pref: 3 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
P
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
O
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR
X
O/M
Bathyal
O
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: - 34psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1009
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Leucothoe spinicarpa Cmplx
Taxon: Amphipod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Amphipoda Suborder: Gammaridea Infraorder: Gammarida
Superfamily: Family: Leucothoidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Gammarus spinicarpus Ambiguous syn.
Leucothoe (Leucothoe) spinicarpa Ambiguous syn.
Leucothoe grandimanus Ambiguous syn.
Leucothoe spinicarpa Ambiguous syn.
Type Locality: Skagerrak Sea, Denmark
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Abildgaard, 1789)
Hawaii
Species ID: 2311
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:56:38 PM
Unknown
Unknown
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: The commensal Leucothoe spinicarpa is a species complex. Nonetheless Chapman (2007) lists it as NIS in
the NEP because it is limited to introduced tunicates. Doi et al. (2011) and Chavanich et al. (2010) list it as cryptogenic
in Japan and NIS in Thailand, respectively. Because of the uncertainties, we list it unclassified in other regions.
1010
NEP

Leucothoe spinicarpa Cmplx Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
O
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
X
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 1505m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep O
O
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
O
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR
X
CR O/M
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
X
SeqH
X
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1011
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI X
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
Pelagic
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Benthic Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Liljeborgia sp. (Cohen et al., 2002)
Taxon: Amphipod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Amphipoda Suborder: Gammaridea Infraorder: Gammarida
Superfamily: Family: Liljeborgiidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author:
Hawaii
Species ID: 3551
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:56:38 PM
NEP
2000
Southern California
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: In 2000, an unidentified Liljeborgia was reported from several estuaries in Southern California (Cohen et
al., 2002). Though not presently identified, it was unlikely to have been overlooked in previous amphipod surveys and
thus appears to be a recent arrival. It is similar to L. geminata (Chapman 2007).
1012

Liljeborgia sp. (Cohen et al., 2002) Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 3 - 9m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 34 - 35.5psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P O P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1013
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Melita nitida
Taxon: Amphipod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Amphipoda Suborder: Gammaridea Infraorder: Gammarida
Superfamily: Family: Melitidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Melita cf. nitida Ambiguous syn.
Melita setiflagella? of Sytsma et al., 2004 Synonym
Melita setiflagellata Ambiguous syn.
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Unknown
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Smith, 1873
Hawaii
Species ID: 496
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:56:38 PM
NEP
1938
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X X X
AO X PO
Comments: The global classification of Melita nitida assumes it is native to the NWA (Chapman, 2007). However, M.
nitida is "indistinguishable from the Asian Melita setiflagellata" (Chapman, 2007), and Doi et al. (2011) list it as
cryptogenic in the NWP. Because of this uncertainty, we list it as cryptogenic in the NWP, using the distribution for
M. setiflagellata.
1014

Melita nitida Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
TP RI-PH
X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
O
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 20m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 1.8 - 47%] X
Sand
O
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 30psu] [Pref: 3 - 20psu]
Fresh O Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline P Mesohaline P Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
P P P P O
K
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P P
O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1015
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
DF X
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC X
X
X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Melita rylovae
Taxon: Amphipod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Amphipoda Suborder: Gammaridea Infraorder: Gammarida
Superfamily: Family: Melitidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Melita sp. of Cohen and Carlton, 1995 Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Bulycheva, 1955
Hawaii
Species ID: 14460
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:56:38 PM
NEP
1993
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X X
AO PO X
Comments: Melita rylovae was found in ballast water in Australia (Williams et al., 1988) but we are unaware of any
reports of it from the wild in Australia. Chapman (2007) lists it as native to Asia though the 2009 PICES rapid
assessment in Korea listed it as cryptogenic (PICES Working Group 21, 2009).
1016

Melita rylovae Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 1 - 10m] [Pref: 1 - 10m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
X
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
P O P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1017
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Metopella sp. (Cohen et al., 2002)
Taxon: Amphipod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Amphipoda Suborder: Gammaridea Infraorder: Gammarida
Superfamily: Family: Stenothoidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: California, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author:
Hawaii
Species ID: 3552
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:56:38 PM
NEP
2000
Long Beach, CA
Unknown
VECTORS
SH MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
AO PO
Comments: An unknown Metopella species was found in a grabs in Southern California harbors in 2000 as part of a
rapid assessment survey (Cohen et al., 2002).
1018
O
X

Metopella sp. (Cohen et al., 2002) Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 1.5 - 3m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY [Obs: 34 - 35psu]
Brackish Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1019
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Microdeutopus gryllotalpa
Taxon: Amphipod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Amphipoda Suborder: Corophiidea Infraorder: Corophiida
Superfamily: Family: Aoridae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Microdeuteropus minax Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Costa, 1853
Hawaii
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
Comments:
X
AO PO
Species ID: 4971
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:56:38 PM
NEP
1980s
Humboldt Bay, CA
Yes
REC
SF
HR
1020
O

Microdeutopus gryllotalpa Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X X
TP RI-PH
X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
P
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
O
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 155m] [Pref: 0 - 15m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines
O
Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 5 - 47psu] [Pref: 26 - 35psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper O
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P O
O O O P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
P
O O P P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1021
H
Supralittoral
H
X
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X X
X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Microjassa sp. (deRivera et al., 2007)
Taxon: Amphipod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Amphipoda Suborder: Gammaridea Infraorder: Caprellida
Superfamily: Family: Ischyroceridae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: Washington, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author:
Hawaii
Species ID: 101250
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:56:38 PM
NEP
2002
Cape Alava Rock Shelf, WA
Unknown
VECTORS
SH MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
AO PO
Comments: An unidentified Microjassa species collected on a rock shelf off the coast of Washington is considered
introduced by deRivera et al. (2007).
1022
O
X

Microjassa sp. (deRivera et al., 2007) Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY [Obs: - 32.7psu]
Brackish Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1023
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI X
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Monocorophium acherusicum
Taxon: Amphipod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Amphipoda Suborder: Corophiidea Infraorder: Corophiida
Superfamily: Family: Corophiidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Audouinia acherusica Synonym
Corophium acherusicum Synonym
Corophium contractum Synonym
Corophium cylindricus Synonym
Type Locality: Gulf of Naples, Italy
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 1955
Loc 1st record: Ariake Inland Sea, Japan
Established: Yes
Taxonomic Author: (Costa, 1853)
Hawaii
1943
Waikiki, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 187
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:56:38 PM
NEP
1905
Yaquina Bay, Oregon
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X X
AO X PO
Comments: Monocorophium acherusicum is native to the North Atlantic though there are conflicts as to the native
region. Ruiz et al. (2011) list it as cryptogenic in the NWA while Doi et al. (2011) list it as native in the NWA. NIMPIS
(2002q) lists it as native in the NEA while Olenin and Didžiulis (2009) list it as cryptogenic in the NEA.
1024

Monocorophium acherusicum Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
TP RI-PH
X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
P
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 2620m] [Pref: 0 - 20m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep O
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
O
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
O
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 1.8 - 100%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
P
P
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 10 - 39.42psu] [Pref: 15 - 30psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline P Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P O
P P P
K
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
O
P P P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1025
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
DF X
DF-SUR X DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM X SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X X X
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Monocorophium insidiosum
Taxon: Amphipod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Amphipoda Suborder: Corophiidea Infraorder: Corophiida
Superfamily: Family: Corophiidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Corophium insidiosum Synonym
Corophium oaklandense Synonym
Monocorophium oaklandense Synonym
Type Locality: Mill Bay, Plymouth, England
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 1955
Loc 1st record: Fukuyama Harbor, Japan
Established: Yes
Taxonomic Author: (Crawford, 1937)
Hawaii
1959
Hilo, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 190
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:56:38 PM
NEP
1915
Puget Sound, WA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X X
AO X PO
Comments: Monocorophium insidiosum is native to the North Atlantic though there are conflicts as to the native
region. Chapman (2009) classifies it as cryptogenic in the NEA while NIMPIS (2002x) classifies it as native. Ruiz et al.
(2011) classify it as cryptogenic in the NWA while Carlton and Eldredge (2009) classify it as native in the NWA.
1026

Monocorophium insidiosum Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X X
TP RI-PH
X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
P
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 1231m] [Pref: 0 - 10m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep O
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
O
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 1.56 - 98%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
P
P
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 11 - 37psu] [Pref: 25 - 36psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P P
O O P
K
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O P
O
P P P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1027
H
Supralittoral
H
X
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
DF X
DF-SUR X DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM X SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X X X
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Monocorophium uenoi
Taxon: Amphipod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Amphipoda Suborder: Corophiidea Infraorder: Corophiida
Superfamily: Family: Corophiidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Corophium (Monocorophium) cf uenoi Synonym
Corophium cf uenoi Synonym
Corophium uenoi Synonym
Type Locality: Japan
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Stephensen, 1932)
Hawaii
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
Comments:
X
AO PO X
Species ID: 188
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:56:38 PM
NEP
1946
Newport Bay, California
Yes
REC
SF
HR
1028
O

Monocorophium uenoi Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 49m] [Pref: 0 - 24m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
TP RI-PH X X
X X
X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
O
Lakes
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 2 - 89.3%] X
Sand
O
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 26.6 - 35.04psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
P
P
K
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
O
O O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1029
H
Supralittoral
H
X
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Paracaprella pusilla
Taxon: Amphipod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Amphipoda Suborder: Caprellidea Infraorder: Caprellida
Superfamily: Caprelloidea Family: Caprellidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Caprella nigra Synonym
Type Locality: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Mayer, 1890
Hawaii
1937
Honolulu Harbor, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 122848
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:56:38 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Paracaprella pusilla is introduced in Hawaii (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009) and cryptogenic in South Africa
(Mead et al., 2011). Based on its original description from Brazil and extensive Caribbean distribution, we tentatively
classify it as native in the West Tropical Atlantic region and introduced in the Pacific and Indian Oceans.
1030
NEP

Paracaprella pusilla Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
X X TP RI-PH X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
O
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 498m] [Pref: 0 - 20m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep O
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
O
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
O
O
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 26 - 34psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
P
P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O O O
P P
O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1031
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Paracorophium sp. (Chapman, 2007)
Taxon: Amphipod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Amphipoda Suborder: Corophiidea Infraorder: Corophiida
Superfamily: Family: Corophiidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type):
Chaetocorophium lucasi of Boyd et al., 2002; not (Hurley, 1 Misidentified
Common Names:
Paracorophium lucasi of NEP authors Synonym
Paracorophium sp A of NEP authors Synonym
Paracorophium sp. (TNA 2001) Synonym
Type Locality: Northeast Pacific
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author:
Hawaii
Species ID: 612
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:56:38 PM
NEP
2000
Humboldt Bay, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: The Paracorophium in the NEP is introduced since this genus does not occur along the U.S. Pacific Coast.
This species could be from New Zealand if it is P. lucasi, though it also could be from South America (Chapman, 2007
and 2009). Importation of logs from New Zealand is a likely vector if it is P. lucasi.
1032

Paracorophium sp. (Chapman, 2007) Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
TP RI-PH
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
P
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 2m] [Pref: 0 - 2m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 4.24 - 96.33%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
O
P
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 32.9 - 35.3psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
K
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B
O
Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1033
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Paradexamine sp. (Chapman, 2007)
Taxon: Amphipod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Amphipoda Suborder: Gammaridea Infraorder: Gammarida
Superfamily: Family: Dexaminidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Paradexamine cf churinga Synonym
Paradexamine churinga of NEP authors Synonym
Paradexamine sp. SD1 Synonym
Paradexamine sp. SD1 SCAMIT Synonym
Type Locality: California, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Pasko, 1999
Hawaii
Species ID: 100224
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:56:38 PM
NEP
1991
Santa Catalina, California
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: An undescribed Paradexamine was discovered from Santa Catalina Island, California in 1991, “apparently
having arrived from warmer waters on a yacht” (CANOD, 2009). It has since been found in the San Francisco Estuary
and various Southern California harbors/estuaries.
1034

Paradexamine sp. (Chapman, 2007) Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
TP RI-PH
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
P
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 51m] [Pref: 1 - 10m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 6 - 96.3%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
O
O
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 28.6 - 36.8psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P O
K
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B
O
Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1035
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Paraleucothoe sp. (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009)
Taxon: Amphipod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Amphipoda Suborder: Gammaridea Infraorder: Gammarida
Superfamily: Family: Leucothoidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Paraleucothoe flindersi of Hawaiian authors Synonym
Type Locality: Hawaii, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author:
Hawaii
1996
Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 170035
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:56:38 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: Paraleucothoe sp. (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009) is associated with sponges or ascidians. It is possibly of
Indo-Pacific origin. It has previously been referred to as P. flindersi in Hawaii.
NEP
1036
O

Paraleucothoe sp. (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009) Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: - 10m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR
X
CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B
O
Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1037
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
Pelagic
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Benthic Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Podocerus brasiliensis
Taxon: Amphipod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Amphipoda Suborder: Corophiidea Infraorder: Caprellida
Superfamily: Caprelloidea Family: Podoceridae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Platophium brasiliense Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Dana, 1853)
Hawaii
1935
Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 1022
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:56:38 PM
Unknown
Unknown
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: Carlton and Eldredge (2009) tentatively treat Podocerus brasiliensis as native to the NWA and Chapman
(2007) considers it a likely introduction in California. However, CANOD (2009) classifies it "cryptogenic-likely
native”. We treat it as native to the NWA, introduced in Hawaii, a conflict in the NEP, and unclassified elsewhere.
1038
NEP

Podocerus brasiliensis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
X TP RI-PH
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
O
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 24m] [Pref: 0 - 24m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
O Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 0 - 78.8%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
O
O
O
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 33 - 36.8psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P O
K
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
P P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1039
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Stenothoe gallensis
Taxon: Amphipod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Amphipoda Suborder: Gammaridea Infraorder: Gammarida
Superfamily: Family: Stenothoidae Subfamily: Stenothoinae
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: Ceylon (Sri Lanka)
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Walker, 1904
Hawaii
1935
Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 15524
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:56:38 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: The native region of Stenothoe gallensis is unknown, though it is considered introduced in Hawaii and the
Mediterranean. It has been classified as NIS in southern Florida but, at this time, we list it as unclassified in the
Caribbean.
1040
NEP

Stenothoe gallensis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
X
TP RI-PH X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 3635m] [Pref: - 4m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep O
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
O
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
O
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
O
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 29 - 39.6psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P O
K
Mixed Sediments
O
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
P
O P P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1041
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Stenothoe valida
Taxon: Amphipod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Amphipoda Suborder: Gammaridea Infraorder: Gammarida
Superfamily: Family: Stenothoidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Probolium polyprion Synonym
Stenothoe assimilis Synonym
Stenothoe megacheles Synonym
Stenothoe ornata Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: 2007
Loc 1st record: Yellow Sea
Established: Unknown
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Dana, 1852
Hawaii

Stenothoe valida Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 27m] [Pref: 0 - 10m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
X X
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: - 35psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
O O P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
P O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1043
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI X
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Transorchestia enigmatica
Taxon: Amphipod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Amphipoda Suborder: Gammaridea Infraorder: Talitrida
Superfamily: Talitroidea Family: Talitridae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Orchestia chiliensis Synonym shorehopper
Orchestia enigmatica Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Bousfield & Carlton, 1967)
Hawaii
Species ID: 1129
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:56:38 PM
NEP
1962
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Transorchestia enigmatica is only known from the lagoon, Lake Merritt, in the San Francisco Estuary. It is
a member of the T. chiliensis species group, known from Chile and New Zealand (although enigmatica remains
unknown from either region). It was introduced in solid ballast, perhaps by ships carrying lumber (Chapman, 2007).
1044

Transorchestia enigmatica Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS
X
UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
O
PAR
Mud
Sand
P
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish P
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1045
H
Supralittoral
P
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET
X
DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU
X
EPC
F
VP
SP
SP

Tropichelura insulae
Taxon: Amphipod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Amphipoda Suborder: Corophiidea Infraorder: Corophiida
Superfamily: Cheluroidea Family: Cheluridae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Chelura insulae Synonym
Type Locality: Christmas Island, Indian Ocean
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Calman, 1910)
Hawaii
1924
Honolulu Harbor, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 170037
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:56:38 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Carlton and Eldredge (2009) regard the wood-boring Tropichelura insulae as an Indo-Pacific species.
Accordingly, we classify the records in the Caribbean as introduced likely through wooden-hulled ships.
NEP
1046
O

Tropichelura insulae Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 30m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
O Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P P P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1047
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Malacostraca
Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Cumacea
1048

1049
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Nannastacus sp. (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009)
Taxon: Cumacean
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Cumacea Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Nannastacidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: Hawaii, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author:
Hawaii
1996
Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 170039
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:00:46 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Cumaceans were previously unknown from the Hawaiian Islands (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009). Thus this
undescribed Nannastacus collected in 1996 is considered introduced.
NEP
1050

Nannastacus sp. (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009) Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
P
DEPTH [Obs: - 4m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 29 - 32psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1051
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM X SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP
X
EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP
X

Nippoleucon hinumensis
Taxon: Cumacean
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Cumacea Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Leuconidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Hemileucon comes of authors; not Calman, 1906 Misidentified
Hemileucon hinumensis Synonym
Type Locality: Lake Hinuma, Honshu, Japan
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Gamo, 1967)
Hawaii
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
Comments:
AO PO X
Species ID: 569
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:00:46 PM
NEP
1979
Coos Bay, Oregon
Yes
REC
SF
HR
1052
O

Nippoleucon hinumensis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X X
TP RI-PH
X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
P
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 20m] [Pref: 0 - 20m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 1.7 - 100%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
O
P
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 1.2 - 32psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
O O O O O P
K
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic O
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1053
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
DF X
DF-SUR X DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM X SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X X
X
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Scherocumella sp. (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009)
Taxon: Cumacean
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Cumacea Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Nannastacidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: Hawaii, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author:
Hawaii

Scherocumella sp. (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009) Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1055
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Malacostraca
Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Isopoda
1056

1057
This page was intentionally left blank

Alloniscus oahuensis
Taxon: Isopod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Isopoda Suborder: Oniscidea Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Alloniscidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Alloniscus brevis Synonym
Alloniscus floresianus Synonym
Anomaloniscus ovatus Synonym
Anomaloniscus seychellarum Synonym
Type Locality: Hawaii, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Budde-Lund, 1885
Hawaii
1879
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 101208
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:09:03 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: The isopod Alloniscus oahuensis occurs in the supralittoral zone under logs and debris. Although originally
described from Hawaii in 1879, Taiti and Howarth (1996) consider it introduced into Hawaii and Carlton and Eldredge
(2009) consider it native to other areas of the Indo-Pacific.
1058
NEP

Alloniscus oahuensis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
P
PAR
Mud
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
O
X
MAR
X
Shelf
MAN
X
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Coastal Fringe
P
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
O
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
O O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW
P
R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1059
H
Supralittoral
P
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET
X
DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU
X
EPC X
F
VP
SP
SP

Armadilloniscus ellipticus
Taxon: Isopod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Isopoda Suborder: Oniscidea Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Detonidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Actoniscus ellipticus Synonym
Armadilloniscus littoralis Synonym
Armandilloniscus amakusaensis Synonym
Armandilloniscus dalmatinus Synonym
Type Locality: Connecticut, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Harger, 1878)
Hawaii
1985
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 100780
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:09:03 PM
Unknown
Unknown
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: The isopod Armadilloniscus ellipticus occurs in the supralittoral zone under logs and debris as well as in
the splash zone of jetties. The native range is unknown but is considered introduced into Hawaii (Taiti and Howarth,
1996).
1060
NEP

Armadilloniscus ellipticus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF
X
UV-SUB
TP RI-PH
Coastal Fringe
O
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
O
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
O
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Coastal Fringe
P
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
O
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1061
H
Supralittoral
P
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET
X
DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC X
X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Boreosignum wilsoni
Taxon: Isopod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Isopoda Suborder: Asellota Infraorder:
Superfamily: Janiroidea Family: Paramunnidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Munnogonium wilsoni Synonym
Type Locality: Gulf of Mexico
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Hooker, 1985)
Hawaii
Species ID: 2297
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:09:03 PM
NEP
2001
Los Angeles Harbor, CA
Unknown
VECTORS
SH MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Boreosignum wilsoni [= Munnogonium wilsoni] was reported as introduced in southern California by
Fairey et al. (2002) and Foss et al. (2007). However, it is not listed in California by CANOD (2009). Therefore, it is
listed as a NIS in the NEP with an uncertain population status.
1062

Boreosignum wilsoni Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
TP RI-PH
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 4 - 55m] [Pref: 30 - 55m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
P
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
O
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1063
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET
X
DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
X
DF X
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU
X
EPC
F
VP
SP
SP

Buchnerillo sp. (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009)
Taxon: Isopod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Isopoda Suborder: Oniscidea Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Buddelundiellidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: Hawaii, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Taiti & Ferrara, 1991
Hawaii
1985
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 101210
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:09:03 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Only two species of Buchnerillo are known - Buchnerillo litoralis from the Mediterranean, Madeira, and
Florida and Buchnerillo oceanicus from Somalia. Thus it is likely that the unidentified species in Hawaii is introduced.
NEP
1064

Buchnerillo sp. (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009) Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
O
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Coastal Fringe
O
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY
Brackish Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1065
H
Supralittoral
O
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP

Caecijaera horvathi
Taxon: Isopod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Isopoda Suborder: Asellota Infraorder:
Superfamily: Janiroidea Family: Janiridae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: Los Angeles, California, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Menzies, 1951
Hawaii
1975
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 3356
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:09:03 PM
NEP
1950
Long Beach Harbor, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: The native range of Caecijaera horvathi is unknown, but CANOD (2009) considers it introduced in
California and Carlton and Eldredge (2009) consider it introduced in Hawaii. It lives inside burrows excavated in wood
by Limnoria species, and was likely introduced with Limnoria tripunctata.
1066

Caecijaera horvathi Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 10m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
O P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1067
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET
X
DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Dynoides dentisinus
Taxon: Isopod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Isopoda Suborder: Sphaeromatidea Infraorder:
Superfamily: Sphaeromatoidea Family: Sphaeromatidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Dynoidella conchicola Synonym
Dynoides conchicola Synonym
Type Locality: Peidaiho, China
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Shen, 1929
Hawaii
Species ID: 1105
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:09:03 PM
NEP
1977
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: In the NEP, the Asian Dynoides dentisinus has only been recorded from the San Francisco Estuary.
1068
O

Dynoides dentisinus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 1m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
X
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 16.5 - 29psu]
Fresh Brackish P
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O O O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P P
O
O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1069
H
Supralittoral
H
X
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI X
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Eurylana arcuata
Taxon: Isopod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Isopoda Suborder: Cymothoida Infraorder:
Superfamily: Cymothooidea Family: Cirolanidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Cirolana arcuata Synonym slater (Eurylana arcuata)
Cirolana robusta Synonym
Type Locality: New South Wales, Australia
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Hale, 1925)
Hawaii
Species ID: 1108
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:09:03 PM
NEP
1978
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: Eurylana arcuata (= Cirolana arcuata) is common in New Zealand and Chile but rare in Australia. We
follow NIMPIS (2009) and assume that it is native to New Zealand and cryptogenic in Australia, and thus introduced in
Chile. In the NEP, it has only been reported from the San Francisco Estuary, California.
1070

Eurylana arcuata Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
P Sub-Shallow
O
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
TP RI-PH
X X X
X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
P
Sand
P
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
O
O
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 16.9 - 31.2psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
O O P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B
O
Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1071
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC X
X
X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Exosphaeroma sp. (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009)
Taxon: Isopod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Isopoda Suborder: Sphaeromatidea Infraorder:
Superfamily: Sphaeromatoidea Family: Sphaeromatidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: Hawaii, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Coles et al., 2007
Hawaii
1996
Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 101204
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:09:03 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: Even though Exosphaeroma sp. has not been identified to species, it is considered nonindigenous in Hawaii
because no Exosphaeroma or related genera occur naturally in Hawaii (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009).
NEP
1072

Exosphaeroma sp. (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009) Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 2 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY [Obs: 32 - 34psu]
Brackish Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B
O
Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1073
H
Supralittoral
H
X
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Gnorimosphaeroma rayi
Taxon: Isopod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Isopoda Suborder: Sphaeromatidea Infraorder:
Superfamily: Sphaeromatoidea Family: Sphaeromatidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: Korea
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Hoestlandt, 1969
Hawaii
1972
Maui, Hawaii
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
Comments:
X
AO PO X
Species ID: 1543
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:09:03 PM
NEP
1952
Tomales Bay, California
Yes
REC
SF
HR
1074
O

Gnorimosphaeroma rayi Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
TP RI-PH X X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
O
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 15 - 30psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
O O P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1075
H
Supralittoral
H
X
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET
X
DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
DF X
DF-SUR X DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC X
X
X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Halophiloscia couchii
Taxon: Isopod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Isopoda Suborder: Oniscidea Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Halophilosciidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Halophiloscia aristotelis Synonym
Littorophiloscia bermudensis Synonym
Philoscia aristotelis Synonym
Philoscia bermudensis Synonym
Type Locality: Greece
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Kinahan, 1858)
Hawaii
1997
Midway Island, USA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A
X
Comments:
AO PO
Species ID: 101207
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:09:03 PM
P
REC
NEP
SF
HR
1076
O

Halophiloscia couchii Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
O
PAR
Mud
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
X
MAR
X
Shelf
MAN
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Coastal Fringe
O
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
O
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: - 36psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper O
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA
O
MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1077
H
Supralittoral
P
H
X
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
VP
SP
SP

Iais californica
Taxon: Isopod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Isopoda Suborder: Asellota Infraorder:
Superfamily: Janiroidea Family: Janiridae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Iais pubescens longistylis Synonym
Janiropsis californica Synonym
Type Locality: Sausalito, California, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Richardson, 1904)
Hawaii
Species ID: 1109
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:09:03 PM
NEP
1904
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Iais californica is a commensal on the wood-boring isopod Sphaeroma quoyanum. Presumably, it was
introduced into the NEP along with Sphaeroma.
1078
O

Iais californica Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 5 - 30psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
O O O O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P O O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1079
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S
X
DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Ligia exotica
Taxon: Isopod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Isopoda Suborder: Oniscidea Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Ligiidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 1881
Loc 1st record: Kyushu Island, Japan
Established: Yes
Taxonomic Author: Roux, 1828
Ligia filicornis Synonym
Ligia grandis Synonym
Ligyda exotica Synonym
Megaligia exotica Synonym
Type Locality:
Hawaii
1996
Hilo, Hawaii
Yes
common beach slater
sea roach
slater (Ligia exotica)
wharf roach
Species ID: 120201
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:09:03 PM
NEP
1950
San Pedro, California
Unknown
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: NEMESIS states that the native region of Ligia exotica is the Indo-Pacific from Japan south to Madagascar
and South Africa and not the Mediterranean. However, we follow Carlton and Eldredge (2009) and consider the native
region to be unknown. We use regional classifications where available; else we list it as unclassified.
1080

Ligia exotica Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
P
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Coastal Fringe
O
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
O
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 7 - 55psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper O
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O O
O O O O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O P O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1081
H
Supralittoral
P
H
X
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI X
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Limnoria quadripunctata
Taxon: Isopod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Isopoda Suborder: Limnoriidea Infraorder:
Superfamily: Limnorioidea Family: Limnoriidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Limnoria (Limnoria) quadripunctata Convention gribble (Limnoria quadripunctata)
Limnoria lignorum of MacGinitie, 1935; not (Rathke, 1799) Misidentified
Type Locality: Holland, Netherlands
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Holthuis, 1949
Hawaii
Species ID: 1114
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:09:03 PM
NEP
1873
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
X
AO PO
Comments: CANOD (2009) suggests that the Black/Caspian Seas is the native range of Limnoria quadripunctata;
however like many wood-boring species we consider the historical distribution unknown. We utilized regional
classifications when available, list it as a conflict in South Africa, and unclassified elsewhere.
1082

Limnoria quadripunctata Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
O
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 153m] [Pref: 0 - 30m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 16 - 48psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper O
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P O
O O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
P P O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1083
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET
X
DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Limnoria tripunctata
Taxon: Isopod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Isopoda Suborder: Limnoriidea Infraorder:
Superfamily: Limnorioidea Family: Limnoriidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Limnoria lignorum of pre-1957 Hawaiian authors Misidentified gribble (Limnoria tripunctata)
tripunctate gribble
Type Locality: San Diego, California, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 1943
Loc 1st record: Misaki, Japan
Established: Yes
Taxonomic Author: Menzies, 1951
Species ID: 1115
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:09:03 PM
Hawaii
NEP
1922
1871
Pearl and Honolulu Harbors, HI Los Angeles Harbor, CA
Yes
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P X
X
AO PO
Comments: Like many wood-boring species, the native range of Limnoria tripunctata is unknown. We use regional
classifications when available, and list it as unclassified in other areas. Besides boring in wooden ships, L. tripunctata
may have been transported by boring into wooden crates used to transport Japanese oysters to North America.
1084

Limnoria tripunctata Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 7m] [Pref: 0 - 7m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 27 - 42psu] [Pref: 30 - 42psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper P
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P P
O O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P P O P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1085
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET
X
DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Littorophiloscia culebrae
Taxon: Isopod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Isopoda Suborder: Oniscidea Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Philosciidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Chaetophiloscia dartevellei Synonym
Philoscia culebrae Synonym
Philoscia dartevellei Synonym
Philoscia miamiensis Synonym
Type Locality: Puerto Rico
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Moore, 1901)
Hawaii
1984
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 101206
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:09:03 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: We consider the NWA and Caribbean as the possible native region for Littorophiloscia culebrae (see
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009). It is a strictly littoral species found under debris on sandy and rocky shores.
NEP
1086
O

Littorophiloscia culebrae Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
TP RI-PH
Coastal Fringe
P
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
O
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Coastal Fringe
P
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
O
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW
P
R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1087
H
Supralittoral
P
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC X
X X
F
VP
SP
SP

Mesanthura sp. (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009)
Taxon: Isopod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Isopoda Suborder: Cymothoida Infraorder:
Superfamily: Anthuroidea Family: Anthuridae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Carlton & Eldredge, 2009
Hawaii
1996
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 101205
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:09:03 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: Although the Hawaiian Mesanthura sp. has not been identified to species, it is considered nonindigenous
because it is unlikely to have been missed in the surveys prior to 1996 (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009).
NEP
1088
O

Mesanthura sp. (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009) Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
SynH
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 6m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
O Sub-Shallow
O
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: - 33psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
K
Mixed Sediments
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O O
1089
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Munna sp. A (Cohen and Carlton, 1995)
Taxon: Isopod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Isopoda Suborder: Asellota Infraorder:
Superfamily: Janiroidea Family: Munnidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Munna sp. 1 (Cohen et al., 1998)? Synonym
Uromunna sp. A SAFIT Synonym
Uromunna sp. A Wilson Synonym
Type Locality: California, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Chapman
Hawaii
Species ID: 1092
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:09:03 PM
NEP
1993-1994
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Unknown
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: An unknown Munna species (= Uromunna sp.) was discovered in the San Francisco Estuary in 1993/1994.
Establishment of this species is uncertain.
1090

Munna sp. A (Cohen and Carlton, 1995) Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish P
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B
O
Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1091
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Niambia capensis
Taxon: Isopod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Isopoda Suborder: Oniscidea Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Platyarthridae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Metoponorthus capensis Synonym
Porcellio littorina Synonym
Porcellionides capensis Synonym
Type Locality: Namibia, South Africa
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Dollfus, 1895)
Hawaii
Species ID: 11363
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:09:03 PM
1936
California
Yes
VECTORS
SH MS AF ID RE AP X
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
AO PO
X
Comments:
REC
NEP
SF
HR
1092
O

Niambia capensis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X X
Coastal Fringe
P
PAR
Mud
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
O
Shelf
MAN
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Coastal Fringe
P
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
O
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
O
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - psu] [Pref: 0 - psu]
Fresh O Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
O O O O O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic O
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW
O
R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1093
H
Supralittoral
P
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET
X
DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC X
F
VP
SP
SP

Olibrinus truncatus
Taxon: Isopod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Isopoda Suborder: Oniscidea Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Olibrinidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: Hawaii, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Taiti & Ferrara, 1991
Hawaii
1985
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 101211
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:09:03 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Olibrinus truncatus may be native to the Southern Hemisphere (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009). It is common
in mangrove forests under stones and logs.
NEP
1094

Olibrinus truncatus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR
UV-CS UV-TF
X
UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
O
PAR
Mud
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
MAN
X
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Coastal Fringe
O
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1095
H
Supralittoral
P
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU
X
EPC X
F
VP
SP
SP

Orthione griffenis
Taxon: Isopod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Isopoda Suborder: Cymothoida Infraorder:
Superfamily: Bopyroidea Family: Bopyridae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Griffen's isopod
Type Locality: Yaquina Bay, Oregon, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Markham, 2004
Hawaii
Species ID: 110017
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:09:03 PM
NEP
ca. 2000
Yaquina Bay, Oregon
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: There is disagreement as to whether Orthione griffenis is native, cryptogenic, or introduced in the NEP
(e.g., Williams and An, 2009; Dumbauld et al., 2011). We believe the evidence is sufficient to classify this parasite of
Upogebia pugettensis as NIS in the NEP and native to Asia.
1096

Orthione griffenis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
X
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 2m] [Pref: 0 - 2m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
O P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1097
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
Pelagic
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Benthic Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Paracerceis sculpta
Taxon: Isopod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Isopoda Suborder: Sphaeromatidea Infraorder:
Superfamily: Sphaeromatoidea Family: Sphaeromatidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 1986
Loc 1st record: Uwajima, Japan
Established: Yes
Taxonomic Author: (Holmes, 1904)
Cilicaea sculpta Synonym
Dynamene sculpta Synonym
Paracerceis angra Synonym
Paracerceis japonica Synonym
Type Locality: San Clemente Island, California, USA
sponge isopod
Tsunoo-umisemi
Hawaii
1943
Pearl and Hilo Harbors, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 610
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:09:03 PM
Native
Native
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
Comments:
X
AO PO
REC
NEP
SF
HR
1098
O

Paracerceis sculpta Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X TP RI-PH X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 200m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 6.32 - 96.42%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
O
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 28 - 46psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper O
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P O
K
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
O
O P O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1099
H
Supralittoral
H
X
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC X
X X
X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Paradella dianae
Taxon: Isopod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Isopoda Suborder: Sphaeromatidea Infraorder:
Superfamily: Sphaeromatoidea Family: Sphaeromatidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Dynamenella dianae Synonym
Dynamenopsis dianae Synonym
Type Locality: Bahia de San Quintin, Mexico
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Menzies, 1962)
Hawaii
2002
Kauai, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 11340
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:09:03 PM
Native
Native
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
Comments:
X
AO PO
REC
NEP
SF
HR
1100
O

Paradella dianae Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X TP RI-PH X X X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 30.48m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 51 - 52%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
O
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 13 - 38psu] [Pref: 31 - 38psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P P
O O O
K
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P P
P O P P P
SynH
SA
X
SeqH
X
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1101
H
Supralittoral
H
X
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC X
X X
X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Paralimnoria andrewsi
Taxon: Isopod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Isopoda Suborder: Limnoriidea Infraorder:
Superfamily: Limnorioidea Family: Limnoriidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Limnoria andrewsi Synonym
Type Locality: Christmas Island, Australia
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: 1943
Loc 1st record: Japan
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Calman, 1910)
Hawaii
1922
Honolulu and Kauai, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 122852
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:09:03 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: Carlton and Eldredge (2009) consider the wood boring isopod, Paralimnoria andrewsi, to be introduced in
the Atlantic and Hawaii, and "perhaps Japan as well."
NEP
1102

Paralimnoria andrewsi Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 4m] [Pref: 0 - 4m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P P O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1103
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET
X
DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Paranthura japonica
Taxon: Isopod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Isopoda Suborder: Anthuridea Infraorder: Cymothoida
Superfamily: Anthuroidea Family: Paranthuridae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Paranthura sp. (Cohen and Carlton, 1995) Synonym
Paranthura sp. of Cohen and Carlton, 1995 Synonym
Type Locality: Japan
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Richardson, 1909
Hawaii
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
Comments:
X
AO PO
Species ID: 3549
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:09:03 PM
NEP
1993
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
REC
SF
HR
1104
O

Paranthura japonica Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
TP RI-PH
X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 15m] [Pref: 0 - 15m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 23 - 36.5psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O O
O P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
P
P O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1105
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
DF X
DF-SUR X DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Pistorius bidens
Taxon: Isopod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Isopoda Suborder: Sphaeromatidea Infraorder:
Superfamily: Sphaeromatoidea Family: Sphaeromatidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: Queensland, Australia
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Harrison & Holdich, 1982
Hawaii
2002
Kauai, Hawaii
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
Comments:
X
AO PO
Species ID: 101203
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:09:03 PM
REC
NEP
SF
HR
1106
O

Pistorius bidens Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
P Sub-Shallow
O
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1107
H
Supralittoral
H
X
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Platyarthrus aiasensis
Taxon: Isopod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Isopoda Suborder: Oniscidea Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Platyarthridae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Platyarthrus schoebli aiasensis Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Taxonomic Author: Legrand, 1954
Species ID: 11364
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:09:03 PM
NWP
Hawaii
NEP
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
before 1989
Established:
Yes
VECTORS
SH MS AF ID RE AP X REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
X
Comments: Platyarthrus aiasensis has been introduced into southern California and Texas from the Northeast
Atlantic/Mediterranean. P. aiasensis is a terrestrial species that lives in ant nests (myrmecophile) and may occur in
coastal fringes.
1108

Platyarthrus aiasensis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
O
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Coastal Fringe
O
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
P
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY
Brackish Marine Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1109
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
Pelagic
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Benthic Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP

Porcellio dilatatus
Taxon: Isopod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Isopoda Suborder: Oniscidea Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Porcellionidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Euporcellio dilatatus Synonym
Porcellio spinicornis occidentalis Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Brandt, 1833
Hawaii
1923
Puu Kamaoa, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 11365
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:09:03 PM
NEP
1908
San Luis Obispo, California
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP X REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR X A P
X
AO PO
X
Comments: Porcellio dilatatus is a terrestrial isopod though it may be found in the general vicinity of estuarine and
coastal water bodies.
1110
O

Porcellio dilatatus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS
X
UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
O
PAR
Mud
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 0m] [Pref: 0 - 0m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Coastal Fringe
O
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 19 - 71%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
O
O
Terrestrial
P
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY
Brackish Marine Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
K
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW
P
R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1111
H
Supralittoral
O
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET
X
DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU
X
EPC X
F
VP
SP
SP

Porcellio laevis
Taxon: Isopod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Isopoda Suborder: Oniscidea Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Porcellionidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Porcellio aztecus Synonym
Porcellio cubensis Synonym
Porcellio formosus Synonym
Porcellio interruptus Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Latreille, 1804
Hawaii
1927
Molokai and Maui, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 11366
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:09:03 PM
NEP
1908
Channel Islands, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP X REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
X
Comments: Porcellio laevis is a terrestrial isopod that can be found in the coastal fringe, occasionally co-occurring with
talidrid amphipods. It is considered a “cosmopolitan” species (Brusca et al., 2007) that is native to Europe and North
Africa but that has invaded the NWP, NEP, Hawaii, and many other regions.
1112

Porcellio laevis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
O
PAR
Mud
Sand
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Coastal Fringe
O
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
P
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY
Brackish Marine Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic O
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW
O
R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1113
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET
X
DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU
X
EPC X
F
VP
SP
SP

Porcellio lamellatus
Taxon: Isopod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Isopoda Suborder: Oniscidea Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Porcellionidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Porcellio lamellatus lamellatus Convention
Type Locality: NE Algeria
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Budde-Lund, 1885
Hawaii
1973
Kauai, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 122862
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:09:03 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP X REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
X
Comments: Porcellio lamellatus is a terrestrial isopod that can be found in the coastal fringe. It has been found in leaf
litter, under debris, and in in the vicinity of mangroves in the Hawaiian Islands.
NEP
1114

Porcellio lamellatus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated X SAV
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
P
PAR
Mud
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
P
X
MAR
X
Shelf
MAN
X
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 0m] [Pref: 0 - 0m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Coastal Fringe
P
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
P
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY
Brackish Marine Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
P
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic O
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1115
H
Supralittoral
O
H
X
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET
X
DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU
X
EPC X
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Porcellio scaber
Taxon: Isopod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Isopoda Suborder: Oniscidea Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Porcellionidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Philoscia tuberculata Synonym woodlouse
Porcellio gemmulatus Synonym
Porcellio montezumae Synonym
Porcellio nigra Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Latreille, 1804
1922
Hawaii
Yes
Hawaii
Species ID: 3806
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:09:03 PM
Unknown
Unknown
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP X REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR X A P
X
AO PO
X
Comments: Porcellio scaber is a terrestrial isopod though it may be found in the general vicinity of estuarine and
coastal water bodies.
NEP
1116
O

Porcellio scaber Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
P
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Coastal Fringe
O
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
P
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY
Brackish Marine Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic O
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW
O
R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1117
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET
X
DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU
X
EPC X
F
VP
SP
SP

Pseudosphaeroma sp. (Bruce and Wetzer, 2008)
Taxon: Isopod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Isopoda Suborder: Sphaeromatidea Infraorder:
Superfamily: Sphaeromatoidea Family: Sphaeromatidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Pseudosphaeroma campbellensis of Hurley and Jansen, 1977Misidentified
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Bruce & Wetzer, 2008
Hawaii
Species ID: 100644
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:09:03 PM
NEP
2000
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: Pseudosphaeroma is a southern hemisphere genus that has been introduced into the San Francisco Estuary,
California and Coos Bay, Oregon, presumably from New Zealand. The introduced species is not P. campbellensis
(Bruce and Wetzer, 2008), and may be different from the species in Australia and Chile.
1118

Pseudosphaeroma sp. (Bruce and Wetzer, 2008) Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
O Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish P
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O O O P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1119
H
Supralittoral
H
X
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Sphaeroma quoianum
Taxon: Isopod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Isopoda Suborder: Sphaeromatidea Infraorder:
Superfamily: Sphaeromatoidea Family: Sphaeromatidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Sphaeroma pentodon Synonym pillbug (Sphaeroma quoianum)
Sphaeroma quoyanum Synonym
Type Locality: Tasmania, Australia
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Milne-Edwards, 1840
Hawaii
ca. 1920
Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii
No
Species ID: 1126
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:09:03 PM
NEP
1883
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: Sphaeroma quoianum burrows into peat, clay, decaying wood, sandstone, and even Styrofoam buoys It was
recorded once from Hawaii around 1920 but has not been collected since.
1120

Sphaeroma quoianum Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF
X
UV-SUB X
TP RI-PH X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
P
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 2m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
P Sub-Shallow
O
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 3.8 - 43psu] [Pref: 5 - 30psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper O
Oligohaline O Mesohaline P Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P O
O P P P P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP O
Biogenic P Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
P O O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1121
H
Supralittoral
H
X
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Sphaeroma walkeri
Taxon: Isopod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Isopoda Suborder: Sphaeromatidea Infraorder:
Superfamily: Sphaeromatoidea Family: Sphaeromatidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: Sri Lanka
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Stebbing, 1905
Hawaii
1943
Hilo, Hawaii
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
Comments:
X
AO PO
Species ID: 1127
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:09:03 PM
NEP
1973
San Diego Bay, CA
Yes
REC
SF
HR
1122
O

Sphaeroma walkeri Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X TP RI-PH X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 9m] [Pref: 0 - 5m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
P Sub-Shallow
O
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 19.3 - 40psu] [Pref: 25 - 34psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper O
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P O
O P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O O P P P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1123
H
Supralittoral
H
X
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET
X
DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Synidotea laevidorsalis
Taxon: Isopod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Isopoda Suborder: Valvifera Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Idoteidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Edotia laevidorsalis Synonym
Synidotea grisea Synonym
Synidotea keablei Synonym
Synidotea laticauda Synonym
Type Locality: Tateyama Bay, Japan
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Miers, 1881)
Hawaii
Species ID: 1097
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:09:03 PM
NEP

Synidotea laevidorsalis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
TP RI-PH
X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
O
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 17m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
O Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 5.49 - 96.55%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
O
O
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0.1 - 31.85psu] [Pref: 20 - psu]
Fresh O Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline O Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
O O O O P O
K
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O O
O P O P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1125
H
Supralittoral
H
X
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Malacostraca
Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Mysida
1126

1127
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Deltamysis holmquistae
Taxon: Mysid
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Mysida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Mysidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Mysidopsis sp 1 of Phillips, 1987 Synonym
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Bowman & Orsi, 1992
Type Locality: San Joaquin, San Francisco Estuary, California, USA
Hawaii
Species ID: 1104
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:12:15 PM
NEP
1977
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Deltamysis holmquistae was originally described from the San Francisco Estuary. However, it is considered
introduced because it was first found in 1977 even though zooplankton surveys had been taking place in the San
Francisco Estuary since 1963. We assume it is epibenthic.
1128

Deltamysis holmquistae Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
O
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
O
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 1 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
O
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 19psu] [Pref: 1 - 2psu]
Fresh O Brackish P
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline P Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
P O O O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1129
H
Supralittoral
H
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic X Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM X SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP EPS
X
EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP
X

Holmesimysis costata
Taxon: Mysid
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Mysida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Mysidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Acanthomysis costata Synonym kelp forest mysid
Acanthomysis sculpta Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Holmes, 1900)
Hawaii
1967
Waikiki, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 395
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:12:15 PM
Native
Native
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Holmesimysis costata occurs in a variety of habitats, including in the canopies of the giant kelp,
Macrocystis pyrifera, on the U.S. Pacific coast.
NEP
HR
1130
O

Holmesimysis costata Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
TP RI-PH
X
X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
P
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
P
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 6.4m] [Pref: - 3m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
O Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 9.64 - 9.64%] X
Sand
O
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 15 - 36psu] [Pref: 30 - 36psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P P
O O O
K
X
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1131
H
Supralittoral
H
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic X Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP EPS EPU
X
EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP
X

Hyperacanthomysis longirostris
Taxon: Mysid
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Mysida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Mysidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Acanthomysis bowmani Synonym
Acanthomysis longirostris Synonym
Acanthomysis sp. (Cohen and Carlton, 1995) Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (li, 1936)
Hawaii
Species ID: 1085
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:12:15 PM
NEP
1993
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: The mysid Hyperacanthomysis longirostris (= Acanthomysis bowmani) is classified as NIS in the NEP
based on its relatively recent discovery in the San Francisco Estuary.
1132
O

Hyperacanthomysis longirostris Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
O
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
P
Sand
X
MAR
X
Shelf
MAN
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 6m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
O
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 20psu] [Pref: 1 - 10psu]
Fresh O Brackish P
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline P Mesohaline P Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
P P P O O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1133
H
Supralittoral
H
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
Pelagic X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Benthic Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP EPS EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP
X

Neomysis japonica
Taxon: Mysid
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Mysida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Mysidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: Japan
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Nakazawa, 1910
Hawaii
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
Comments:
AO PO
Species ID: 11674
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:12:15 PM
NEP
2004
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
REC
SF
HR
1134
O

Neomysis japonica Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
P
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: - 6m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 10 - 20psu] [Pref: 10 - 20psu]
Fresh Brackish P
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline P Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O O P P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1135
H
Supralittoral
H
X
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
Pelagic X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Benthic Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP EPS EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP
X

Orientomysis aspera
Taxon: Mysid
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Mysida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Mysidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Acanthomysis aspera Synonym
Type Locality: Kojima Bay, Japan
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Ii, 1964)
Hawaii
Species ID: 1084
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:12:15 PM
NEP
1992
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Orientomysis aspera (= Acanthomysis aspera) is an Asian brackish water mysid that invaded the San
Francisco Estuary in 1992. It appears to have an epibenthic life style.
1136
O

Orientomysis aspera Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
P
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
O
Sand
O
DEPTH [Obs: 1 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines
O
Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 4 - 30psu]
Fresh Brackish P
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline P Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O O P P O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1137
H
Supralittoral
H
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic X Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM X SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP
X
EPS EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP
X

Orientomysis hwanhaiensis
Taxon: Mysid
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Mysida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Mysidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Acanthomysis hwanhaiensis Synonym
Type Locality: Kaishu Bay, North Korea
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Ii, 1964)
Hawaii
Species ID: 1099
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:12:15 PM
NEP
1997
San Fransico Estuary, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Orientomysis hwanhaiensis (= Acanthomysis hwanhaiensis) is an Asian brackish water mysid that invaded
the San Francisco Estuary in 1997. It appears to have an epibenthic life style. It is rare in the San Francisco Estuary.
1138

Orientomysis hwanhaiensis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
O
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
P
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
O
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 3m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
O Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines
O
Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 9.8 - 30.4psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
O O O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1139
H
Supralittoral
H
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic X Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM X SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP
X
EPS EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP
X

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Malacostraca
Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Tanaidacea
1140

1141
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Apseudes sp. (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009)
Taxon: Tanaid
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Tanaidacea Suborder: Apseudomorpha Infraorder:
Superfamily: Apseudoidea Family: Apseudidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: Hawaii, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Muir, 1997
Hawaii
1996
Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 170038
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:44:37 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: The undescribed Apseudes in Hawaii most closely resembles the Japanese Apseudes nipponicus but there
are sufficient differences to consider it a different species. Given that it was not observed in earlier surveys, it is
considered introduced (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009).
1142
NEP

Apseudes sp. (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009) Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: - 29m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY [Obs: - 30.5psu]
Brackish Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1143
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Parapseudes pedispinis
Taxon: Tanaid
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Tanaidacea Suborder: Apseudomorpha Infraorder:
Superfamily: Apseudoidea Family: Parapseudidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Dalapseudes pedispinis Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Boone, 1923)
Hawaii
1996
Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 122854
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:44:37 PM
Native
Native
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
Comments:
X
AO PO
REC
NEP
SF
HR
1144
O

Parapseudes pedispinis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0.25 - 12.8m] [Pref: 0.25 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
X X
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: - 34psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1145
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Sinelobus stanfordi Cmplx
Taxon: Tanaid
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Tanaidacea Suborder: Tanaidomorpha Infraorder:
Superfamily: Tanaoidea Family: Tanaidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Sinelobus sp. (Cohen and Carlton 1995) Ambiguous syn.
Sinelobus sp. (Cohen, 2007) Ambiguous syn.
Sinelobus sp. of NEP authors Ambiguous syn.
Sinelobus stanfordi complex Convention
Type Locality: Clipperton Island, France
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: before 1938
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Richardson 1901)
Hawaii
Species ID: 5301
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:44:37 PM
1943
Unknown
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X X
AO PO X
Comments: Sinelobus stanfordi is considered an “Unresolved Complex” by CANOD (2009) which notes that its
presence in the NEP may represent a natural range extension from the south. However, Cohen (2007) classifies it as
introduced in central California. It has been classified as cryptogenic in Japan (Doi et al., 2011).
1146
NEP

Sinelobus stanfordi Cmplx Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X X TP RI-PH
X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
P
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 1.5m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
P Sub-Shallow
O
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
O
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 1.7 - 90%] X
Sand
O
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 27.68psu]
Fresh O Brackish P
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O O O O O O
K
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O P
O
P O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1147
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET
X
DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
X
DF X
DF-SUR X DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Malacostraca
Superorder: Eucarida
Order: Decapoda
1148

1149
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Acantholobulus pacificus
Taxon: Decapod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Eucarida
Order: Decapoda Suborder: Pleocyemata Infraorder: Brachyura
Superfamily: Xanthoidea Family: Panopeidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type):
Acantholobulus mirafloresensis re:Felder and Martin, 2003 Ambiguous syn.
Common Names:
Neopanope sp.? of Edmondsom, 1931 Ambiguous syn.
Panopeus mirafloresensis re:Felder and Martin, 2003 Ambiguous syn.
Panopeus pacificus Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Edmondson, 1931)
Hawaii
1929
Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 122860
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:02:22 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: It is not certain whether Acantholobulus pacificus is native to the Indo-Pacific, Tropical Eastern Pacific or
Tropical Western Atlantic (see Felder and Martin, 2003; Paulay, 2011). While Carlton and Eldredge (2009) tentatively
assign its native range to the Tropical Eastern Pacific, we list it as unclassified in areas outside Hawaii.
1150
NEP

Acantholobulus pacificus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0.25 - 13m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 25 - 35psu] [Pref: - 32psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1151
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X X X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Callinectes sapidus
Taxon: Decapod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Eucarida
Order: Decapoda Suborder: Pleocyemata Infraorder: Brachyura
Superfamily: Portunoidea Family: Portunidae Subfamily: Portuninae
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 1975
Loc 1st record: Lake Hamana, Japan
Established: Unknown
Taxonomic Author: Rathbun, 1896
Callinectes sapidus acutidens Convention
Portunus diacantha Synonym
Type Locality:
Hawaii
1985
Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii
No
Blå svømmekrabbe
blauwe krab
blauwe zwemkrab
blue crab
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
Comments:
X AO PO X
Species ID: 3463
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:02:22 PM
NEP
1897
San Francisco Estuary, CA
No
REC
SF
X
HR
1152
O

Callinectes sapidus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X X
TP RI-PH
X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
P
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
O
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 90m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines
O
Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 3 - 35psu] [Pref: 20 - 30psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline O Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
O O O P P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1153
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM X SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X X
F
VP
SP
SP

Carcinus aestuarii
Taxon: Decapod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Eucarida
Order: Decapoda Suborder: Pleocyemata Infraorder: Brachyura
Superfamily: Portunoidea Family: Portunidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 1984
Loc 1st record: Tokyo Bay, Japan
Established: Yes
Taxonomic Author: Nardo, 1847
Carcinus maenas aestuarii Synonym
Carcinus mediterraneus Synonym
Portunus menoides Synonym
Type Locality:
Hawaii
Chichukai-midorigani
Mediterranean green crab
Species ID: 3012001
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:02:22 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: Japanese populations represent hybrids between the European Carcinus maenas and the Mediterranean C.
aestuarii (Darling et at., 2008). The non-native Carcinus in South Africa may represent C. maenas, C. aestuarii, both
species, or a hybrid of the two (Carlton and Cohen, 2003), and Mead et al. (2011) does not list C. maenas in South
Africa.
1154
NEP

Carcinus aestuarii Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
TP RI-PH X X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
O
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 5m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
O Sub-Shallow
O
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 4.4 - 38psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P O
O O O O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1155
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X X X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC X
X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Carcinus maenas
Taxon: Decapod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Eucarida
Order: Decapoda Suborder: Pleocyemata Infraorder: Brachyura
Superfamily: Portunoidea Family: Portunidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 1984
Loc 1st record: Tokyo Bay, Japan
Established: Yes
Taxonomic Author: (Linnaeus, 1758)
Cancer granarius Synonym
Cancer maenas Synonym
Cancer pygmeus Synonym
Cancer rhomboidalis Synonym
Type Locality: Marstrand, west coast of Sweden
Hawaii
1873
Honolulu, Hawaii
No
European green crab
European shore crab
green crab
Species ID: 1102
Print Date: 10/2/2012 2:22:41 PM
NEP
1989
Estero Americano, California
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P X X
X
AO PO
Comments: Japanese populations represent hybrids between the European Carcinus maenas and the Mediterranean C.
aestuarii (Darling et at., 2008).
1156

Carcinus maenas Print Date: 10/2/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 200m] [Pref: 0 - 60m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
P
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
TP RI-PH X X
X X
X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
O
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
O
O
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 1.4 - 54psu] [Pref: 13 - 30psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper O
Oligohaline O Mesohaline P Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P O
O O O P P P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1157
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Deiratonotus cristatum
Taxon: Decapod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Eucarida
Order: Decapoda Suborder: Pleocyemata Infraorder: Brachyura
Superfamily: Ocypodoidea Family: Camptandriidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Deiratonotus cristatus Convention
Paracleistostoma cristatum Synonym
Type Locality: Tokyo Bay, Japan
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 1998
Loc 1st record: Sakhalin Island, Russia
Established: Yes
Taxonomic Author: (De Man, 1895)
Hawaii
Species ID: 2011611
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:02:22 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Deiratonotus cristatum [= Paracleistostoma cristatum] is an "Asian subtropical-tropical species." It was first
found in the estuaries of southern Sakhalin Island in 1998 and is considered introduced into the Sea of Okhotsk by
Zvyagintsev et al. (2011) though this may represent a natural transient range extension.
1158
NEP

Deiratonotus cristatum Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR
UV-CS UV-TF
X
UV-SUB X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
MAN
X
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines
P
Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
O
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 22psu]
Fresh O Brackish P
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O O O O O
K
Mixed Sediments
O
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic O
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1159
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Eriocheir sinensis
Taxon: Decapod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Eucarida
Order: Decapoda Suborder: Pleocyemata Infraorder: Brachyura
Superfamily: Grapsoidea Family: Varunidae Subfamily: Varuninae
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 1999 (introduced)
Loc 1st record: Japan (introduced)
Established: Unknown
Taxonomic Author: Milne Edwards, 1853
Eriocheir sinensis f. acutifrons Synonym
Eriocheir sinensis f. rostratus Synonym
Eriocheir sinensis f. rotundifrons Synonym
Eriocheir sinensis f. trilobata Synonym
Type Locality:
Hawaii
Chinese mitten crab
mitten crab
Species ID: 1107
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:02:22 PM
NEP
1994
San Fransico Estuary, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P X
X
AO PO X
Comments: Eriocheir sinensis is native to northern and eastern China, as well as western Korea. According to Iwasaki
(2006), the Chinese mitten crab was introduced into Japan around 1999, while Takeda and Koizumi (2005) reported it
from Tokyo Bay in 2004. It is not known if it became established in Japan.
1160

Eriocheir sinensis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
X X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
O
Shelf
MAN
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 16.8m] [Pref: 0 - 10m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines
O
Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
P
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Lakes
O
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 33psu] [Pref: 0 - 25psu]
Fresh P Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline P Mesohaline P Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
P P P P P P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1161
H
Supralittoral
H
X
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM X SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC X
X X
F
VP
SP
SP

Exopalaemon carinicauda
Taxon: Decapod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Eucarida
Order: Decapoda Suborder: Pleocyemata Infraorder: Caridea
Superfamily: Palaemonoidea Family: Palaemonidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Exopalaemon sp. (Cohen and Carlton, 1995) Synonym ridgetail prawn
Leander carinatus Synonym
Palaemon carinicauda Synonym
Type Locality: China
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Holthuis, 1950)
Hawaii
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO X
Comments: Establishment of Exopalaemon carinicauda in the NEP is uncertain.
Species ID: 3360
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:02:22 PM
NEP
1993
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Unknown
REC
SF
X
HR
1162
O

Exopalaemon carinicauda Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
TP RI-PH
X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 26m] [Pref: 0 - 5m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 2 - 28psu]
Fresh Brackish P
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O O O O O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic O
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1163
H
Supralittoral
H
X
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM X SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X X
X X
F
VP
SP
SP

Fenneropenaeus chinensis
Taxon: Decapod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Eucarida
Order: Decapoda Suborder: Dendrobranchiata Infraorder:
Superfamily: Penaeoidea Family: Penaeidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 1965 (introduced)
Loc 1st record: Japan (introduced)
Established: Unknown
Taxonomic Author: (Osbeck, 1765)
Cancer chinensis Synonym
Penaeus (Fenneropenaeus) chinensis Synonym
Penaeus chinensis Synonym
Penaeus orientalis Synonym
Type Locality:
Hawaii
Chinese fleshy prawn
Chinese white prawn
fleshy prawn
Species ID: 100755
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:02:22 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X AO PO
Comments: Fenneropenaeus chinensis (= Penaeus orientalis, P.chinensis) is endemic to the Yellow Sea. It has been
introduced into Japan for aquaculture, though it is not known if it is established in the wild.
NEP
1164
O

Fenneropenaeus chinensis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
P
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 90 - 180m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 2 - 22psu]
Fresh Brackish P
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O O O O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1165
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET
X
DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM X SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X X
F
VP
SP
SP

Fenneropenaeus merguiensis
Taxon: Decapod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Eucarida
Order: Decapoda Suborder: Dendrobranchiata Infraorder:
Superfamily: Penaeoidea Family: Penaeidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Penaeus indicus merguiensis Synonym banana prawn
Penaeus merguiensis Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (De Man, 1888)
Hawaii
Species ID: 100670
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:02:22 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X AO PO
Comments: Fenneropenaeus merguiensis (=Penaeus merguiensis) became established in estuarine areas in Fiji after
being introduced from Tahiti in 1974-1975 (Eldredge, 1994). Additionally, it is stocked in southern China (Chavanich
et al., 2010), though it is not known if it has established wild populations.
1166
NEP

Fenneropenaeus merguiensis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
P
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
MAN
X
DEPTH [Obs: 10 - 55m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 15 - 33psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
O O P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic O
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN
O
DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1167
H
Supralittoral
H
X
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM X SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
VP
SP
SP

Glabropilumnus seminudus
Taxon: Decapod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Eucarida
Order: Decapoda Suborder: Pleocyemata Infraorder: Brachyura
Superfamily: Pilumnoidea Family: Pilumnidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Pilumnus seminudus Synonym hairy crab
Type Locality: Thursday Island, Australia
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Miers, 1884)
Hawaii
2003
Molokai and Maui, Hawaii
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
Comments:
X
AO PO
Species ID: 122857
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:02:22 PM
REC
NEP
SF
HR
1168
O

Glabropilumnus seminudus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR
X
O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY
Brackish Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1169
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Homarus americanus
Taxon: Decapod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Eucarida
Order: Decapoda Suborder: Macrura Reptantia Infraorder: Astacidea
Superfamily: Nephropoidea Family: Nephropidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
American lobster
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: 1914
Loc 1st record: Japan
Established: Unknown
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Milne Edwards, 1837
Hawaii
Species ID: 3462
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:02:22 PM
NEP
1874
San Francisco Estuary, CA
No
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P X
X AO PO
Comments: The American lobster, Homarus americanus, has been released into the wild several times in Japan, though
it is not known if it has become established. It has been released several times on the U.S./Canadian Pacific Coast and
reported in Europe, though it is not established in either of these regions.
1170

Homarus americanus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
TP RI-PH X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 700m] [Pref: 5 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
P
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
O
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 10.5 - 32psu] [Pref: 25 - 31.8psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
O O P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R
P
P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1171
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X X
F
VP
SP
SP

Homarus gammarus
Taxon: Decapod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Eucarida
Order: Decapoda Suborder: Macrura Reptantia Infraorder: Astacidea
Superfamily: Nephropoidea Family: Nephropidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: 1978
Loc 1st record: Japan
Established: Unknown
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Linnaeus, 1758)
Cancer gammarus Synonym
Homarus vulgaris Synonym
Type Locality: west coast of Sweden
Hawaii
common lobster
European lobster
Species ID: 100756
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:02:22 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X AO PO
Comments: Homarus gammarus was introduced into Japan in 1978 (Iwasaki, 2006), however the exact location is
unknown nor whether it became established.
NEP
1172
O

Homarus gammarus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
TP RI-PH X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
O
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 700m] [Pref: 16 - 50m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep O
P
P
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 13.6 - 35psu] [Pref: 26 - psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
O O P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R
O
P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1173
H
Supralittoral
H
X
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X X
F
VP
SP
SP

Hyastenus spinosus
Taxon: Decapod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Eucarida
Order: Decapoda Suborder: Pleocyemata Infraorder: Brachyura
Superfamily: Majoidea Family: Epialtidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
spiny spider crab
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Milne-Edwards, 1872
Hawaii
2006
Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
Comments:
X
AO PO
Species ID: 170043
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:02:22 PM
REC
NEP
SF
HR
1174
O

Hyastenus spinosus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
TP RI-PH
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
P
SynH
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
P
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 9 - 124m] [Pref: 22 - 123m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
P
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines
P
Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
K
Mixed Sediments
P
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P O
1175
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Litopenaeus stylirostris
Taxon: Decapod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Eucarida
Order: Decapoda Suborder: Dendrobranchiata Infraorder:
Superfamily: Penaeoidea Family: Penaeidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: 1999
Loc 1st record: China
Established: Unknown
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Stimpson, 1871)
Penaeus (Litopenaeus) stylirostris Synonym
Penaeus stylirostris Synonym
Type Locality: Panama
1970s
Hawaii
No
Hawaii
blue shrimp
camarón azul
Western blue shrimp
Species ID: 101259
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:02:22 PM
Native
Native
Yes
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X AO PO
Comments: Litopenaeus stylirostris has been imported for aquaculture into China, Taiwan, Thailand, Indonesia, and the
Pacific Islands (Funge-Smith and Briggs, 2003). It is unknown whether it has become established in the wild in any of
these areas. It was also introduced into Hawaii and Guam but did not become established.
1176
NEP

Litopenaeus stylirostris Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
O
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
P
Sand
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 45m] [Pref: 0 - 27m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines
P
Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 25 - 36psu] [Pref: - 30psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
P
P O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1177
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET
X
DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF X
DF-SUR X DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM X SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X X
F
VP
SP
SP

Litopenaeus vannamei
Taxon: Decapod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Eucarida
Order: Decapoda Suborder: Dendrobranchiata Infraorder:
Superfamily: Penaeoidea Family: Penaeidae Subfamily:
Species ID: 100766
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Penaeus vannamei Synonym camarón patiblanco
Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)
West Coast white shrimp
whiteleg shrimp
Type Locality: Gulf of Panama, Panama
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: 1988
Loc 1st record: China
Established: Unknown
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Boone, 1931)
1970s
Hawaii
No
Hawaii
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:02:22 PM
Native
Native
Yes
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X AO PO
Comments: Litopenaeus vannamei has been imported for aquaculture into China, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam,
Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, India, and the Pacific Islands (Funge-Smith and Briggs, 2003). It is unknown whether
it has become established in the wild in any of these areas.
1178
NEP

Litopenaeus vannamei Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
O
Shelf
MAN
X
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 72m] [Pref: 1.5 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines
O
Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0.5 - 40psu] [Pref: 10 - 15psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine O Hyper O
Oligohaline O Mesohaline P Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O O
O O O P O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic O
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN
O
DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1179
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET
X
DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF X
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM X SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
VP
SP
SP

Macrobrachium lar
Taxon: Decapod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Eucarida
Order: Decapoda Suborder: Pleocyemata Infraorder: Caridea
Superfamily: Palaemonoidea Family: Palaemonidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Palaemon ornatus Synonym Monkey River prawn
Tahitian prawn
Type Locality: India
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Fabricius, 1798)
Hawaii
1956
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 170041
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:02:22 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X AO PO
Comments: Macrobrachium lar is primarily a freshwater shrimp, though adults may occur at salinities up to 3 psu and
the larvae may occur in brackish and fully marine waters.
NEP
1180

Macrobrachium lar Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
TP RI-PH X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
P
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 3psu] [Pref: 0 - psu]
Fresh P Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline P Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
P O O O O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1181
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM X SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X X X
F
VP
SP
SP

Macrobrachium rosenbergii
Taxon: Decapod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Eucarida
Order: Decapoda Suborder: Pleocyemata Infraorder: Caridea
Superfamily: Palaemonoidea Family: Palaemonidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
giant freshwater prawn
giant river prawn
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Unknown
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (De Man, 1879)
1965
Hawaii
No
Hawaii
Species ID: 222023
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:02:22 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X AO PO
Comments: Macrobrachium rosenbergii is a freshwater prawn though the females migrate to brackish water to spawn. It
is native to the Central Indo-Pacific and has been introduced into China and at least 42 other countries for aquaculture.
It is not known if it is established in the wild in China or the NWP; it did not become established in Hawaii.
1182
NEP

Macrobrachium rosenbergii Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 1.2 - 3m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
P
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 25psu] [Pref: 0 - 2psu]
Fresh P Brackish P
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline P Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
P O O O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1183
H
Supralittoral
H
X
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM X SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X X
F
VP
SP
SP

Marsupenaeus japonicus
Taxon: Decapod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Eucarida
Order: Decapoda Suborder: Dendrobranchiata Infraorder:
Superfamily: Penaeoidea Family: Penaeidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: 1994
Loc 1st record: Yellow Sea
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Bate, 1888)
Penaeus canaliculatus japonicus Synonym
Penaeus japonicus Synonym
Penaeus pulchricaudatus Synonym
Type Locality:
1970s
Hawaii
No
Hawaii
Kuruma ebi
kuruma prawn
kuruma shrimp
Saimaki ebi (juveniles)
Species ID: 15484
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:02:22 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X AO PO
Comments: The Yellow Sea Project (UNDP/GEF, 2007) lists Marsupenaeus japonicus as intentionally introduced into
the Yellow Sea. Because it may also occur naturally in the Yellow Sea, we list this as a conflict. It was introduced into
Hawaii but did not become established, though it is established in the Mediterranean (Zenetos et al., 2010).
1184
NEP

Marsupenaeus japonicus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
P
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 100m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines
P
Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1185
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET
X
DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM X SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X X
F
VP
SP
SP

Metacarcinus magister
Taxon: Decapod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Eucarida
Order: Decapoda Suborder: Pleocyemata Infraorder: Brachyura
Superfamily: Cancroidea Family: Cancridae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Cancer magister Synonym America-ícho-gani
Dungeness crab
Type Locality: San Francisco Estuary, California, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: 1979
Loc 1st record: Japan
Established: Unknown
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Dana, 1852)
Hawaii
Species ID: 121
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:02:22 PM
Native
Native
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
X AO PO X
Comments: Metacarcinus magister (= Cancer magister) has been found in Japan, but it is not known if it is established
in the NWP. More recently it has been reported from Massachusetts Bay, USA but again it is not known whether it is
established.
1186
NEP

Metacarcinus magister Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
P
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 750m] [Pref: 0 - 230m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep O
P
P
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
O
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
TP RI-PH X
X X
X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
O
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 1.87 - 90.36%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
P
P
O
O
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 10 - 33.43psu] [Pref: 25 - 30psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
O P
K
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic O
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA
O
MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1187
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
VP
SP
SP

Metadromia wilsoni
Taxon: Decapod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Eucarida
Order: Decapoda Suborder: Pleocyemata Infraorder: Brachyura
Superfamily: Dromioidea Family: Dromiidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Cryptodromia wilsoni Synonym
Dromia pseudogibbosa Synonym
Dromia wilsoni Synonym
Petalomera wilsoni Synonym
Type Locality: Port Phillip Heads, Australia
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Fulton & Grant, 1902)
Native
Native
Yes
Hawaii
Species ID: 101264
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:02:22 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: Metadromia wilsoni is considered native to Australia and Hawaii and introduced into New Zealand
(Cranfield et al., 1998a; Inglis et al., 2008a), the Dalian region of China (Clarke et al., 2004), and Japan and South
Africa (Cranfield et al.. 1998a). However, Mead et al. (2011) did not include it in their list of NIS in South Africa.
1188
NEP

Metadromia wilsoni Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
O
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
SynH
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 520m] [Pref: - 100m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep O
P
P
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
O
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR
X
CR O/M
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: - 35psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
K
Mixed Sediments
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
RI X
RI-PH
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P O
1189
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Metopograpsus oceanicus
Taxon: Decapod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Eucarida
Order: Decapoda Suborder: Pleocyemata Infraorder: Brachyura
Superfamily: Grapsoidea Family: Grapsidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Eurycarcinus oceanicus Synonym
Grapsus (Grapsus) sulcifer Synonym
Grapsus oceanicus Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Hombron & Jacquinot, 1846)
Hawaii
2006
Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 170042
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:02:22 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: Metopograpsus oceanicus is considered introduced in Hawaii and Guam (Paulay, 2007). It occurs in the
upper intertidal and supralittoral zone on karstic shores, seawalls, and mangroves.
NEP
1190
O

Metopograpsus oceanicus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X TP RI-PH
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P P O P O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1191
H
Supralittoral
P
H
X
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Nanosesarma minutum
Taxon: Decapod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Eucarida
Order: Decapoda Suborder: Pleocyemata Infraorder: Brachyura
Superfamily: Grapsoidea Family: Sesarmidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Nanosesarma gordoni Synonym
Sesarma (Sesarma) gordoni Synonym
Sesarma barbimanum Synonym
Sesarma minutum Synonym
Type Locality: Edam Island near Jakarta, Indonesia.
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (De Man, 1887)
Hawaii
1996
Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
Comments:
X
AO PO
Species ID: 123453
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:02:22 PM
REC
NEP
SF
HR
1192
O

Nanosesarma minutum Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X TP RI-PH X X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
P
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 20m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 5 - 32psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
O O O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P O
P P O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1193
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S
X
DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC X
X X
X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Pachygrapsus fakaravensis
Taxon: Decapod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Eucarida
Order: Decapoda Suborder: Pleocyemata Infraorder: Brachyura
Superfamily: Grapsoidea Family: Grapsidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Polynesian grapsid crab
Type Locality: Tuamotu, French Polynesia
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Rathbun, 1907
Hawaii
1996
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
Comments:
AO PO
Species ID: 122858
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:02:22 PM
REC
NEP
SF
HR
1194
O

Pachygrapsus fakaravensis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 10m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
P Sub-Shallow
O
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR
X
O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C
P
O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1195
H
Supralittoral
O
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
RI X
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Palaemon macrodactylus
Taxon: Decapod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Eucarida
Order: Decapoda Suborder: Pleocyemata Infraorder: Caridea
Superfamily: Palaemonoidea Family: Palaemonidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Rathbun, 1902
Leander macrodactyla Synonym
Leander macrodactylus Synonym
Type Locality: Aomiri, Rikuoku, Japan
Hawaii
Korean shrimp
Oriental shrimp
Species ID: 1093
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:02:22 PM
NEP
1957
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P X X
X
AO PO
Comments: The Asian prawn Palaemon macrodactylus is native to Japan and Korea while the Chinese and Taiwanese
records might belong to different species (Micu and Nita, 2009).
1196

Palaemon macrodactylus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
TP RI-PH X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 8m] [Pref: 0 - 1m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
P
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 1 - 35psu] [Pref: 3 - 10psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline P Mesohaline P Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
O P P P O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1197
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM X SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Panopeus lacustris
Taxon: Decapod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Eucarida
Order: Decapoda Suborder: Pleocyemata Infraorder: Brachyura
Superfamily: Xanthoidea Family: Panopeidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Eupanopeus herbstii var. minax Synonym knotfinger mud crab
Panopeus crassus Synonym
Panopeus herbstii granulosus Synonym
Panopeus herbstii of authors, not of H. Milne Edwards, 1834Misidentified
Type Locality: Guadeloupe, France (Lesser Antilles)
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Desbonne, 1867
Hawaii
1947
Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
Comments:
X
AO PO
Species ID: 122859
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:02:22 PM
REC
NEP
SF
HR
1198
O

Panopeus lacustris Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
X
TP RI-PH X X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 10m] [Pref: 0 - 2m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines
O
Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 2 - 28psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
O O O O O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O O O O O O
O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1199
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC X
X X
X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Pilumnus oahuensis
Taxon: Decapod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Eucarida
Order: Decapoda Suborder: Pleocyemata Infraorder: Brachyura
Superfamily: Pilumnoidea Family: Pilumnidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: Hawaii, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Edmondson, 1931
Hawaii
1929
Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 122861
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:02:22 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: Pilumnus oahuensis was originally described from Hawaii but is considered introduced because of its
restriction to harbors and association with fouling communities. It has not been reported from any other locations in the
Pacific.
1200
NEP

Pilumnus oahuensis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0.15 - 3.25m] [Pref: 0.15 - 3.25m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P P P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1201
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Pyromaia tuberculata
Taxon: Decapod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Eucarida
Order: Decapoda Suborder: Pleocyemata Infraorder: Brachyura
Superfamily: Majoidea Family: Inachoididae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 1970
Loc 1st record: Miura Penninsula, Japan
Established: Yes
Taxonomic Author: (Lockington, 1877)
?Inachoides brevirostrum Synonym
Dasygyius tuberculatus Synonym
Inachus tuberculata Synonym
Inachus tuberculatus Synonym
Type Locality: San Diego Bay, California, USA
Hawaii
Ikkaku-kumogani
spider crab (Pyromaia tuberculata)
tuberculate pear crab
Species ID: 722
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:02:22 PM
Native
Native
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
Comments:
X
AO PO
REC
NEP
SF
HR
1202
O

Pyromaia tuberculata Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
TP RI-PH X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
O
SynH
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 425m] [Pref: - 20m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep O
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
O
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 2 - 97.9%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
O
O
O
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 31 - 35psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
K
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P O
1203
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC X
X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Rhithropanopeus harrisii
Taxon: Decapod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Eucarida
Order: Decapoda Suborder: Pleocyemata Infraorder: Brachyura
Superfamily: Xanthoidea Family: Panopeidae Subfamily: Panopeinae
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 2006
Loc 1st record: Nagoya Port, Japan
Established: Yes
Taxonomic Author: (Gould, 1841)
Heteropanope tridentata Synonym
Pilumnus harrisii Synonym
Pilumnus tridentatus Synonym
Rhithropanopeus harrisii tridentatus Convention
Type Locality: Charles River, Massachusetts, USA
Hawaii
brackish-water crab
Harris mud crab
Minato-ogigani
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
Comments:
X
AO X PO
Species ID: 1094
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:02:22 PM
NEP
1937
San Fransico Estuary, CA
Yes
REC
SF
HR
1204
O

Rhithropanopeus harrisii Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
TP RI-PH X X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
P
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
P
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 37m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
O
O
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0.4 - 40psu] [Pref: 15 - 25psu]
Fresh O Brackish P Marine O Hyper O
Oligohaline P Mesohaline P Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O O
P P P P P O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P P
O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1205
H
Supralittoral
H
X
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Scylla serrata
Taxon: Decapod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Eumalacostraca Infraclass: Superorder: Eucarida
Order: Decapoda Suborder: Pleocyemata Infraorder: Brachyura
Superfamily: Portunoidea Family: Portunidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Forskål, 1775)
Achelous crassimanus Synonym
Cancer olivaceus Synonym
Cancer serrata Synonym
Cancer serratus Synonym
Type Locality: Jidda, Saudi Arabia (Red Sea)
Hawaii
1926
Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii
Yes
giant mud crab
mangrove crab (Scylla serrata)
red crab
serrate swimming crab
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A
X X AO PO
Comments:
Species ID: 100620
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:02:22 PM
P
REC
NEP
SF
HR
1206
O

Scylla serrata Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
MAN
X
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 67m] [Pref: 21 - 35m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
P
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines
P
Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 10 - 50psu] [Pref: 20 - 35psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper O
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P O
O P P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic O
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN
O
DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1207
H
Supralittoral
H
X
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM X SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X X
X X
F
VP
SP
SP

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Hoplocarida
Order: Stomatopoda
1208

1209
This page was intentionally left blank

Gonodactylaceus falcatus
Taxon: Stomatopod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Malacostraca
Subclass: Hoplocarida Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Stomatopoda Suborder: Unipeltata Infraorder:
Superfamily: Gonodactyloidea Family: Gonodactylidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Gonodactylus aloha Synonym Philippine mantis shrimp
Gonodactylus falcatus Synonym
Gonodactylus insularis Synonym
Gonodactylus mutatus of Barber and Erdmann, 2000; not La Misidentified
Type Locality: Djeddah, Red Sea (neotype)
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Forskål, 1775)
Hawaii
1954
Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 123401
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:16:30 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: Carlton and Eldredge (2009) consider the Indo-West Pacific as the native region of Gonodactylaceus
falcatus. It has been found on as part of fouling community on a semi-submersible oil platform in Singapore (Yeo et al.,
2010).
1210
NEP

Gonodactylaceus falcatus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
TP RI-PH X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
O
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 107.5m] [Pref: - 18m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
O
P
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY [Obs: 32 - 35psu]
Brackish Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
O
O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1211
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Maxillopoda
Subclass: Copepoda
1212

1213
This page was intentionally left blank

Acartiella sinensis
Taxon: Copepod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Maxillopoda
Subclass: Copepoda Infraclass: Neocopepoda Superorder: Gymnoplea
Order: Calanoida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Acartiidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: Kwantung Province, China
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Shen & Lee, 1963
Hawaii
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
Comments:
AO PO
Species ID: 1100
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:59:16 PM
NEP
1993
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
REC
SF
HR
1214
O

Acartiella sinensis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
O
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
P
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 18m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
O
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 25psu] [Pref: 2.5 - 8.6psu]
Fresh O Brackish P
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline P Mesohaline P Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
P P P O O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1215
H
Supralittoral
H
X
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
Pelagic X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Benthic Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP EPS EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP
X

Caligus sclerotinosus
Taxon: Copepod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Maxillopoda
Subclass: Copepoda Infraclass: Neocopepoda Superorder: Podoplea
Order: Siphonostomatoida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Caligidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 1999
Loc 1st record: Aquaculture facility Oita, Japan
Established: Unknown
Taxonomic Author: Roubal, Armitag, & Rohde, 1983
Hawaii
Species ID: 220060
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:59:16 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
AO PO
Comments: Caligus sclerotinosus is an ectoparasite on the red seabream, Pagrus major, that was described from
Australia. It was found in an aquaculture facility in Japan in 1999. It is not known if it has become established in the
wild but one specimen was found in plankton samples near a fish farm in 2006.
1216
NEP

Caligus sclerotinosus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
Epi-Surface
O
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
P
Shelf
O
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
X
Mud
Sand
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY
Brackish Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1217
H
Supralittoral
H
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
Pelagic
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Benthic Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP
X

Enhydrosoma lacunae
Taxon: Copepod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Maxillopoda
Subclass: Copepoda Infraclass: Neocopepoda Superorder: Podoplea
Order: Harpacticoida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Cletodidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: Cuba
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Jakubisiak, 1933
Hawaii
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
Comments:
AO PO
Species ID: 101886
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:59:16 PM
NEP
1991
Sinaloa, Mexico
Yes
REC
SF
HR
1218
O

Enhydrosoma lacunae Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1219
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Eurytemora affinis Cmplx
Taxon: Copepod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Maxillopoda
Subclass: Copepoda Infraclass: Neocopepoda Superorder: Gymnoplea
Order: Calanoida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Temoridae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Eurytemora affinis Ambiguous syn.
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Unknown
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Poppe, 1880)
Hawaii
Species ID: 2566
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:59:16 PM
NEP
1913
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
AO X PO
Comments: Eurytemora affinis is a species complex. Its distribution in the NEP is based on Lee's (2000) distribution of
the introduced Atlantic clade, which occurs in the San Francisco Estuary and Grays Harbor, and the native Pacific
clade, which occurs in the Columbia River, Chehalis River, and British Columbia.
1220

Eurytemora affinis Cmplx Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
P
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
P
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Pref: 0 - 10m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
O
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
P
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 40psu] [Pref: 0 - 8psu]
Fresh P Brackish P Marine O Hyper O
Oligohaline P Mesohaline P Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O O
P P P O O O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1221
H
Supralittoral
H
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
Pelagic X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Benthic Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP EPS EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP
X

Harpacticella paradoxa
Taxon: Copepod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Maxillopoda
Subclass: Copepoda Infraclass: Neocopepoda Superorder: Podoplea
Order: Harpacticoida Suborder: Oligoarthra Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Harpacticidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Handeliellu paradoxa Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Brehm, 1924)
Hawaii
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X ID RE AP X
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
Comments:
X
AO PO
X
Species ID: 11687
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:59:16 PM
NEP
2000
Klamath + Samish River, CA
Yes
REC
SF
HR
1222
O

Harpacticella paradoxa Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
TP RI-PH
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
P
Sand
Shelf
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal O
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
P
Bathyal
Lakes
P
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 15psu] [Pref: 0 - psu]
Fresh P Brackish O
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline O Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O O O O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1223
H
Supralittoral
H
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic X Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP
X

Limnoithona sinensis
Taxon: Copepod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Maxillopoda
Subclass: Copepoda Infraclass: Neocopepoda Superorder: Podoplea
Order: Cyclopoida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Oithonidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Oithona (Limnoithona) sinensis Synonym
Oithona sinensis Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Burkhardt, 1912)
Hawaii
Species ID: 1112
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:59:16 PM
NEP
1979
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Unknown
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Limnoithona sinensis was present in the Columbia River in the early 1980s but has since disappeared
(Cordell et al., 2008). It was abundant in the upper San Francisco Estuary from 1979 until 1993 but has declined, and
perhaps gone extinct after the introduction of L. tetraspina.
1224

Limnoithona sinensis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
O
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
P
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 4m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
P
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 1.2psu] [Pref: 0 - psu]
Fresh P Brackish O
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta
O
Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1225
H
Supralittoral
H
X
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
Pelagic X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Benthic Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP EPS EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP
X

Limnoithona tetraspina
Taxon: Copepod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Maxillopoda
Subclass: Copepoda Infraclass: Neocopepoda Superorder: Podoplea
Order: Cyclopoida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Oithonidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Zhang & Li, 1976
Hawaii
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
Comments:
AO PO
Species ID: 1113
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:59:16 PM
NEP
1993
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
REC
SF
HR
1226
O

Limnoithona tetraspina Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
O
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
P
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 1 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
O
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 1 - 28psu] [Pref: 1 - 3psu]
Fresh Brackish P
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline P Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
P P O O O O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1227
H
Supralittoral
H
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
Pelagic X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Benthic Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP EPS EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP
X

Mytilicola orientalis
Taxon: Copepod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Maxillopoda
Subclass: Copepoda Infraclass: Neocopepoda Superorder: Podoplea
Order: Poecilostomatoida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Mytilicolidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Mytilicola ostreae Synonym oyster redworm
red worm
Type Locality: Sea of Japan, Japan
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Mori, 1935
Hawaii
Species ID: 1117
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:59:16 PM
NEP
1938
Willapa Bay, Washington
Yes
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
AO PO X
Comments: Mytilicola orientalis is an intestinal parasite of bivalves such as mussels (Mytilus spp.) and oysters
(Crassostrea spp.). It was likely introduced with importation of the Japanese oyster, Crassostrea gigas.
1228
O

Mytilicola orientalis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
X
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
X X
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 1.2 - 32psu] [Pref: 29 - 32psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline O Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
O O O O O P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P P
O
O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1229
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI X
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
Pelagic
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Benthic Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Neotachidius triangularis
Taxon: Copepod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Maxillopoda
Subclass: Copepoda Infraclass: Neocopepoda Superorder: Podoplea
Order: Harpacticoida Suborder: Oligoarthra Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Tachidiidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Tachidius (Neotachidius) triangularis Synonym
Tachidius triangularis Synonym
Type Locality: Pearl River, China
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Shen & Tai, 1963)
Hawaii
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
Comments:
AO PO
Species ID: 11691
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:59:16 PM
NEP

Neotachidius triangularis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
O
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
X X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
P
Sand
O
Shelf
MAN
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
O
O
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: - 30psu]
Fresh Brackish P
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline P Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O O O O O O
K
Mixed Sediments
O
Pelagic
Organic
O
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1231
H
Supralittoral
H
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM X SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
X
F
VP
SP
SP
X

Oithona davisae
Taxon: Copepod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Maxillopoda
Subclass: Copepoda Infraclass: Neocopepoda Superorder: Podoplea
Order: Cyclopoida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Oithonidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: San Francisco Estuary, California, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Ferrari & Orsi, 1984
Hawaii
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
Comments:
AO PO
Species ID: 1118
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:59:16 PM
NEP
1963
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
REC
SF
HR
1232
O

Oithona davisae Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
O
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
P
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 23m] [Pref: 5 - 10m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
Bathyal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 12 - 32.3psu] [Pref: 28 - psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
O O P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1233
H
Supralittoral
H
X
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
Pelagic X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Benthic Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP EPS EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP
X

Pachypygus gibber
Taxon: Copepod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Maxillopoda
Subclass: Copepoda Infraclass: Neocopepoda Superorder: Podoplea
Order: Cyclopoida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Notodelphyidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 1960
Loc 1st record: Miyagi, Japan
Established: Unknown
Taxonomic Author: (Thorell, 1859)
Hawaii
Species ID: 170121
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:59:16 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Pachypygus gibber is a parasitic copepod that lives on solitary ascidians. In Japan, hosts were Styela plicata
and Cnemidocarpa areolata (both native to Japan) and the introduced North Atlantic Ciona intestinalis (Doi et al.,
2011). Because it has not been reported from Japan since 1962, we list its establishment as unknown.
1234
NEP

Pachypygus gibber Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
X
Mud
Sand
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR
X
CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1235
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI X
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
Pelagic
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Benthic Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Psammopsyllus stri
Taxon: Copepod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Maxillopoda
Subclass: Copepoda Infraclass: Neocopepoda Superorder: Podoplea
Order: Harpacticoida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Leptopontiidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: Panama (Caribbean)
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Mielke, 1983
Hawaii
1979
Kauai, Hawaii
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A
X
Comments:
AO PO
Species ID: 170029
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:59:16 PM
P
REC
NEP
SF
HR
1236
O

Psammopsyllus stri Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS
X
UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
P
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY [Obs: - 34psu]
Brackish Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1237
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Pseudodiaptomus forbesi
Taxon: Copepod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Maxillopoda
Subclass: Copepoda Infraclass: Neocopepoda Superorder: Gymnoplea
Order: Calanoida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Pseudodiaptomidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Poppe & Richard, 1890)
Hawaii
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
Comments:
AO PO
Species ID: 715
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:59:16 PM
NEP
1987
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
REC
SF
HR
1238
O

Pseudodiaptomus forbesi Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
O
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
P
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
DEPTH [Obs: 1 - 20m] [Pref: 1 - 5.5m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
Bathyal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
P
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Lakes
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 33 - 69%]
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 11psu] [Pref: 0.2 - psu]
Fresh P Brackish P
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline P Mesohaline P Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
P P P O
K
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1239
H
Supralittoral
H
X
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
Pelagic X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Benthic Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP EPS EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP
X

Pseudodiaptomus inopinus
Taxon: Copepod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Maxillopoda
Subclass: Copepoda Infraclass: Neocopepoda Superorder: Gymnoplea
Order: Calanoida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Pseudodiaptomidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Burckhardt, 1913
Hawaii
Species ID: 3365
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:59:16 PM
NEP
1990
Columbia River, WA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Pseudodiaptomus inopinus is an Asian calanoid copepod that has been introduced into estuaries in the NEP,
with maximum abundances in freshwater to mesohaline salinities (Cordell et al., 2010). However, P. inopinus has also
been reported from offshore samples taken in a 1977 survey in the Indo-Pacific (see OBIS).
1240

Pseudodiaptomus inopinus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
P
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
P
Shelf
O
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 177m] [Pref: 2 - 5m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
Bathyal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
O
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
O
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
P
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Lakes
O
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - psu] [Pref: 0 - 8psu]
Fresh P Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline P Mesohaline P Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
P P P O O O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1241
H
Supralittoral
H
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
Pelagic X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Benthic Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP EPS EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP
X

Pseudodiaptomus marinus
Taxon: Copepod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Maxillopoda
Subclass: Copepoda Infraclass: Neocopepoda Superorder: Gymnoplea
Order: Calanoida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Pseudodiaptomidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: Hokkaido, Japan
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Sato, 1913
Hawaii
1964
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 1124
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:59:16 PM
NEP
1986
San Diego and Mission Bay, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Pseudodiaptomus marinus is a "demersal" copepod introduced into the NEP, Hawaii, and Madagascar
region from Asia.
1242
O

Pseudodiaptomus marinus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
O
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
P
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 1 - 8.5m] [Pref: 4 - 8.5m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 15 - 32.3psu] [Pref: 15 - psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline P Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
P P O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1243
H
Supralittoral
H
X
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic X Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM X SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP
X
EPS EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP
X

Pseudomyicola spinosus
Taxon: Copepod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Maxillopoda
Subclass: Copepoda Infraclass: Neocopepoda Superorder: Podoplea
Order: Poecilostomatoida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Myicolidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Anthessius spinosus Synonym
Lichomolgus spinosus Synonym
Midicola anomalocardiae Synonym
Midicola levis Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Raffaele & Monticelli, 1885)
Hawaii
Species ID: 15517
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:59:16 PM
1985
Unknown
Yes
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
AO PO X
Comments: Pseudomyicola spinosus [= P. ostreae] parasitizes the mantle cavity of more than 50 species of bivalves
including Mytilus, clams, and oysters. It was likely introduced with the importation of the Japanese oyster, Crassostrea
gigas.
1244
NEP

Pseudomyicola spinosus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
TP RI-PH X X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
X
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 25 - psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
P
P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P P
O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1245
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
Pelagic
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Benthic Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Sarsamphiascus parvus
Taxon: Copepod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Maxillopoda
Subclass: Copepoda Infraclass: Neocopepoda Superorder: Podoplea
Order: Harpacticoida Suborder: Oligoarthra Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Miraciidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Amphiascus parvus Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Sars, 1906) Huys, 2009
Hawaii
Species ID: 11464
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:59:16 PM
Unknown
Unknown
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Sarsamphiascus parvus [= Amphiascus parvus] is a European harpacticoid that invaded the NEP (Cordell,
2007). Because the S. parvus reported from Argentina and the Red Sea are not identical to Sar's original description
(Ueda and Nagai, 2005), their distributions are not shown.
1246
NEP

Sarsamphiascus parvus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 16m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
O Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1247
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Sinocalanus doerrii
Taxon: Copepod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Maxillopoda
Subclass: Copepoda Infraclass: Neocopepoda Superorder: Gymnoplea
Order: Calanoida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Centropagidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Limnocalanus sinensis doerrii Synonym
Sinocalanus mystrophorus Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Brehm, 1909)
Hawaii
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
Comments:
AO PO
Species ID: 1125
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:59:16 PM
NEP
1978
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
REC
SF
HR
1248
O

Sinocalanus doerrii Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
P
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 1 - 12.7m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
P
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 14.8psu] [Pref: 0 - 0.5psu]
Fresh P Brackish P
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline P Mesohaline O Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
P O O O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1249
H
Supralittoral
H
X
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
Pelagic X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Benthic Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP EPS EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP
X

Stephos pacificus
Taxon: Copepod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Maxillopoda
Subclass: Copepoda Infraclass: Neocopepoda Superorder: Gymnoplea
Order: Calanoida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Stephidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: Sea of Japan
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Ohtsuka & Hiromi, 1987
Hawaii
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Stephos pacificus is an epibenthic copepod introduced into the NEP from Asia.
Species ID: 3369
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:59:16 PM
NEP
1998
Puget Sound, WA
Yes
REC
SF
HR
1250
O

Stephos pacificus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
P
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 6 - 7m] [Pref: 6 - 7m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 25 - 32.8psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1251
H
Supralittoral
H
X
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic X Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM X SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
VP
SP
SP
X

Stephos sp. (Ruiz et al. 2000)
Taxon: Copepod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Maxillopoda
Subclass: Copepoda Infraclass: Neocopepoda Superorder: Gymnoplea
Order: Calanoida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Stephidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: Washington, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Cordell, 1999
Hawaii
Species ID: 3370
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:59:16 PM
NEP
1998
Puget Sound, WA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Ruiz et al. (2000) listed an unidentified Stephos as introduced into the NEP in 1998 in Puget Sound,
Washington. We assume it is epibenthic simllar to Stephos pacificus.
1252
O

Stephos sp. (Ruiz et al. 2000) Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
O
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal O
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1253
H
Supralittoral
H
O
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic X Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM X SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
VP
SP
SP
X

Teredicola typica
Taxon: Copepod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Maxillopoda
Subclass: Copepoda Infraclass: Copepoda incertae sedis Superorder:
Order: Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Teredicola typicus Convention
Teredo milleri of Edmondson, 1942 Misidentified
Type Locality: Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: 1971
Loc 1st record: Japan
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Wilson, 1942
Hawaii
1939
Honolulu Harbor, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 170030
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:59:16 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Teredicola typica is a parasitic copepod living in the infrabranchial cavity of several species of shipworms
(Teredo, Bankia, and Lyrodus). Carlton and Eldredge (2009) suggest it may be native to the Southern Hemisphere.
Thus, we tentatively classify populations in Australia and New Zealand as native and those in Japan as introduced.
1254
NEP

Teredicola typica Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
X
Mud
Sand
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1255
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Tortanus dextrilobatus
Taxon: Copepod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Maxillopoda
Subclass: Copepoda Infraclass: Neocopepoda Superorder: Gymnoplea
Order: Calanoida Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Tortanidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Tortanus (Eutortanus) dextrilobatus Convention
Tortanus sp. of Cohen and Carlton, 1995 Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Chen & Zhang, 1965
Hawaii
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
Comments:
AO PO
Species ID: 2567
Print Date: 9/9/2012 9:59:16 PM
NEP
1993
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
REC
SF
HR
1256
O

Tortanus dextrilobatus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
O
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
P
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0.05 - 12m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 2 - 33psu] [Pref: 14 - psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline P Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
O O O P P O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1257
H
Supralittoral
H
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
Pelagic X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Benthic Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP EPS EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP
X

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Maxillopoda
Subclass: Thecostraca
1258

1259
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Amphibalanus amphitrite
Taxon: Barnacle
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Maxillopoda
Subclass: Thecostraca Infraclass: Cirripedia Superorder: Thoracica
Order: Sessilia Suborder: Balanomorpha Infraorder:
Superfamily: Balanoidea Family: Balanidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 1933
Loc 1st record: Honshu Island, Japan
Established: Yes
Taxonomic Author: (Darwin, 1854)
Amphibalanus amphitrite amphitrite Convention
Balanus amphitrite Synonym
Balanus amphitrite amphitrite Synonym
Balanus amphitrite denticulata Synonym
Hawaii
1902
Honolulu Harbor, Hawaii
Yes
Amphitrite's rock barnacle
Purple acorn barnacle
striped barnacle
Tatejima-fujitsubo
Species ID: 1101
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:47:37 PM
NEP
1914
Los Angeles Harbor, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X X
AO X PO X
Comments: Boundaries between native and invaded ecoregions of Amphibalanus amphitrite are unclear. According to
Zabin (2009), it is native to Indian Ocean, though fossils have been found in Guam (Paulay et al., 2002). We use
regional classifications when available, listing ecoregions bordering native and invaded ecoregions as unclassified.
1260

Amphibalanus amphitrite Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X TP RI-PH X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 4177m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep O
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
O
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 2 - 36psu] [Pref: 10 - 30psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline P Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O O
O O O P P P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P O
P P P P P P
SynH
X
SA
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1261
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
H X G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
SeqH
IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Amphibalanus eburneus
Taxon: Barnacle
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Maxillopoda
Subclass: Thecostraca Infraclass: Cirripedia Superorder: Thoracica
Order: Sessilia Suborder: Balanomorpha Infraorder:
Superfamily: Balanoidea Family: Balanidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: Boston Bay, Massachusetts, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 1950
Loc 1st record: Yokosuka, Japan
Established: Yes
Taxonomic Author: (Gould, 1841)
Balanus democraticus Synonym
Balanus ebumeus Misspelling
Balanus eburneus Synonym
Amerika-fujitsubo
ivory barnacle
Hawaii
1929
Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 3012005
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:47:37 PM
NEP
1959
Gulf of California, Mexico
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X X
AO X PO
Comments: Although not reported from Southern California until 2000 (CANOD, 2009), the Western Atlantic barnacle,
Amphibalanus eburneus, had been reported from the Gulf of Mexico in 1959 (Henry and Mclaughlin, 1975).
1262

Amphibalanus eburneus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X TP RI-PH X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 37m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: - 35psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline P Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
O O P P P P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P O
O P P P P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1263
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Amphibalanus improvisus
Taxon: Barnacle
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Maxillopoda
Subclass: Thecostraca Infraclass: Cirripedia Superorder: Thoracica
Order: Sessilia Suborder: Balanomorpha Infraorder:
Superfamily: Balanoidea Family: Balanidae Subfamily:
Species ID: 3012004
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Balanus improvisus Synonym acorn barnacle (Amphibalanus improvisus)
bay barnacle
Yoroppa-fujitsubo
Type Locality: not designated
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 1952
Loc 1st record: Ago Bay, Japan
Established: Yes
Taxonomic Author: (Darwin, 1854)
Hawaii
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
Comments:
X
AO X PO
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:47:37 PM
NEP
1853
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
REC
SF
HR
1264
O

Amphibalanus improvisus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
TP RI-PH X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 90m] [Pref: 0 - 6m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
O
Lakes
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 2.81 - 56.58%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
O
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 40psu] [Pref: 6 - 30psu]
Fresh O Brackish P Marine O Hyper O
Oligohaline O Mesohaline P Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O O
O O P P P P
K
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P P
P P P P O
SynH
X
SA
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1265
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
H X G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
SeqH
IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Amphibalanus reticulatus
Taxon: Barnacle
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Maxillopoda
Subclass: Thecostraca Infraclass: Cirripedia Superorder: Thoracica
Order: Sessilia Suborder: Balanomorpha Infraorder:
Superfamily: Balanoidea Family: Balanidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Balanus reticulates Misspelling
Balanus reticulatus Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: 1934
Loc 1st record: Japan
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Utinomi, 1967)
Hawaii
1929
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 15439
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:47:37 PM
NEP
1984
Mazatlan, Mexico
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: Amphibalanus reticulatus was considered native in Japan (Iwasaki, 2006); however Doi et al. (2011) list it
as cryptogenic. We classify it as a conflict in the ecoregions boarding mainland Japan and native in the Western and
Central Indo-Pacific with the exception of Australia where it is introduced (Jones, 2004) or unclassified.
1266

Amphibalanus reticulatus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X TP RI-PH X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 22m] [Pref: 0 - 15m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 11 - 36psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P O
O O O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O O
P P
P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1267
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Amphibalanus subalbidus
Taxon: Barnacle
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Maxillopoda
Subclass: Thecostraca Infraclass: Cirripedia Superorder: Thoracica
Order: Sessilia Suborder: Balanomorpha Infraorder:
Superfamily: Balanoidea Family: Balanidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Balanus amphitrite pallidus; not Darwin, 1854 Partial synonym
Balanus subalbidus Synonym
Type Locality: Lake Pontchartrain, Louisiana
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Henry, 1973)
Hawaii
Species ID: 101882
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:47:37 PM
NEP
1989
Gulf of California, Mexico
Yes
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
AO PO
Comments: Van Syoc (1992, Proc. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist. 12:1–7) concluded that the Amphibalanus subalbidus in
the Gulf of California constitute a relict population from a Mio-Pliocene amphi-American distribution. However,
Carlton et al. (2011) argue that the A. subalbidus in the Gulf of California are not native, perhaps introduced with
shrimp mariculture operations. We treat this as a conflict.
1268

Amphibalanus subalbidus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X TP RI-PH
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - psu]
Fresh O Brackish P
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline P Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O O
O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1269
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Amphibalanus variegatus
Taxon: Barnacle
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Maxillopoda
Subclass: Thecostraca Infraclass: Cirripedia Superorder: Thoracica
Order: Sessilia Suborder: Balanomorpha Infraorder:
Superfamily: Balanoidea Family: Balanidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Balanus amphitrite var. cirratus of Darwin, 1854 Synonym Amime-fujitsubo
Balanus amphitrite var. variegatus of Darwin, 1854 Synonym
Balanus amphitrite variegatus Synonym
Balanus variegatus Synonym
Type Locality: Sydney, Australia
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 1935
Loc 1st record: Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan
Established: Yes
Taxonomic Author: (Darwin, 1854)
Hawaii
Species ID: 3011999
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:47:37 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: The barnacle Amphibalanus variegatus is considered introduced in Japan (Iwasaki, 2006) and New Zealand
(Cranfield et al., 1998a) while Dafforn et al. (2009) and others classify it as native to Australia. We list the Central and
Western Indo-Pacific regions as unclassified.
1270
NEP

Amphibalanus variegatus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X TP RI-PH X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 3m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: - 32psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
O
O O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1271
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Amphibalanus venustus
Taxon: Barnacle
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Maxillopoda
Subclass: Thecostraca Infraclass: Cirripedia Superorder: Thoracica
Order: Sessilia Suborder: Balanomorpha Infraorder:
Superfamily: Balanoidea Family: Balanidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Balanus amphitrite niveus Synonym Akashima-fujitsubo
Balanus amphitrite var. venustus Synonym
Balanus amphitrite venustus Synonym
Balanus venustus Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 1967
Loc 1st record: Wakasa Bay, Japan
Established: Unknown
Taxonomic Author: (Darwin, 1854)
Hawaii
Species ID: 3012000
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:47:37 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Mead et al. (2011) consider that the "tropical and subtropical western North Atlantic" is the native region
for Amphibalanus venustus.
NEP
1272

Amphibalanus venustus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
P
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
SynH
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 135m] [Pref: - 62m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
P
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR
X
CR O/M
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 28 - 36psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P O
SA
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DD
RI X
RI-PH
K
Mixed Sediments
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
H X G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
SeqH
IF
X
FEE FCS P
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O O O
1273
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Amphibalanus zhujiangensis
Taxon: Barnacle
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Maxillopoda
Subclass: Thecostraca Infraclass: Cirripedia Superorder: Thoracica
Order: Sessilia Suborder: Balanomorpha Infraorder:
Superfamily: Balanoidea Family: Balanidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Balanus zhujiangensis Synonym
Type Locality: Zhujiang River, China
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 1997
Loc 1st record: Gushikawa River, Japan
Established: Yes
Taxonomic Author: (Ren, 1989)
Hawaii
Species ID: 170123
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:47:37 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: Amphibalanus zhujiangensis was recently described from the Zhujiang River, in the South China Sea, and
was then found on Okinawa Island, Japan in 1997, where it is considered introduced (Doi et al., 2011). It was
subsequently found in various locations in the Central Indo-Pacific, which we list as unclassified.
1274
NEP

Amphibalanus zhujiangensis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 1m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
O Sub-Shallow
O
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O P
SynH
SA
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1275
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DD
RI
RI-PH
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
H X G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
SeqH
IF
X
FEE FCS P
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Balanus glandula
Taxon: Barnacle
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Maxillopoda
Subclass: Thecostraca Infraclass: Cirripedia Superorder: Thoracica
Order: Sessilia Suborder: Balanomorpha Infraorder:
Superfamily: Balanoidea Family: Balanidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Amphibalanus glandula Synonym common acorn barnacle
Kita-amerika-fujitsubo
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 2000
Loc 1st record: Ofunato, Iwate, Japan
Established: Yes
Taxonomic Author: Darwin, 1854
Hawaii
Species ID: 1644
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:47:37 PM
Native
Native
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
Comments:
X
AO PO
REC
NEP
SF
HR
1276
O

Balanus glandula Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
TP RI-PH X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 45.5m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 0.65 - 90.05%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
O
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 30 - 31psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P P
O
P P P P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1277
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Balanus perforatus
Taxon: Barnacle
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Maxillopoda
Subclass: Thecostraca Infraclass: Cirripedia Superorder: Thoracica
Order: Sessilia Suborder: Balanomorpha Infraorder:
Superfamily: Balanoidea Family: Balanidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
volcano barnacle
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 2006
Loc 1st record: Korea (Sea of Japan)
Established: Yes
Taxonomic Author: Bruguiére, 1789
Hawaii
Species ID: 100748
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:47:37 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Balanus perforatus is an "eastern Atlantic warm water species" (Kerckhof and Cattrijsse, 2001) that has
been introduced into Korea (Seo and Lee, 2008; Kim and Hong, 2010). It has also been reported from the Western Indo-
Pacific and South Africa; we assume it is introduced in both these regions.
1278
NEP

Balanus perforatus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 20m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
P Sub-Shallow
O
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
X X
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
O O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
P P P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1279
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI X
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Chthamalus proteus
Taxon: Barnacle
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Maxillopoda
Subclass: Thecostraca Infraclass: Cirripedia Superorder: Thoracica
Order: Sessilia Suborder: Balanomorpha Infraorder:
Superfamily: Chthamaloidea Family: Chthamalidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Caribbean barnacle
Proteus' rock barnacle
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Dando & Southward, 1980
Hawaii
1993
Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 122842
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:47:37 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: The high intertidal barnacle, Chthamalaus proteus, was introduced into Hawaii presumably via hull fouling.
C. proteus was present on barges that have entered various ports in California, Oregon, and Washington, but it has not
yet become established in the NEP.
1280
NEP

Chthamalus proteus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X TP RI-PH X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 3m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
P Sub-Shallow
O
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 11 - 36psu] [Pref: 22 - psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O O
O P P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
P P P
SynH
X
SA
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1281
Supralittoral
P
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
H X G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
SeqH
IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Megabalanus coccopoma
Taxon: Barnacle
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Maxillopoda
Subclass: Thecostraca Infraclass: Cirripedia Superorder: Thoracica
Order: Sessilia Suborder: Balanomorpha Infraorder:
Superfamily: Balanoidea Family: Balanidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Balanus tintinnabulum coccopoma Synonym titan acorn barnacle
Balanus tintinnabulum var. coccopoma Synonym
Type Locality: Pacific Panama
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 2000
Loc 1st record: Kobe Port, Hyogo, Japan
Established: Yes
Taxonomic Author: (Darwin, 1854)
Hawaii
Species ID: 110005
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:47:37 PM
NEP
1982
San Diego, CA
No
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
X X
AO PO
Comments: Megabalanus coccopoma is native to the Tropical Eastern Pacific, and has invaded Japan, the Atlantic, and
Indo-Pacific. This tropical barnacle showed up off of San Diego, California after the 1982-1983 El Nino but did not
become established (Newman and McConnaughey, 1987), and we assume it is not established in the Gulf of California.
1282

Megabalanus coccopoma Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 7m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
O Sub-Shallow
O
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR
X
CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 16 - 32psu] [Pref: - 32psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
O O O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1283
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI X
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Megabalanus tintinnabulum
Taxon: Barnacle
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Maxillopoda
Subclass: Thecostraca Infraclass: Cirripedia Superorder: Thoracica
Order: Sessilia Suborder: Balanomorpha Infraorder:
Superfamily: Balanoidea Family: Balanidae Subfamily:
Species ID: 2011637
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Balanus tintinnabuliformis laevis Synonym acorn barnacle (Megabalanus tintinnabulum)
Balanus tintinnabulum Synonym
Balanus tintinnabulum antillensis Synonym
Balanus tintinnabulum communis Synonym
Type Locality: Amboina, Indonesia (lectotype)
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Osaka Bay, Japan
Established: Unknown
Taxonomic Author: (Linnaeus, 1758)
Hawaii
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:47:37 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: The distribution of Megabalanus tintinnabulum is confused by many of its subspecies being elevated to
species. We tentatively classify it as introduced in Japan (Mito and Uesugi, 2004) and cryptogenic in Australia
(NIMPIS) and the Atlantic (Carlton et al., 2011); other authors consider it introduced in Europe, Brazil, and Australia.
1284
NEP

Megabalanus tintinnabulum Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
O
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 40m] [Pref: 0 - 10m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
X X
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY
Brackish Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
O P P P
SynH
X
SA
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1285
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DD
RI X
RI-PH
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
H X G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
SeqH
IF
X
FEE FCS P
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Megabalanus zebra
Taxon: Barnacle
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Maxillopoda
Subclass: Thecostraca Infraclass: Cirripedia Superorder: Thoracica
Order: Sessilia Suborder: Balanomorpha Infraorder:
Superfamily: Balanoidea Family: Balanidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Balanua (Megabalanust) tintinnabulum zebra Synonym
Balanus tintinnabulum var. zebra Synonym
Balanus tintinnabulum zebra Synonym
Megabalanus tintinnabulum zebra Synonym
Type Locality: Unknown
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Darwin, 1834)
Hawaii
Species ID: 101256
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:47:37 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Megabalanus zebra is a wide-spread species whose native range is unknown. Mito and Uesugi (2004) list it
as introduced in Japan, while Clarke et al. (2004), in the GloBallast Report list it as cryptogenic in the Dalian region of
China. We tentatively list it as NIS in the NWP pending further analysis.
1286
NEP

Megabalanus zebra Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
O
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 16.5m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
O Sub-Shallow
O
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
X X
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY [Obs: 33 - 35psu]
Brackish Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
P P P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1287
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
RI X
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Ostracoda
1288

1289
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Aspidoconcha limnoriae
Taxon: Ostracod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Ostracoda
Subclass: Podocopa Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Podocopida Suborder: Cytherocopina Infraorder:
Superfamily: Cytheroidea Family: Xestoleberididae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Aspidoconca limnoriae Misspelling
Aspidoconcha limnoria Misspelling
Type Locality: Zandvoorst, Netherlands
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: de Vos, 1953
Hawaii
Species ID: 1545
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:14:03 PM
NEP
1953
San Diego Bay, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
X
AO PO
Comments: In the NEP, Aspidoconcha limnoriae is associated with the non-native wood gribble Limnoria tripunctata
and thus is considered NIS in the Eastern Pacific. Because of the uncertain origins of wood borers such as Limnoria, we
consider A. limnoriae as unclassified in other regions until additional information becomes available.
1290

Aspidoconcha limnoriae Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
X
Mud
Sand
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 25 - 33psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1291
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Eusarsiella zostericola
Taxon: Ostracod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Ostracoda
Subclass: Myodocopa Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Myodocopida Suborder: Myodocopina Infraorder:
Superfamily: Sarsielloidea Family: Sarsiellidae Subfamily: Sarsiellinae
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Eusarsiella americana Synonym
Sarsiella americana Synonym
Sarsiella tricostata Synonym
Sarsiella zostericola Synonym
Type Locality: Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Cushman, 1906)
Hawaii
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
AO X PO
Comments:
Species ID: 309
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:14:03 PM
NEP
1953
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
REC
SF
HR
1292
O

Eusarsiella zostericola Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
TP RI-PH
X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
O
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 103.8m] [Pref: 0 - 38m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 1.8 - 96.55%] X
Sand
O
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 25.5 - 42psu] [Pref: 29 - 35psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper O
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P O
O P
K
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic O
Artificial Substrate
C O
O
M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1293
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Redekea californica
Taxon: Ostracod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Ostracoda
Subclass: Podocopa Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Podocopida Suborder: Cytherocopina Infraorder:
Superfamily: Cytheroidea Family: Cytheridae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: San Diego Bay, California, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: De Vos & Stock, 1956
Hawaii
Species ID: 1546
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:14:03 PM
NEP
1953
San Diego Bay, CA
Unknown
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
X
AO PO
Comments: Redekea californica is assumed to be NIS in the NEP because it is a commensal/parasite on the non-native
gribble Limnoria tripunctata. Its native region is not known. Since it is unclear whether R. californica has been reported
from the NEP recently, we consider its establishment as unknown.
1294

Redekea californica Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
X
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 2m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
O Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 25 - 33psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1295
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Spinileberis quadriaculeata
Taxon: Ostracod
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea Superclass: Class: Ostracoda
Subclass: Podocopa Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Podocopida Suborder: Cytherocopina Infraorder:
Superfamily: Cytheroidea Family: Cytheridae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Cythere quadriaculeata Synonym
Spinileberis hyalina Synonym
Spinileberis hyalinus Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Brady, 1880)
Hawaii
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
AO PO X
Comments:
Species ID: 1547
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:14:03 PM
NEP
about 1965
Tomales Bay, California
Yes
REC
SF
HR
1296
O

Spinileberis quadriaculeata Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
TP RI-PH
X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
O
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
O
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 50m] [Pref: 1.5 - 20m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines
P
Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 18 - 32psu] [Pref: 20 - 30psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
O P P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic O
Artificial Substrate
C O
O
M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1297
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Class: Pycnogonida
1298

1299
This page was intentionally left blank

Ammothella pacifica
Taxon: Pycnogonid
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata Superclass: Class: Pycnogonida
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Pantopoda Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Ammotheidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: Oahu, Hawaii, USA (Waikiki Aquarium)
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Hilton, 1942
Hawaii
1930
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
Comments:
X
AO PO
Species ID: 170022
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:15:09 PM
REC
NEP
SF
HR
1300
O

Ammothella pacifica Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 1m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
O Sub-Shallow
O
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR
X
CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY [Obs: - 34psu]
Brackish Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B
O
Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1301
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Anoplodactylus arescus
Taxon: Pycnogonid
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata Superclass: Class: Pycnogonida
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Pantopoda Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Phoxichilidiidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: Red Sea
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: du Bois-Reymond Marcus, 1959
Hawaii
1998
Barber's Point Harbor, Hawaii
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X X
AO PO
Comments: In addition to Hawaii, Anoplodactylus arescus has been introduced into Brazil.
Species ID: 122855
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:15:09 PM
REC
NEP
SF
HR
1302
O

Anoplodactylus arescus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
TP RI-PH
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
P
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 5m] [Pref: 0 - 5m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY [Obs: - 34psu]
Brackish Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P
O
H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1303
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Anoplodactylus californicus
Taxon: Pycnogonid
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata Superclass: Class: Pycnogonida
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Pantopoda Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Phoxichilidiidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Anoplodactylus portus Synonym
Anoplodactylus projectus Synonym
Anoplodactylus robustus Hilton, 1939; not Dohrn, 1881 Misidentified
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Hall, 1912
Hawaii
1937
Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 11707
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:15:09 PM
Native
Native
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: Anoplodactylus californicus may consist of more than one species worldwide (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009).
Nonetheless, it appears that the form in Hawaii and the Mediterranean are introduced. Additionally, we suggest that the
form in California and the Eastern Tropical Pacific is native, though perhaps not the same species.
1304
NEP

Anoplodactylus californicus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 100m] [Pref: 0 - 29m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
TP RI-PH X
X X
X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Lakes
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 17 - 17%] X
Sand
O
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY
Brackish Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
K
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
P P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1305
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Anoplodactylus digitatus
Taxon: Pycnogonid
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata Superclass: Class: Pycnogonida
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Pantopoda Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Phoxichilidiidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type):
Anoplodactylus digitatus of Arnaud, 1974; not (Bohm, 1879 Misidentified
Common Names:
Anoplodactylus investigatoris Synonym
Anoplodactylus saxatilis Synonym
Phoxichilidium (Anoplodactylus) digitatum Synonym
Type Locality: Singapore Strait
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Böhm, 1879)
Hawaii
2000
Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 15908
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:15:09 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: Anoplodactylus digitatus was described from the Singapore Straits, but the native region is unknown
(Carlton and Eldredge, 2009). It is considered introduced in Hawaii and the Mediterranean.
NEP
1306
O

Anoplodactylus digitatus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
O
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 600m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
O
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR
X
CR O/M
Bathyal
O
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B
O
Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1307
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI X
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM X SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Anoplodactylus erectus
Taxon: Pycnogonid
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata Superclass: Class: Pycnogonida
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Pantopoda Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Phoxichilidiidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: California, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Cole, 1904
Hawaii

Anoplodactylus erectus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 182m] [Pref: 3 - 100m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
P
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
TP RI-PH X
X X
X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
O
Lakes
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: - 97.8%] X
Sand
O
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 25 - 35.48psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
K
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1309
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Anoplodactylus marshallensis
Taxon: Pycnogonid
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata Superclass: Class: Pycnogonida
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Pantopoda Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Phoxichilidiidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Child, 1982
Hawaii
2000
Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
Comments:
X
AO PO
Species ID: 123396
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:15:09 PM
REC
NEP
SF
HR
1310
O

Anoplodactylus marshallensis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
SynH
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
O Sub-Shallow
O
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
K
Mixed Sediments
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P O
1311
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Anoplodactylus pycnosoma
Taxon: Pycnogonid
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata Superclass: Class: Pycnogonida
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Pantopoda Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Phoxichilidiidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Bathypallenopsis truncatum Synonym
Peritrochia pycnosoma Synonym
Phoxichilidium truncatum Synonym
Type Locality: Kobe, Japan
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Helfer, 1938)
Hawaii
2000
Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 170027
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:15:09 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: We consider Anoplodactylus pycnosoma native to the Central Indo-Pacific and Japan but unclassified in
the Western Indo-Pacific and southern Australia.
NEP
1312
O

Anoplodactylus pycnosoma Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
TP RI-PH X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
O
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 17m] [Pref: 0.5 - 10m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
O
O
O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1313
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X X
X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Endeis biseriata
Taxon: Pycnogonid
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata Superclass: Class: Pycnogonida
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Pantopoda Suborder: Eupantopodida Infraorder:
Superfamily: Phoxichilidoidea Family: Endeidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: Seget, W. New Guinea
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Stock, 1968
Hawaii
1960
Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 170023
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:15:09 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: Based on Carlton and Eldredge (2009), we list Endeis biseriata as native to the Central Indo-Pacific Region.
It has also been reported from the Red Sea, Indian Ocean, and Brazil.
NEP
1314

Endeis biseriata Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
TP RI-PH X X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 37m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
O
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1315
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Endeis nodosa
Taxon: Pycnogonid
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata Superclass: Class: Pycnogonida
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Pantopoda Suborder: Eupantopodida Infraorder:
Superfamily: Phoxichilidoidea Family: Endeidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: Hawaii, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Hilton, 1942
Hawaii
1924
Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
Comments:
X
AO PO
Species ID: 170024
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:15:09 PM
REC
NEP
SF
HR
1316
O

Endeis nodosa Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
O
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 45m] [Pref: 1 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
X X
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: - 36psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
O O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1317
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI X
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Endeis procera
Taxon: Pycnogonid
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata Superclass: Class: Pycnogonida
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Pantopoda Suborder: Eupantopodida Infraorder:
Superfamily: Phoxichilidoidea Family: Endeidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Loman, 1908)
Hawaii
1996
Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
Comments:
X
AO PO
Species ID: 170025
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:15:09 PM
REC
NEP
SF
HR
1318
O

Endeis procera Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
TP RI-PH
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
O
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 3.25 - 50m] [Pref: - 50m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
P
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: - 33psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
Mixed Sediments
O
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B
O
Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1319
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Pigrogromitus timsanus
Taxon: Pycnogonid
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata Superclass: Class: Pycnogonida
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Pantopoda Suborder: Eupantopodida Infraorder:
Superfamily: Ascorhynchoidea Family: Ascorhynchoidea family ince Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Clotenopsa prima Synonym
Type Locality: Lake Timsah, Suez Canal, Egypt
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Calman, 1927
Hawaii
1930
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 122856
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:15:09 PM
NEP
1971
Bahia Ballenas, Mexico
Unknown
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR X A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: The native region of Pigrogromitus timsanus is unknown. It is considered introduced in Hawaii (Carlton
and Eldredge, 2009) and the Mediterranean though the Mediterranean report is questionable (Zenetos et al., 2010).
Larvae were found in the Gulf of California in 1971, though we are unaware of any other records from the NEP.
1320

Pigrogromitus timsanus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
X
TP RI-PH X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
O
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 200m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
O
O
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: - 33psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1321
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Tanystylum rehderi
Taxon: Pycnogonid
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata Superclass: Class: Pycnogonida
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Pantopoda Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Ammotheidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: Moorea, French Polynesia
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Child, 1970
Hawaii
2000
Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 123398
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:15:09 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: Carlton and Eldredge (2009) state that Tanystylum rehderi is native to the Indo-Pacific but likely
introduced to Guam.
NEP
HR
1322
O

Tanystylum rehderi Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
TP RI-PH X X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 18m] [Pref: 0 - 11m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
P
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1323
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC X
X
X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Class: Insecta
1324

1325
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Anisolabis maritima
Taxon: Insects
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda Superclass: Class: Insecta
Subclass: Pterygota Infraclass: Neoptera Superorder:
Order: Dermaptera Suborder: Catadermaptera Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Carcinophoridae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Forficula maritima Synonym maritime earwig
seaside earwig
Type Locality: Mediterranean Sea
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Bonelli, 1832)
Hawaii
1912
Laysan Island, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 1131
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:04:13 PM
NEP
1921
Laguna Beach, California
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: The native range of the earwig, Anisolabis maritima, is unknown. We used regional classifications when
available, otherwise we listed it as unclassified. It has likely been transported via solid ballast and cargo.
1326
O

Anisolabis maritima Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
O
Shelf
MAN
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
O
O
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic O
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW
O
R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1327
H
Supralittoral
P
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU
X
EPC X
F
VP
SP
SP

Atrichopogon jacobsoni
Taxon: Insects
Species ID: 220014
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda Superclass: Class: Insecta
Subclass: Pterygota Infraclass: Neoptera Superorder:
Order: Diptera Suborder: Nematocera Infraorder: Culicomorpha
Superfamily: Family: Ceratopogonidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Atrichopogon cavernarum Synonym biting midge (Atrichopogon jacobsoni)
Ceratopogon jacobsoni Synonym
Type Locality: Java, Indonesia
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (de Meijere, 1907)
Hawaii
1958
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:04:13 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF ID RE AP X REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
X
Comments: Atrichopogon jacobsoni was first recorded from Hawaii in 1958. It is reported as having originated from
"Oriental and Pacific regions", including India and China. It was found in estuarine waters in Hawaii (Carlton and
Eldredge, 2009), though it generally appears to be a terrestrial species, including being found in caves (Wirth, 1980).
1328
NEP

Atrichopogon jacobsoni Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
O
PAR
Mud
Sand
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic
ECOSYSTEM
TP
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal O
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Coastal Fringe
O
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
O
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
P
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1329
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP

Atrichopogon sp. (Carlton & Eldredge, 2009)
Taxon: Insects
Species ID: 220015
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda Superclass: Class: Insecta
Subclass: Pterygota Infraclass: Neoptera Superorder:
Order: Diptera Suborder: Nematocera Infraorder: Culicomorpha
Superfamily: Family: Ceratopogonidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
biting midge (Atrichopogon sp. (Carlton & Eldredge,
Type Locality: Hawaii, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author:
1998
Hawaii
Yes
Hawaii
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:04:13 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF ID RE AP X REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
X
Comments: Atrichopogon sp. (Carlton Eldredge, 2009) was first reported from Hawaii in 1998. It occurs in Hawaiian
streams at salinities ranging from 15 to 43 psu. As is true for biting midges in general, the adult is presumably terrestrial.
NEP
1330

Atrichopogon sp. (Carlton & Eldredge, 2009) Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
O
PAR
Mud
Sand
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic
ECOSYSTEM
TP
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal O
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Coastal Fringe
O
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
P
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
P
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 15 - 43psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper O
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O O
O O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1331
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP

Brachydeutera ibari
Taxon: Insects
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda Superclass: Class: Insecta
Subclass: Pterygota Infraclass: Neoptera Superorder:
Order: Diptera Suborder: Brachycera Infraorder: Muscomorpha
Superfamily: Family: Ephydridae Subfamily: Parydrinae
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Brachydeutera argentata of authors; not Walker, 1853 Misidentified shore fly (Brachydeutera ibari)
Type Locality: Honshu, Japan
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
Native
Native
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Ninomya, 1930
Hawaii
1980
Kahoolawe, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 220022
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:04:13 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Brachydeutera ibari is native to Asia and was first reported from Hawaii in 1980. Carlton and Eldredge
(2009) reported it from estuarine water in a Hawaiian stream while Englund et al. (2000a) only found it in freshwater
reaches of Hawaiian streams. We assume the adult primarily occurs in coastal fringes.
1332
NEP

Brachydeutera ibari Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
Coastal Fringe
O
PAR
Mud
Sand
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic
ECOSYSTEM
TP
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal O
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Coastal Fringe
P
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
P
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
O
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - psu] [Pref: 0 - psu]
Fresh P Brackish O
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta
O
Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1333
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S
X
DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU
X
EPC
F
VP
SP
SP

Canaceoides angulatus
Taxon: Insects
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda Superclass: Class: Insecta
Subclass: Pterygota Infraclass: Neoptera Superorder:
Order: Diptera Suborder: Brachycera Infraorder: Muscomorpha
Superfamily: Family: Canaceidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Canaceoides nudatas of authors, in part Misidentified beach fly (Canaceoides angulatus)
surf fly (Canaceoides angulatus)
surge fly (Canaceoides angulatus)
Type Locality: Oahu, Hawaii, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Wirth, 1969
Hawaii
1922
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 220011
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:04:13 PM
Native
Native
Yes
VECTORS
SH MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Canaceoides angulatus was first described from Hawaii in 1922. Nonetheless, it is considered introduced to
Hawaii and native to tropical and subtropical Eastern Pacific, North and South America (Englund et al., 2000a; Carlton
and Eldredge, 2009). It has been found in freshwater, estuarine, and marine habitats.
1334
NEP

Canaceoides angulatus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Coastal Fringe
O
Bathyal
Rivers
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X TP RI-PH
X X
Coastal Fringe
O
PAR
Mud
O
Sand
O
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 35psu]
Fresh O Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
O O O O O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1335
H
Supralittoral
O
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X X
F
VP
SP
SP

Cercyon fimbriatum
Taxon: Insects
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda Superclass: Class: Insecta
Subclass: Pterygota Infraclass: Neoptera Superorder:
Order: Coleoptera Suborder: Polyphaga Infraorder: Staphyliniformia
Superfamily: Hydrophiloidea Family: Hydrophilidae Subfamily: Sphaeridiinae
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Mannerheim, 1852
Cercyon (Cercyon) fimbriatum Convention
Cercyon fimbriatus Convention
Type Locality:
Hawaii
2001
Maui, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 11777
beach beetle (Cercyon fimbriatum)
water scavenger beetle (Cercyon fimbriatum)
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:04:13 PM
Native
Native
Yes
VECTORS
SH MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Cercyon fimbriatum is a beetle found in high intertidal zones and rocky shores. It is native to Pacific North
America. The first record of this taxon in Hawaii is from 2001.
NEP
1336

Cercyon fimbriatum Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
TP RI-PH
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 0m] [Pref: 0 - 0m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY
Brackish Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic O
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1337
H
Supralittoral
P
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Ceropsilopa coquilletti
Taxon: Insects
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda Superclass: Class: Insecta
Subclass: Pterygota Infraclass: Neoptera Superorder:
Order: Diptera Suborder: Brachycera Infraorder: Muscomorpha
Superfamily: Family: Ephydridae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
shore fly (Ceropsilopa coquilletti)
Type Locality: California, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Cresson, 1922
Hawaii
1946
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 220023
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:04:13 PM
Native
Native
Yes
VECTORS
SH MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: The fly, Ceropsilopa coquilletti, was described from California and considered to be a Nearctic species. It
was first reported from Hawaii in 1946 where it occurs in a variety of freshwater, estuarine, and marine habitats,
including saline streams with salinities up to 43 psu, mangroves, wetlands, and mud banks (Englund et al., 2000a).
1338
NEP

Ceropsilopa coquilletti Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF
X
UV-SUB X X TP RI-PH
Coastal Fringe
O
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
P
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
Intertidal
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Coastal Fringe
O
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
O
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 43psu]
Fresh O Brackish O Marine O Hyper O
Oligohaline O Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O O
O O O O O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1339
H
Supralittoral
O
H
X
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
Pelagic
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Benthic Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP

Clasiopella uncinata
Taxon: Insects
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda Superclass: Class: Insecta
Subclass: Pterygota Infraclass: Neoptera Superorder:
Order: Diptera Suborder: Brachycera Infraorder: Muscomorpha
Superfamily: Family: Ephydridae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Psilopa giordanii Synonym
Type Locality: Formosa (Taiwan)
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Hendel, 1914
Hawaii
1946
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 220024
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:04:13 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Clasiopella uncinata is native to Taiwan and Australasia. Early records from Midway Island, Caribbean,
and Kenya were interceptions on airplanes, a likely vector for this species. These flies are found among both red and
black mangroves and in saline streams.
1340
NEP

Clasiopella uncinata Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X TP RI-PH
Coastal Fringe
O
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Coastal Fringe
O
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
O
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 39psu]
Fresh O Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O O
O O O O O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN
P
DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1341
H
Supralittoral
O
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
VP
SP
SP

Cricotopus bicinctus
Taxon: Insects
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda Superclass: Class: Insecta
Subclass: Pterygota Infraclass: Neoptera Superorder:
Order: Diptera Suborder: Nematocera Infraorder: Culicomorpha
Superfamily: Family: Chironomidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Chironomus bicinctus Synonym midge (Cricotopus bicinctus)
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Meigen, 1818)
Hawaii
1955
Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 6069
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:04:13 PM
Unknown
Unknown
Yes
VECTORS
SH MS AF ID RE AP X REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
X X
Comments: Cricotopus bicinctus is a widespread Afrotropical and Holarctic midge, it was first reported from Hawaii in
1955. In Hawaii, it occurs in brackish streams with salinities up to 9 psu, as well as in high elevations (>1220 m).
NEP
1342

Cricotopus bicinctus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
Coastal Fringe
O
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 1m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Coastal Fringe
O
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
P
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
P
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 9psu] [Pref: 0 - psu]
Fresh P Brackish O
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline O Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1343
H
Supralittoral
H
X
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU
X
EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Crocothemis servilia
Taxon: Insects
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda Superclass: Class: Insecta
Subclass: Pterygota Infraclass: Palaeoptera Superorder:
Order: Odonata Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Libellulidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
scarlet skimmer dragonfly
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Drury, 1770)
Hawaii
1994
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 220002
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:04:13 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF ID RE AP X REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
AO PO
X X
Comments: The scarlet skimmer dragonfly, Crocothemis servilia, is native to the Middle East, Asia, and Australia, and
introduced in Hawaii (Englund, 2002a) and southern Florida (Rodgers, 2010). It is one of the most common and
widespread odonate species in the world, occurring in artificial and highly disturbed habitats (IUCN Redlist).
1344
NEP

Crocothemis servilia Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
X
Coastal Fringe
O
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Coastal Fringe
O
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
P
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
P
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - psu] [Pref: 0 - psu]
Fresh P Brackish O
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta
O
Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA
P
MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1345
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU
X
EPC
F
VP
SP
SP

Cyclodinus mundulus
Taxon: Insects
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda Superclass: Class: Insecta
Subclass: Pterygota Infraclass: Neoptera Superorder:
Order: Coleoptera Suborder: Polyphaga Infraorder: Cucujiformia
Superfamily: Tenebrionoidea Family: Anthicidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Anthicus mundulus Synonym ant-like beetle
Type Locality: Hawaii, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Sharp, 1885)
Hawaii
1895
Oahu and Kauai, Hawaii
Unknown
Species ID: 220010
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:04:13 PM
Native
Native
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: The maritime beetle Cyclodinus mundulus was introduced into Hawaii, however, it has not been observed
for more than 50 years and may be extinct (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009).
NEP
1346

Cyclodinus mundulus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
X X
Coastal Fringe
O
PAR
Mud
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
O
Shelf
MAN
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Coastal Fringe
O
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
O
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1347
H
Supralittoral
P
H
X
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU
X
EPC
F
VP
SP
SP

Dolichopus exsul
Taxon: Insects
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda Superclass: Class: Insecta
Subclass: Pterygota Infraclass: Neoptera Superorder:
Order: Diptera Suborder: Brachycera Infraorder: Muscomorpha
Superfamily: Family: Dolichopodidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Dolichopus angustinervus Synonym long-legged fly (Dolichopus exsul)
Dolichopus sigmatifer Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Aldrich, 1922
Hawaii
1930
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 220018
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:04:13 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF ID RE AP X REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
X
Comments: Dolichopus exsul was first recorded from Hawaii in 1930. In Hawaii it is found in hypersaline
environments at salinities up to 38 psu. Carlton and Eldredge (2009) suggest that it is native to the Caribbean region,
however Evenhuis (1989) lists it as occcurring in China, Taiwan, and India.
1348
NEP

Dolichopus exsul Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
TP RI-PH
Coastal Fringe
O
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal O
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Coastal Fringe
O
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
O
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
O
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 38psu]
Fresh O Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O O
O O O O O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1349
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
Pelagic
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Benthic Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP

Donaceus nigronotatus
Taxon: Insects
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda Superclass: Class: Insecta
Subclass: Pterygota Infraclass: Neoptera Superorder:
Order: Diptera Suborder: Brachycera Infraorder: Muscomorpha
Superfamily: Family: Ephydridae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
shore fly (Donaceus nigronotatus)
Type Locality: Taiwan
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Cresson, 1943
Hawaii
1958
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 220026
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:04:13 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
AO PO
Comments: Donaceus nigronotatus is an Asian species described from Taiwan and recorded in Hawaii in 1958.
Transport on airplanes is a likely vector for the spread of this generalist species (Englund et al., 2000a).
NEP
1350
O
X

Donaceus nigronotatus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS
X
UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
O
PAR
Mud
O
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Coastal Fringe
O
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
O
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
O
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 39psu]
Fresh O Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O O
O O O O O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1351
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP

Enallagma civile
Taxon: Insects
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda Superclass: Class: Insecta
Subclass: Pterygota Infraclass: Palaeoptera Superorder:
Order: Odonata Suborder: Zygoptera Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Coenagrionidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Agrion plebeium Synonym familiar bluet damselfly
Agrion simile Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Hagen, 1862
Hawaii
1936
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 220000
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:04:13 PM
Native
Native
Yes
VECTORS
SH MS AF ID RE AP X REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
AO PO
X X
Comments: Enallagma civile is native to Western North America, but numerous eastern American records exist.
NEP
1352
O

Enallagma civile Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
O
PAR
Mud
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
X
MAR
X
Shelf
MAN
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
P
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
O
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 24psu] [Pref: 0 - psu]
Fresh P Brackish O
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O O O O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA
P
MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1353
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU
X
EPC
F
VP
SP
SP

Enochrus sayi
Taxon: Insects
Species ID: 220007
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda Superclass: Class: Insecta
Subclass: Pterygota Infraclass: Neoptera Superorder:
Order: Coleoptera Suborder: Polyphaga Infraorder: Staphyliniformia
Superfamily: Hydrophiloidea Family: Hydrophilidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
scavenger beetle (Enochrus sayi)
water scavenger beetle (Enochrus sayi)
Type Locality: Okeechobee, Florida, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Gundersen, 1977
1937
Hawaii
Yes
Hawaii
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:04:13 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
AO PO
Comments: Enochrus sayi was first recorded from Hawaii in 1937. These beetles are attracted to light and may be
transported between islands by ships or planes.
NEP
1354
O
X

Enochrus sayi Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
P
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
P
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
P
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 16psu] [Pref: 0 - psu]
Fresh P Brackish P
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline O Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O O O O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic O
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1355
H
Supralittoral
H
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S
X
DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
Pelagic X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Benthic Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X
BP EPS EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP
X

Ephydra gracilis
Taxon: Insects
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda Superclass: Class: Insecta
Subclass: Pterygota Infraclass: Neoptera Superorder:
Order: Diptera Suborder: Brachycera Infraorder: Muscomorpha
Superfamily: Family: Ephydridae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ephydra cinerea Synonym brine fly (Ephydra gracilis)
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Packard, 1871
1946
Hawaii
Yes
Hawaii
Species ID: 1132
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:04:13 PM
Native
Native
Yes
VECTORS
SH MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Ephydra gracilis is native to California. A population explosion occurred in Hawaii shortly after its arrival
in 1946 but then crashed and was not observed again until 1998 (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009). Its introduction is
blamed on seaplanes flying from California to Oahu.
1356
NEP

Ephydra gracilis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
O
PAR
Mud
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
X
MAR
X
Shelf
MAN
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
O Sub-Shallow
O
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Coastal Fringe
O
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
O
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
O
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
O
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY [Obs: - 38psu]
Brackish Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic O
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA
O
MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1357
H
Supralittoral
H
X
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Ephydra millbrae
Taxon: Insects
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda Superclass: Class: Insecta
Subclass: Pterygota Infraclass: Neoptera Superorder:
Order: Diptera Suborder: Brachycera Infraorder: Muscomorpha
Superfamily: Family: Ephydridae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
brine fly (Ephydra millbrae)
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Jones, 1906
1950
Hawaii
Yes
Hawaii
Species ID: 220027
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:04:13 PM
Native
Native
Yes
VECTORS
SH MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
AO PO
Comments: Ephydra millbrae is reported as native to California, with the first record from Hawaii reported in 1950.
NEP
1358
O
X

Ephydra millbrae Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF
X
UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
O
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Coastal Fringe
O
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
O
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
O
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 15 - 44psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper O
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O O
O O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
O
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1359
H
Supralittoral
O
H
X
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Goeldichironomus holoprasinus
Taxon: Insects
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda Superclass: Class: Insecta
Subclass: Pterygota Infraclass: Neoptera Superorder:
Order: Diptera Suborder: Nematocera Infraorder: Culicomorpha
Superfamily: Family: Chironomidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
non-biting midge
Type Locality: Brazil
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Goeldi, 1905)
Hawaii
1969
Honolulu, Hawaii
Yes
VECTORS
SH MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
AO PO
Comments: Goeldichironomus holoprasinus is native to north and south America.
Species ID: 220016
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:04:13 PM
REC
NEP
SF
HR
1360
O
X

Goeldichironomus holoprasinus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal O
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
P
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
O
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - psu]
Fresh O Brackish O
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1361
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP

Hecamede granifera
Taxon: Insects
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda Superclass: Class: Insecta
Subclass: Pterygota Infraclass: Neoptera Superorder:
Order: Diptera Suborder: Brachycera Infraorder: Muscomorpha
Superfamily: Family: Ephydridae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Hecamede (Hecamede) granifera Convention shore fly (Hecamede granifera)
Hecamede femoralis Synonym
Hecamede lacteipennis Synonym
Hecamede nivea Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Thomson, 1869
Hawaii
1923
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 220028
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:04:13 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Hecamede granifera is native to the Western/South Pacific with records from both Guam and Sri Lanka. It
was first reported from Hawaii in 1923 and occurs in sea shore habitats and saline streams.
NEP
1362

Hecamede granifera Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
X X
Coastal Fringe
P
PAR
Mud
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
P
Shelf
MAN
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 22m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
O Sub-Shallow
O
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Coastal Fringe
P
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
O
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 15 - 43psu] [Pref: - 37psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper O
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O P
O O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
O
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1363
H
Supralittoral
O
H
X
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU
X
EPC
X X
F
VP
SP
SP

Hostis guamensis
Taxon: Insects
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda Superclass: Class: Insecta
Subclass: Pterygota Infraclass: Neoptera Superorder:
Order: Diptera Suborder: Brachycera Infraorder: Muscomorpha
Superfamily: Family: Ephydridae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Discocerina rattii Synonym
Type Locality: Guam
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Cresson, 1945
Hawaii
1946
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 220048
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:04:13 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Hostis guamensis is an Australasian species first recorded from Hawaii in 1946. It is reported as having
invaded Madagascar as well and is noted to have an "Afrotropical" distribution. The type specimen is from an airplane
that landed on Guam, and airplanes are a likely vector for this species.
1364
NEP

Hostis guamensis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
P
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1365
H
Supralittoral
O
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Ischnura ramburii
Taxon: Insects
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda Superclass: Class: Insecta
Subclass: Pterygota Infraclass: Palaeoptera Superorder:
Order: Odonata Suborder: Zygoptera Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Coenagrionidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Agrion aurantiaca Synonym Rambur's forktail damselfly
Agrion credula Synonym
Agrion defixa Synonym
Agrion expertum Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Selys-Longchamps, 1850)
Hawaii
1973
Hilea, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 220001
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:04:13 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF ID RE AP X REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
AO PO
X X
Comments: Ischnura ramburii is native to North and South America and, based on numerous records, appears to be
primarily eastern American. Reproduction occurs in freshwater, but all other life stages occur around salt water
environments.
1366
NEP

Ischnura ramburii Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
Coastal Fringe
O
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Coastal Fringe
O
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
P
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
O
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 10psu] [Pref: 0 - psu]
Fresh P Brackish O
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline O Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O O O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA
P
MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1367
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU
X
EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Kleidotoma bryani
Taxon: Insects
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda Superclass: Class: Insecta
Subclass: Pterygota Infraclass: Neoptera Superorder:
Order: Hymenoptera Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Eucoilidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Kleidotoma (Kleidotoma) bryani Convention
Type Locality: Oahu, Hawaii, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Yoshimoto, 1962
Hawaii
1923
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 220047
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:04:13 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Although originally described from Hawaii, Carlton and Eldredge (2009) list Kleidotoma bryani as
introduced to Hawaii and native to Guam and Palmyra Islands. This wasp appears to be a parasite of an unknown
littoral fly.
1368
NEP

Kleidotoma bryani Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
O
PAR
X
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Coastal Fringe
O
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
O
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY
Brackish Marine Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic O
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1369
H
Supralittoral
O
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
Pelagic
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Benthic Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Medetera grisescens
Taxon: Insects
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda Superclass: Class: Insecta
Subclass: Pterygota Infraclass: Neoptera Superorder:
Order: Diptera Suborder: Brachycera Infraorder: Muscomorpha
Superfamily: Family: Dolichopodidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Medetera atrata Synonym long-legged fly (Medetera grisescens)
Medetera cilifemorata Synonym
Medetera hawaiiensis of VanDuzee, 1933 Synonym
Medetera palmae Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Meijere, 1916
Hawaii
1914
Honolulu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 220019
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:04:13 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Medetera grisescens is a wide-spread tramp species, thought to be native to the Australasia region. It was
first recorded from Hawaii in 1914.
NEP
1370

Medetera grisescens Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
O
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Coastal Fringe
O
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
P
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
O
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 38psu]
Fresh O Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O O
O O O O O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1371
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU
X
EPC
F
VP
SP
SP

Mesovelia amoena
Taxon: Insects
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda Superclass: Class: Insecta
Subclass: Pterygota Infraclass: Neoptera Superorder:
Order: Hemiptera Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Mesoveliidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Mesovelia douglasensis Synonym water treader (Mesovelia amoena)
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Uhler, 1894
Hawaii
1971
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 220004
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:04:13 PM
Native
Native
Yes
VECTORS
SH MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
AO PO
Comments: Mesovelia amoena is native to North and South America. This species is apparently parthenogenetic in
Hawaii as males are unknown (Englund et al., 2000a).
NEP
1372
O
X

Mesovelia amoena Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
P
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
Coastal Fringe
O
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Coastal Fringe
O
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
P
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
O
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 9psu] [Pref: 0 - psu]
Fresh P Brackish O
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline O Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic O
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA
O
MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
X
1373
H
Supralittoral
H
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
X
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic X Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP
X

Mesovelia mulsanti
Taxon: Insects
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda Superclass: Class: Insecta
Subclass: Pterygota Infraclass: Neoptera Superorder:
Order: Hemiptera Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Mesoveliidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: White, 1879
Mesovelia bisignata Synonym
Mesovelia mulsanti bisignata Convention
Type Locality:
Hawaii
1933
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
shore bug (Mesovelia mulsanti)
water treader (Mesovelia mulsanti)
Species ID: 220005
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:04:13 PM
Native
Native
Yes
VECTORS
SH MS AF ID RE AP X REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
AO PO
X X
Comments: Mesovelia mulsanti is native to North and South America and there are many records of this taxon in
coastal Argentina. “Winged and apterous forms were observed moving across the water surface, lily pads, algal masses
and other aquatic vegetation. Eggs are laid in aquatic plant tissue.” (Englund et al., 2000a).
1374
NEP

Mesovelia mulsanti Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
O
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
Coastal Fringe
O
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Coastal Fringe
O
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
P
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
O
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 4.5psu] [Pref: 0 - psu]
Fresh P Brackish O
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA
O
MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
X
1375
H
Supralittoral
O
H
O
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
Pelagic X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Benthic Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP
X

Micracanthia humilis
Taxon: Insects
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda Superclass: Class: Insecta
Subclass: Pterygota Infraclass: Neoptera Superorder:
Order: Hemiptera Suborder: Heteroptera Infraorder: Leptopodomorpha
Superfamily: Leptopodoidea Family: Saldidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
shore bug (Micracanthia humilis)
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Say, 1832)
Hawaii
1988
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
VECTORS
SH MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
AO PO
Comments:
Species ID: 220006
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:04:13 PM
REC
NEP
SF
HR
1376
O
X

Micracanthia humilis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
O
PAR
Mud
O
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Coastal Fringe
O
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
P
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 28psu] [Pref: 0 - psu]
Fresh P Brackish O
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O O O O O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1377
H
Supralittoral
O
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU
X
EPC
F
VP
SP
SP

Mosillus tibialis
Taxon: Insects
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda Superclass: Class: Insecta
Subclass: Pterygota Infraclass: Neoptera Superorder:
Order: Diptera Suborder: Brachycera Infraorder: Muscomorpha
Superfamily: Family: Ephydridae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Gymnopa tibialis Synonym shore fly (Mosillus tibialis)
Type Locality: Wildwood, New Jersey, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Cresson, 1916
Hawaii
1944
Molokai, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 220029
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:04:13 PM
Native
Native
Yes
VECTORS
SH MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Mosillus tibialis is a widespread species in temperate North America. It was first reported from Hawaii in
1944 and was likely introduced from the Western U.S. by commerce.
NEP
1378

Mosillus tibialis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Coastal Fringe
P
Bathyal
Rivers
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
TP RI-PH
X X
Coastal Fringe
P
PAR
Mud
O
Sand
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Lakes
O
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 38 - 43psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper O
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
O
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic O
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1379
H
Supralittoral
O
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU
X
EPC
F
VP
SP
SP

Orasiopa mera
Taxon: Insects
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda Superclass: Class: Insecta
Subclass: Pterygota Infraclass: Neoptera Superorder:
Order: Diptera Suborder: Brachycera Infraorder: Muscomorpha
Superfamily: Family: Ephydridae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Discocerina mera Synonym shore fly (Orasiopa mera)
Type Locality: Taiwan
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Cresson, 1939)
Hawaii
1948
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 220025
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:04:13 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Orasiopa mera (= Discocerina mera) is native to the western/southern Pacific Ocean and was first reported
from Hawaii in 1948.
NEP
1380

Orasiopa mera Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X TP RI-PH
Coastal Fringe
O
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
O
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
O
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Coastal Fringe
O
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
O
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 10 - 39psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O O
O O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic O
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN
O
DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1381
H
Supralittoral
O
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
VP
SP
SP

Parathroscinus murphyi
Taxon: Insects
Species ID: 220009
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda Superclass: Class: Insecta
Subclass: Pterygota Infraclass: Neoptera Superorder:
Order: Coleoptera Suborder: Polyphaga Infraorder: Elateriformia
Superfamily: Byrrhoidea Family: Limnichidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Parathrocinus cf. murphyi of Englund et al., 2000 Ambiguous syn. minute marsh-loving beetle (Parathroscinus murphyi)
small mangrove mudflat beetle
Type Locality: Singapore
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Woolridge, 1990
1996
Hawaii
Yes
Hawaii
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:04:13 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Parathroscinus murphyi is native to Southeast Asia (holotype described from Singapore). This beetle was
first recorded from Hawaii in 1996 and has become abundant in mangrove habitats. Carlton and Eldredge (2009)
suggest that it was introduced via ballast water.
1382
NEP

Parathroscinus murphyi Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR
UV-CS UV-TF
X
UV-SUB X
Coastal Fringe
O
PAR
Mud
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
MAN
X
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Coastal Fringe
O
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
O
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish P
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1383
H
Supralittoral
O
H
X
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU
X
EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Paratissa pollinosa
Taxon: Insects
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda Superclass: Class: Insecta
Subclass: Pterygota Infraclass: Neoptera Superorder:
Order: Diptera Suborder: Brachycera Infraorder: Muscomorpha
Superfamily: Family: Ephydridae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Drosophila pollinosa Synonym shore fly (Paratissa pollinosa)
Paratissa semilutea of authors in part Misidentified
Type Locality: St. Vincent, West Indies
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Williston, 1896)
Hawaii
1945
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 220030
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:04:13 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
AO PO
Comments: Paratissa pollinosa is native to the Caribbean and South America and was first recorded from Hawaii in
1945.
NEP
1384
O
X

Paratissa pollinosa Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS
X
UV-TF UV-SUB
TP RI-PH
Coastal Fringe
P
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Coastal Fringe
P
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY
Brackish Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1385
H
Supralittoral
P
H
X
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S
X
DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
VP
SP
SP

Placopsidella marquesana
Taxon: Insects
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda Superclass: Class: Insecta
Subclass: Pterygota Infraclass: Neoptera Superorder:
Order: Diptera Suborder: Brachycera Infraorder: Muscomorpha
Superfamily: Family: Ephydridae Subfamily: Psilopinae
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Placopsidella cynocephala of Hawaiian authors; not Kertész,Misidentified shore fly (Placopsidella marquesana)
Type Locality: New Guinea
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Malloch, 1933)
Hawaii
1951
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 220031
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:04:13 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Placopsidella marquesana is described from New Guinea and has a broad Indo-Pacific distribution. The
first record from Hawaii is 1951. Recent collections from Oahu include areas with relatively little or no freshwater
input, with salinities as high as 42 psu (Englund et al., 2000a).
1386
NEP

Placopsidella marquesana Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS
X
UV-TF UV-SUB
TP RI-PH
Coastal Fringe
O
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
O
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
O
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Coastal Fringe
O
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
O
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY [Obs: 30 - 42psu]
Brackish Marine O Hyper O
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
O
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic O
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1387
H
Supralittoral
O
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
VP
SP
SP

Procanace williamsi
Taxon: Insects
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda Superclass: Class: Insecta
Subclass: Pterygota Infraclass: Neoptera Superorder:
Order: Diptera Suborder: Brachycera Infraorder: Muscomorpha
Superfamily: Family: Canaceidae Subfamily: Nocticanacinae
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
beach fly (Procanace williamsi)
Type Locality: Kalihi, Hawaii, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Wirth, 1951
Hawaii
1944
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 220012
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:04:13 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Procanace williamsi is reported as native to Japan and was first recognized in Hawaii in 1944. It is now one
of the most common beach flies found on Oahu, Hawaii (Englund et al., 2000a). It may have been introduced by
airplanes.
1388
NEP

Procanace williamsi Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X X
Coastal Fringe
O
PAR
Mud
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
O
Shelf
MAN
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Coastal Fringe
O
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
O
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: - 30psu]
Fresh Brackish O
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1389
H
Supralittoral
O
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU
X
EPC
F
VP
SP
SP

Prokelisia marginata
Taxon: Insects
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda Superclass: Class: Insecta
Subclass: Pterygota Infraclass: Neoptera Superorder:
Order: Hemiptera Suborder: Auchenorrhyncha Infraorder: Fulguromorpha
Superfamily: Fulgoroidea Family: Delphacidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
delphaeid planthopper
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Van Duzee, 1897)
Hawaii
Species ID: 3325
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:04:13 PM
NEP
1993
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Prokelisia marginata is an herbivore on Spartina on the east coast of the U.S. and was introduced into
Willapa Bay, Washington as a biocontrol.
1390
O

Prokelisia marginata Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
X
MAR
X
Shelf
MAN
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish P
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA
P
MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1391
H
Supralittoral
H
X
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
Pelagic
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Benthic Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Pselactus spadix
Taxon: Insects
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda Superclass: Class: Insecta
Subclass: Pterygota Infraclass: Neoptera Superorder:
Order: Coleoptera Suborder: Polyphaga Infraorder: Cucujiformia
Superfamily: Curculionoidea Family: Curculionidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Curculio spadix Synonym marine wood boring weevil
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Herbst, 1795)
Hawaii
Species ID: 101843
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:04:13 PM
NEP
1966
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Pselactus spadix is a wood boring weevil that occurs from the mid-tide through the splash zone.
HR
1392
O
X

Pselactus spadix Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P P O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1393
H
Supralittoral
O
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC
X
SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Psilopa girschneri
Taxon: Insects
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda Superclass: Class: Insecta
Subclass: Pterygota Infraclass: Neoptera Superorder:
Order: Diptera Suborder: Brachycera Infraorder: Muscomorpha
Superfamily: Family: Ephydridae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Psilopa dimidiata Synonym shore fly (Psilopa girschneri)
Psilopa olga Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Roder, 1889
Hawaii
1952
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 220032
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:04:13 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Psilopa girschneri is a broadly distributed Northern hemisphere taxon. It was first reported from Hawaii in
1952, where it can occur in salinities as high as 43 psu (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009).
NEP
1394

Psilopa girschneri Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF
X
UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
O
PAR
Mud
O
Sand
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Coastal Fringe
O
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
O
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
O
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 15 - 43psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper O
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O O
O O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1395
H
Supralittoral
O
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU
X
EPC
F
VP
SP
SP

Psychoda salicornia
Taxon: Insects
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda Superclass: Class: Insecta
Subclass: Pterygota Infraclass: Neoptera Superorder:
Order: Diptera Suborder: Nematocera Infraorder: Psychodomorpha
Superfamily: Family: Psychodidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
moth fly
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Quate, 1954
Type Locality: San Francisco and Tomales Bays, California, USA
1945
Hawaii
Unknown
Hawaii
Species ID: 220021
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:04:13 PM
Native
Native
Yes
VECTORS
SH MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Psychoda salicornia appears to be native to California and was first reported from Hawaii in 1945. This fly
is found on pickleweed, Salicornia (Sarcocornia) in its native California. It has not been definitively reported from
Hawaii since 1946; thus we consider its establishment as unknown.
1396
NEP

Psychoda salicornia Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
X
MAR
X
Shelf
MAN
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 0m] [Pref: 0 - 0m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
O
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA
P
MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1397
H
Supralittoral
O
H
X
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
Pelagic
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Benthic Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Scatella stagnalis
Taxon: Insects
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda Superclass: Class: Insecta
Subclass: Pterygota Infraclass: Neoptera Superorder:
Order: Diptera Suborder: Brachycera Infraorder: Muscomorpha
Superfamily: Family: Ephydridae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Scatella (Scatella) stagnalis Convention shore fly (Scatella stagnalis)
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Fallén, 1813)
Hawaii
1967
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 220033
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:04:13 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
AO PO
Comments: Scatella stagnalis is broadly distributed in the Northern hemisphere. It was first recorded from Hawaii in
1967.
NEP
1398
O
X

Scatella stagnalis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
O
PAR
Mud
Sand
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m] [Pref: 0 - 0m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Coastal Fringe
O
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
O
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
O
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 43psu]
Fresh O Brackish O Marine O Hyper O
Oligohaline O Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O O
O O O O O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1399
H
Supralittoral
O
H
X
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP

Syntormon flexible
Taxon: Insects
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda Superclass: Class: Insecta
Subclass: Pterygota Infraclass: Neoptera Superorder:
Order: Diptera Suborder: Brachycera Infraorder: Muscomorpha
Superfamily: Family: Dolichopodidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Syntormon distortitarsis Synonym long-legged fly (Syntormon flexible)
Syntormon flexibile Convention
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Becker, 1922
Hawaii
1917
Kauai, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 220020
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:04:13 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
AO PO
Comments: Syntormon flexible is considered native to the Indo-West Pacific, and was first reported from Hawaii in
1917.
NEP
1400
O
X

Syntormon flexible Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
P
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 37psu]
Fresh O Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O O
O O O O O O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1401
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP

Telmatogeton japonicus
Taxon: Insects
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda Superclass: Class: Insecta
Subclass: Pterygota Infraclass: Neoptera Superorder:
Order: Diptera Suborder: Nematocera Infraorder: Culicomorpha
Superfamily: Family: Chironomidae Subfamily: Orthocladiinae
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Telmatogeton remanei Synonym giant midge
marine splash midge
maritime non-biting midge
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Tokunaga, 1933
Hawaii
1946
Hilo, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 220017
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:04:13 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Telmatogeton japonicus is native to Japan and first reported from Hawaii in 1946. Flies are associated with
algae, including Ulva sp. and Enteromorpha sp. According to ICES (2005), hull fouling (above the water line) is a
likely vector.
1402
NEP

Telmatogeton japonicus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
TP RI-PH
Coastal Fringe
O
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Coastal Fringe
O
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 35psu]
Fresh O Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
O O O O O O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1403
H
Supralittoral
P
H
X
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Tethina willistoni
Taxon: Insects
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda Superclass: Class: Insecta
Subclass: Pterygota Infraclass: Neoptera Superorder:
Order: Diptera Suborder: Brachycera Infraorder: Muscomorpha
Superfamily: Family: Canaceidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Tethina variseta Synonym beach fly (Tethina willistoni)
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Melander, 1913)
Hawaii
1919
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 220013
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:04:13 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF ID RE AP REC
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
AO PO
Comments: Tethina willistoni is classified as a Western Atlantic species (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009).
NEP
SF
HR
1404
O
X

Tethina willistoni Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS
X
UV-TF UV-SUB
X TP RI-PH
Coastal Fringe
O
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Coastal Fringe
O
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
O
Bathyal
Rivers
O
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: - 42psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper O
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
O
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic O
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN
O
DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1405
H
Supralittoral
O
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Thambemyia borealis
Taxon: Insects
Species ID: 3374
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda Superclass: Class: Insecta
Subclass: Pterygota Infraclass: Neoptera Superorder:
Order: Diptera Suborder: Brachycera Infraorder: Muscomorpha
Superfamily: Family: Dolichopodidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Conchopus borealis Synonym long-legged fly (Thambemyia borealis)
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Takagi, 1965)
Hawaii
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:04:13 PM
NEP

Thambemyia borealis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1407
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI X
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Tramea lacerata
Taxon: Insects
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda Superclass: Class: Insecta
Subclass: Pterygota Infraclass: Palaeoptera Superorder:
Order: Odonata Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Libellulidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
black saddlebags
black-mantled glider dragonfly
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Hagen, 1862
Hawaii
1873
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 220003
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:04:13 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF ID RE AP REC SF
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
AO PO
Comments: Tramea lacerata is native to eastern North America. It was first recorded on Hawaii in 1873.
NEP
HR
1408
O
X

Tramea lacerata Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
Coastal Fringe
O
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Coastal Fringe
O
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
P
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
O
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
O
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 24psu] [Pref: 0 - psu]
Fresh P Brackish O
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O O O O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1409
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP

Trichocorixa reticulata
Taxon: Insects
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda Superclass: Class: Insecta
Subclass: Pterygota Infraclass: Neoptera Superorder:
Order: Hemiptera Suborder: Heteroptera Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Corixidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Arctocorixa blackburni Synonym
Corixa blackburni Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Guerin-Meneville, 1857)
Hawaii
1877
Oahu, Molokai, Maui, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 4717
reticulate water boatman
water boatman (Trichocorixa reticulata)
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:04:13 PM
Native
Native
Yes
VECTORS
SH MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: The water boatman, Trichocorixa reticulata is a well-known North American taxon that inhabits brackish to
high saline pools.
NEP
1410

Trichocorixa reticulata Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
P
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
O
Sand
X
MAR
X
Shelf
MAN
X
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 1.65m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow
O
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Coastal Fringe
O
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Lakes
O
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: - 43psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper O
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O O
O O O O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
X
1411
H
Supralittoral
H
X
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic X Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP EPS EPU
X
EPC
F
VP
SP
SP
X

Trigonotylus uhleri
Taxon: Insects
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda Superclass: Class: Insecta
Subclass: Pterygota Infraclass: Neoptera Superorder:
Order: Hemiptera Suborder: Heteroptera Infraorder: Cimicomorpha
Superfamily: Miroidea Family: Miridae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
cordgrass bug
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Reuter, 1876)
Hawaii
Species ID: 1135
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:04:13 PM
NEP
1993
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: The NWA Trigonotylus uhleri was first found in the San Francisco Estuary in 1993. It is an herbivore on
Spartina and may have been accidently transported with Spartina imported for erosion control (Cohen and Carlton,
1995). However, it has little effect on the invasive populations of Spartina in San Francisco (Daehler and Strong, 1995).
1412

Trigonotylus uhleri Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
X
MAR
X
Shelf
MAN
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 2 - 13psu]
Fresh Brackish P
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O O O O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA
P
MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1413
H
Supralittoral
O
H
X
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
Pelagic
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Benthic Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Tropisternus salsamentus
Taxon: Insects
Species ID: 220008
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda Superclass: Class: Insecta
Subclass: Pterygota Infraclass: Neoptera Superorder:
Order: Coleoptera Suborder: Polyphaga Infraorder: Staphyliniformia
Superfamily: Hydrophiloidea Family: Hydrophilidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Tropisternis salsamentus Convention water scavenger beetle (Tropisternus salsamentus)
Type Locality: California, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Fall, 1901
Hawaii
1968
Maui, Hawaii
Yes
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:04:13 PM
Native
Native
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
X
AO PO
Comments: Tropisternus salsamentus was first reported from Hawaii in 1968. Englund (2002) suggested that ballast
water was a likely vector; however since it is attracted to light we suggest that other possible vectors include airplanes
or ship cargo.
1414
NEP

Tropisternus salsamentus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
P
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
O
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Coastal Fringe
O
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
O
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
O
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 24psu]
Fresh P Brackish O
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O O O O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA
P
MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1415
H
Supralittoral
O
H
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S
X
DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic X Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP EPS EPU
X
EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP
X

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Echinodermata
Subphylum: Asterozoa
1416

1417
This page was intentionally left blank

Ophiactis savignyi
Taxon: Ophiuroid
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Echinodermata
Subphylum: Asterozoa Superclass: Cryptosyringida Class: Ophiuroidea
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Ophiurida Suborder: Ophiurina Infraorder: Gnathophiurina
Superfamily: Family: Ophiactidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ophiactis brocki Synonym savigny's brittle star
Ophiactis incisa Synonym
Ophiactis krebsii Synonym
Ophiolepis savignyi Synonym
Type Locality: Egypt
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Müller & Troschel, 1842)
Hawaii
1847-1849
Honolulu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 15871
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:24:30 PM
Unknown
Unknown
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Ophiactis savignyi is considered native to the Indo-Pacific, though based on nested clade analyses and its
fouling habitat, Carlton and Eldredge (2009) classify it as NIS in Hawaii. Paulay et al. (2002) classify it as cryptogenic
in Guam and note that it is a species complex. We list it as a conflict in Hawaii, Guam, and Samoa.
1418
NEP

Ophiactis savignyi Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
TP
X
RI-PH X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 550m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
O
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
O
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
P
P P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1419
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET
X
DEC SF
DF X
DF-SUR X DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
X IF FEE FCS
X
P X
DD
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
X X
F
X
SP
SP

Strongylocentrotus intermedius
Taxon: Echinoid
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Echinodermata
Subphylum: Asterozoa Superclass: Class: Echinoidea
Subclass: Euechinoidea Infraclass: Carinacea Superorder: Echinacea
Order: Camarodonta Suborder: Infraorder: Echinidea
Superfamily: Odontophora Family: Strongylocentrotidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 1989
Loc 1st record: Dalian, China
Established: Yes
Taxonomic Author: (Agassiz, 1863)
Hawaii
Species ID: 100674
Print Date: 9/9/2012 11:24:30 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X AO PO
Comments: Strongylocentrotus intermedius was introduced from Japan to the Yellow Sea for aquaculture and has
established a wild population at Dalian.
NEP
1420
O

Strongylocentrotus intermedius Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
TP RI-PH X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
O
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 1 - 10m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
O
O
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY
Brackish Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1421
H
Supralittoral
H
X
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS
X
P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X X
F
VP
SP
SP

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Tunicata
1422

1423
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Ascidia archaia
Taxon: Tunicate
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Tunicata Superclass: Class: Ascidiacea
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Phlebobranchia Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Ascidiidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ascidia aperta Synonym
Ascidia corelloides Synonym
Ascidia rhabdophora Synonym
Phallusia corelloides Synonym
Type Locality: Bay of Jakarta (as Djakarta), Indonesia
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Sluiter, 1890
Hawaii
1940
Honolulu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 170004
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:54:01 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Ascidia archaia is a western Pacific and Indo-Pacific tunicate that has been introduced into Hawaii (Carlton
and Eldredge, 2009), Caribbean (Rocha, 2010), and Eastern Pacific (Bullard et al., 2011). It occurs in southern China,
though apparently not the NWP region.
1424
NEP

Ascidia archaia Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: - 1m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
X X
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY
Brackish Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
O O
SynH
SA
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1425
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DD
RI
RI-PH
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
H X G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
SeqH
IF FEE FCS
X
P
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Ascidia sp. (Lambert and Lambert, 1998)
Taxon: Tunicate
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Tunicata Superclass: Class: Ascidiacea
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Phlebobranchia Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Ascidiidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ascidia sp. (Cohen and Carlton 1995) Synonym
Ascidia sp. A Lambert Synonym
Type Locality: California, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Lambert & Lambert, 1998
Hawaii
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A
X
AO PO
Comments:
Species ID: 1148
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:54:01 PM
NEP
1983
Marina del Rey and San Diego
Yes
P
REC
SF
HR
1426
O

Ascidia sp. (Lambert and Lambert, 1998) Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1427
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Ascidia species A (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009)
Taxon: Tunicate
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Tunicata Superclass: Class: Ascidiacea
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Phlebobranchia Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Ascidiidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: Hawaii, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author:
Hawaii

Ascidia species A (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009) Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR
X
O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1429
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Ascidia species B (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009)
Taxon: Tunicate
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Tunicata Superclass: Class: Ascidiacea
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Phlebobranchia Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Ascidiidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: Hawaii, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author:
Hawaii

Ascidia species B (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009) Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
X X
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1431
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Ascidia sydneiensis
Taxon: Tunicate
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Tunicata Superclass: Class: Ascidiacea
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Phlebobranchia Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Ascidiidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
yellow-green sea squirt
Type Locality: Port Jackson, Australia
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Stimpson, 1855
Hawaii
1930s
Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 122872
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:54:01 PM
NEP

Ascidia sydneiensis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
X TP RI-PH X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 60m] [Pref: 10 - 25m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
Mixed Sediments
O
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
P P P
SynH
SA
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1433
H X
SeqH
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
X X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Ascidia zara
Taxon: Tunicate
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Tunicata Superclass: Class: Ascidiacea
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Phlebobranchia Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Ascidiidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Oka, 1935
Hawaii
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A
X
AO PO
Comments:
Species ID: 1149
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:54:01 PM
NEP
1984
Long Beach Harbor, CA
Yes
P
REC
SF
HR
1434
O

Ascidia zara Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
TP RI-PH X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 8 - 10m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 34 - 35.5psu] [Pref: - 35psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
Mixed Sediments
O
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O P
O P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1435
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS
X
P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Ascidiella aspersa
Taxon: Tunicate
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Tunicata Superclass: Class: Ascidiacea
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Phlebobranchia Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Ascidiidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 2009
Loc 1st record: Funka Bay, Japan
Established: Unknown
Taxonomic Author: (Müller, 1776)
Ascidia aculeata Synonym
Ascidia affinis Synonym
Ascidia albida Synonym
Ascidia aspersa Synonym
Type Locality:
Hawaii
dirty sea squirt
European sea squirt
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
Comments:
X
AO X PO
Species ID: 120194
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:54:01 PM
REC
NEP
SF
HR
1436
O

Ascidiella aspersa Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
X
TP RI-PH X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 90m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 18 - 40psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine O Hyper O
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O O
O O
K
Mixed Sediments
O
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
P
P O
SynH
X
SA
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1437
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
H X G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
SeqH
IF FEE FCS
X
P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Bostrichobranchus pilularis
Taxon: Tunicate
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Tunicata Superclass: Class: Ascidiacea
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Stolidobranchia Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Molgulidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Bostrichobranchus manhattensis Synonym
Eugyra pilularis Synonym
Eugyriopsis manhattensis Synonym
Herdmania bostrichobranchus Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Verrill, 1871)
Hawaii
Species ID: 3339
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:54:01 PM
NEP
1992
San Dieguito Lagoon, CA
Unknown
VECTORS
SH MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Bostrichobranchus pilularis is a Northwest Atlantic species that was common in San Dieguito Lagoon in
Southern California in 1992. However, it has not been reported since (Lambert and Lambert, 1998; CANOD, 2009),
and may be extinct in California. Reports from the Aleutians and Arctic were in 1986-1988 (GBIF and OBIS).
1438

Bostrichobranchus pilularis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
O
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
O
Sand
O
DEPTH [Obs: 1 - 219m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
P
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
O
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
P
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
O
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1439
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DD
RI
RI-PH
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
H X G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
SeqH
IF FEE FCS
X
P
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Botrylloides diegensis
Taxon: Tunicate
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Tunicata Superclass: Class: Ascidiacea
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Stolidobranchia Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Styelidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Botryllus diegense Synonym chain sea squirt
Type Locality: San Diego, California, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 1969
Loc 1st record: Peter the Great Bay, Russia
Established: Unknown
Taxonomic Author: Ritter & Forsyth, 1917
Hawaii
Species ID: 2444
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:54:01 PM
Native
Native
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
AO PO X
Comments: Botrylloides diegensis is classified as native in the NEP by CANOD (2009) and Lambert and Lambert
(2003), who state that it and the nonindigenous B. violaceus were not recognized as separate species in California until
1997. However, Carlton (2009) regards it "as introduced from the Western or South Pacific."
1440
NEP

Botrylloides diegensis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 12m] [Pref: 1 - 6m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
O Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
X X
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 24.5 - 34psu] [Pref: 26 - 34psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
O P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O P
P O P
SynH
SA
PP
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
H X G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
SeqH
IF FEE FCS
X
P
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1441
Supralittoral
DD
RI X
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B X LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
SP
SP

Botrylloides perspicuus
Taxon: Tunicate
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Tunicata Superclass: Class: Ascidiacea
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Stolidobranchia Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Styelidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Botrylloides firmus Synonym
Botrylloides perspicuum Convention
Botryllus firmus Synonym
Botryllus perspicuus Synonym
Type Locality: Philippines
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Unknown
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Herdman, 1886
Hawaii
Species ID: 2396
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:54:01 PM
NEP
1997
San Diego Bay, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: Botrylloides perspicuus is an Indo-Pacific ascidian that has been introduced into the NEP, Chile, and the
Caribbean. It has been reported from the Yellow Sea (Liu, 2008) but it is not clear whether this is a native or introduced
distribution. Monniot and Monniot (2001) synonymized Botryllus firmus with B. perspicuous.
1442

Botrylloides perspicuus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
O
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 7 - 170m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Consolidated
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
SR
X
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
CR
X
X
O/M
X
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
P O P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1443
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS
X
P
X
DD
RI
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
SP
SP

Botrylloides simodensis
Taxon: Tunicate
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Tunicata Superclass: Class: Ascidiacea
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Stolidobranchia Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Styelidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
orange sheath tunicate
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Saito & Watanabe, 1981
Hawaii
1998
Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A
X
AO PO
Comments:
Species ID: 170005
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:54:01 PM
P
REC
NEP
SF
HR
1444
O

Botrylloides simodensis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
O Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR
X
CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O O
SynH
SA
PP
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
H X G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
SeqH
IF FEE FCS
X
P
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1445
Supralittoral
DD
RI X
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
SP
SP

Botrylloides sp. (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009)
Taxon: Tunicate
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Tunicata Superclass: Class: Ascidiacea
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Stolidobranchia Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Styelidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: Hawaii, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author:
Hawaii
1973
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A
X
AO PO
Comments:
Species ID: 170012
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:54:01 PM
P
REC
NEP
SF
HR
1446
O

Botrylloides sp. (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009) Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal O
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B
O
Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1447
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS
X
P
DD
RI
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
SP
SP

Botrylloides sp. A Lambert (CANOD, 2009)
Taxon: Tunicate
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Tunicata Superclass: Class: Ascidiacea
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Stolidobranchia Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Styelidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: California, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Lambert
Hawaii
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A
X
AO PO
Comments:
Species ID: 101265
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:54:01 PM
NEP
2006
Santa Barbara Harbor, CA
Yes
P
REC
SF
HR
1448
O
X

Botrylloides sp. A Lambert (CANOD, 2009) Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal O
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1449
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
RI
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
SP
SP

Botrylloides violaceus
Taxon: Tunicate
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Tunicata Superclass: Class: Ascidiacea
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Stolidobranchia Suborder: Stolidobranchia Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Styelidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Oka, 1927
Botrylloides aurantium Synonym
Botrylloides aurantius Misspelling
Botrylloides carnosum Synonym
Botrylloides lateritium Synonym
Type Locality: Japan
Hawaii
chain tunicate
violet tunicate
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
AO PO X
Comments:
Species ID: 2398
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:54:01 PM
NEP
1945?
Southern California
Yes
REC
SF
HR
1450
O

Botrylloides violaceus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 50m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
X X
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 20 - 38psu] [Pref: 26 - 38psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P P
O P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O O
P O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1451
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS
X
P
X
DD
RI X
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
SP
SP

Botryllus schlosseri
Taxon: Tunicate
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Tunicata Superclass: Class: Ascidiacea
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Stolidobranchia Suborder: Stolidobranchia Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Styelidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: Falmouth, English Channel
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Pallas, 1766)
Alcyonium schlosseri Synonym
Botryllus gouldii Synonym
Botryllus polycyclus Synonym
Botryllus rubens Synonym
Hawaii
golden star tunicate
harbor stars
star tunicate
Species ID: 1151
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:54:01 PM
NEP
1947
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
AO X PO
Comments: CANOD (2009) consider Botryllus schlosseri native to Europe, and Zenetos et al. (2010) does not list it as
introduced in the Mediterranean. Olenin and Didžiulis (2009) list it as an alien in Europe and Mead et al. (2011)
consider the native region to be unknown. We list the NEA as a conflict and tentatively introduced in other regions.
1452

Botryllus schlosseri Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
TP RI-PH X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 200m] [Pref: 1 - 18m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 14 - 44psu] [Pref: 25 - 38psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper O
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P P
O O P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O O
O
P P
SynH
X
SA
PP
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
H X G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
SeqH
IF FEE FCS
X
P
X
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1453
Supralittoral
DD
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
X X
F
X
SP
SP

Botryllus sp. (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009)
Taxon: Tunicate
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Tunicata Superclass: Class: Ascidiacea
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Stolidobranchia Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Styelidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: Hawaii, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author:
Hawaii
1973
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A
X
AO PO
Comments:
Species ID: 170011
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:54:01 PM
P
REC
NEP
SF
HR
1454
O

Botryllus sp. (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009) Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal O
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B
O
Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1455
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Botryllus sp. A Lambert (CANOD, 2009)
Taxon: Tunicate
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Tunicata Superclass: Class: Ascidiacea
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Stolidobranchia Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Styelidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Botryllus sp. (Cohen and Carlton 1995) Convention
Botryllus sp. A (Cohen et al. 2002) Convention
Botryllus sp. A (Lambert) Convention
Type Locality: California, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Lambert
Hawaii
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
AO PO X
Comments:
Species ID: 3557
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:54:01 PM
NEP
1980
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
REC
SF
HR
1456
O

Botryllus sp. A Lambert (CANOD, 2009) Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR
X
CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1457
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Ciona intestinalis
Taxon: Tunicate
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Tunicata Superclass: Class: Ascidiacea
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Phlebobranchia Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Cionidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 1965s
Loc 1st record: Busan, Korea
Established: Yes
Taxonomic Author: (Linnaeus, 1767)
Ascidia canina Synonym
Ascidia intestinalis Synonym
Ciona canina Synonym
Ciona sociabilis Synonym
Type Locality:
Hawaii
1933
Honolulu Harbor, Hawaii
Yes
sea vase
smooth sea bottle
vase tunicate
yellow sea-squirt
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
Comments:
X
AO X PO
Species ID: 1153
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:54:01 PM
NEP
1897
San Diego Bay, CA
Yes
REC
SF
HR
1458
O

Ciona intestinalis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
X
TP RI-PH X X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 500m] [Pref: 4.5 - 8.5m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep O
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
O
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 33.63 - 89.8%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
O
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 12 - 40psu] [Pref: - 30psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper O
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P O
O P P
K
X
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O O O
O O
P P P
SynH
X
SA
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1459
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
H X G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
SeqH
IF FEE FCS
X
P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Ciona savignyi
Taxon: Tunicate
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Tunicata Superclass: Class: Ascidiacea
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Phlebobranchia Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Cionidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ciona intestinalis of NEP authors in part; not (Linnaeus, 176Partial synonym transparent tunicate
Type Locality: Japan
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 2004
Loc 1st record: Peter the Great Bay, Russia
Established: Yes
Taxonomic Author: Herdman, 1882
Hawaii
Species ID: 1154
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:54:01 PM
NEP
1903
Loring, Alaska
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X
AO PO
Comments: Ciona savignyi was introduced into the NEP from its native Japan (Abbott et al., 2007). However,
Zvyagintsev et al. (2007a) report it as introduced into Peter the Great Bay. This introduction into Peter the Great Bay
may be a range expansion within the Sea of Japan rather than a new introduction at the ecoregion scale.
1460

Ciona savignyi Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 6m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
O Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
X X
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 26 - 35psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
P O P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1461
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS
X
P
DD
RI X
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Cnemidocarpa irene
Taxon: Tunicate
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Tunicata Superclass: Class: Ascidiacea
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Stolidobranchia Suborder: Stolidobranchia Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Styelidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Cnemidocarpa areolata of NWP authors Misidentified
Cnemidocarpa hartogi Synonym
Cnemidocarpa irma Synonym
Cnemidocarpa legalli Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Hartmeyer, 1906)
Hawaii
1940
Honolulu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 122873
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:54:01 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: The native region of Cnemidocarpa irene is the Indo-West Pacific (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009), though, it
was classified as cryptogenic in Guam by Lambert (2002). We classify it as native in Southern Australia based on its
proximity to the native Indo-West Pacific populations.
1462
NEP

Cnemidocarpa irene Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 6 - 30m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR
X
CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O P
SynH
SA
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1463
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DD
RI
RI-PH
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
H X G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
SeqH
IF FEE FCS
X
P
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Corella minuta
Taxon: Tunicate
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Tunicata Superclass: Class: Ascidiacea
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Phlebobranchia Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Corellidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Corella japonica of authors Misidentified
Type Locality: Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Traustedt, 1882
Hawaii

Corella minuta Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
X TP RI-PH
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 48m] [Pref: - 14m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
Mixed Sediments
O
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
O P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1465
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS
X
P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Didemnum candidum Cmplx
Taxon: Tunicate
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Tunicata Superclass: Class: Ascidiacea
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Aplousobranchia Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Didemnidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Didemnum candidum of authors Ambiguous syn. white didemnid
Leptoclinum annectens Ambiguous syn.
Leptoclinum cretaceum Ambiguous syn.
Leptoclinum speciosum Ambiguous syn.
Type Locality: Red Sea
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 1996
Loc 1st record: Geojedo Island, Korea
Established: Yes
Taxonomic Author: Savignyi, 1816
Hawaii
1930
Pearl and Hermes Reefs, HI
Yes
Species ID: 4402
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:54:01 PM
NEP
2002
Isla Lobos, Mexico
Unknown
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Though the distribution of Didemnum candidum is confounded by the likely presence of several species,
Carlton and Eldredge (2009) state that it is "possibly of Eastern North Atlantic origin" and it is not in the list of
European invaders (Olenin and Didžiulis, 2009). We classify it as NIS in the Pacific based on an Atlantic origin.
1466

Didemnum candidum Cmplx Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X TP RI-PH X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 368m] [Pref: 0 - 64m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep O
P
P
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
O
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 26 - 46psu] [Pref: 30 - 36psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper O
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
O
O
P O P
SynH
SA
PP
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
H X G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
SeqH
IF FEE FCS
X
P
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1467
Supralittoral
DD
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
SP
SP

Didemnum perlucidum
Taxon: Tunicate
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Tunicata Superclass: Class: Ascidiacea
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Aplousobranchia Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Didemnidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: Guadeloupe
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Monniot, 1983
Hawaii
1999
Keehi Lagoon, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 123402
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:54:01 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: The native region of Didemnum perlucidum is unknown, though it is considered introduced in Hawaii
(Carlton and Eldredge, 2009), Guam (Lambert, 2002), and Pacific Panama (Carman et al., 2011).
NEP
1468
O

Didemnum perlucidum Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal O
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Consolidated
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
SR
X
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
CR
X
X
O/M
X
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P O
P P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1469
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
RI
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
SP
SP

Didemnum psammatode
Taxon: Tunicate
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Tunicata Superclass: Class: Ascidiacea
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Aplousobranchia Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Didemnidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Didemnum dorotubu Synonym chocolate tunicate
Didemnum siphoniatum Synonym
Didemnum skeati Synonym
Didemnum venosum Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Sluiter, 1895)
Hawaii
1998
Keehi Lagoon, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 100623
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:54:01 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Carlton and Eldredge (2009) list the Indo-Pacific as the native region for Didemnum psammatode and
suggest that it is introduced in the Atlantic. We consider the native region to be unknown and use regional
classifications when available; otherwise we list it as unclassified.
1470
NEP

Didemnum psammatode Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X X TP RI-PH X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 1m] [Pref: 0 - 1m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
P
O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1471
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Didemnum vexillum
Taxon: Tunicate
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Tunicata Superclass: Class: Ascidiacea
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Aplousobranchia Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Didemnidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Didemnum helgolandicum of NEA authors, in part Misidentified
Didemnum carnulentum of NEP authors in part Misidentified
Didemnum cf. lahillei Ambiguous syn.
Didemnum lahillei of NEA authors, in part Misidentified
Type Locality: Whangamata, New Zealand
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Kott, 2002
Hawaii
Species ID: 100771
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:54:01 PM
NEP
1997
Half-Moon Bay, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
AO PO X
Comments: The taxonomy of this non-native Didemnum has been confused, but we follow Lambert (2009) and assume
that Japan is the likely origin for Didemnum vexillum, though Kott (2004) considers it indigenous to New Zealand.
Hull or sea chest fouling seems like the most likely vectors.
1472

Didemnum vexillum Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
TP RI-PH X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 65m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
O
O
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 26 - 36psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P O
O P
K
Mixed Sediments
O
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O P
P P P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1473
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
DD
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
X
F
X
SP
SP

Diplosoma listerianum
Taxon: Tunicate
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Tunicata Superclass: Class: Ascidiacea
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Aplousobranchia Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Didemnidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Milne-Edwards, 1841)
Astellium spongiforme Synonym
Didemnum gelatinosum Synonym
Diplosoma atropunctatum Synonym
Diplosoma crystallinum Synonym
Type Locality: English Channel
Hawaii
1900
Honolulu, Hawaii
Yes
compound sea squirt
diplosoma tunicate
Species ID: 2391
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:54:01 PM
NEP
1917
San Diego Bay, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: The native range of Diplosoma listerianum is not known. We classify it as NIS or cryptogenic based on
regional classifications and unclassified elsewhere.
1474
O

Diplosoma listerianum Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X X TP RI-PH X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 80m] [Pref: 1 - 20m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 24 - 34psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P O
O O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P O
P O
P O P
SynH
SA
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1475
H X
SeqH
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
SP
SP

Ecteinascidia imperfecta
Taxon: Tunicate
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Tunicata Superclass: Class: Ascidiacea
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Phlebobranchia Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Perophoridae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecteinascidia remanea Synonym
Type Locality: Palau Island
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Tokioka, 1950
Hawaii
1979
Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A
X
AO PO
Comments:
Species ID: 170003
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:54:01 PM
P
REC
NEP
SF
HR
1476
O

Ecteinascidia imperfecta Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal O
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR
X
O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
P O
O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1477
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
RI
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
SP
SP

Eusynstyela hartmeyeri
Taxon: Tunicate
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Tunicata Superclass: Class: Ascidiacea
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Stolidobranchia Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Styelidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Cnemidocarpa hartmeyeri Synonym
Eusynstyela aliena Synonym
Michaelsenia tincta Synonym
Polyandrocarpa violacea Synonym
Type Locality: Indian Ocean and New Caladonia
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Michaelsen, 1904
Hawaii
1998
Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 15893
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:54:01 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
X
AO PO X
Comments: Eusynstyela hartmeyeri is native to the Indian Ocean, and has been introduced to Hawaii (Carlton and
Eldredge, 2009), Mediterranean (Shenkar and Loya, 2009), New Caledonia and Hong Kong (Monniot and Monniot,
2001).
1478
NEP

Eusynstyela hartmeyeri Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X TP RI-PH X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 5 - 20m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P O
O
P O P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1479
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
SP
SP

Halocynthia roretzi
Taxon: Tunicate
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Tunicata Superclass: Class: Ascidiacea
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Stolidobranchia Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Pyuridae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Cynthia roretzi Synonym sea pineapple
Tethyum roretzi Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Liaoning and Shandong, China
Established: Yes
Taxonomic Author: (Drasche, 1884)
Hawaii
Species ID: 100720
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:54:01 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X AO PO
Comments: The edible ascidian Halocynthia roretzi is native to Japan. It is cultured in Korea and Chavanich et al.
(2010) and Seo and Lee (2008) listed it as introduced into the Yellow Sea and Korea, respectively. However, it is not
clear whether it occurs naturally in the Yellow Sea, so we list this as a conflict.
1480
NEP

Halocynthia roretzi Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
O
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 6 - 30m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR
X
CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY
Brackish Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
SynH
SA
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1481
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DD
RI
RI-PH
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
H X G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
SeqH
IF FEE FCS
X
P
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Herdmania mauritiana
Taxon: Tunicate
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Tunicata Superclass: Class: Ascidiacea
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Stolidobranchia Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Pyuridae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Cynthia mauritiana Synonym
Herdmania insolita Ambiguous syn.
Type Locality: Mauritius
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Drasche, 1884)
Hawaii
1985
Keehi Lagoon, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 170007
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:54:01 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: Nishikawa (2002c) synonymized Herdmania insolita with H. mauritiana, though WoRMS and Lambert
(2003b) list it as a valid species. Lambert classified H. insolita as cryptogenic in Guam while Carlton and Eldredge
(2009) classified H. mauritiana as introduced in Hawaii and native in the Indo-Pacific.
1482
NEP

Herdmania mauritiana Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 7m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
O Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O P
SynH
SA
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1483
H X
SeqH
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Herdmania momus
Taxon: Tunicate
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Tunicata Superclass: Class: Ascidiacea
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Stolidobranchia Suborder: Stolidobranchia Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Pyuridae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Savigny, 1816)
Cynthia momus Synonym
Cynthia papietensis Synonym
Herdmania contorta Synonym
Herdmania momus curvata Convention
Type Locality: Red Sea
Herdman's sea
red throated ascidian
Hawaii
1930s
Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 15894
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:54:01 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR X A P
X
AO PO
Comments: The Herdmania momus reported in the Atlantic may be H. pallida. Thus, we classify it as cryptogenic in the
Atlantic at this time.
NEP
1484

Herdmania momus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
TP RI-PH X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 1 - 50m] [Pref: 10 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: - 40.5psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper O
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P O
K
Mixed Sediments
O
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1485
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Herdmania pallida
Taxon: Tunicate
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Tunicata Superclass: Class: Ascidiacea
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Stolidobranchia Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Pyuridae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Cynthia pallida in part Partial synonym
Herdmania sp. of Coles et al., 2002 Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Heller, 1878)
Hawaii
1972
Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 123403
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:54:01 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: According to Carlton and Eldredge (2009), Herdmania pallida is an Indo-Pacific species, though it has been
classified as NIS in southern India (Ali et al., 2009) and cryptogenic in Guam (Lambert, 2002). Assuming a general
Indo-Pacific origin, we classify H. pallida as NIS in the Atlantic.
1486
NEP

Herdmania pallida Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X X TP RI-PH X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 100m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
O O
O P
SynH
SA
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1487
H X
SeqH
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X X
X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Lissoclinum fragile
Taxon: Tunicate
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Tunicata Superclass: Class: Ascidiacea
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Aplousobranchia Suborder: Aplousobranchia Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Didemnidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Diplosoma fragile Synonym
Diplosomoides fragile Synonym
Diplpsoma (Lissoclinum) fragile Synonym
Type Locality: Bermuda
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Van Name, 1902)
Hawaii
1962
Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 170002
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:54:01 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: The native region of Lissoclinum fragile is unknown. We classify it according to regional classifications;
elsewhere we list it as unclassified.
NEP
1488

Lissoclinum fragile Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 35m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
X X
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O O
O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1489
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
RI X
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
SP
SP

Microcosmus exasperatus
Taxon: Tunicate
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Tunicata Superclass: Class: Ascidiacea
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Stolidobranchia Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Pyuridae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Microcosmus claudicans exasperatus Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Heller, 1878
Hawaii
1940
Honolulu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 15896
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:54:01 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: The native region of Microcosmus exasperatus is not known. We classify it according to regional
classifications; otherwise as unclassified.
NEP
HR
1490
O

Microcosmus exasperatus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X TP RI-PH X X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 41.8m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O O O
O
O P
SynH
SA
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1491
H X
SeqH
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Microcosmus squamiger
Taxon: Tunicate
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Tunicata Superclass: Class: Ascidiacea
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Stolidobranchia Suborder: Stolidobranchia Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Pyuridae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type):
Microcosmus exasperarus of NEP authors; not Heller, 1878 Misidentified
Common Names:
Microcosmus squmiger Misspelling
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Michaelsen, 1927
Hawaii
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A
X
AO PO
Comments:
Species ID: 2403
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:54:01 PM
NEP
1986
Alamitos Bay, California
Yes
P
REC
SF
HR
1492
O

Microcosmus squamiger Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
TP RI-PH X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 3.4 - 4m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 21 - 26%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
O
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
K
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P P
P O P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1493
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Molgula ficus
Taxon: Tunicate
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Tunicata Superclass: Class: Ascidiacea
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Stolidobranchia Suborder: Stolidobranchia Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Molgulidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ascopera nana Synonym
Caesira ficus Synonym
Caesira forbesi Synonym
Molgula forbesi Synonym
Type Locality: Shark Bay, Australia
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Macdonald, 1859)
Hawaii
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments:
Species ID: 11881
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:54:01 PM
NEP
1994
San Diego Bay, CA
Yes
REC
SF
HR
1494
O

Molgula ficus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 20m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
O Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
X
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
P
O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O O
P P O O
SynH
SA
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1495
H X
SeqH
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Molgula manhattensis
Taxon: Tunicate
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Tunicata Superclass: Class: Ascidiacea
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Stolidobranchia Suborder: Stolidobranchia Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Molgulidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 1972
Loc 1st record: Takehara, Japan
Established: Yes
Taxonomic Author: (De Kay, 1843)
Ascidia manhattensis Synonym
Caesira manhattensis Synonym
Caesira sordida Synonym
Gymnocystis manhattensis Synonym
Type Locality: Northeast United States
Hawaii
Manhattan-boya
sea grape tunicate
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
AO X PO
Comments:
Species ID: 1147
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:54:01 PM
NEP
1949
Tomales Bay, California
Yes
REC
SF
HR
1496
O

Molgula manhattensis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
X
TP RI-PH X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 90m] [Pref: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 16.33 - 69.67%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
O
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 10 - 35psu] [Pref: 27 - 30psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
O O P
K
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
O O P P
SynH
SA
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1497
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
H X G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
SeqH
IF FEE FCS
X
P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Perophora japonica
Taxon: Tunicate
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Tunicata Superclass: Class: Ascidiacea
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Phlebobranchia Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Perophoridae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: Japan
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Oka, 1927
Hawaii
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
AO PO X
Comments:
Species ID: 11879
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:54:01 PM
NEP
2003
Humboldt Bay, CA
Yes
REC
SF
HR
1498
O

Perophora japonica Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: - 1m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
X X
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O O
O O P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1499
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
RI
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
SP
SP

Phallusia nigra
Taxon: Tunicate
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Tunicata Superclass: Class: Ascidiacea
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Phlebobranchia Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Ascidiidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ascidia nigra Synonym black sea squirt
Phallusia (Ascidia) nigra Convention
Type Locality: Red Sea
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Savigny, 1816
Hawaii
1930s
Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 15898
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:54:01 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR X A P
X
AO PO
Comments: We follow Carlton and Eldredge (2009) and consider Phallusia nigra a Red Sea-Indian Ocean species. Ali
et al. (2009) classify it as introduced in southern India, which we list as a conflict.
NEP
1500

Phallusia nigra Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
X TP RI-PH X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 30m] [Pref: 0 - 7m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
K
Mixed Sediments
O
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
P
P O
SynH
SA
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1501
H X
SeqH
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Polyandrocarpa sagamiensis
Taxon: Tunicate
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Tunicata Superclass: Class: Ascidiacea
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Stolidobranchia Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Styelidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: Japan
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Tokioka, 1953
Hawaii

Polyandrocarpa sagamiensis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal O
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O P
SynH
SA
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1503
H X
SeqH
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
RI
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
SP
SP

Polyandrocarpa zorritensis
Taxon: Tunicate
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Tunicata Superclass: Class: Ascidiacea
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Stolidobranchia Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Styelidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Polyandrocarpa zooritensis Misspelling Kuro-mameitaboya
Stolonica zorritensis Synonym
Type Locality: Peru
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 1991
Loc 1st record: Usa, Tosa Bay, Japan
Established: Yes
Taxonomic Author: (Van Name, 1931)
Hawaii

Polyandrocarpa zorritensis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
TP RI-PH X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 1 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
K
Mixed Sediments
O
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O O
P O P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1505
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
X
X
F
X
SP
SP

Polyclinum constellatum
Taxon: Tunicate
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Tunicata Superclass: Class: Ascidiacea
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Aplousobranchia Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Polyclinidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Glossophorum sundaicum Synonym starred gelatinous tunicate
Polyclinum brasilense Synonym
Type Locality: Mauritius
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Savigny, 1816
Hawaii
1873
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 122876
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:54:01 PM
NEP
2000
Southern California
Unknown
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: The native range of Polyclinum constellatum is not known. We classify it using regional classifications and
as unclassified elsewhere. The record in the Chukchi Sea was from 1884 (see GBIF, OBIS), and is suspect.
1506

Polyclinum constellatum Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X TP RI-PH X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 68m] [Pref: 0 - 3m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 24 - 32psu] [Pref: - 32psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
O O O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
O
P O P
SynH
SA
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1507
H X
SeqH
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
SP
SP

Styela canopus
Taxon: Tunicate
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Tunicata Superclass: Class: Ascidiacea
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Stolidobranchia Suborder: Stolidobranchia Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Styelidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ascidia rugosa Synonym rough sea tunicate
Cynthia canopoides Synonym
Cynthia canopus Synonym
Styela bicolor Synonym
Type Locality: Red Sea
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Yellow Sea
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Savigny, 1816)
Hawaii
1940
Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 2400
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:54:01 PM
NEP
1972
San Diego Bay, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
AO PO X
Comments: Based on Abbott et al. (2007), Carlton and Eldredge (2009) and Pollard and Pethebridge (2002a) we
classify Styela canopus as native in Asia, Australia, and Central Indo-Pacific except for the Yellow Sea and Guam
where it is considered introduced by UNDP/GEF (2007) and Lambert (2002), respectively.
1508

Styela canopus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X TP RI-PH X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 80m] [Pref: 0 - 27m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 20 - 43psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine O Hyper O
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O O
O P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O P
O
P P P
SynH
SA
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1509
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
H X G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
SeqH
IF FEE FCS
X
P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Styela clava
Taxon: Tunicate
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Tunicata Superclass: Class: Ascidiacea
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Stolidobranchia Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Styelidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Herdman, 1881
Bostryorchis clava Synonym
Styela barnharti of Van Name, 1945; not of Ritter and ForsytAmbiguous syn.
Styela clava clava Convention
Styela mammiculata Synonym
Type Locality:
Hawaii
Asian sea-squirt
club tunicate
leathery sea-squirt
rough sea squirt
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
AO PO X
Comments:
Species ID: 1155
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:54:01 PM
NEP
1932
Newport Bay, California
Yes
REC
SF
HR
1510
O

Styela clava Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 25m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
O Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
X X
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 18 - 37psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O O
O O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
P
P P P P
SynH
X
SA
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1511
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DD
RI X
RI-PH
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
H X G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
SeqH
IF FEE FCS
X
P
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Styela plicata
Taxon: Tunicate
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Tunicata Superclass: Class: Ascidiacea
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Stolidobranchia Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Styelidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ascidia plicata Lesueur, 1823 Synonym
Styela barnharti Ambiguous syn.
Styela gyrosa Synonym
Tethyum plicata Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Lesueur, 1823)
Hawaii
Species ID: 2399
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:54:01 PM
NEP
1915
San Diego Bay, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P X
X
AO PO X
Comments: Based on the genetic analysis by Barros et al. (2009), we classify the northwestern Pacific as the native
region for Styela plicata. We note, however, that Chavanich et al. (2010) list it as introduced into the East China Sea
and South China Ecoregions and USGS-NAS lists it as native in the Gulf of Mexico.
1512

Styela plicata Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
TP RI-PH X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 30m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
O Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE [Obs % Fines: 7 - 7%] X
Sand Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble Mixed Sediments
O
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 22 - 34psu] [Pref: 30 - psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
O P
K
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P P
P P O P
SynH
SA
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1513
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
H X G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
SeqH
IF FEE FCS P
X
X
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Symplegma brakenhielmi
Taxon: Tunicate
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Tunicata Superclass: Class: Ascidiacea
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Stolidobranchia Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Styelidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Diandrocarpa brakenhielmi Synonym
Gynandrocarpa quadricornulis Synonym
Gynandrocarpa similis Synonym
Type Locality: Veracruz, Gulf of Mexico.
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Michaelsen, 1904)
Hawaii
1967
Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 3340
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:54:01 PM
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: The type locality for Symplegma brakenhielmi is the Gulf of Mexico, though Carlton and Eldredge (2009)
list it as an Indo-Pacific species. Additionally S. brakenhielmi has been confused with S. viride and S. reptans. Because
of this uncertainty, we use regional classification where available and list it as unclassified elsewhere.
1514
NEP

Symplegma brakenhielmi Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 33m] [Pref: 0 - 3m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
P Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Consolidated
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
SR
X
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
CR
X
X
O/M
X
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O P
O O
P P O P
SynH
SA
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1515
H X
SeqH
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
RI X
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
SP
SP

Symplegma reptans
Taxon: Tunicate
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Tunicata Superclass: Class: Ascidiacea
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Stolidobranchia Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Styelidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Symplegma brakenhielmi of Lambert and Lambert, 1998 Misidentified
Synstyela reptans Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Oka, 1927)
Hawaii
1996
Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A
X
AO PO
Comments:
Species ID: 2402
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:54:01 PM
NEP
1991
Long Beach Harbor, CA
Yes
P
REC
SF
HR
1516
O

Symplegma reptans Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: - 1m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
X X
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 22.1 - 36.2psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P O
O P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
P
P P P P
SynH
SA
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1517
H X
SeqH
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
RI
RI-PH
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X Epibiotic X
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X X
F
X
SP
SP

Symplegma sp. (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009)
Taxon: Tunicate
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Tunicata Superclass: Class: Ascidiacea
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Stolidobranchia Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Styelidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: Hawaii, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author:
Hawaii
1998
Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A
X
AO PO
Comments:
Species ID: 170013
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:54:01 PM
P
REC
NEP
SF
HR
1518
O

Symplegma sp. (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009) Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
SynH
Sand
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X Asexual X
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA VP
IF FEE FCS P
X
DD
RI
RI-PH
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O O
1519
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
F
X
SP
SP

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Class: Actinopterygii
1520

1521
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Abudefduf vaigiensis
Taxon: Ray-finned fish
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata Superclass: Pisces Class: Actinopterygii
Subclass: Neopterygii Infraclass: Teleostei Superorder: Acanthopterygii
Order: Perciformes Suborder: Labroidei Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Pomacentridae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Abudefduf caudobimaculatus Synonym
Abudefduf quinquilineatus Synonym
Chaetodon tyrwhitti Synonym
Glyphisodon quadrifasciatus Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825)
Hawaii
1991
Maui, Hawaii
Unknown
Indo-Pacific sergeant
yellowback sergeant
VECTORS
SH MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A
AO PO
X
Comments:
Species ID: 15911
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:51:38 PM
X
P
REC
NEP
SF
HR
1522
O
X

Abudefduf vaigiensis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
P
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 1 - 15m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
X X
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY
Brackish Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1523
H
Supralittoral
H
X
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE
X
FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic X Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM X SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP
X
EPS EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP

Acanthogobius flavimanus
Taxon: Ray-finned fish
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata Superclass: Pisces Class: Actinopterygii
Subclass: Neopterygii Infraclass: Teleostei Superorder: Acanthopterygii
Order: Perciformes Suborder: Gobioidei Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Gobiidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Aboma snyderi Synonym
Gobius flavimanus Synonym
Gobius stigmothonus Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Temminck & Schlegel, 1845)
Hawaii
Japanese river goby
mahaze
yellowfin goby
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
Comments:
X
AO PO
Species ID: 1563
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:51:38 PM
NEP
1963
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
REC
SF
HR
1524
O

Acanthogobius flavimanus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
TP RI-PH
X
X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
P
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
P
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 14m] [Pref: 1 - 14m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
O Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel
O
Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
P
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 40psu] [Pref: 5 - psu]
Fresh P Brackish P Marine O Hyper O
Oligohaline P Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O O
P P O O O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1525
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE
X
FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM X SUR X UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
X
X
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Acanthorhodeus macropterus
Taxon: Ray-finned fish
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata Superclass: Pisces Class: Actinopterygii
Subclass: Neopterygii Infraclass: Teleostei Superorder: Ostariophysi
Order: Cypriniformes Suborder: Cypriniformes Infraorder:
Superfamily: Cyprinoidea Family: Cyprinidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 2001
Loc 1st record: Lake Kasumigaura, Japan
Established: Yes
Taxonomic Author: Bleeker, 1871
Acanthorhodeus jeholicus Synonym
Acanthorhodeus ngowyangi Synonym
Acheilognathus dicaeus Synonym
Acheliognathus macropterus Synonym
Type Locality:
Hawaii
Chinese bitterling
deep body bitterling
Species ID: 220128
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:51:38 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF X ID RE AP X REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
AO PO X
X
Comments: Acanthorhodeus macropterus (= Acheilognathus macropterus) is a freshwater fish that has some tolerance
to low salinities. It reproduces by the female depositing eggs inside freshwater mussels. Mito and Uesugi (2004) list it
as introduced into Japan.
1526
NEP

Acanthorhodeus macropterus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: - 4m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
P
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
P
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - psu] [Pref: 0 - psu]
Fresh P Brackish O
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta
O
Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1527
H
Supralittoral
H
X
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE
X
FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM X SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP
X
EPS EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP

Acipenser gueldenstaedtii
Taxon: Ray-finned fish
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata Superclass: Pisces Class: Actinopterygii
Subclass: Chondrostei Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Acipenseriformes Suborder: Acipenseroidei Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Acipenseridae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Acipenser gueldenstaedtii colchica Synonym Russian sturgeon
Acipenser gueldenstaedtii gueldenstaedtii Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: 1975
Loc 1st record: China
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Brandt & Ratzeburg, 1833
Hawaii
Species ID: 15914
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:51:38 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X AO PO
Comments: The anadromous Russian sturgeon, Acipenser gueldenstaedtii, is considered endangered by the IUCN. It
has been introduced into Japan and China, and is considered "probably established" in China according to FishBase. A.
gueldenstaedtii has been observed to hybridize with A. naccarii, A. baerii, and A. ruthenus.
1528
NEP

Acipenser gueldenstaedtii Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
TP RI-PH X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
P
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
P
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 2 - 130m] [Pref: 2 - 40m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
P
P
Rivers
P
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - psu] [Pref: 0 - psu]
Fresh P Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline P Mesohaline P Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
P P P P P P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1529
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE
X
FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM X SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP

Acipenser nudiventris
Taxon: Ray-finned fish
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata Superclass: Pisces Class: Actinopterygii
Subclass: Chondrostei Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Acipenseriformes Suborder: Acipenseroidei Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Acipenseridae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Acipenser glaber Synonym fringebarbel sturgeon
ship sturgeon
spiny sturgeon
thorn sturgeon
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 1933
Loc 1st record: Ili River, China
Established: Yes
Taxonomic Author: Lovetsky, 1828
Hawaii
Species ID: 100675
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:51:38 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X AO PO
Comments: The anadromous sturgeon Acipenser nudiventris is native to the Ponto-Caspian region. It has been
introduced into the Ili River in China (Chavanich et al., 2010), which flows into Lake Balkhash. Additionally, Seo and
Lee (2008) list it as introduced into Korea, which we interpret as the Yellow Sea.
1530
NEP

Acipenser nudiventris Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
P
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 11 - 60m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
P
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
P
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - psu] [Pref: 0 - psu]
Fresh P Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline P Mesohaline P Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
P P P P P P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1531
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE
X
FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM X SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS
X
EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP

Acipenser sinensis
Taxon: Ray-finned fish
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata Superclass: Pisces Class: Actinopterygii
Subclass: Chondrostei Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Acipenseriformes Suborder: Acipenseroidei Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Acipenseridae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Acipenser kikuchii Synonym Chinese sturgeon
Sagami sturgeon
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: 1965
Loc 1st record: Japan
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Gray, 1835
Hawaii
Species ID: 100757
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:51:38 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X AO PO
Comments: Historically, the anadromous Acipenser sinensis was native to China, SW Korea, and western Kyushu,
Japan. According to the IUCN, it is currently restricted to "the mid-lower section of the Yangtze River". Iwasaki (2006)
lists it as introduced into Japan, resulting in a conflict of native and introduced populations in western Japan.
1532
NEP

Acipenser sinensis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
TP RI-PH X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
O
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
O
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 3 - 140m] [Pref: 3 - 40m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
P
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel
P
Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
P
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 35psu] [Pref: 0 - 35psu]
Fresh P Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline P Mesohaline P Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
P P P P P P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1533
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE
X
FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM X SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS
X
EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP

Acipenser sturio
Taxon: Ray-finned fish
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata Superclass: Pisces Class: Actinopterygii
Subclass: Chondrostei Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Acipenseriformes Suborder: Acipenseroidei Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Acipenseridae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: 1975
Loc 1st record: Japan
Established: Unknown
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Linnaeus, 1758
Accipenser attilus Synonym
Accipenser sturio Synonym
Acipenser attilus Synonym
Acipenser ducissae Synonym
Type Locality:
Hawaii
Atlantic sturgeon
Baltic sturgeon
common sturgeon
European sturgeon
Species ID: 100754
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:51:38 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X AO PO
Comments: Acipenser sturio is native to Europe. The records from the East coast of the U.S. are from 1822 and 1955
and need to be validated. Iwasaki (2006) listed A. sturio as introduced into Japan in 1975 with an unknown population
status, and we are unaware of specific locations where it was introduced.
1534
NEP

Acipenser sturio Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
P
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
O
Sand
O
DEPTH [Obs: 4 - 93m] [Pref: 5 - 60m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
P
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel
P
Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
P
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 35psu] [Pref: 0 - 35psu]
Fresh P Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline P Mesohaline P Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
P P P P P P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1535
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE
X
FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM X SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS
X
EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP

Alosa sapidissima
Taxon: Ray-finned fish
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata Superclass: Pisces Class: Actinopterygii
Subclass: Neopterygii Infraclass: Teleostei Superorder: Clupeomorpha
Order: Clupeiformes Suborder: Clupeoidei Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Clupeidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Kamchatka, Russia
Established: Yes
Taxonomic Author: (Wilson, 1811)
Alosa praestabilis Synonym
Clupea indigena Synonym
Clupea sapidissima Synonym
Type Locality:
Hawaii
American shad
common shad
herring jack
white shad
Species ID: 1564
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:51:38 PM
NEP
1871
Sacramento River, California
Yes
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
X AO PO
Comments: According to Mecklenburg et al. (2002), Alosa sapidissima was "Introduced to Pacific coasts via
Sacramento River, California in 1871-1881, and spread north to Kamchatka and Bering Sea and south to Baja,
California." In Alaska, A. sapidissima is a "Summer migrant from spwaning areas to the south" (Ruiz et al., 2006).
1536

Alosa sapidissima Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
O
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
P
Shelf
P
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
P
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 375m] [Pref: - 100m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
Bathyal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
P
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
O
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
O
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel
P
Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
P
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 32psu] [Pref: 0 - 32psu]
Fresh P Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline P Mesohaline P Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P P
P P P P P P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1537
H
Supralittoral
H
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE
X
FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
Pelagic X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Benthic Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP EPS EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP
X

Ameiurus melas
Taxon: Ray-finned fish
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata Superclass: Pisces Class: Actinopterygii
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Siluriformes Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Ictaluridae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ictalurus melas Synonym black bullhead
Silurus melas Synonym
Type Locality: Ohio River, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Rafinesque, 1820)
Hawaii
Species ID: 1566
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:51:38 PM
NEP
1874
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X AO PO X
Comments: Ameiurus melas is freshwater species but can survive salinities up to about 13 psu. Its original range was
the streams and rivers of the eastern and southern United States and Mexico. It has invaded the NEP, Mediterranean,
NWA, and NEA including the Guadalquivir Estuary in Spain (Garcia-de-Lomas et al., 2009).
1538

Ameiurus melas Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
O
Sand
O
DEPTH [Obs: 10 - m] [Pref: 10 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
P
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
P
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 13.8psu] [Pref: 0 - 0psu]
Fresh P Brackish O
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline O Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O O O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1539
H
Supralittoral
H
X
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE
X
FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM X SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS
X
EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP

Anguilla anguilla
Taxon: Ray-finned fish
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata Superclass: Pisces Class: Actinopterygii
Subclass: Neopterygii Infraclass: Teleostei Superorder: Elopomorpha
Order: Anguilliformes Suborder: Anguilloidei Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Anguillidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Linnaeus, 1758)
Angill angill Synonym
Anguilla acutirostris Synonym
Anguilla aegyptiaca Synonym
Anguilla altirostris Synonym
Type Locality:
Hawaii
common eel
European eel
freshwater eel
river eel
Species ID: 3399
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:51:38 PM
NEP
1969
San Francisco Estuary, CA
No
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P X
X
X AO PO X
Comments: Anguilla anguilla is native to Europe, but migrates to the Sargasso Sea to spawn. As such, records from the
NWA do not represent breeding populations and are classified as transient. It has been stocked in China and Japan and
is established at least in Japan. It has been found but did not become established in the NEP.
1540

Anguilla anguilla Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
TP RI-PH X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
P
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
O
Shelf
P
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 700m] [Pref: 1 - 600m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep P
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
P
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines
O
Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
P
Lakes
P
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 36psu] [Pref: 0 - 36psu]
Fresh P Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline P Mesohaline P Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P P
P P P P P P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1541
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE
X
FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM X SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS
X
EPU EPC X
F
VP
SP
SP
X

Anguilla australis
Taxon: Ray-finned fish
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata Superclass: Pisces Class: Actinopterygii
Subclass: Neopterygii Infraclass: Teleostei Superorder: Elopomorpha
Order: Anguilliformes Suborder: Anguilloidei Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Anguillidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Anguilla australis australis Convention shortfin eel
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: 1975
Loc 1st record: Japan
Established: Unknown
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Richardson, 1841
Hawaii
Species ID: 11236
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:51:38 PM
NEP
1978
Los Angeles River, CA
No
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P X
X AO PO X
Comments: Anguilla australis is a catadromous, benthopelagic eel native to Australia and New Zealand. It was
introduced into the NEP but did not become established. The FAO states that it is "probably established" in Japan.
However, FishBase states that the A. australis introduced into Japan and China are not established and unknown,
respectively.
1542

Anguilla australis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
O
Shelf
O
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
O
Sand
O
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
O
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
P
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
P
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 36psu] [Pref: 0 - 36psu]
Fresh P Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline P Mesohaline P Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P P
P P P P P P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1543
H
Supralittoral
H
X
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM X SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP
X
EPS EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP
X

Anguilla marmorata
Taxon: Ray-finned fish
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata Superclass: Pisces Class: Actinopterygii
Subclass: Neopterygii Infraclass: Teleostei Superorder: Elopomorpha
Order: Anguilliformes Suborder: Anguilloidei Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Anguillidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
giant mottled eel
marbled eel
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Quoy & Gaimard, 1824
Hawaii
2002
Maui, Hawaii
Unknown
Species ID: 223974
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:51:38 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P X
X AO PO X
Comments: A specimen of the catadromous eel Anguilla marmorata was found in a stream in Maui, Hawaii in 2002.
According to James and Suzumoto (2006), “it is unlikely that this individual found on Maui arrived without human
intervention.”
1544
NEP

Anguilla marmorata Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
P
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
O
Sand
O
DEPTH [Obs: 1 - 400m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
O
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
O
O
Rivers
P
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
O
Lakes
O
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - psu] [Pref: 0 - 36psu]
Fresh P Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline P Mesohaline P Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P P
P P P P P P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1545
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM X SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS
X
EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP

Anguilla rostrata
Taxon: Ray-finned fish
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata Superclass: Pisces Class: Actinopterygii
Subclass: Neopterygii Infraclass: Teleostei Superorder: Elopomorpha
Order: Anguilliformes Suborder: Anguilloidei Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Anguillidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
American eel
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 1998
Loc 1st record: Uono River, Japan
Established: Yes
Taxonomic Author: (Lesueur, 1817)
Hawaii
Species ID: 3400
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:51:38 PM
NEP
1873
San Francisco Estuary, CA
No
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P X
X AO PO X
Comments: The NWA eel Anguilla rostrata was introduced into the NEP but did not become established. It was
introduced into Japan in 1971-1972 (FishBase) and was captured in the wild in the Uono River, Japan (Miyai et al.,
2004) and Taiwan (Han et al., 2002) in the 1990s.
1546

Anguilla rostrata Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
P
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
P
Sand
O
DEPTH [Obs: 1 - 464m] [Pref: 1 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
P
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines
O
Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
P
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
O
Lakes
P
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - psu] [Pref: 0 - 36psu]
Fresh P Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline P Mesohaline P Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P P
P P P P P P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1547
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM X SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS
X
EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP

Centropyge flavissima
Taxon: Ray-finned fish
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata Superclass: Pisces Class: Actinopterygii
Subclass: Neopterygii Infraclass: Teleostei Superorder: Acanthopterygii
Order: Perciformes Suborder: Percoidei Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Pomacanthidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Cuvier, 1831)
Centropyge flavissimus Synonym
Holacanthus flavissimus Synonym
Type Locality:
Hawaii
1990
Oahu, Hawaii
Unknown
Lemon peel fish
lemonpeel angelfish
Species ID: 122877
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:51:38 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF ID RE AP X REC SF
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
AO PO
X
Comments: The establishment of Centropyge flavissima in Hawaii is uncertain (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009).
NEP
HR
1548
O

Centropyge flavissima Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
TP RI-PH X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
P
DEPTH [Obs: 3 - 50m] [Pref: 3 - 50m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
P
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
O
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C
P
O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1549
H
Supralittoral
H
X
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE
X
FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM X SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP
X
EPS EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP

Cephalopholis argus
Taxon: Ray-finned fish
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata Superclass: Pisces Class: Actinopterygii
Subclass: Neopterygii Infraclass: Teleostei Superorder: Acanthopterygii
Order: Perciformes Suborder: Percoidei Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Serranidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Bloch & Schneider, 1801
Cephalopholis guttata Synonym
Cephalopholis guttatus Misspelling
Epinephelus argus Synonym
Type Locality:
Hawaii
1956
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
bluespotted grouper
peacoack rockcod
peacock groper
peacock hind
Species ID: 122878
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:51:38 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X AO PO
Comments: “In 1956 bluespotted grouper...was intentionally released from the livewell of the vessel Hugh M. Smith
that had transported the fish from Moorea in the Society Islands. … establishment was thought to have occurred by
1958 (Randall, 1987).” (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009).
1550
NEP

Cephalopholis argus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
O
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 1 - 40m] [Pref: 1 - 10m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
X
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR O/M
X X
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY
Brackish Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C
P
O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1551
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
DD
RI X
RI-PH
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
H X G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
SeqH
IF FEE FCS P
X
X
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM X SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP
X
EPS EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP

Chrysiptera taupou
Taxon: Ray-finned fish
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata Superclass: Pisces Class: Actinopterygii
Subclass: Neopterygii Infraclass: Teleostei Superorder: Acanthopterygii
Order: Perciformes Suborder: Labroidei Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Pomacentridae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Fiji blue devil damselfish
southseas devil
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Jordan & Seale, 1906
Hawaii
2002
Haunama Bay, Hawaii
Unknown
Species ID: 170126
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:51:38 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF ID RE AP X REC SF
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
AO PO
X
Comments: The establishment of Chrysiptera taupou in Hawaii is uncertain (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009).
NEP
HR
1552
O

Chrysiptera taupou Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 10m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated X
SR CR
X
O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C
P
O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1553
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM X SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP
X
EPS EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP

Clarias batrachus
Taxon: Ray-finned fish
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata Superclass: Pisces Class: Actinopterygii
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Siluriformes Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Clariidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Japan
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Linnaeus, 1758)
Clarias assamensis Synonym
Clarias betrachus Misspelling
Clarias punctatus Synonym
Macropteronotus magur not Hamilton, 1822 Misidentified
Type Locality: Java, Indonesia
Hawaii
clarias catfish
magur
Thai hito
walking catfish
Species ID: 100639
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:51:38 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF X ID RE AP X REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P X
X X AO PO
X
Comments: Species reported as Clarias batrachus represent a species complex, and C. batrachus is definitively known
only from rivers drainages in Java (Ng and Kottelat, 2008). According to FishBase, C. batrachus (or one of the related
species?) has invaded Japan, China, Taiwan, Guam, Papua New Guinea, and the Philippines.
1554
NEP

Clarias batrachus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
P
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0.5 - m] [Pref: 0.5 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
P
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Lakes
P
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 18psu] [Pref: 0 - 10psu]
Fresh P Brackish P
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline P Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
P P P O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA
P
MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1555
H
Supralittoral
H
X
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE
X
FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM X SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS
X
EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP

Cynoscion nebulosus
Taxon: Ray-finned fish
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata Superclass: Pisces Class: Actinopterygii
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Perciformes Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Sciaenidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: 1991
Loc 1st record: China
Established: Unknown
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Cuvier, 1830)
Cynosion nebulosus Misspelling
Otolithus carolinensis Synonym
Otolithus nebulosus Synonym
Type Locality:
Hawaii
speckled seatrout
speckled trout (Cynoscion nebulosus)
spotted seatrout
spotted trout
Species ID: 101261
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:51:38 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X AO PO
Comments: The spotted weakfish, Cynoscion nebulosus is reported by Wang (2008) to have been introduced into China
for aquaculture, though no specific sites are given.
NEP
1556

Cynoscion nebulosus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
O
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X X
X X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
P
Shelf
MAN
X
DEPTH [Obs: 3 - 50m] [Pref: 3 - 10m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 37psu] [Pref: 15 - 35psu]
Fresh O Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline P Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P O
O O O P P P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA
P
MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1557
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE
X
FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM X SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS
X
EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP

Cyprinus carpio
Taxon: Ray-finned fish
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata Superclass: Pisces Class: Actinopterygii
Subclass: Neopterygii Infraclass: Teleostei Superorder: Ostariophysi
Order: Cypriniformes Suborder: Cypriniformes Infraorder:
Superfamily: Cyprinoidea Family: Cyprinidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: 1905
Loc 1st record: Japan
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Linnaeus, 1758
Cyprinus carpio carpio Convention
Cyprinus carpio haematopterus Convention
Cyprinus haematopterus Synonym
Type Locality:
1870
Hawaii
Yes
Hawaii
common carp
European carp
koi
leather carp
Species ID: 1570
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:51:38 PM
NEP
1872
Sonoma, California
Yes
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X AO PO
Comments: Cyprinus carpio is one of the most widely distributed invasive species. It is native to rivers in temperate
Eurasia, specifically the Black, Caspian and Aral Sea basins. While primarily freshwater, it can occur in estuaries with
eggs tolerant of salinities up to 4.5 psu.
1558

Cyprinus carpio Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
P
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
P
Sand
P
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
P
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
P
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 14psu] [Pref: 0 - 4.5psu]
Fresh P Brackish P
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline P Mesohaline O Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
P P O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
O
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1559
H
Supralittoral
H
X
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE
X
FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM X SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP
X
EPS EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP
X

Dorosoma petenense
Taxon: Ray-finned fish
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata Superclass: Pisces Class: Actinopterygii
Subclass: Neopterygii Infraclass: Teleostei Superorder: Clupeomorpha
Order: Clupeiformes Suborder: Clupeoidei Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Clupeidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Chatoessus mexicanus Synonym threadfin shad
Meletta petenensis Synonym
Signalosa atchafalayae Synonym
Signalosa petenensis atchafaylae Synonym
Type Locality: Lake Petén, Guatemala
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Günther, 1867)
Hawaii
1958
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 1571
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:51:38 PM
NEP
1953
San Diego County, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P X
X AO PO
Comments: Dorosoma petenense occur mainly in freshwater streams and reservoirs, but adults are found in
brackish/marine waters with salinities up to 32.3 psu. Adults spawn in freshwater (FishBase). Its native distribution is
the Mississippi River and Gulf slope drainages from Florida to Central America.
1560

Dorosoma petenense Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
P
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 15m] [Pref: - 15m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
Bathyal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
P
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Lakes
P
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 32.3psu] [Pref: 0 - 0psu]
Fresh P Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
O O O O O O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1561
H
Supralittoral
H
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
X
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE
X
FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
Pelagic X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Benthic Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP EPS EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP
X

Favonigobius sp. (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009)
Taxon: Ray-finned fish
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata Superclass: Pisces Class: Actinopterygii
Subclass: Neopterygii Infraclass: Teleostei Superorder: Acanthopterygii
Order: Perciformes Suborder: Gobioidei Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Gobiidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: Hawaii, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Greenfield & Randall, 2004
Hawaii
1990
Oahu, Hawaii
Unknown
Species ID: 101888
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:51:38 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
Comments: This unidentified Favonigobius was found on the island of Oahu, Hawaii in 1990, but it has not been found
since (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009). It may be an Australasian species.
NEP
1562

Favonigobius sp. (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009) Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY
Brackish Marine Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1563
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM X SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS
X
EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP

Fundulus diaphanus
Taxon: Ray-finned fish
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata Superclass: Pisces Class: Actinopterygii
Subclass: Neopterygii Infraclass: Teleostei Superorder: Acanthopterygii
Order: Cyprinodontiformes Suborder: Cyprinodontoidei Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Fundulidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Lesueur, 1817)
Fundulus diaphanus diaphanus Convention
Fundulus multifaciatus Synonym
Hydrargira diaphana Synonym
Type Locality:
Hawaii
banded killifish
Eastern banded killifish
Western banded killifish
Species ID: 3874
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:51:38 PM
NEP
1971
Columbia River, WA
Yes
VECTORS
SH MS AF X ID RE AP X REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P X
X AO PO
X
Comments: The benthopelagic Fundulus diaphanus is native to Atlantic slope drainages in North America, and has
invaded the Columbia River. It prefers freshwater habitat, but it is a salinity tolerant (euryhaline) species.
1564
O

Fundulus diaphanus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
P
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
X X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
O
Sand
P
Shelf
MAN
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 1m] [Pref: 1 - 1m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
P
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
P
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 10psu] [Pref: 0 - 10psu]
Fresh P Brackish P
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline P Mesohaline P Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
P P P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1565
H
Supralittoral
H
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE
X
FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic X Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM X SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP
X
EPS EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP
X

Gambusia affinis
Taxon: Ray-finned fish
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata Superclass: Pisces Class: Actinopterygii
Subclass: Neopterygii Infraclass: Teleostei Superorder: Acanthopterygii
Order: Cyprinodontiformes Suborder: Cyprinodontoidei Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Poeciliidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Baird & Girard, 1853)
Fundulus inurus Synonym
Gambusia affinis affinis Convention
Gambusia gracilis Synonym
Gambusia humilis Synonym
Type Locality:
Hawaii
1905
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Kadayashi (Japanese)
Kadayasi (Japanese)
live-bearing tooth-carp
mosquitofish
Species ID: 1572
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:51:38 PM
1922
California
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
X AO PO
Comments: The benthopelagic Gambusia affinis is native to the Mississippi River basin and now has a nearly panglobal
distribution. It generally inhabits freshwater, but is also found in brackish environments, and in Hawaii is found
at salinities as high as 40 psu. It was frequently introduced for mosquito control.
1566
NEP

Gambusia affinis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
O
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
X X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
O
Sand
O
Shelf
MAN
DEPTH [Obs: 0.9 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
P
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
P
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 40psu] [Pref: 0 - psu]
Fresh P Brackish O Marine O Hyper O
Oligohaline O Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O O
O O O O O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
O
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA
P
MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1567
H
Supralittoral
H
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic X Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM X SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP
X
EPS EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP
X

Herklotsichthys quadrimaculatus
Taxon: Ray-finned fish
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata Superclass: Pisces Class: Actinopterygii
Subclass: Neopterygii Infraclass: Teleostei Superorder: Clupeomorpha
Order: Clupeiformes Suborder: Clupeoidei Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Clupeidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Rüppell, 1837)
Alausa schrammii Synonym
Clupea dubia Synonym
Clupea quadrimaculata Synonym
Herklotsichthys punctatus of Hawaiian authors; not (RüppellMisidentified
Type Locality:
Hawaii
1972
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
bluestripe herring
fourspot herring
gold spot herring
gold spot sardine
Species ID: 122879
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:51:38 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF ID RE AP REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P X
AO PO
Comments: Herklotsichthys quadrimaculatus was introduced into Hawaii when individuals from the Marshall Islands
used for tuna bait were released (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009).
NEP
1568
O

Herklotsichthys quadrimaculatus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X X TP RI-PH X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
P
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
P
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 1 - 13m] [Pref: 1 - 13m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
Bathyal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: - 35psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1569
H
Supralittoral
H
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE
X
FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
Pelagic X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Benthic Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP EPS EPU EPC
F
X
VP
SP
SP
X

Hypomesus nipponensis
Taxon: Ray-finned fish
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata Superclass: Pisces Class: Actinopterygii
Subclass: Neopterygii Infraclass: Teleostei Superorder: Protacanthopterygii
Order: Osmeriformes Suborder: Osmeroidei Infraorder:
Superfamily: Osmeroidea Family: Osmeridae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Hypomesus transpacificus nipponensis Synonym freshwater smelt
Japanese pond smelt
Japanese smelt
wakasagi
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: McAllister, 1963
Hawaii
Species ID: 3393
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:51:38 PM
1959
California
Yes
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A
X AO PO
Comments:
P
REC
X
NEP
SF
HR
1570
O

Hypomesus nipponensis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
P
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
P
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
P
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 26.8psu] [Pref: 0 - psu]
Fresh P Brackish O
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O O O O O O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1571
H
Supralittoral
H
X
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE
X
FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
Pelagic X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Benthic Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP EPS EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP
X

Ictalurus furcatus
Taxon: Ray-finned fish
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata Superclass: Pisces Class: Actinopterygii
Subclass: Neopterygii Infraclass: Teleostei Superorder: Ostariophysi
Order: Siluriformes Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Ictaluridae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ictalurus meridionalis Synonym blue catfish
Pimelodus furcatus Synonym
Type Locality: New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: 1980
Loc 1st record: China
Established: Unknown
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Valenciennes, 1840)
Hawaii
Species ID: 1573
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:51:38 PM
NEP
1969
San Diego County, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X AO PO
Comments: Ictalurus furcatus primarily inhabits larger rivers and streams though it is occasionally found in brackish
waters. It was intentionally introduced into China in the 1980s for aquaculture (Ma et al., 2003) though no specific
locations were identified.
1572

Ictalurus furcatus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
O
Sand
P
DEPTH [Obs: 3.7 - 50m] [Pref: - 50m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
P
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
O
P
Rivers
P
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Lakes
O
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 15psu] [Pref: 0 - 3.7psu]
Fresh P Brackish P
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline P Mesohaline O Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
P P O O
K
Mixed Sediments
P
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1573
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM X SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS
X
EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Ictalurus punctatus
Taxon: Ray-finned fish
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata Superclass: Pisces Class: Actinopterygii
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Siluriformes Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Ictaluridae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 1971
Loc 1st record: Japan - inland
Established: Yes
Taxonomic Author: (Rafinesque, 1818)
Ictalurus anguilla Synonym
Silurus punctatus Synonym
Type Locality: Ohio River, USA
1953
Hawaii
Yes
Hawaii
channel catfish
spotted catfish
Species ID: 1574
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:51:38 PM
1891
California
Yes
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X AO PO X
Comments: Ictalurus punctatus is a freshwater fish though it occasionally inhabits brackish waters. It is native to the
central drainages of the United States. It has been introduced for aquaculture into numeours regions including the
NWA, NEP, Hawaii, China, Japan, Russia, Korea, and Taiwan, though the specific locations in Asia are not known.
1574
NEP

Ictalurus punctatus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
P
DEPTH [Obs: - 15m] [Pref: - 15m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
P
P
Rivers
P
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
O
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 11psu] [Pref: 0 - 1.7psu]
Fresh P Brackish P
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline P Mesohaline O Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
P O O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1575
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE
X
FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM X SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS
X
EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP

Lateolabrax sp. (Yokogawa and Seki, 1995)
Taxon: Ray-finned fish
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata Superclass: Pisces Class: Actinopterygii
Subclass: Neopterygii Infraclass: Teleostei Superorder: Acanthopterygii
Order: Perciformes Suborder: Percoidei Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Lateolabracidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 1989
Loc 1st record: Western Japan
Established: Yes
Taxonomic Author: Yokogawa & Seki, 1995
Lateolabrax sp. (NIES) Synonym
Lateolabrax sp. of authors Partial synonym
Type Locality: Asia
Hawaii
Chinese seabass
continental seabass
Species ID: 220544
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:51:38 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X AO PO
Comments: The Chinese seabass, Lateolabrax sp. (Yokogawa and Seki, 1995), was introduced into Japan in 1989. The
first wild population was recorded in 1992 at Uwajima, Ehime Prefecture (NIES). We assume the life history of the
undescribed L. sp. is similar to L. japonicus.
1576
NEP

Lateolabrax sp. (Yokogawa and Seki, 1995) Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
P
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
O
Consolidated X
SR
X
CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 32.3psu]
Fresh O Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline O Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
O O O O O P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
X
SeqH
X
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1577
H
Supralittoral
H
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic X Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM X SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP
X
EPS EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP
X

Lates calcarifer
Taxon: Ray-finned fish
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata Superclass: Pisces Class: Actinopterygii
Subclass: Neopterygii Infraclass: Teleostei Superorder: Acanthopterygii
Order: Perciformes Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Centropomidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: 1983
Loc 1st record: China
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Bloch, 1790)
Coius vacti Synonym
Holocentrus calcarifer Synonym
Lates darwiniensis Synonym
Pseudolates cavifrons Synonym
Type Locality:
Hawaii
Asian sea bass
Barramundi
giant perch
Species ID: 100702
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:51:38 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X AO PO
Comments: The native range of the catadromous Lates calcarifer is the "eastern edge of the Persian Gulf to China,
Taiwan and southern Japan, southward to southern Papua New Guinea and northern Australia" (FishBase). It has been
introduced into the Yellow Sea and perhaps other part of China for mariculture (UNDP/GEF, 2007).
1578
NEP

Lates calcarifer Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
X
TP RI-PH
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
O
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
P
Sand
O
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 3 - 40m] [Pref: 10 - 40m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
P
Epi-Deep
P
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
P
Lakes
P
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 35psu] [Pref: 0 - 35psu]
Fresh P Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline P Mesohaline P Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
P P P P P P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic O
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW
O
R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1579
Supralittoral
H
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
H X G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
SeqH X IF FEE FCS P
X
X
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic X Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM X SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP
X
EPS EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP
X

Limia vittata
Taxon: Ray-finned fish
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata Superclass: Pisces Class: Actinopterygii
Subclass: Neopterygii Infraclass: Teleostei Superorder: Acanthopterygii
Order: Cyprinodontiformes Suborder: Cyprinodontoidei Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Poeciliidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Poecilia vittata Synonym banded limia
Cuban limia
Cuban molly
Cuban topminnow
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Guichenot, 1853)
Hawaii
1950
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 122880
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:51:38 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF ID RE AP X REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
AO PO
X X
Comments: Limia vittata is endemic to Cuba but has been introduced into Hawaii (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009) and
American Samoa (FishBase), probably through aquarium releases.
NEP
1580
O

Limia vittata Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated X SAV
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
P
Sand
O
X
MAR
X
Shelf
MAN
X
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
P
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - psu] [Pref: 0 - psu]
Fresh P Brackish O
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline O Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic O
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN
O
DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1581
H
Supralittoral
H
X
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic X Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM X SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP
X
EPS EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP
X

Lucania parva
Taxon: Ray-finned fish
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata Superclass: Pisces Class: Actinopterygii
Subclass: Neopterygii Infraclass: Teleostei Superorder: Acanthopterygii
Order: Cyprinodontiformes Suborder: Cyprinodontoidei Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Fundulidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Cyprinodon parvus Synonym rainwater killifish
Limia venusta Synonym
Lucania affinis Synonym
Type Locality: New Jersey, USA
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Baird & Girard, 1855)
Hawaii
Species ID: 1579
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:51:38 PM
NEP
1950s
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X
AO X PO
Comments: A likely vector for the rainwater killifish, Lucania parva, is as contaminated stock with other fishes
transported for aquaculture or bait. They may also have been transported to the NEP via ballast water or as eggs on
Atlantic oysters.
1582

Lucania parva Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
X X
TP RI-PH
X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
P
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 1m] [Pref: 0 - 1m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
O
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 80psu] [Pref: 0.7 - 24.2psu]
Fresh O Brackish P Marine O Hyper O
Oligohaline P Mesohaline P Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O O
P P P P P O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1583
H
Supralittoral
H
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE
X
FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
Pelagic X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Benthic Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP EPS EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP
X

Lutjanus fulvus
Taxon: Ray-finned fish
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata Superclass: Pisces Class: Actinopterygii
Subclass: Neopterygii Infraclass: Teleostei Superorder: Acanthopterygii
Order: Perciformes Suborder: Percoidei Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Lutjanidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Forster, 1801)
Diacope analis Synonym
Diacope aurantiaca Synonym
Diacope flavipes Synonym
Diacope immaculata Synonym
Type Locality:
Hawaii
1956
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
blacktail snapper
flame-colored snapper
flametail snapper
toau
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A
X AO PO
Comments:
Species ID: 122881
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:51:38 PM
P
REC
NEP
SF
HR
1584
O

Lutjanus fulvus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X TP RI-PH X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
P
Sand
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 1 - 128m] [Pref: 1 - 75m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
P
Epi-Deep
P
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
O
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - psu]
Fresh O Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
O O O O
O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
O
P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1585
H
Supralittoral
H
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE
X
FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic X Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM X SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP
X
EPS EPU EPC
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Lutjanus gibbus
Taxon: Ray-finned fish
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata Superclass: Pisces Class: Actinopterygii
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Perciformes Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Lutjanidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Forsskål, 1775)
Anthias heraldi Synonym
Diacope axillaris Synonym
Diacope borensis Synonym
Diacope coccinea Synonym
Type Locality:
Hawaii
1958
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
humpback red snapper
humpback snapper
paddletail
red snapper (Lutjanus gibbus)
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A
X AO PO
Comments:
Species ID: 122882
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:51:38 PM
P
REC
NEP
SF
HR
1586
O

Lutjanus gibbus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
TP RI-PH X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
O
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
P
Sand
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 1 - 150m] [Pref: 6 - 29m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
O
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 31 - 34.2psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1587
H
Supralittoral
H
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE
X
FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic X Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM X SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP
X
EPS EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP
X

Lutjanus kasmira
Taxon: Ray-finned fish
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata Superclass: Pisces Class: Actinopterygii
Subclass: Neopterygii Infraclass: Teleostei Superorder: Acanthopterygii
Order: Perciformes Suborder: Percoidei Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Lutjanidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Forsskål, 1775)
Diacope octolineata Ambiguous syn.
Lutianus kasmira Synonym
Mesoprion etaape Synonym
Mesoprion pomacanthus Synonym
Type Locality:
Hawaii
1958
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
blue stripe snapper
blueline snapper
blue-lined snapper
blue-striped seaperch
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A
X AO PO
Comments:
Species ID: 122883
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:51:38 PM
P
REC
NEP
SF
HR
1588
O

Lutjanus kasmira Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
X
TP RI-PH X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
O
Sand
Shelf
P
DEPTH [Obs: 3 - 275m] [Pref: 30 - 150m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep O
P
P
Epi-Deep
P
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
O
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
O
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 34.8 - 35.1psu]
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C
P
O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1589
H
Supralittoral
H
X
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE
X
FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic X Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM X SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP
X
EPS EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP
X

Menidia beryllina
Taxon: Ray-finned fish
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata Superclass: Pisces Class: Actinopterygii
Subclass: Neopterygii Infraclass: Teleostei Superorder: Acanthopterygii
Order: Atheriniformes Suborder: Atherinoidei Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Atherinidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Cope, 1867)
Chirostoma beryllinum Synonym
Ischnomembras gabunensis Synonym
Menidia audens Synonym
Menidia beryllina cerea Convention
Type Locality: Potomac River, Washington D.C, USA
Hawaii
inland silverside
Mississippi silverside
Species ID: 1580
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:51:38 PM
NEP
1967
Lake County, California
Yes
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
X AO PO X
Comments: According to FishBase, Menidia beryllina is marine species that ascends rivers and also consists of
landlocked populations that reproduce in freshwater. It was introduced into California for biocontrol, though it has also
been stocked as forage for sport fish in freshwater systems.
1590

Menidia beryllina Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
P
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
P
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 2m] [Pref: 1 - 2m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
P
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
P
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 35psu] [Pref: 0 - psu]
Fresh P Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
O O O O O O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1591
H
Supralittoral
H
X
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
Pelagic X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Benthic Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP EPS EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP
X

Morone saxatilis
Taxon: Ray-finned fish
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata Superclass: Pisces Class: Actinopterygii
Subclass: Neopterygii Infraclass: Teleostei Superorder: Acanthopterygii
Order: Perciformes Suborder: Percoidei Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Moronidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: 1990
Loc 1st record: China
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Walbaum, 1792)
Morone lineatus Synonym
Morone saxitilis Misspelling
Perca mitchilli alternata Synonym
Perca saxatilis Synonym
Type Locality: New York , USA
1922
Hawaii
No
Hawaii
gestreepte baars
linesider
rock bass (Morone saxatilis)
rock fish (Morone saxatilis)
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A
X AO PO
Comments:
Species ID: 1583
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:51:38 PM
NEP
1879
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
P
REC
SF
HR
1592
O

Morone saxatilis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
TP RI-PH X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
O
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
P
Sand
Shelf
P
DEPTH [Obs: 1 - 97m] [Pref: 10 - 30m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
O
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
P
Lakes
O
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 35psu] [Pref: 0 - 35psu]
Fresh P Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline P Mesohaline P Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
P P P P P P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1593
H
Supralittoral
H
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE
X
FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic X Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM X SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP
X
EPS EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP
X

Mugilogobius cavifrons
Taxon: Ray-finned fish
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata Superclass: Pisces Class: Actinopterygii
Subclass: Neopterygii Infraclass: Teleostei Superorder: Acanthopterygii
Order: Perciformes Suborder: Gobioidei Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Gobiidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Weber, 1909)
Gobius cavifrons Synonym
Mugilogobius parvus fide Larson, 2001 Synonym
Tamanka philippina Synonym
Tamanka talavera Synonym
Type Locality: Moluccas, Indonesia
Hawaii
1987
Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii
Yes
bandfin mullet goby
mangrove goby
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
Comments:
AO PO
Species ID: 170016
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:51:38 PM
REC
NEP
SF
HR
1594
O

Mugilogobius cavifrons Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
P
Shelf
MAN
X
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 1.2m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal O
O Sub-Shallow
O
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
O
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
O
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 36psu]
Fresh O Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline O Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O O
O O O O O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1595
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM X SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS
X
EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP

Odontesthes bonariensis
Taxon: Ray-finned fish
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata Superclass: Pisces Class: Actinopterygii
Subclass: Neopterygii Infraclass: Teleostei Superorder: Acanthopterygii
Order: Atheriniformes Suborder: Atheriniformes Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Atherinopsidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: 1966
Loc 1st record: Japan
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Valenciennes, 1835)
Atherina bonariensis Synonym
Atherina lichtensteinii Synonym
Basilichthys bonariensis Synonym
Basilichthys puntanus Synonym
Type Locality:
Hawaii
Argentinian silverside
pejerrey
piexe rei
Rapurata-tougoroo (Japanese)
Species ID: 220140
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:51:38 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X AO PO
Comments: Odontesthes bonariensis is primarily a freshwater species though it can tolerate brackish waters. It was
introduced into Japan in 1966 and established wild populations.
NEP
1596
O

Odontesthes bonariensis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
P
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
P
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 1 - m] [Pref: 1 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
P
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
P
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 20psu] [Pref: 0 - 15psu]
Fresh P Brackish P
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline P Mesohaline P Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
P P P P O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1597
H
Supralittoral
H
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE
X
FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
Pelagic X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Benthic Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP EPS EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP
X

Omobranchus ferox
Taxon: Ray-finned fish
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata Superclass: Pisces Class: Actinopterygii
Subclass: Neopterygii Infraclass: Teleostei Superorder: Acanthopterygii
Order: Perciformes Suborder: Blennioidei Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Blenniidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Omobranchus kranjiensis Synonym fang-toothed blenny
gossamer blenny
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Herre, 1927)
Hawaii
1998
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF X S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
Comments:
AO PO
Species ID: 122884
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:51:38 PM
REC
NEP
SF
HR
1598
O

Omobranchus ferox Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X TP RI-PH X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
O Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
O
O
Rivers
O
Bathyal
Lakes
P
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 35psu] [Pref: 0 - psu]
Fresh P Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
O O O O O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1599
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE
X
FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM X SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS
X
EPU EPC
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Omobranchus rotundiceps
Taxon: Ray-finned fish
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata Superclass: Pisces Class: Actinopterygii
Subclass: Neopterygii Infraclass: Teleostei Superorder: Acanthopterygii
Order: Perciformes Suborder: Blennioidei Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Blenniidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Macleay, 1881)
Omobranchus elongatus of Strasburg (1956, 1966) Synonym
Omobranchus rotundiceps obliquus Convention
Type Locality:
Hawaii
1951
Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii
Yes
mangrove blenny
rocky-reef blenny
roundhead blenny
VECTORS
SH MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A
AO PO
X
Comments:
Species ID: 122885
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:51:38 PM
X
P
REC
NEP
SF
HR
1600
O

Omobranchus rotundiceps Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X TP RI-PH X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish O Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
O
O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1601
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE
X
FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM X SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS
X
EPU EPC
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Oncorhynchus kisutch
Taxon: Ray-finned fish
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata Superclass: Pisces Class: Actinopterygii
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Salmoniformes Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Salmonidae Subfamily:
Species ID: 1617
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Salmo kisatch Synonym coho salmon
hooknose salmon
salmon trout (Oncorhynchus kisutch)
silver salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: 1965
Loc 1st record: Japan
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Walbaum, 1792)
Hawaii
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:51:38 PM
Native
Native
Yes
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X AO PO
Comments: The native range of Oncorhynchus kisutch includes Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk, and northern Sea of Japan.
However, it has been introduced into parts of Japan (NIES, 2011), China (Ma et al., 2003; Chavanich et al., 2010) and
Korea (Seo and Lee, 2008), presumably including the Yellow Sea, southern Sea of Japan, and Kyushu.
1602
NEP

Oncorhynchus kisutch Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
O
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
O
Shelf
P
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
O
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
P
ECOSYSTEM
TP
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
P
P
Rivers
P
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 36psu] [Pref: 0 - 36psu]
Fresh P Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline P Mesohaline P Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P P
P P P P P P
K
Mixed Sediments
O
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1603
H
Supralittoral
H
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE
X
FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic X Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM X SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP
X
EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP
X

Oncorhynchus mykiss
Taxon: Ray-finned fish
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata Superclass: Pisces Class: Actinopterygii
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Salmoniformes Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Salmonidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: 1877
Loc 1st record: Japan
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Walbaum, 1792)
Onchorrhychus mykiss Misspelling
Onchorynchus mykiss Misspelling
Oncorhynchus mykiss gairdeneri Convention
Oncorhynchus mykiss gairdnerii Convention
Type Locality:
1920
Hawaii
Yes
Hawaii
Columbia River redband trout
Kamchatka
Niji-masu (Japanese)
rainbow trout
Species ID: 1618
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:51:38 PM
Native
Native
Yes
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X AO PO
Comments: The native range of Oncorhynchus mykiss extends from the Kamchatka to the Amur River in the northern
Sea of Japan. It has been introduced into the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea while there are conflicting
classifications for the Sea of Japan and Central Kuroshio Current Ecoregions.
1604
NEP

Oncorhynchus mykiss Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
P
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
P
Shelf
P
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 250m] [Pref: 0 - 23m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
O
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
O
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
O
Bathyal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
P
P
Rivers
P
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Lakes
P
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 35psu] [Pref: 0 - 35psu]
Fresh P Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline P Mesohaline P Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
P P P P P P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1605
H
Supralittoral
H
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE
X
FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic X Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM X SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP
X
EPS EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP
X

Oreochromis aureus
Taxon: Ray-finned fish
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata Superclass: Pisces Class: Actinopterygii
Subclass: Neopterygii Infraclass: Teleostei Superorder: Acanthopterygii
Order: Perciformes Suborder: Labroidei Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Cichlidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Oreochromis niloticus of authors; not (Linnaeus, 1758) Misidentified blue tilapia
Tilapia aurea Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: 1980
Loc 1st record: Japan
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Steindachner, 1864)
Hawaii
Species ID: 100633
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:51:38 PM
1964
Mexico
Yes
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X AO PO
Comments: While primarily a freshwater fish, Oreochromis aureus is able to live and reproduce in brackish waters. It
has been widely introduced for aquaculture, though most of these facilities are inland versus coastal. Thus, it is not
clear to what extent the invasion pattern shown here actually represents coastal invasions.
1606
NEP

Oreochromis aureus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
X
TP RI-PH X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
P
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 5 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
P
Bathyal
Lakes
P
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 35psu] [Pref: 0 - psu]
Fresh P Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
O O O O O O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1607
H
Supralittoral
H
X
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE
X
FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic X Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM X SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP
X
EPS EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP
X

Oreochromis mossambicus
Taxon: Ray-finned fish
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata Superclass: Pisces Class: Actinopterygii
Subclass: Neopterygii Infraclass: Teleostei Superorder: Acanthopterygii
Order: Perciformes Suborder: Labroidei Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Cichlidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: 1954
Loc 1st record: Japan
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Peters, 1852)
Chromis dumerilii Synonym
Chromis mossambicus Synonym
Chromis natalensis Synonym
Chromis vorax Synonym
Type Locality:
Hawaii
1951
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
African mouthbrooder
African perch
common tilapia
Hawaiian perch
Species ID: 4403
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:51:38 PM
Unknown
Unknown
Yes
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
X X AO PO
Comments: Oreochromis mossambicus is a fresh and brackish water tilapia widely distributed for aquaculture. It is
established in Southern California, including the Santa Ana, San Gabriel, and Los Angeles rivers (USGS-NAS), Hawaii
(Coles et al., 1999a), and Japan (FishBase).
1608
NEP

Oreochromis mossambicus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
P
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
P
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 1 - 12m] [Pref: 1 - 12m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
P
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Lakes
P
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 40psu] [Pref: 0 - 20psu]
Fresh P Brackish P Marine O Hyper O
Oligohaline P Mesohaline P Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O O
P P P P P O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic O
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA
O
MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1609
H
Supralittoral
H
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
X
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE
X
FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic X Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM X SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP
X
EPS EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP
X

Oreochromis niloticus
Taxon: Ray-finned fish
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata Superclass: Pisces Class: Actinopterygii
Subclass: Neopterygii Infraclass: Teleostei Superorder: Acanthopterygii
Order: Perciformes Suborder: Labroidei Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Cichlidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: 1962
Loc 1st record: Japan
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Linnaeus, 1758)
Chromis nilotica Synonym
Chromis niloticus Synonym
Oreochromis niloticus niloticus Convention
Perca nilotica Synonym
Type Locality:
Hawaii
Baringo tilapia
Chikadai (Japanese)
mango fish
Nile mouthbreeder
Species ID: 220552
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:51:38 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X AO PO
Comments: Oreochromis niloticus is of Western African origin and primarily inhabits freshwater lakes and streams,
though it is euryhaline. It has been widely introduced into coastal basins for aquaculture, including China, Japan, and
Tropical Eastern Pacific. However, it is not clear whether estuarine populations have become established.
1610
NEP

Oreochromis niloticus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
P
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 5 - 20m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
P
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
P
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 40psu] [Pref: 0 - 10psu]
Fresh P Brackish P Marine O Hyper O
Oligohaline P Mesohaline P Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O O
P P P O O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1611
H
Supralittoral
H
X
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE
X
FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic X Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM X SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP
X
EPS EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP
X

Parablennius thysanius
Taxon: Ray-finned fish
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata Superclass: Pisces Class: Actinopterygii
Subclass: Neopterygii Infraclass: Teleostei Superorder: Acanthopterygii
Order: Perciformes Suborder: Blennioidei Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Blenniidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Blennius thysanius Synonym Indo-Pacific blenny
tasseled blenny
tasselled blenny
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Jordan & Seale, 1907)
Hawaii
1971
Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
Comments:
X
AO PO
Species ID: 122886
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:51:38 PM
REC
NEP
SF
HR
1612
O

Parablennius thysanius Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
TP RI-PH X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 1 - 10m] [Pref: 1 - 10m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate P
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P O P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1613
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE
X
FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM X SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS
X
EPU EPC
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Paralichthys dentatus
Taxon: Ray-finned fish
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata Superclass: Pisces Class: Actinopterygii
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Pleuronectiformes Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Paralichthyidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Pleuronectes dentatus Synonym fluke
summer flounder
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: 2000
Loc 1st record: China
Established: Unknown
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Linnaeus, 1766)
Hawaii
Species ID: 100768
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:51:38 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X AO PO
Comments: Paralichthys dentatus has been introduced into China for cage culture, though it is not known if any wild
populations have become established.
NEP
1614
O

Paralichthys dentatus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
P
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X X
X X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
P
Shelf
O
MAN
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 183m] [Pref: 0 - 37m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
P
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines
O
Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 10 - 35psu] [Pref: 24 - 35psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline O Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
O O P P
K
Mixed Sediments
O
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1615
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM X SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS
X
EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Paralichthys lethostigma
Taxon: Ray-finned fish
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata Superclass: Pisces Class: Actinopterygii
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Pleuronectiformes Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Paralichthyidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Paralichthys letostigma Misspelling doormat
mud flounder
southern flounder
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: 2002
Loc 1st record: China
Established: Unknown
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Jordan & Gilbert, 1884
Hawaii
Species ID: 170118
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:51:38 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X AO PO
Comments: Paralichthys lethostigma is cage-cultured in China, however it is not known if it has become established in
the wild.
NEP
1616

Paralichthys lethostigma Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Shelf
O
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
P
Sand
P
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 40m] [Pref: - 40m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
O Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
P
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines
O
Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
O
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 35psu] [Pref: - 35psu]
Fresh O Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline O Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
O O O O P P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1617
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE
X
FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM X SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS
X
EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP

Parambassis ranga
Taxon: Ray-finned fish
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata Superclass: Pisces Class: Actinopterygii
Subclass: Neopterygii Infraclass: Teleostei Superorder: Acanthopterygii
Order: Perciformes Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Ambassidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Japan
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Hamilton, 1822)
Ambassis alta Synonym
Ambassis barlovi Synonym
Ambassis notatus Synonym
Ambassis ranga Synonym
Type Locality:
Hawaii
chanda ranga
glass perchlet
Indian glass perch
Indian glassfish
Species ID: 220144
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:51:38 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF ID RE AP X REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
AO PO
X
Comments: Parambassis ranga (= Psuedambassis ranga) is a freshwater fish though according to FishBase it is also
“brackish”. Mito and Uesugi (2004) state that it is introduced in Japan, though no specific sites were identified.
However, wild populations were found in the Ryukyu Archipelago in urban reservoirs (Ishikawa and Tachihara, 2008).
1618
NEP

Parambassis ranga Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
O
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
O
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
P
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
P
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - psu] [Pref: 0 - psu]
Fresh P Brackish O
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta
O
Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1619
H
Supralittoral
H
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE
X
FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic X Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM X SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP
X
EPS EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP

Perca flavescens
Taxon: Ray-finned fish
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata Superclass: Pisces Class: Actinopterygii
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Perciformes Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Percidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Morone flavescens Synonym yellow perch
Perca acuta Synonym
Perca fluviatilis flavescens Synonym
Perca notata Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: 1960
Loc 1st record: Japan
Established: No
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Mitchill, 1814)
Hawaii
Species ID: 3691
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:51:38 PM
NEP
1891
San Fransico Estuary, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X AO PO
Comments: Perca flavescens mostly inhabits lakes and rivers, though it is also found in brackish waters and salt lakes.
It was introduced into and become established in the NEP. It was introduced into Japan in 1960 in an unknown
location, but did not become established (FishBase).
1620

Perca flavescens Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
P
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
O
Sand
O
DEPTH [Obs: - 56m] [Pref: - 9m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
O
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
P
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
P
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 5psu] [Pref: 0 - psu]
Fresh P Brackish O
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
O
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1621
H
Supralittoral
H
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE
X
FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic X Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM X SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP
X
EPS EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP
X

Poecilia latipinna
Taxon: Ray-finned fish
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata Superclass: Pisces Class: Actinopterygii
Subclass: Neopterygii Infraclass: Teleostei Superorder: Acanthopterygii
Order: Cyprinodontiformes Suborder: Cyprinodontoidei Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Poeciliidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Mollienesia latipinna Synonym sailfin molly
tabai (Poecilia latipinna)
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Lesueur, 1821)
Hawaii
1905
Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 4418
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:51:38 PM
NEP
ca. 1959
Salton Sea, California
Yes
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
X X AO PO
Comments: Poecilia latipinna is usually found in slow moving freshwater, such as creeks, streams, ponds, and lakes.
However, it also occurs in brackish canals in Hawaii (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009) and in tidal sloughs and marshes in
Southern California (CANOD, 2009).
1622

Poecilia latipinna Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
P
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
X X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
P
Sand
Shelf
MAN
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
P
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
P
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 32psu] [Pref: 0 - 10psu]
Fresh P Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline P Mesohaline P Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
P P P O O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA
P
MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1623
H
Supralittoral
H
X
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic X Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM X SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP
X
EPS EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP
X

Poecilia mexicana
Taxon: Ray-finned fish
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata Superclass: Pisces Class: Actinopterygii
Subclass: Neopterygii Infraclass: Teleostei Superorder: Acanthopterygii
Order: Cyprinodontiformes Suborder: Cyprinodontoidei Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Poeciliidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Poecilia cuneata Synonym shortfin molly
Poecilia limantouri Synonym
Poecilia mexicana mexicana Synonym
Poecilia salvatoris x mexicana of Carlton and Eldredge, 200 Convention
Type Locality: Orizaba, Mexico
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Steindachner, 1863
after 1960
Hawaii
Yes
Hawaii
Species ID: 122887
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:51:38 PM
NEP
1966
Salton Sea, California
Yes
VECTORS
SH MS AF ID RE AP X REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
AO PO
X X
Comments: Poecilia mexicana is primarily a freshwater fish though it can be found at salinities up to 36 psu. Its native
range is the Atlantic Slope from Rio San Juan, Mexico to Guatemala. Carlton and Eldredge (2009) state that the invader
in Hawaii is a hybrid, P. salvatoris x mexicana. The introduced population in Southern California is in the Salton Sea.
1624

Poecilia mexicana Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
O
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
P
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
P
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 36psu] [Pref: 0 - psu]
Fresh P Brackish O Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O O
O O O O O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic O
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA
O
MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1625
H
Supralittoral
H
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM X SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP
X
EPS EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP
X

Poecilia reticulata
Taxon: Ray-finned fish
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata Superclass: Pisces Class: Actinopterygii
Subclass: Neopterygii Infraclass: Teleostei Superorder: Acanthopterygii
Order: Cyprinodontiformes Suborder: Cyprinodontoidei Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Poeciliidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Unknown
Loc 1st record: Unknown
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Peters, 1859
Acanthophacelus guppii Synonym
Acanthophacelus reticulatus Synonym
Girardinus guppii Synonym
Girardinus reticulatus Synonym
Type Locality:
1922
Hawaii
Yes
Hawaii
guppii (Japanese)
guppy
million fish
millions
Species ID: 100624
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:51:38 PM
NEP
1991
Baja California, Mexico
Yes
VECTORS
SH MS AF ID RE AP X REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
AO PO
X
Comments: The guppy, Poecilia reticulata, is primarily a freshwater fish though it can tolerate low to moderate
salinities. It has been introduced throughout the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indo-Pacific. However, many of the introductions
may be in inland waters so that the invasion pattern shown here may overestimate the invasion of coastal systems.
1626

Poecilia reticulata Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
P
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
X X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
P
Sand
O
Shelf
MAN
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
P
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
P
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 18psu] [Pref: 0 - 3psu]
Fresh P Brackish P
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline P Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
P P O O O
K
Mixed Sediments
O
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA
P
MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1627
H
Supralittoral
H
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF
X
FEE FCS P
DD
X
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic X Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM X SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP
X
EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP
X

Psetta maxima
Taxon: Ray-finned fish
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata Superclass: Pisces Class: Actinopterygii
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Pleuronectiformes Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Scophthalmidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
NWP
Date 1st record: 1922
Loc 1st record: Dalian, China
Established: Unknown
Taxonomic Author: (Linnaeus, 1758)
Pleuronectes cyclops Synonym
Pleuronectes maximus Synonym
Rhombus aculeatus Synonym
Rhombus maeoticus, not of Pallis, 1814 Misidentified
Type Locality: European Ocean
Hawaii
breet
britt
butt
turbot
Species ID: 100714
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:51:38 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X AO PO
Comments: Psetta maxima has been introduced into China (FishBase, Chavanich et al., 2010) and Korea (Seo and Lee,
2008) though it is not known if it is established in the wild. It was introduced into New Zealand in 1913 (Thomson,
1922) and apparently became established (FishBase).
1628
NEP

Psetta maxima Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
TP RI-PH X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
P
Shelf
P
DEPTH [Obs: 20 - 100m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
P
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines
P
Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P
K
Mixed Sediments
P
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1629
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM X SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS
X
EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP

Salmo salar
Taxon: Ray-finned fish
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata Superclass: Pisces Class: Actinopterygii
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Salmoniformes Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Salmonidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: 1980
Loc 1st record: Japan
Established: Unknown
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Linnaeus, 1758
Salmo brevipes Synonym
Salmo caerulescens Synonym
Salmo gracilis Synonym
Trutta salar Synonym
Type Locality:
Hawaii
Atlantic salmon
black salmon
fiddler
landlocked salmon (Salmo salar)
Species ID: 4241
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:51:38 PM
NEP
1874 (anadromous form)
Sacramento River, California
Yes
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X AO PO
Comments: Because of the numerous reports of escapees and the finding of natural reproduction in a British Columbia
coastal river (Volpe et al., 2000), we classify Salmo salar as established in the N.A. Pacific Fijordland Ecoregion. It has
been introduced into China, Korea and Japan, though it is not known whether it has established wild populations.
1630

Salmo salar Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
TP RI-PH X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
P
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
P
Sand
Shelf
P
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 210m] [Pref: 0 - 10m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep O
Epi-Deep
O
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
O
Bathyal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
O
O
Rivers
P
Lakes
P
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 36psu] [Pref: 0 - 36psu]
Fresh P Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline P Mesohaline P Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P P
P P P P P P
K
Mixed Sediments
O
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1631
H
Supralittoral
H
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE
X
FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic X Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM X SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP
X
EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP
X

Salmo trutta
Taxon: Ray-finned fish
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata Superclass: Pisces Class: Actinopterygii
Subclass: Neopterygii Infraclass: Teleostei Superorder: Protacanthopterygii
Order: Salmoniformes Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Salmonidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: 1900
Loc 1st record: Japan
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Linnaeus, 1758
Salmo trutta fario Synonym
Salmo trutta trutta Convention
Type Locality:
Hawaii
1935
Kauai, Hawaii
No
brown trout
Loch Leven trout
sea trout (Salmo trutta)
von Behr trout
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A
X X AO PO
Comments:
Species ID: 3893
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:51:38 PM
NEP
1893
Humboldt County, California
Yes
P
REC
SF
HR
1632
O
X

Salmo trutta Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB X
TP RI-PH X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
P
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
P
Sand
Shelf
P
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 50m] [Pref: 0 - 10m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
O
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
P
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
O
O
Rivers
P
Lakes
P
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 35psu] [Pref: 0 - 36psu]
Fresh P Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline P Mesohaline P Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P P
P P P O P P
K
Mixed Sediments
O
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R O HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1633
H
Supralittoral
H
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE
X
FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic X Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM X SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP
X
EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP
X

Salvelinus fontinalis
Taxon: Ray-finned fish
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata Superclass: Pisces Class: Actinopterygii
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Salmoniformes Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Salmonidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Salmo fontinalis Synonym american brook charr
american brook trout
aurora trout
braiser
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: 1901
Loc 1st record: Japan
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Mitchill, 1814)
1876
Hawaii
No
Hawaii
Species ID: 5811
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:51:38 PM
NEP
ca. 1871
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X AO PO
Comments: There are both anadromous and landlocked populations of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). This species
has been widely stocked in temperate regions throughout the world, including British Columbia, Japan, China, and
Hawai’i and are established in the first two regions.
1634

Salvelinus fontinalis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
P
Shelf
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 15 - 27m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
O
O
Rivers
P
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
O
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 36psu] [Pref: 0 - 36psu]
Fresh P Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline P Mesohaline P Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P P
P P P P P P
K
Mixed Sediments
O
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1635
H
Supralittoral
H
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE
X
FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic X Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM X SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP
X
EPS EPU EPC
X
F
VP
SP
SP
X

Sardinella marquesensis
Taxon: Ray-finned fish
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata Superclass: Pisces Class: Actinopterygii
Subclass: Neopterygii Infraclass: Teleostei Superorder: Clupeomorpha
Order: Clupeiformes Suborder: Clupeoidei Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Clupeidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Haregula vittata Synonym Marquesan sardine
Marquesan sardinella
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Berry & Whitehead, 1968
Hawaii
1955
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 122888
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:51:38 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X AO PO
Comments: Sardinella marquesensis, the Marquesan sardine, was intentionally introduced into Hawaii in an attempt to
establish a tuna bait fisheries.
NEP
1636

Sardinella marquesensis Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
Epi-Surface
O
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
P
Shelf
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 50m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
O
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
Fresh
SALINITY
Brackish Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
R HP
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1637
H
Supralittoral
H
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
Pelagic X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Benthic Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP EPS EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP
X

Sarotherodon melanotheron
Taxon: Ray-finned fish
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata Superclass: Pisces Class: Actinopterygii
Subclass: Neopterygii Infraclass: Teleostei Superorder: Acanthopterygii
Order: Perciformes Suborder: Labroidei Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Cichlidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record:
Loc 1st record:
Established:
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Rüppell, 1852
Sarotherodon melanotheron melanotheron Convention
Tilapia macrocephala Synonym
Tilapia melanotheron Synonym
Type Locality:
Hawaii
1962
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
blackchin mouthbreeder
blackchin tilapia
silvery tilapia
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A
X AO PO
Comments:
Species ID: 100635
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:51:38 PM
P
REC
NEP
SF
HR
1638
O

Sarotherodon melanotheron Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Unconsolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
P
Sand
Shelf
MAN
X
DEPTH [Obs: 3 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
O
Consolidated
SR CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 45psu] [Pref: 10 - 15psu]
Fresh O Brackish P Marine O Hyper O
Oligohaline O Mesohaline P Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O O
O O O P O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN
P
DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
X
PL
1639
H
Supralittoral
H
X
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P S DET DEC SF
X
X
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE
X
FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic X Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM X SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP
X
EPS EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP
X

Sciaenops ocellatus
Taxon: Ray-finned fish
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata Superclass: Pisces Class: Actinopterygii
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Perciformes Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Sciaenidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: 1991
Loc 1st record: China
Established: Unknown
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Linnaeus, 1766)
Lutjanus triangulum Synonym
Perca ocellata Synonym
Type Locality:
Hawaii
channel bass
red drum
redfish
spotted bass
Species ID: 100713
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:51:38 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X X AO PO
Comments: Sciaenops ocellatus was introduced for aquaculture into Korea (Seo and Lee, 2008), China (Chavanich et
al., 2010), as well as Vietnam, Singapore and Taiwan (FishBase). It did not become established in Taiwan, and the
population status in Korea, China, and Vietnam are not known. However, it is likely established in Singapore
(FishBase).
1640
NEP

Sciaenops ocellatus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
X
TP RI-PH
X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
O
PAR
Mud
O
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
P
Sand
P
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 70m] [Pref: 10 - m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
O
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines
P
Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0.14 - 50psu] [Pref: 30 - 35psu]
Fresh O Brackish P Marine P Hyper O
Oligohaline O Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha P O
O O O O O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1641
H
Supralittoral
H
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE
X
FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic X Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM X SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP
X
EPS EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP
X

Takifugu rubripes
Taxon: Ray-finned fish
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata Superclass: Pisces Class: Actinopterygii
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Tetraodontiformes Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Tetraodontidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Fugu rubripes Synonym
Sphaeroides rubripes Synonym
Tetraodon rubripes Synonym
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: 1991
Loc 1st record: Yellow Sea
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Temminck & Schlegel, 1850)
Hawaii
Japanese pufferfish
tiger puffer
Species ID: 100690
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:51:38 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X AO PO
Comments: According to FishBase, Takifugu rubripes is native to Russia, Japan, China, and Korea. However, Chen et
al. (2006a) list it as introduced into the Yellow Sea and Seo and Lee (2008) list it as introduced into Korea. Thus, we
list the Yellow Sea as a conflict.
1642
NEP

Takifugu rubripes Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
O
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
P
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
P
Shelf
P
Unconsolidated
Unvegetated SAV MAR MAN
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
Sand
DEPTH [Pref: - 20m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Epi-Deep
D
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
ECOSYSTEM
TP
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
O
Consolidated X
SR
X
CR O/M
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - psu]
Fresh O Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline O Mesohaline P Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
O O O P O O
K
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1643
H
Supralittoral
H
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE
X
FCS P
DD
RI
RI-PH
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic X Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM X SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP
X
EPS EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP
X

Tridentiger barbatus
Taxon: Ray-finned fish
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata Superclass: Pisces Class: Actinopterygii
Subclass: Neopterygii Infraclass: Teleostei Superorder: Acanthopterygii
Order: Perciformes Suborder: Gobioidei Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Gobiidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Shokihaze goby
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Günther, 1861)
Hawaii
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
Comments:
AO PO
Species ID: 5299
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:51:38 PM
NEP
1997
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
REC
SF
HR
1644
O

Tridentiger barbatus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
X TP RI-PH
X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 2.2 - 29.5m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines
O
Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
O
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0.09 - 28.81psu] [Pref: 2.5 - 9psu]
Fresh O Brackish P
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline P Mesohaline P Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
P P P O O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic O Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
O
O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1645
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM X SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS
X
EPU EPC
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Tridentiger bifasciatus
Taxon: Ray-finned fish
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata Superclass: Pisces Class: Actinopterygii
Subclass: Neopterygii Infraclass: Teleostei Superorder: Acanthopterygii
Order: Perciformes Suborder: Gobioidei Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Gobiidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
shimofuri goby
shimofuri shimahaze
Type Locality: near Vladivostok, Russia
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: Steindachner, 1881
Hawaii
VECTORS
SH X MS AF ID RE AP
BW SB HF S/R AE AA IR
A P
X
Comments:
AO PO
Species ID: 1587
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:51:38 PM
NEP
1985
San Francisco Estuary, CA
Yes
REC
SF
HR
1646
O

Tridentiger bifasciatus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
X
TP RI-PH
X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
O
Coastal Bay
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
O
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: - 2m] [Pref: - 2m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines
O
Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
P
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 0 - 19psu] [Pref: 0 - 5psu]
Fresh P Brackish P
Marine Hyper
Oligohaline P Mesohaline O Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
P P O O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
O
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic O
Artificial Substrate
C O
O
M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1647
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM X SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS
X
EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP

Tridentiger trigonocephalus
Taxon: Ray-finned fish
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata Superclass: Pisces Class: Actinopterygii
Subclass: Neopterygii Infraclass: Teleostei Superorder: Acanthopterygii
Order: Perciformes Suborder: Gobioidei Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Gobiidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality:
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Gill, 1859)
Triaenophorichthys trigonocephalus Synonym
Triaenophorus trigonocephalus Synonym
Tridentiger taeniatus Synonym
Trifissus ioturus Synonym
Hawaii
chameleon goby
Japanese goby
shimahaze
trident goby
Species ID: 1588
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:51:38 PM
NEP
1960
Los Angeles Harbor, CA
Yes
VECTORS
SH X MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
X X
AO PO X
Comments: The chameleon goby, Tridentiger trigonocephalus, can be found in “oyster shells and crevices among
barnacles and other fouling organisms” (FishBase). Thus, transport of Pacific oysters and/or hull fouling are potential
vectors, along with ballast water.
1648

Tridentiger trigonocephalus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
X
TP RI-PH X X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
Sand
P
Shelf
DEPTH [Obs: 0 - 15m] [Pref: 4 - 5m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P Bathyal
O Sub-Shallow
P
Sub-Deep
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
Pelagic Depth
Meso
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY [Obs: 14.6 - 36.8psu]
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline P Polyhaline P Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O O
P P P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R P HP Biogenic P Artificial Substrate O
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
P
O
O O
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1649
H
Supralittoral
H
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF X
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE
X
FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP X
FR SD
LP-B LP-P X
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM X SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
BP EPS
X
EPU EPC
F
X
VP
SP
SP

Upeneus vittatus
Taxon: Ray-finned fish
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata Superclass: Pisces Class: Actinopterygii
Subclass: Infraclass: Superorder:
Order: Perciformes Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Mullidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Mullus vittatus Synonym bandedtail goatfish
bartailed goatfish
striped goatfish
yellowbanded goatfish
Type Locality: Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Forsskål, 1775)
Hawaii
1955
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Species ID: 122889
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:51:38 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
AO PO
Comments: Upeneus vittatus is widely distributed throughout the Eastern, Central, and Western Indo-Pacific (FishBase).
NEP
1650

Upeneus vittatus Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
X
X TP RI-PH X
Coastal Fringe
Epi-Surface
PAR
Mud
P
Coastal Bay
P
Nearshore
O
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
P
Sand
O
Shelf
O
DEPTH [Obs: 5 - 320m]
Benthic Depth
Intertidal
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
O
Epi-Deep
O
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
O
Pelagic Depth
Meso
O
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines
P
Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Rivers
Bathyal
O
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish P Marine P Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha
O
P P
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic P
Artificial Substrate
C O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
O
P
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI OVO
PL
1651
H
Supralittoral
H
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic X Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM X SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP
X
EPS EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP
X

Valamugil engeli
Taxon: Ray-finned fish
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata Superclass: Pisces Class: Actinopterygii
Subclass: Neopterygii Infraclass: Teleostei Superorder: Acanthopterygii
Order: Mugiliformes Suborder: Infraorder:
Superfamily: Family: Mugilidae Subfamily:
Also Known As (Name - Type): Common Names:
Type Locality: Java, Indonesia
Ecoregion-level distribution
Master Classifications
Date 1st record: Native
Loc 1st record: Native
Established: Yes
NWP
Taxonomic Author: (Bleeker, 1858-59)
Chelon engeli Synonym
Moolgarda engeli Synonym
Hawaii
1955
Oahu, Hawaii
Yes
Australian mullet
Engel's Mullet
Englel's mullet
Kanda
Species ID: 170014
Print Date: 9/9/2012 10:51:38 PM
VECTORS
SH MS AF X
ID RE AP REC SF HR O
BW SB HF S/R AE AA X IR
A P
AO PO
Comments: The mullet, Valamugil engeli, was accidently introduced into Hawaii with the Marquesan sardine
(Sardinella marquesensis) (Eldredge, 1994). It inhabits “shallow protected sandy to muddy areas of reef flats and
shallow lagoons while juveniles have been encountered in tide pools” (FishBase), while in Hawaii it is largely estuarine.
1652
NEP

Valamugil engeli Print Date: 9/9/2012
Estuary
P
Epi-Surface
Coastal Bay
O
Nearshore
Epipelagic
Epi-Shallow
P
Shelf
Intertidal
Epi-Deep
REGIME
Oceanic Coastal Fringe
DEPTH
Benthic Depth
Subtidal P
Sub-Shallow Sub-Deep
P
Pelagic Depth
Meso
Bathyal
Rivers
ECOSYSTEM
Unconsolidated X Consolidated X
Unvegetated X SAV MAR MAN D RI X SR CR O/M
UV-CS UV-TF UV-SUB
TP RI-PH X X
X
X
Coastal Fringe
PAR
Mud
P
Sand
P
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE
Mix. Fines Gravel Cobble
Bathyal
Lakes
Abyssal
Abyssal
Terrestrial
Hadal
Hadal
SALINITY
Fresh Brackish P Marine O Hyper
Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline O Beta Alpha
Beta Alpha Beta Alpha Beta Alpha O
O O
K
X
Mixed Sediments
Pelagic
Organic
CONSOLIDATED SUBSTRATE X
R HP Biogenic O
Artificial Substrate
C
O
O M W CA K RA MAN DW R P H + B Oth
SynH
SA
SeqH
PP
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
V OVI
X
OVO
PL
1653
H
Supralittoral
H
P
TROPHIC LEVEL AND FEEDING
P
X
S DET DEC SF
REPRODUCTION
Sexual X
Asexual
G/D SF
BF BUD PAR/AGA
X IF FEE FCS P
DD
DF
DF-SUR DF-SUB
JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT/DISPERSAL
LP
FR SD
LP-B LP-P
HABITAT ASSOCIATION
Pelagic Benthic X
Epibiotic
NE SUB DEM X SUR UR B N SF IN EPP EPZ
X BP
X
EPS EPU EPC
F
VP
SP
SP
X

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Abudefduf vaigiensis
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Meadows and Kane, 2006
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NIMPIS
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#Master Comment
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Coles et al., 1999a
Eldredge and DeFelice, 2002
Felder and Martin, 2003
GBIF
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Paulay, 2011
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WoRMS
Acanthophora spicifera
#Master Comment
AlgaeBase
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Brostoff, 1989
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
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Coles et al., 1997
Coles et al., 1999a
GBIF
GISD
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1778

NIES
Acartiella sinensis
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CANOD, 2009
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Acipenser gueldenstaedtii
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GBIF
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Wang, 2008
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Acipenser nudiventris
#Master Comment
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GBIF
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Acipenser sinensis
#Master Comment
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FishBase, 2009
IUCN, 2010
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Acipenser sturio
#Master Comment
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GBIF
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MEI, 2008
WoRMS
Aetea anguina
#Master Comment
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CANOD, 2009
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DAISIE
GBIF
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OBIS
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Tilbrook et al., 2001
Aetea truncata
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
CDF
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DAISIE
GBIF
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Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Migotto and Winston, 2005
Novosel and Požar-Domac, 2001
Osburn, 1947
Osburn, 1950
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Shluker, 2003
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Aeverrillia armata
#Master Comment
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CANOD, 2009
CSA, 2009
GBIF
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1779

OBIS
Winston, 1977
Aglaothamnion tenuissimum
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CANOD, 2009
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GBIF
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Aiptasia cf. insignis
#Master Comment
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Fautin
GBIF
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Mito and Uesugi, 2004
Aiptasiomorpha minima
#Master Comment
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Mito and Uesugi, 2004
OBIS
Alderia modesta
#Master Comment
ArcOD
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California Department of Fish and
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CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 2009
Castillo, 2000
Chernyshev and Chaban, 2005
EPA, 2002a
EPA, 2008
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GBIF
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T N & Associates, 2002
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WoRMS
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Alexandrium margalefi
#Master Comment
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Bandy, 1958
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
MacKenzie et al., 2004
OBIS
Selina and Morozova, 2005
Selina et al., 2006
Zvyagintsev et al., 2011
Alexandrium tamutum
#Master Comment
AlgaeBase
Brown et al., 2010
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Montresor et al., 2004
OBIS
Selina and Morozova, 2005
Selina et al., 2006
Zvyagintsev et al., 2011
Alitta succinea
Bishop Museum, 2000
Blake and Ruff, 2007
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Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
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Carlton, 2003
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
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1780

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Shluker, 2003
Surugiu, 2005
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Wonham and Carlton, 2005
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Alloniscus oahuensis
#Master Comment
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GBIF
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Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Morton, 2003
Poore, 2002
Alosa sapidissima
#Master Comment
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Barnhart et al., 1992
Bryant and Souza, 2004
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1989
Carlton, 2003
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Cohen, 2004c
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Ellis, 1999
Ellis, 2002
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EPA, 1999
EPA, 2000
FishBase, 2009
Gartz, 2004
GBIF
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Meacham, 2001
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WoRMS
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Amaeana sp. (Cohen et al., 2005)
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Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Cohen et al., 2005a
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SCAMIT, 2006
Amathia convoluta
#Master Comment
bioSearch, 2009
CANOD, 2009
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
OBIS
Osburn, 1953
Winston, 1977
Amathia distans
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
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Coles et al., 1999a
Cranfield et al., 1998a
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1781

Fehlauer-Ale et al., 2011
GBIF
Gordon, 2009
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Liu, 2008
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Migotto and Winston, 2005
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NIMPIS
OBIS
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Osburn, 1953
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Seo and Lee, 2008
Shluker, 2003
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Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Capa et al., 2001
Cohen et al., 2002
Dorsey, 1978
GBIF
Imajima, 2006
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
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WoRMS
Ameiurus melas
#Master Comment
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Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Clavero and García-Berthou, 2006
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen and Moyle, 2004
Garcia-de-Lomas et al., 2009
GBIF
Meacham, 2001
OBIS
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Ammophila arenaria
#Master Comment
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Correa, 2002
GBIF
GISD
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
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WoRMS
Ammothella pacifica
Bishop Museum, 2000
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Ampelisca abdita
Cadien, 2007a
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Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
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Chapman, 1988
Chapman, 2007
Chapman, 2009
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Cohen, 1998
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EPA, 2000
EPA, 2002a
EPA, 2008
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GBIF
Gehrts et al., 2004b
Lee et al., 2003a
Light et al., 2005
Nichols, 1985
Nichols and Pamatamat, 1988
Nichols and Thompson, 1985b
Nichols et al., 1990
OBIS
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Thompson et al., 2000
Amphibalanus amphitrite
#Master Comment
Anil et al., 2001
Asai et al., 1997
Ass. Res. Lit. Org. Osaka Bay, 1981
1782

Ass. Res. Lit. Org. Osaka Bay, 1986
Ass. Res. Lit. Org. Osaka Bay, 1993
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CANOD, 2009
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Cohen
Cohen, 2004c
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Coles et al., 1999a
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DAISIE
Davis et al., 2002
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deRivera et al., 2007
Doi et al., 2011
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Emara and Belal, 2004
Farrapeira, 2008
Farrapeira, 2010b
Farrapeira et al., 2009
Foster, 1967
Fujioka and Kimura, 2000
Furota et al., 2008
Gaonkar et al., 2010
GBIF
Griffiths et al., 2009
Hayward, 1997
Henry and McLaughlin, 1975
Hewitt et al., 2004
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Hirata et al., 1988
Hiro, 1937
Hiro, 1938
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Iwasaki, 2006
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Kajihara, 1996
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Maclellan, 2005
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OBIS
Ohgaki, 2007
Okamoto, 1995
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Otani, 2002
Otani, 2006
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Paulay and Ross, 2003
Paulay et al., 2002
Pro Esteros, 2001
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Rao, 2005
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Shiganova, 2008
Shluker, 2003
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Tsukamoto, 2002
UNDP/GEF, 2007
Utinomi, 1967
WoRMS
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Yamaguchi, 1983
Yamaguchi, 1989
Yamamura, 1972
Yamamura et al., 1969
1783

Yamanishi et al., 1991
Yan and Huang, 1990
Yasuda, 1968
Yasuhara et al., 1981
Zabin, 2009
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Zullo, 1966
Zvyagintsev, 2000
Zvyagintsev, 2003
Zvyagintsev and Korn, 2003
Zvyagintsev et al., 2009
Zvyagintsev et al., 2004
Amphibalanus eburneus
#Master Comment
Arakawa, 1980
Asakura, 1992
Bishop Museum, 2000
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
Cangussu et al., 2010
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Carlton et al., 2011
Chavanich et al., 2010
Chen et al., 2006a
Cohen et al., 2005a
Cohen et al., 2002
Cohen et al., 2005b
Coles et al., 2002a
Coles et al., 1999a
DAISIE
Doi et al., 2011
El-Komi and Kajihara, 1990
Emara and Belal, 2004
Farrapeira, 2010b
Farrapeira et al., 2009
Fujioka and Kimura, 2000
Furota et al., 2008
GBIF
Henry and McLaughlin, 1975
Hirata et al., 1988
Horikoshi and Okamoto, 2007a
Horikoshi and Okamoto, 2007b
Iwaki, 1981
Iwasaki, 2006
Iwasaki et al., 2004b
Iwasaki et al., 2004a
Kado, 2003
Kajihara, 1977
Kajihara, 1996
Kawahara et al., 1979
Kimura and Sekiguchi, 1996b
Kimura et al., 2004
Kosaka and Ishibashi, 1979
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Liu, 2008
Mawatari, 1967
Mawatari and Hayashi, 1974
Meadows and Kane, 2006
MEI, 2008
Nabeshima, 2007
Newman, 2007
OBIS
Ohgaki, 2007
Okamoto, 1995
Otani, 2002
Otani, 2006
Otani et al., 2004
Paavola et al., 2005
Paulay and Ross, 2003
Paulay et al., 2002
PICES Working Group 21, 2009
Ramadan et al., 2006
SCAMIT, 2011
Seo and Lee, 2008
Sone et al., 2002
Streftaris et al., 2005
UNDP/GEF, 2007
Washitani, 2004
Wolff, 2005
WoRMS
Yamaguchi, 1982
Yamaguchi, 1989
Yamanishi et al., 1991
Yasuda, 1970
Zenetos et al., 2010
Zevina and Gorin, 1971
Zongguo, 2001
Zvyagintsev, 2003
Zvyagintsev et al., 2011
Amphibalanus improvisus
Adrianov et al., 2007
Arakawa, 1980
Asai et al., 1997
Asakura, 1992
Ass. Res. Lit. Org. Osaka Bay, 1981
Ass. Res. Lit. Org. Osaka Bay, 1986
Ass. Res. Lit. Org. Osaka Bay, 1993
Ass. Res. Lit. Org. Osaka Bay, 1996
Ass. Res. Lit. Org. Osaka Bay, 2007
1784

Bagaveeva and Zvyagintsev, 1999
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Carlton, 2002
Carlton, 2003
Carlton and Zullo, 1969
Carlton et al., 2011
Carlton et al., 1990
Chapman and Carlton, 1991
Chavanich et al., 2010
Chen et al., 2006a
Cohen et al., 2001a
Cohen, 2004c
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen and Carlton, 1997
Cohen and Moyle, 2004
DAISIE
deRivera et al., 2007
EPA, 2008
Farrapeira, 2008
Farrapeira, 2010b
Farrapeira et al., 2009
Filice, 1958
Ganmanee et al., 2004
GBIF
Henry and McLaughlin, 1975
Hewitt, 1993
Hirata, 1986
Hirata et al., 1988
Horikoshi and Okamoto, 2007a
Horikoshi and Okamoto, 2007b
Ivanova et al., 2009
Iwaki, 1981
Iwasaki, 2006
Iwasaki et al., 2004b
Iwasaki et al., 2004a
Kado, 2003
Kajihara, 1977
Kajihara, 1996
Kajihara et al., 1976
Kawahara, 1963
Kawahara et al., 1979
Kerckhof et al., 2007
Kimura et al., 2004
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Light et al., 2005
Liu, 2008
Markmann, 1986
Mawatari, 1967
Mawatari and Hayashi, 1974
Meacham, 2001
Mills and Rees, 2000
Nabeshima, 2007
Neves and da Rocha, 2008
Newman, 2007
Nichols et al., 1990
NIMPIS
OBIS
Ohgaki, 2007
Okamoto, 1995
Olenin et al.
Otani, 2002
Otani, 2006
Otani et al., 2004
Ovsyannikova, 2008
Paavola et al., 2005
PICES Working Group 21, 2010
Ruiz et al., 2000
Seo and Lee, 2008
Shimura et al., 2007
Sone et al., 2002
Streftaris et al., 2005
Sytsma et al., 2004a
Teacă et al., 2006
Thompson et al., 2000
UNDP/GEF, 2007
Utinomi, 1970
Waldeck et al., 2003
Wasson et al., 2002
Wasson et al., 2001
WDFW, 1998
Wehrtmann and Cortes, 2009
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
Yamaguchi, 1982
Yamaguchi, 1989
Yamamura, 1972
Yamamura et al., 1969
Yamanishi et al., 1991
Yasuda, 1970
Zevina and Gorin, 1971
Zongguo, 2001
Zvyagintsev, 2000
Zvyagintsev, 2003
Zvyagintsev et al., 2004
Amphibalanus reticulatus
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
CANOD, 2009
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Carlton et al., 2011
1785

Cohen, 2006
Coles et al., 2009
Coles et al., 1999a
Coles et al., 2003
DAISIE
deRivera et al., 2007
Doi et al., 2011
Farrapeira, 2008
Farrapeira, 2010b
Farrapeira et al., 2009
Gaonkar et al., 2010
GBIF
Henry and McLaughlin, 1975
Iwasaki, 2006
Jones, 2004
Kerckhof and Cattrijsse, 2001
Kerckhof et al., 2007
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Li et al., 2010
Liu, 2008
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Neves and da Rocha, 2008
OBIS
Prabowo and Yamaguchi, 2005
Ruiz et al., 2000
Shluker, 2003
Silva and Barros, 2011
Streftaris et al., 2005
Yan and Huang, 1990
Zenetos et al., 2010
Zongguo, 2001
Amphibalanus subalbidus
#Master Comment
Carlton et al., 2011
Chavanich et al., 2010
Farrapeira et al., 2007
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
OBIS
Ruiz et al., 2000
Amphibalanus variegatus
#Master Comment
Alagarswami and Chellam, 1976
Arakawa, 1980
Ayaka and Ken, 2005
Bagaveeva and Zvyagintsev, 1999
Brickhill, 2008
Cranfield et al., 1998a
Dafforn et al., 2009
DAISIE
Egan and Anderson, 1986
GBIF
Henry and McLaughlin, 1975
Horikoshi and Okamoto, 2005
Horikoshi and Okamoto, 2007a
Iwasaki, 2006
Iwasaki et al., 2004b
Karande, 1974
Kerckhof and Cattrijsse, 2001
Kerckhof et al., 2007
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Martin and Foster, 1986
Mawatari, 1967
MEI, 2008
NewSouth Global, 2006
Otani, 2002
Otani, 2006
Puspasari et al., 2002
Rajagopal et al., 1997
Utinomi, 1967
Utinomi, 1970
WoRMS
Amphibalanus venustus
#Master Comment
Arakawa, 1980
Farrapeira, 2008
GBIF
Iwasaki, 2006
Iwasaki et al., 2004b
Koike et al., 2006
Mead et al., 2011
MEI, 2008
OBIS
Otani, 2002
Otani, 2006
Utinomi, 1970
Yamaguchi, 1989
Young, 2000
Amphibalanus zhujiangensis
#Master Comment
Chavanich et al., 2010
Doi et al., 2011
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Prabowo, 2010
Puspasari et al., 2002
Amphiglena mediterranea
Coles et al., 2009
Demopoulos and Smith, 2010
Dept. Env. Water Heritage and Arts
Aus. 2008
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Moncur et al., 1999
1786

Nelson et al., 2007
OBIS
Tovar-Hernández and Salazar-Vallejo,
2006
Amphinema sp. (Rees, 2000)
#Master Comment
Rees, 2000
Amphithalamus inclusus
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
CDF
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Meadows and Kane, 2006
SCAMIT, 2011
Shluker, 2003
Turgeon et al., 1998
Ampithoe lacertosa
#Master Comment
Adrianov et al., 2007
Barnard, 1952a
Barnard, 1969a
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Castillo, 2000
Chapman, 2007
Chapman, 2009
Conlan and Bousfield, 1982a
EPA, 1999
EPA, 2001a
EPA, 2002a
EPA, 2008
Fairey et al., 2002
GBIF
Ivanova et al., 2009
Kim and Kim, 1987
Kim and Sim, 1987
MacGinitie, 1935
PICES Working Group 21, 2010
Rudy and Rudy, 1983
SCAMIT, 2008a
T N & Associates, 2002
Wasson et al., 2002
Yamada et al., 2007
Zongguo, 2001
Ampithoe longimana
#Master Comment
Carlton, 1979
Chapman, 2007
Chapman, 2009
EPA, 2008
GBIF
OBIS
Ruiz et al., 2000
SCAMIT, 2008a
USGS-NAS
WoRMS
Ampithoe sp. (Cohen and Carlton, 1995)
#Master Comment
Chapman, 2009
Cohen, 2004a
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Ruiz et al., 2000
Ampithoe valida
#Master Comment
Alonso de Pina, 1997
Bookheim and Berry, 1999
Boyd et al., 2002
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Carlton, 1989
Carlton, 2003
Carlton et al., 2003
Castillo, 2000
Chapman, 2007
Coan and Valentich-Scott, 2007
Cohen et al., 2001a
Cohen, 1998
Cohen, 2004b
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen et al., 2002
Cohen et al., 1998
Cunha et al., 1999
de Pina, 1997
Doi et al., 2011
EPA, 1999
EPA, 2000
EPA, 2001a
EPA, 2002a
EPA, 2008
Fairey et al., 2002
GBIF
Gehrts et al., 2004b
Kim and Kim, 1987
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Liu, 2008
Meacham, 2001
Mills, 2001a
1787

OBIS
Orensanz et al., 2002
Pardal et al., 2000
PICES Working Group 21, 2010
Pilgrim and Darling, 2010
Posey, 1988
Ruiz et al., 2000
SCAMIT, 2008a
T N & Associates, 2002
Thompson et al., 2000
USGS-NAS
Wada et al., 2010
Wasson et al., 2002
Wasson et al., 2001
WDFW, 1998
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
Yamauchi et al., 2006
Ancistrocoma pelseneeri
#Master Comment
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
ICPRB, 2007
Kozloff, 1946
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Liu, 2008
NEAT, 1997
Ruiz et al., 2000
USGS-NAS
WoRMS
Ancistrum cyclidioides
#Master Comment
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Kozloff, 1946
Ruiz et al., 2000
Russell, 1967
Anguilla anguilla
#Master Comment
Aladin et al., 2006a
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
FishBase, 2009
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Miyai et al., 2004
Ni and Kwok, 1999
OBIS
Okamura et al., 2008
Wang, 2008
Anguilla australis
#Master Comment
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Dill and Cordone, 1997
FAO FishFinder
FishBase, 2009
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
OBIS
Okamura et al., 2008
Anguilla marmorata
#Master Comment
Arai et al., 2002b
Bishop Museum, 2000
FishBase, 2009
GBIF
James and Suzumoto, 2006
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Meadows and Kane, 2006
OBIS
Robertson and Allen
Williamson and Boetius, 1993
Anguilla rostrata
#Master Comment
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Dill and Cordone, 1997
Eldredge, 1994
FishBase, 2009
GBIF
Han et al., 2002
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Miyai et al., 2004
Olenin and Didžiulis, 2009
USGS-NAS
Anguinella palmata
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cranfield et al., 1998a
GBIF
1788

Gordon, 2009
Inglis et al., 2006d
Maclellan, 2005
Migotto and Winston, 2005
Osburn, 1953
Ruiz et al., 2000
SCAMIT, 2008a
Winston, 1977
Winston and Maturo, 2009
Anisolabis maritima
#Master Comment
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Carlton and Ruiz, 2005a
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Daly, 2007a
GBIF
Haas
Kohno, 2001
Langston and Powell, 1975
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Maclellan, 2005
Ruiz et al., 2000
Smithsonian-Fort Pierce
Anomalorhiza shawi
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Shluker, 2003
Anomia nobilis
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Coles et al., 2002a
Coles et al., 1997
Coles et al., 1999a
Coles et al., 2003
Eldredge and DeFelice, 2002
Eldredge and Smith, 2001
GBIF
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Paleobiology Database, 2010
Paulay, 2003
Paulay et al., 2002
Shluker, 2003
WoRMS
Anoplodactylus arescus
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Child, 1988
Coles et al., 2002a
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Shluker, 2003
Anoplodactylus californicus
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
CANOD, 2009
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Child, 1979
Child, 1982
Child, 1995
Child and Hedgpeth, 2007
Çinar et al., 2005b
Coles et al., 2002a
EPA, 2008
Galil, 2007
GBIF
Hutchins, 1952
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Melzer et al., 2005
Occhipinti-Ambrogi et al., 2010
SCAMIT, 2008a
Zenetos et al., 2010
Anoplodactylus digitatus
#Master Comment
Arango, 2003
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Child, 1992
Coles et al., 2002a
GBIF
Lipkin and Safriel, 1971
SeaLifeBase
Streftaris et al., 2005
WoRMS
Zenetos et al., 2005a
Zenetos et al., 2010
Anoplodactylus erectus
Bamber, 1997
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Child, 1979
EPA, 1999
EPA, 2008
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Morton, 1997
Nakamura and Child, 1991
SCAMIT, 2008a
1789

SeaLifeBase
T N & Associates, 2002
WADOE, 2002
Anoplodactylus marshallensis
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Coles et al., 2002a
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
OBIS
Anoplodactylus pycnosoma
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Child, 1979
Child, 1988
Dept. Env. Water Heritage and Arts
Aus. 2008
GBIF
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Petryashov et al., 2007
Aoroides secundus
Ariyama, 2004
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Chapman, 2007
Cohen et al., 2002
Cohen et al., 2005b
EPA, 2008
PICES Working Group 21, 2009
SCAMIT, 2008a
Apseudes sp. (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009)
#Master Comment
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Argopecten irradians
#Master Comment
Brunel et al., 1998
Carlton, 1979
Carlton, 1999a
Chavanich et al., 2010
Chen et al., 2006a
Chu et al., 1996
Clarke et al., 2004
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
GBIF
Jia and Chen, 2001
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Minchin, 2003
OBIS
PICES Working Group 21, 2008
Turgeon et al., 2009
UNDP/GEF, 2007
Armadilloniscus ellipticus
#Master Comment
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
GBIF
Jass and Klausmeier, 2000
Kwon, 1995
Li, 2003
Maclellan, 2005
Menzies, 1950
Schmalfuss, 2004
Taiti and Howarth, 1996
Ascidia archaia
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
Bullard et al., 2011
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
GBIF
Kott, 2005
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
OBIS
Rocha, 2010
Zheng, 1995
Ascidia sp. (Lambert and Lambert, 1998)
Cohen, 1998
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen et al., 2002
EPA, 2000
Lambert and Lambert, 1998
Lambert and Lambert, 2003
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Ruiz et al., 2000
Ascidia species A (Carlton and Eldredge,
2009)
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Ascidia species B (Carlton and Eldredge,
2009)
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Ascidia sydneiensis
#Master Comment
Abdul et al., 2009
Ali et al., 2009
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Carman et al., 2011
Carman et al., 2010
Coles et al., 2002a
Coles et al., 1999a
Eldredge and Smith, 2001
Gaonkar et al., 2010
GBIF
Goodbody, 2004
1790

Lambert, 2002
Lambert, 2003b
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Locke, 2009
Marins et al., 2010
Mead et al., 2011
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Monniot and Monniot, 2001
OBIS
Paulay et al., 2002
Primo and Vazquez, 2008
Rao, 2005
Rho and Park, 1998
Rocha and Costa, 2005
Rocha, 2010
Rocha and Kremer, 2005
Rocha et al., 2009
Shluker, 2003
Subba Rao, 2005
Van Name, 1945
Zongguo, 2001
Ascidia zara
Abbott et al., 2007
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Cohen, 1998
Cohen et al., 2002
Crooks, 1998a
Dept. of Navy, 2000
deRivera et al., 2007
Fairey et al., 2002
GBIF
Honma et al., 1974
Lambert and Lambert, 1998
Lambert and Lambert, 2003
Rho and Park, 1998
Ruiz et al., 2000
SCAMIT, 2008a
Ascidiella aspersa
Carman et al., 2009
Emara and Belal, 2004
GBIF
GISD
Haupt et al., 2010
Kott, 1985
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Locke, 2009
Maclellan, 2005
Marineco, 2010
Mead et al., 2011
NIMPIS
OBIS
Primo and Vazquez, 2008
Rocha et al., 2009
Ruiz et al., 2000
Tasmanian Planning Commission, 2009
Ascocotyle tenuicollis
#Master Comment
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Hicks and Steele, 2003
OBIS
Overstreet et al., 2009
Scholz et al., 2001
Shluker, 2003
Ascophyllum nodosum
#Master Comment
AlgaeBase
Boyd et al., 2002
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen and Carlton, 1997
Díaz-Piferrer, 1969
Elston, 1997
GBIF
Josselyn and West, 1985
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Miller et al., 2004
Miller, 2004b
Miller, 2008
Asparagopsis armata
AlgaeBase
Andreakis et al., 2004
CANOD, 2009
Chualain et al., 2004
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
OBIS
Streftaris et al., 2005
Zenetos et al., 2010
Asparagopsis taxiformis
#Master Comment
AlgaeBase
Altamirano et al., 2008
Amado Filho et al., 2006
Andreakis et al., 2004
Bardamaskos et al., 2008
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
DAISIE
GBIF
Geller et al., 2010
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
OBIS
1791

Padilla-Gamino and Carpenter, 2007
PICES Working Group 21, 2009
Sherwood, 2008
Smithsonian Tropical Research, 2010
Streftaris et al., 2005
Tsiamis and Panayotidis, 2007
Zenetos et al., 2010
Aspidelectra cf. melolontha
#Master Comment
California Academy of Science
CANOD, 2009
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Crooks et al., 2011
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Aspidoconcha limnoriae
#Master Comment
ArcOD
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Crooks, 1998a
Dept. of Navy, 2000
GBIF
Holmes and Jeal, 1987
OBIS
Ruiz et al., 2000
WoRMS
Assiminea parasitologica
Carlton, 2008
GBIF
Laferriere et al., 2010
Miura et al., 2007
Atrichopogon jacobsoni
#Master Comment
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Nishida, 2008
Wirth, 1980
Atrichopogon sp. (Carlton & Eldredge, 2009)
#Master Comment
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Attheya armata
#Master Comment
Abreu et al., 2003
Campbell, 1996
Carlton, 2002
Carlton, 2003
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Ojeda and O'Shanahan, 2005
Ruiz et al., 2000
Sytsma et al., 2004a
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
Aurelia sp. (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009)
#Master Comment
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Dawson et al., 2005
OBIS
Aurelia sp. 1 (Dawson et al., 2005)
#Master Comment
CANOD, 2009
Dawson et al., 2005
Ki et al., 2008
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Avrainvillea amadelpha
#Master Comment
AlgaeBase
Brostoff, 1989
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Axiothella quadrimaculata
Bishop Museum, 2000
Coles et al., 2002b
Day, 1967b
Day and Hutchings, 1979
Dept. Env. Water Heritage and Arts
Aus. 2008
EPA, 2002c
GBIF
Hayward et al., 1997
Hutchings and Johnson
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Moncur et al., 1999
Nelson et al., 2007
OBIS
Swartz et al., 2004
Yun et al., 1999
Babakina festiva
#Master Comment
Behrens, 2004
Behrens and Hermosillo, 2005
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Crooks, 1998a
Erwin, 2009
Gosliner, 1995
Gosliner et al., 2007
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
1792

McDonald, 2007
Padula and Absalão, 2005
Ruiz et al., 2000
SCAMIT, 2008a
Turgeon et al., 1998
Balanus glandula
Allison, 1997
Barnhart et al., 1992
Berlow, 1997
Blanchette, 1997
Carlton, 1979
Carlton and Cohen, 1998
Cohen et al., 2001a
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Dahlhoff et al., 2001
Davis et al., 2002
Dept. of Navy, 2000
deRivera et al., 2007
Dethier and Duggins, 1988
Doi et al., 2011
EPA, 2000
EPA, 2002a
EPA, 2008
Fairey et al., 2002
Farrell, 1987
Farrell, 1988
Farrell, 1991
GBIF
Geller et al., 2008
Goddard, 1997
Griffiths et al., 2009
Grubba et al., 2000
Halpin et al., 2002
Hewitt, 1993
Houck et al., 1997
Iwasaki, 2006
Iwasaki et al., 2004b
Kado, 2000
Kado, 2003
Kado and Nanba, 2006
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Marsh, 1986a
Mead et al., 2011
MEI, 2008
Menge, 1992
Menge, 2000
Menge et al., 1997a
Menge et al., 1994
Morris et al., 1980
Nabeshima, 2007
Navarrete et al., 2000
Noda, 1999
OBIS
Orensanz et al., 2002
Otani, 2002
Otani, 2006
PICES Working Group 21, 2010
PISCO, 2001a
PISCO, 2001b
PISCO, 2001c
PISCO, 2001d
PISCO, 2003
PISCO, 2004
PISCO, 2005
Raimondi, 2002
Sanford, 1999b
Sanford, 1999a
Sanford and Menge, 2001
SCAMIT, 2011
Schwindt, 2007
Schwindt et al., 2009
Shimura et al., 2007
Simon-Blecher et al., 2008
Sotka et al., 2004
SWAT, 2003b
Sytsma et al., 2004a
Turner, 1983a
Turner and Lucas, 1985
Waldeck et al., 2003
Wasson et al., 2002
Wieters and Navarrete, 1998
Zedler et al., 1992
Balanus perforatus
#Master Comment
bioSearch, 2009
GBIF
Kerckhof and Cattrijsse, 2001
Kim and Hong, 2010
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
OBIS
Ramadan et al., 2006
Seo and Lee, 2008
WoRMS
Bankia bipalmulata
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Coles et al., 1997
Eldredge and DeFelice, 2002
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Meadows and Kane, 2006
1793

OBIS
Shluker, 2003
Turner and McKoy, 1979
Barentsia benedeni
#Master Comment
Bookheim and Berry, 1999
Boyd et al., 2002
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Carlton, 2003
Cohen, 2004b
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen and Carlton, 1997
Cohen et al., 1998
DAISIE
EPA, 1999
EPA, 2008
Fairey et al., 2002
GBIF
Goddard, 1997
Hewitt, 1993
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Maclellan, 2005
Markmann, 1986
Meacham, 2001
Mills, 2001a
Nielsen, 1989
NIMPIS, 2002r
Paavola et al., 2005
Ruiz et al., 2000
SCAMIT, 2008a
Subba Rao, 2005
T N & Associates, 2002
USGS-NAS
Wasson and Mariscal, 2007
Wasson et al., 2002
Wasson et al., 2000
Wasson et al., 2001
WDFW, 1998
WDNR, 1998
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
Zongguo, 2001
Barentsia sp. (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009)
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Batillaria attramentaria
#Master Comment
Berman and Carlton, 1991
Bookheim and Berry, 1999
Byers, 1999
Byers, 2000b
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Carlton, 1992
Carlton, 1999a
Carlton et al., 2003
Cohen et al., 2001a
Cohen, 2004b
Cohen et al., 1998
Eernisse et al., 2007
GBIF
Gillespie et al., 1999
GISD
Ivanova et al., 2009
Iwasaki, 2006
Liu, 2008
Meacham, 2001
Mills, 2001a
Miura et al., 2006
OBIS
O'Connor, 2000
Turgeon et al., 1988
USGS-NAS
Wasson et al., 2002
Wasson et al., 2001
WDFW, 1998
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
Zongguo, 2001
Bimeria vestita
#Master Comment
Calder, 2010
CANOD, 2009
Cohen et al., 2005a
GBIF
Hargitt, 1927
Hirohito, 1988
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
OBIS
PICES Working Group 21, 2009
Vervoort, 2006
Bispira sp. A (Cohen et al., 2002)
#Master Comment
Cohen et al., 2002
Cohen et al., 2005b
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
SCAMIT, 2008a
Blackfordia virginica
#Master Comment
1794

Aladin et al., 2006b
Bardi and Marques, 2009
bioSearch, 2009
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 2003
Carlton, 2007
Chicharo et al., 2009
Cohen, 1998
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
GBIF
Genzano et al., 2006
Goulletquer et al., 2002
Grosholz and Ruiz, 1995
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Light et al., 2005
Liu, 2008
Mills and Rees, 2000
Mills and Sommer, 1995
Mills et al., 2007
NEMESIS
Nogueira and Oliveira, 2006
OBIS
Paavola et al., 2005
Ruiz et al., 2000
Streftaris et al., 2005
USGS-NAS
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
Zongguo, 2001
Boccardiella hamata
#Master Comment
Berkeley, 1927
Blake and Ruff, 2007
Boyd et al., 2002
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2008
CANOD, 2009
Dean and Blake, 1966
Dept. of Navy, 2000
Eijiro and Takahiro, 2004
EPA, 2000
EPA, 2001a
EPA, 2008
Fairey et al., 2002
Filice, 1958
GBIF
Kudenov, 1983
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Liu, 2008
OBIS
Okuda, 1937
Orensanz et al., 2002
PICES Working Group 21, 2011
PICES Working Group 21, 2010
Sato-Okoshi, 2000
SCAMIT, 2008a
WADOE, 2002
Welch and Ruff, 2008
Zhou et al., 2010
Zongguo, 2001
Boccardiella ligerica
#Master Comment
Baker et al., 2004
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Cohen, 1998
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen and Moyle, 2004
Day, 1967b
EPA, 1999
EPA, 2000
EPA, 2001a
EPA, 2008
Fairey et al., 2002
GBIF
Kudenov, 1983
Lana et al., 2006
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Light et al., 2005
Light, 1978
Markmann, 1986
NEMESIS
Olenin and Didžiulis, 2009
Olenin et al.
Orensanz et al., 2002
Ruiz et al., 2000
Siegfried et al., 1980
Streftaris et al., 2005
T N & Associates, 2002
Thompson et al., 2000
Welch and Ruff, 2008
Bonamia ostreae
#Master Comment
CANOD, 2009
Culloty and Mulcahy, 2007
DAISIE
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Olenin and Didžiulis, 2009
1795

Ruiz et al., 2000
Streftaris et al., 2005
Torchin and Kuris, 2005
Zenetos et al., 2010
Bonnemaisonia hamifera
#Master Comment
AlgaeBase
DAISIE
Funahashi, 1973
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Maclellan, 2005
Mathieson et al., 2008a
Norris and Bucher, 1976
Olenin et al.
Paavola et al., 2005
Ruiz et al., 2000
Streftaris et al., 2005
Zenetos et al., 2010
Boonea cincta
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Fairey et al., 2002
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Oldroyd, 1927
Shluker, 2003
Turgeon et al., 1998
Boreosignum wilsoni
#Master Comment
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
Fairey et al., 2002
Foss et al., 2007
Kensley and Schotte, 1989
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
OBIS
WoRMS
Bostrichobranchus pilularis
#Master Comment
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Crooks, 1998a
GBIF
Lambert and Lambert, 1998
Lambert and Lambert, 2003
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Ruiz et al., 2000
Van Name, 1921
Van Name, 1945
WoRMS
Bostrycapulus calyptraeiformis
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Collin, 2005
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
OBIS
Bothriocephalus acheilognathi
#Master Comment
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
DAISIE
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Shluker, 2003
USGS-NAS
Botrylloides diegensis
#Master Comment
Berman et al., 1992
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Carlton, 1989
Carlton, 2009
Cohen
Cohen et al., 2005a
Dept. of Navy, 2000
deRivera et al., 2007
Fairey et al., 2002
GBIF
Lambert and Lambert, 1998
Lambert and Lambert, 2003
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Lutaenko, 2010
OBIS
Ruiz et al., 2000
Van Name, 1945
WoRMS
Botrylloides perspicuus
#Master Comment
Abbott et al., 2007
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Cohen, 2006
Cohen et al., 2002
deRivera et al., 2007
Fairey et al., 2002
GBIF
Goodbody, 2000
Goodbody, 2004
Kott, 2005
Lambert and Lambert, 2003
Lambert, 2003a
Lambert, 2003b
1796

Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Liu, 2008
Monniot and Monniot, 2001
Rocha and Costa, 2005
Sanamyan and Sanamyan, 1999
Sanamyan and Schories, 2004
Zongguo, 2001
Botrylloides simodensis
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Cohen, 1998
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Hirose et al., 1995
Lambert, 2003b
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Saito and Okuyama, 2003
WoRMS
Botrylloides sp. (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009)
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Botrylloides sp. A Lambert (CANOD, 2009)
CANOD, 2009
Botrylloides violaceus
Abbott et al., 2007
Bookheim and Berry, 1999
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
Callahan et al., 2010
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 2003
Carman et al., 2009
Cohen et al., 2001a
Cohen
Cohen, 2004b
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen et al., 2002
Cohen et al., 1998
DAISIE
deRivera et al., 2007
Dijkstra et al., 2007
Epelbaum et al., 2009
Fairey et al., 2002
GBIF
Gittenberger, 2007
Hewitt, 1993
Hines et al., 2000b
Kerckhof et al., 2007
Lambert and Lambert, 2003
Lambert, 2003a
Lambert and Sanamyan, 2001
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Liu, 2008
Locke, 2009
Maclellan, 2005
Meacham, 2001
Mills, 2001a
OBIS
PICES Working Group 21, 2009
PICES Working Group 21, 2010
Rho and Park, 1998
Rocha et al., 2009
Ruiz et al., 2000
Ruiz et al., 2006
Saito and Okuyama, 2003
Sanamyan, 2000
Soule et al., 2007
Streftaris et al., 2005
Wasson et al., 2002
Wasson et al., 2001
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
WoRMS
Zenetos et al., 2010
Zongguo, 2001
Botryllus schlosseri
#Master Comment
Abbott et al., 2007
Abdul et al., 2009
Ali et al., 2009
Ben-Shlomo et al., 2001
Ben-Shlomo et al., 2010
Berrill, 1932
Bookheim and Berry, 1999
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
Callahan et al., 2010
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 2003
Carman et al., 2011
Carman et al., 2009
Carman et al., 2010
Clarke et al., 2004
Cohen et al., 2001a
Cohen
Cohen, 2004b
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen et al., 2002
Cohen et al., 1998
Crooks, 1998a
Dept. Env. Water Heritage and Arts
Aus. 2008
Dept. of Navy, 2000
deRivera et al., 2007
Dijkstra et al., 2007
Emara and Belal, 2004
1797

Epelbaum et al., 2009
Fairey et al., 2002
GBIF
Griffiths et al., 2009
Haupt et al., 2010
Hewitt, 1993
Lambert and Lambert, 1998
Lambert and Lambert, 2003
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Liu, 2008
Locke, 2009
Maclellan, 2005
MarLIN
Meacham, 2001
Mead et al., 2011
Mills, 2001a
NEMESIS
NIMPIS, 2002v
NIMPIS
OBIS
Orensanz et al., 2002
Paz et al., 2003
PICES Working Group 21, 2010
Primo and Vazquez, 2008
Ramadan et al., 2006
Rocha et al., 2009
Ruiz et al., 2000
Ruiz et al., 2006
Saito and Okuyama, 2003
Smithsonian-Fort Pierce
Soule et al., 2007
Van Name, 1945
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
WoRMS
Zongguo, 2001
Botryllus sp. (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009)
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Botryllus sp. A Lambert (CANOD, 2009)
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen et al., 2002
Bougainvillia muscus
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
Bravo et al., 2011
Brinckmann-Voss, 1996
Calder, 1993
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Chaplygina, 2006
Chapman and Carlton, 1991
Çinar et al., 2008
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen et al., 1998
Devaney and Eldredge, 1977
Gaonkar et al., 2010
GBIF
Hayes et al., 2005
Hirohito, 1988
Inglis et al., 2006b
Kashin et al., 2000
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Light et al., 2005
Meacham, 2001
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Miglietta et al., 2008
Mills, 1998
Mills, 2001a
Mills et al., 2007
OBIS
Petrova and Dautova, 2008
Tasmanian Planning Commission, 2009
Vervoort, 2006
WoRMS
Zvyagintsev et al., 2004
Boveria teredinidi
#Master Comment
bioSearch, 2009
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Hillman, 1979
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Ruiz et al., 2000
Bowerbankia gracilis Cmplx
#Master Comment
ArcOD
Barnhart et al., 1992
Bishop Museum, 2000
Bookheim and Berry, 1999
Boyd et al., 2002
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1989
1798

Carlton, 2003
Carlton and Cohen, 1998
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Carlton et al., 2003
Cohen et al., 2001a
Cohen, 2004b
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen et al., 1998
Cranfield et al., 1998a
Creary and Webber, 2009
DAISIE
EPA, 1999
EPA, 2000
EPA, 2008
Fairey et al., 2002
Farrapeira et al., 2009
GBIF
Gordon, 2009
Hewitt, 1993
Kashin et al., 2003
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Liu, 2008
Maclellan, 2005
McCann et al., 2007
Meacham, 2001
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Mills, 2001a
Minchin and Eno, 2002
Novosel and Požar-Domac, 2001
OBIS
Osburn, 1947
Osburn, 1953
Pederson et al., 2005
Ramalho and Muricy, 2004
Ruiz et al., 2000
SCAMIT, 2008a
Shluker, 2003
Soule et al., 2007
T N & Associates, 2002
Tasmanian Planning Commission, 2009
Teacă et al., 2006
Thompson et al., 2000
Wasson et al., 2002
Wasson et al., 2001
WDFW, 1998
Winston, 1977
Winston and Maturo, 2009
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
Zongguo, 2001
Zvyagintsev, 2003
Zvyagintsev et al., 2009
Bowerbankia imbricata
#Master Comment
Aladin et al., 2006a
ArcOD
Bishop Museum, 2000
CANOD, 2009
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Cranfield et al., 1998a
GBIF
Gordon, 2009
Hayward and McKinney, 2002
Johnston et al., 2002
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Maclellan, 2005
Meadows and Kane, 2006
OBIS
Osburn, 1953
Pederson et al., 2005
Shluker, 2003
Tasmanian Planning Commission, 2009
Winston, 1977
Brachydeutera ibari
#Master Comment
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Englund et al., 2000a
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Mathis and Ghorpade, 1985
Branchiomma bairdi
Capa and Lopez, 2004
Çinar, 2009
GBIF
Katsanevakis et al., 2009
Tovar-Hernández et al., 2009b
Zenetos et al., 2010
Branchiomma japonica
#Master Comment
Biodiversity Research Museum
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Coles et al., 2002a
Coles et al., 1999a
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Brevicirrosyllis weismanni
#Master Comment
Abd-Elnaby, 2009b
Boggemann et al., 2003
Day and Hutchings, 1979
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Musco and Giangrande, 2005
Nelson et al., 2007
1799

OBIS
San Martín et al., 2009
Swartz et al., 2002
Uebelacker and Johnson, 1984
Wehe and Fiege, 2002
WoRMS
Bruguiera sexangula
#Master Comment
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
GBIF
IUCN, 2010
Lin and Huang, 2007
OBIS
Western Australian Herbarium
Bryopsis sp. (Cohen and Carlton, 1995)
#Master Comment
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Ruiz et al., 2000
Silva, 1979
Buchnerillo sp. (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009)
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Bugula californica
Bishop Museum, 2000
Brusca and Hendrickx
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
CDF
Chavanich et al., 2010
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Dept. of Navy, 2000
deRivera et al., 2007
Fairey et al., 2002
GBIF
Hewitt, 1993
Houck et al., 1997
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Long and Rucker, 1969
Morris et al., 1980
Osburn, 1950
Otani, 2006
Seo and Lee, 2008
Soule et al., 2007
Wasson et al., 2002
Zvyagintsev, 2003
Bugula dentata
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
Branch et al., 2007
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Coles et al., 2003
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Mead et al., 2011
Meadows and Kane, 2006
OBIS
Pollard and Pethebridge, 2002a
Ramalho et al., 2005
Riddell, 1980
Seo and Min, 2009
Shluker, 2003
Winston, 1986
Bugula flabellata
#Master Comment
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Cohen et al., 2002
Cranfield et al., 1998a
Dyrynda and Ryland, 1982
GBIF
Gordon, 2009
Hewitt et al., 2004
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Liu, 2008
Ma et al., 2008
MarLIN
McCauley, 1972
Mead et al., 2011
Novosel and Požar-Domac, 2001
OBIS
Orensanz et al., 2002
Osburn, 1912
Osburn, 1947
Osburn, 1950
Pollard and Hutchings, 1990
Robertson, 1905
Tasmanian Planning Commission, 2009
Valdivia et al., 2005
Winston, 1977
WoRMS
Zongguo, 2001
Bugula fulva
#Master Comment
deRivera et al., 2007
Hayward and McKinney, 2002
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Martínez and Adarraga, 2008
Maturo, 1966
Novosel and Požar-Domac, 2001
1800

OBIS
Pierri et al., 2010
Zenetos et al., 2010
Bugula minima
#Master Comment
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Coles et al., 2002a
GBIF
OBIS
Shluker, 2003
Winston and Woollacott, 2008
Bugula neritina Cmplx
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
Boyd et al., 2002
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
Cangussu et al., 2010
Carlton, 1979
Carlton, 2003
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Carlton et al., 2003
Chavanich et al., 2003
Chavanich et al., 2010
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen et al., 2002
Coles et al., 2002a
Coles et al., 1997
Coles et al., 1999a
Coles et al., 2003
Cranfield et al., 1998a
Creary and Webber, 2009
Crooks, 1998a
DAISIE
Dept. of Navy, 2000
deRivera et al., 2007
Emara and Belal, 2004
EPA, 2008
Fairey et al., 2002
Gaonkar et al., 2010
GBIF
GISD
Gordon, 2009
Hayward, 1981
Hewitt, 1993
Hewitt et al., 2004
Ignacio et al., 2010
Kerckhof et al., 2007
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Lenihan et al., 1990
Li et al., 2010
Liu, 2008
Long and Rucker, 1969
Ma et al., 2008
Mackie et al., 2006
Maclellan, 2005
Mead et al., 2011
Meadows and Kane, 2006
NIMPIS
Novosel and Požar-Domac, 2001
OBIS
Orensanz et al., 2002
Osburn, 1950
PICES Working Group 21, 2009
PICES Working Group 21, 2010
Ramadan et al., 2006
Ramalho and Muricy, 2004
Ruiz et al., 2000
SCAMIT, 2008a
SeaLifeBase
Seo and Lee, 2008
Shluker, 2003
Smithsonian-Fort Pierce
Soule et al., 2007
Streftaris et al., 2005
Wasson et al., 2002
Wasson et al., 2001
Winston, 1977
Winston and Maturo, 2009
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
Zongguo, 2001
Zongguo et al., 1999
Bugula sp. 1 (Cohen et al., 1998)
#Master Comment
Cohen et al., 1998
deRivera et al., 2007
Hines and Ruiz, 2000a
Meacham, 2001
Mills, 2001a
Bugula sp. 2 (Cohen et al., 1998)
#Master Comment
Cohen et al., 1998
Hines and Ruiz, 2000a
Meacham, 2001
Mills, 2001a
Bugula stolonifera
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
Bookheim and Berry, 1999
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
Cangussu et al., 2010
1801

CANOD, 2009
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Clarke et al., 2004
Cohen, 2004b
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen et al., 1998
Coles et al., 1999a
Cranfield et al., 1998a
DAISIE
deRivera et al., 2007
Emara and Belal, 2004
Gaonkar et al., 2010
GBIF
Gollasch et al., 2009
Gordon, 2009
Hao et al., 2005
Kerckhof et al., 2007
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Liu, 2008
Maclellan, 2005
Meacham, 2001
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Mills, 2001a
Novosel and Požar-Domac, 2001
OBIS
Orensanz et al., 2002
Pederson et al., 2005
Pollard and Pethebridge, 2002a
Ramalho and Muricy, 2004
Ruiz et al., 2000
Scholz et al., 2003
Shluker, 2003
Smithsonian-Fort Pierce
Soule et al., 2007
Tasmanian Planning Commission, 2009
USGS-NAS
Wasson et al., 2002
Wasson et al., 2001
WDNR, 1998
Winston, 1977
Winston and Maturo, 2009
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
Zongguo, 2001
Zongguo et al., 1999
Bunodeopsis sp. A (Engle and Richards,
2001)
#Master Comment
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Cohen et al., 2002
Crooks, 1998a
Dept. of Navy, 2000
Engle and Richards, 2001
EPA, 2008
Fairey et al., 2002
Ranasinghe et al., 2005
SCAMIT, 1998
Talley et al., 2000
Williams, 2007c
Busycotypus canaliculatus
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1969
Carlton, 1979
Carlton, 1992
Carlton, 1999a
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
EPA, 2000
GBIF
Malacolog
Meehan et al., 1989
Nichols and Pamatamat, 1988
OBIS
Ruiz et al., 2000
Turgeon et al., 1988
Caberea boryi
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
Bock
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Dept. Env. Water Heritage and Arts
Aus. 2008
Dhondt, 1988
GBIF
Gluhak et al., 2007
Hayward and McKinney, 2002
Kozloff, 1996
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Migotto and Winston, 2005
OBIS
Seo and Min, 2009
Caecijaera horvathi
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
Brusca et al., 2001
Carlton, 1979
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Espinosa-Pérez and Hendrickx, 2006
GBIF
Kensley, 2001
1802

Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Menzies, 1951b
Ruiz et al., 2000
Shluker, 2003
WoRMS
Caligus sclerotinosus
#Master Comment
GBIF
Ho et al., 2004
Maran and Ohtsuka, 2008
Walter and Boxshall
Callinectes sapidus
Bishop Museum, 2000
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen and Carlton, 1997
DAISIE
Eldredge and DeFelice, 2002
GBIF
Hasegawa, 1992
Iwasaki, 2006
Iwasaki et al., 2004b
Jamieson et al., 1998
Kerckhof et al., 2007
Meadows and Kane, 2006
MEI, 2008
Muraoka and Taguchi, 1992
Nabeshima, 2007
Olenin et al.
Otani, 2006
Shimura et al., 2007
Shluker, 2003
Smithsonian-Fort Pierce
Streftaris et al., 2005
Visser et al., 2004
WoRMS
Zenetos et al., 2010
Callithamnion corymbosum
#Master Comment
AlgaeBase
GBIF
Hansen, 2008
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
OBIS
Oh et al., 1990
Yamagishi and Miwa, 2008
Caloria indica
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
CIESM, 2006
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Nudi Pixel
OBIS
Rudman, 1999
Streftaris et al., 2005
Zenetos et al., 2010
Camallanus cotti
#Master Comment
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Moravec and Justine, 2006
Canaceoides angulatus
#Master Comment
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
CDF
Englund et al., 2000a
GBIF
Munari and Mathis, 2010
Wirth, 1969
Caprella danilevskii
#Master Comment
Aquenal Pty. Ltd., 2002
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Díaz et al., 2005
Eldredge and DeFelice, 2002
GBIF
Guerra-Garcia et al., 2006
Guerra-Garcia and Takeuchi, 2002
OBIS
Winfield et al., 2006
Caprella drepanochir
#Master Comment
ArcOD
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Chapman, 2009
EPA, 1999
EPA, 2002a
EPA, 2008
Fairey et al., 2002
Liu, 2008
OBIS
PICES Working Group 21, 2010
T N & Associates, 2002
Thiel and Gutow, 2003
Vassilenko, 2006
Watling and Carlton, 2007
Caprella equilibra
1803

#Master Comment
Barnhart et al., 1992
Boyd et al., 2002
Brusca and Hendrickx
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Chapman, 2009
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Dept. of Navy, 2000
Díaz et al., 2005
Doi et al., 2011
Eldredge and DeFelice, 2002
EPA, 2008
Fairey et al., 2002
GBIF
Guerra-Garcıa, 2004
Jarrin, 2007
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Lee et al., 2003a
Maclellan, 2005
Mead et al., 2011
Meadows and Kane, 2006
MSIP
Neves and da Rocha, 2008
OBIS
Ramadan et al., 2006
Robinson et al., 2005
SCAMIT, 2008a
Thompson et al., 2000
Wasson et al., 2002
Watling and Carlton, 2007
Caprella mutica
Ashton et al., 2008
Ashton et al., 2007
Bookheim and Berry, 1999
Boyd et al., 2002
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Carlton, 2003
Carlton et al., 2003
Carlton et al., 1990
Chapman, 2009
Coan and Valentich-Scott, 2007
Cohen et al., 2001a
Cohen, 1998
Cohen, 2004b
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen et al., 2002
Cohen et al., 1998
Cook et al., 2010
Cook et al., 2007a
DAISIE
EPA, 2008
Fairey et al., 2002
Frey et al., 2009
GBIF
Kerckhof et al., 2007
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Maclellan, 2005
Meacham, 2001
Mills, 2001a
Minchin and Holmes, 2007
PICES Working Group 21, 2010
Ruiz et al., 2000
SCAMIT, 2008a
Streftaris et al., 2005
Vassilenko, 2006
Wasson et al., 2002
Wasson et al., 2001
Watling and Carlton, 2007
WDNR, 1998
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
Caprella penantis
#Master Comment
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2008
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Chapman, 2009
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
deRivera et al., 2007
Díaz et al., 2005
Doi et al., 2011
Eldredge and DeFelice, 2002
Fairey et al., 2002
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Liu, 2008
Maclellan, 2005
Meadows and Kane, 2006
OBIS
Robinson et al., 2005
Ruiz et al., 2000
SCAMIT, 2008a
Shluker, 2003
1804

Vassilenko, 2006
Wasson et al., 2002
Watling and Carlton, 2007
WoRMS
Zongguo, 2001
Caprella scaura
#Master Comment
Ashton, 2010
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Chapman, 2009
Doi et al., 2011
Eldredge and DeFelice, 2002
Fairey et al., 2002
Foster et al., 2004
GBIF
Guerra-Garcia, 2003
Guerra-Garcıa, 2004
Guerra-Garcia and Takeuchi, 2003
Guerra-García et al., 2011
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Liu, 2008
Martínez and Adarraga, 2008
McCann et al., 2007
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Neves and da Rocha, 2008
OBIS
Occhipinti-Ambrogi, 2000
Ruiz et al., 2011
Shluker, 2003
Streftaris et al., 2005
Takeuchi, 1999
Thiel et al., 2003
Wasson et al., 2002
Watling and Carlton, 2007
WoRMS
Zenetos et al., 2010
Caprella simia
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Chapman, 2009
Cohen et al., 2002
Cohen et al., 2005b
Foss, 2011
Liu, 2008
Takeuchi, 1999
Watling and Carlton, 2007
Zongguo, 2001
Carcinus aestuarii
#Master Comment
Asakura, 1992
Carlton and Cohen, 2003
Chavanich et al., 2010
Chen et al., 2003
Chen et al., 2004
Furota and Kinoshita, 2004
Furota et al., 2008
Furota et al., 1999
GBIF
Geller et al., 1997
Iwasaki, 2006
Iwasaki et al., 2004b
Iwasaki et al., 2004a
Kimura et al., 2004
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
MEI, 2008
Muraoka, 1996b
Nabeshima, 2007
Otani, 2006
Roman and Palumb, 2004
Sakai, 1986
Shimura et al., 2007
Washitani, 2004
Watanabe, 1997
Yamada and Hauck, 2001
Carcinus maenas
#Master Comment
Behrens Yamada, 2005
Bishop Museum, 2000
Boyd et al., 2002
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Carlton, 2003
Carlton and Cohen, 1998
Carlton and Cohen, 2003
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Carlton et al., 2003
Carr and Dumbauld, 2000
Castillo, 2000
Chew, 1998b
Chew, 1998a
Clarke et al., 2004
Cohen, 2004b
Cohen, 2004c
Cohen, 2004a
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen and Carlton, 1997
Cohen et al., 1995
1805

Crooks, 1998b
Darling et al., 2008
Eldredge and DeFelice, 2002
Elston, 1997
Emara and Belal, 2004
EPA, 2000
GBIF
Gillespie et al., 2007
Grosholz and Ruiz, 1995
Grosholz et al., 2000
Hidalgo et al., 2005
Hunt and Behrens Yamada, 2003
Jamieson et al., 2002
Jamieson et al., 1998
Jensen et al., 2002
Kuris et al., 2007
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Maclellan, 2005
Meacham, 2001
Mead et al., 2011
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Miller, 1996
NIMPIS, 2002k
Otani, 2006
PICES Working Group 21, 2010
Poore, 1996
Robinson et al., 2005
Ruiz et al., 2000
Seo and Lee, 2008
Shimura et al., 2007
Shluker, 2003
Wasson et al., 2002
Wasson et al., 2001
WDFW, 1998
Wicksten, 2008
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
WoRMS
Yamada and Hauck, 2001
Yamada and Hunt, 2000
Yamada et al., 2001
Zvyagintsev, 2003
Carijoa riisei
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
Cangussu et al., 2010
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Coles et al., 2002a
Coles et al., 1999a
Concepcion et al., 2010
GBIF
GISD
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Meadows and Kane, 2006
OBIS
See et al., 2009
Shimura et al., 2007
Shluker, 2003
Cassiopea andromeda
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Çevik et al., 2006
GBIF
Holland et al., 2004
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Meadows and Kane, 2006
OBIS
Shluker, 2003
Streftaris et al., 2005
WoRMS
Zenetos et al., 2010
Cassiopea sp. 3 (Holland et al., 2004)
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Holland et al., 2004
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Catriona rickettsi
#Master Comment
Behrens, 2004
Behrens and Hermosillo, 2005
Bertsch et al., 2000
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Cohen, 1998
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Crooks, 1998a
Fairey et al., 2002
Gosliner, 1995
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
McDonald, 2007
Ruiz et al., 2000
Turgeon et al., 1998
Caulacanthus ustulatus
#Master Comment
AlgaeBase
Boyd et al., 2002
CANOD, 2009
GBIF
Horikoshi and Okamoto, 2007b
1806

Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Liu, 2008
Masuda et al., 1999
Miller, 2004b
OBIS
Ritter et al., 2008
Ruiz et al., 2006
Streftaris et al., 2005
Zenetos et al., 2010
Zuccarello et al., 2002
Caulerpa taxifolia
#Master Comment
AlgaeBase
Boyd et al., 2002
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
DAISIE
Fairey et al., 2002
Fraidenburg, 2002
GBIF
GISD
Iwasaki, 2006
Iwasaki et al., 2004b
Kimura et al., 2004
Komatsu et al., 2003
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Liu, 2008
Mayakun and Prathep, 2005
Meacham, 2001
NIMPIS, 2002a
NIMPIS, 2002t
NIMPIS
OBIS
Otani, 2006
Shimura et al., 2007
Streftaris et al., 2005
Zenetos et al., 2010
Zongguo, 2001
Caulibugula caliculata
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Cohen, 1998
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Shluker, 2003
Caulibugula dendrograpta
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Coles et al., 2002a
Cubit and Williams, 1983
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Lira et al., 2010
Maturo, 1966
Meadows and Kane, 2006
OBIS
Shluker, 2003
Caulleriella acicula
Day, 1967b
GBIF
Nelson et al., 2007
OBIS
Cecina manchurica
Bogatov, 2000
Carlton, 1979
Carlton, 1992
Carlton, 1999a
Cohen, 2004b
Gillespie et al., 1999
Gul’bin, 2004
Meacham, 2001
Mills, 2001a
Morrison, 1962
Prozorova, 2003
Turgeon et al., 1988
WDFW, 1998
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
Centromedon pumilus
#Master Comment
ArcOD
Budnikova, 1994
Cross et al., 1987a
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
OBIS
Vader, 1998
WoRMS
Zvyagintsev et al., 2011
Centropyge flavissima
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Coles et al., 2002a
FishBase, 2009
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Shluker, 2003
Cephaloidophora communis
#Master Comment
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
1807

Lacombe et al., 2002
NEAT, 1997
Cephalopholis argus
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
FishBase, 2009
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Shluker, 2003
Ceramium cimbricum
#Master Comment
AlgaeBase
Atlas of Living Australia
Chapman and Therriault, 2010
CDF
Cho et al., 2002
GBIF
Gittenberger et al., 2010
Hansen, 2000
Kozhenkova, 2009
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Mateo-Cid et al., 2006
Mathieson et al., 2008b
Mineura et al., 2007
OBIS
PICES Working Group 21, 2009
PICES Working Group 21, 2010
Silva et al., 1996
Titlyanov et al., 2006
Ceramium giacconei
#Master Comment
AlgaeBase
Cho et al., 2003
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Ceramium kondoi
#Master Comment
Cho et al., 2002
Ivanova et al., 2009
Kozhenkova, 2009
PICES Working Group 21, 2010
Yang et al., 2008
Ceramium sinicola
#Master Comment
AlgaeBase
Hines et al., 2000b
Ruiz et al., 2000
Cercaria batillariae
#Master Comment
CANOD, 2009
Miura et al., 2006
Torchin et al., 2005
Wasson et al., 2002
Wasson et al., 2001
Cercyon fimbriatum
#Master Comment
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
White and Nelson, 2007
Ceropsilopa coquilletti
#Master Comment
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Dept. of Navy, 2000
Englund et al., 2000a
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Mathis, 1997
McCreadie and Adler, 2000
Chaetogaster diaphanus
#Master Comment
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Capraz and Arslan, 2005
Cook and Brinkhurst, 1973
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Lee et al., 2003a
Martinez-Ansemil and Giani, 1987
OBIS
Ohtaka and Nishino, 1995
Sytsma et al., 2004a
Thompson et al., 2000
Wetzel et al., 2007
Chaetopterus variopedatus Cmplx
#Master Comment
Blake and Ruff, 2007
Carlton, 1979
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Coles et al., 2002a
Coles et al., 1999a
Dept. of Navy, 2000
EPA, 2008
Osborn et al., 2007
Reish, 1964c
SCAMIT, 2008a
WADOE, 2002
Welch, 2006a
Zedler et al., 1992
Chalinula loosanoffi
1808

California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Fairey et al., 2002
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Lee et al., 2007a
Light et al., 2005
Ruiz et al., 2000
Soest et al., 2007
Streftaris et al., 2005
Wasson et al., 2002
Wasson et al., 2001
Zenetos et al., 2005a
Chama fibula
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Coles et al., 2002a
Coles et al., 1997
Coles et al., 1999a
Eldredge and DeFelice, 2002
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Neil et al., 2002
OBIS Indo-Pacific Molluscan Database,
2006
Paulay, 2003
Paulay et al., 2002
Shluker, 2003
Slack-Smith and Bryce, 2004
WoRMS
Chama lazarus
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Coles et al., 1997
Coles et al., 1999a
Eldredge and DeFelice, 2002
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Meadows and Kane, 2006
OBIS
Paulay, 1996
Paulay, 2003
Paulay et al., 2002
Shluker, 2003
Slack-Smith and Bryce, 2004
Taylor and Glover, 2004
WoRMS
Chama macerophylla
#Master Comment
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Coles et al., 2002a
Eldredge and Smith, 2001
GBIF
Godwin et al., 2005
Jaxshells, 2008
Malacolog
OBIS
Paulay, 2003
Paulay et al., 2002
WoRMS
Chama pacifica
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Coles et al., 1997
Coles et al., 1999a
Coles et al., 2003
Eldredge and DeFelice, 2002
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Neil et al., 2002
OBIS Indo-Pacific Molluscan Database,
2006
Paulay, 1996
Paulay, 2003
Russell and Hewitt, 2000
Shluker, 2003
Slack-Smith and Bryce, 2004
Streftaris et al., 2005
Taylor and Glover, 2004
WoRMS
Zenetos et al., 2005a
Zenetos et al., 2010
Cheiriphotis megacheles
#Master Comment
Barnard, 1979a
Chapman, 2007
Chapman, 2009
GBIF
Imbach, 1967
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Lowry, 2000
Nair et al., 1983
Nayar, 1965
OBIS
Sá et al., 2007
SCAMIT, 2008a
1809

Shin et al., 2004
Valério-Berardo et al., 2000
WoRMS
Chelura terebrans
#Master Comment
Benson et al., 2001
Boyd et al., 2002
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Cartes et al., 2009
Chapman, 2009
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen et al., 2002
Dept. Env. Water Heritage and Arts
Aus. 2008
EPA, 2008
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Meacham, 2001
Mead et al., 2011
Robinson et al., 2005
Ruiz et al., 2000
SCAMIT, 2008a
Tasmanian Planning Commission, 2009
USGS-NAS
WDFW, 1998
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
Chroodactylon ornatum
#Master Comment
AlgaeBase
Conides et al., 1999
GBIF
Hansen, 1997
Hines et al., 2000b
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Liu, 2008
Lobban and Tsuda, 2003
Ruiz et al., 2000
Ruiz et al., 2006
USGS-NAS
Zongguo, 2001
Chrysallida trachis
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Chrysiptera taupou
#Master Comment
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
OBIS
Chthamalus proteus
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Coles et al., 2002a
Coles et al., 1997
Coles et al., 1999a
Farrapeira, 2008
GBIF
GISD
Godwin, 2003
Kado, 2003
Meadows and Kane, 2006
OBIS
Paulay and Ross, 2003
Paulay et al., 2002
See et al., 2009
Shluker, 2003
Southward et al., 1998
Zabin et al., 2007
Zardus and Hadfield, 2005
Ciona intestinalis
Abbott et al., 2007
ArcOD
Bishop Museum, 2000
Boyd et al., 2002
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Carman et al., 2009
Chapman and Carlton, 1991
Chavanich et al., 2010
Chen et al., 2006a
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen et al., 2002
Crooks, 1998a
Dept. of Navy, 2000
deRivera et al., 2007
Emara and Belal, 2004
EPA, 2008
Fairey et al., 2002
GBIF
Griffiths et al., 2009
Haupt et al., 2010
Hayward, 1997
Huang et al., 1992
1810

Lambert and Lambert, 1998
Lambert and Lambert, 2003
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Lenihan et al., 1990
Liu, 2008
Locke, 2009
Maclellan, 2005
MarLIN
Meacham, 2001
Mead et al., 2011
Meadows and Kane, 2006
NIMPIS
Orensanz et al., 2002
Otani, 2006
PICES Working Group 21, 2009
Primo and Vazquez, 2008
Ramadan et al., 2006
Rho and Park, 1998
Ritter, 1913
Rocha and Costa, 2005
Rocha et al., 2009
Ruiz et al., 2000
SCAMIT, 2008a
SeaLifeBase
Sejr et al., 2000
Seo and Lee, 2008
Shimura et al., 2007
Shluker, 2003
Tasmanian Planning Commission, 2009
Therriault and Herborg, 2008
UNDP/GEF, 2007
USGS-NAS
WADOE, 2002
WDFW, 1998
Zongguo, 2001
Zvyagintsev et al., 2007a
Ciona savignyi
#Master Comment
Abbott et al., 2007
Bookheim and Berry, 1999
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Cohen, 1998
Cohen, 2004b
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen et al., 2002
Cohen et al., 1998
Crooks, 1998a
Dept. of Navy, 2000
deRivera et al., 2007
Fairey et al., 2002
GBIF
Lambert and Lambert, 1998
Lambert and Lambert, 2003
Lambert, 2003a
Lambert, 2003b
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Meacham, 2001
Mills, 2001a
Ruiz et al., 2000
SCAMIT, 2008a
Smith et al., 2010
Soule et al., 2007
WDNR, 1998
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
Zvyagintsev et al., 2011
Zvyagintsev et al., 2007a
Cladonema pacificum
#Master Comment
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 2007
Carlton et al., 1990
Cohen, 1998
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Hirohito, 1988
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Miglietta et al., 2008
Nakaoka et al., 2001
Petrova and Dautova, 2008
Rees, 1982
Ruiz et al., 2000
Cladonema radiatum
#Master Comment
ArcOD
Bishop Museum, 2000
Calder, 1993
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Cohen, 2004b
Cohen et al., 1998
GBIF
Hirai, 1958
Light et al., 2005
Liu, 2008
Meacham, 2001
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Migotto et al., 2002
Mills, 1998
Mills, 2001a
Mills et al., 2007
1811

Raghu Prasad et al., 1961
Rees, 1982
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
WoRMS
Zongguo, 2001
Clarias batrachus
#Master Comment
FAO FishFinder
FishBase, 2009
GBIF
GISD
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Mito and Uesugi, 2004
Ng and Kottelat, 2008
Seo and Lee, 2008
Smithsonian-Fort Pierce
Clasiopella uncinata
#Master Comment
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
CDF
Cheng and Mathis, 2003
Englund et al., 2000a
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Mathis, 1994
Mathis, 1997
Clathria prolifera
#Master Comment
Boyd et al., 2002
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Cohen et al., 2001a
Cohen
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
GBIF
Lee et al., 2007b
Lee et al., 2007a
Light et al., 2005
Meacham, 2001
Ruiz et al., 2000
Sytsma et al., 2004a
WDFW, 1998
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
WoRMS
Zongguo, 2001
Clava multicornis
#Master Comment
ArcOD
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Carlton, 2003
Carlton, 2007
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Fairey et al., 2002
Fraser, 1937
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Liu, 2008
Mills et al., 2007
Ruiz et al., 2000
WoRMS
Claviceps purpurea var. spartinae
#Master Comment
CANOD, 2009
Cliona thoosina
#Master Comment
Hines et al., 2000b
Ponti et al., 2011
Ruiz et al., 2006
Soest et al.
Voultsiadou, 2005a
Voultsiadou, 2005b
WoRMS
Clymenella torquata
Banse, 1981
Blake and Ruff, 2007
DAISIE
Davis, 2007
EPA, 2008
Garwood, 2007
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
OBIS
Streftaris et al., 2005
USGS-NAS
WADOE, 2002
Clytia hemisphaerica
#Master Comment
Bagaveeva et al., 1984
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
deRivera et al., 2007
Fraser, 1937
GBIF
Hines and Ruiz, 2000b
Kelmo and Attrill, 2003
Maclellan, 2005
Meadows and Kane, 2006
MSIP
1812

Neves and da Rocha, 2008
Paulay et al., 2002
Petrova and Dautova, 2008
Shluker, 2003
Tasmanian Planning Commission, 2009
Yan et al., 2009
Zvyagintsev, 2003
Zvyagintsev et al., 2011
Cnemidocarpa irene
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Cohen, 2006
GBIF
Lambert, 2002
Lambert, 2003b
Lambert, 2005
Locke, 2009
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Paulay et al., 2002
Rho and Park, 1998
Shluker, 2003
Codium fragile fragile
#Master Comment
AlgaeBase
Boyd et al., 2002
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton et al., 1990
Chavanich et al., 2003
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
DAISIE
Dromgoole and Foster, 1983
GBIF
Hines et al., 2000b
Josselyn and West, 1985
Kozhenkova, 2009
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Liu, 2008
Maclellan, 2005
Mathieson et al., 2008a
Meacham, 2001
Neill et al., 2005
Olenin et al.
Paavola et al., 2005
Ruiz et al., 2000
Streftaris et al., 2005
SWAT, 2003a
Trowbridge, 1991a
Trowbridge, 1991b
Trowbridge, 1992b
Trowbridge, 1993b
WDFW, 1998
Williams and Smith, 2007
Zenetos et al., 2010
Zongguo, 2001
Conidophrys pilisuctor
#Master Comment
Carlton, 1979
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Mayen-Estrada and Aladro-Lubel, 2004
Mohr and LeVeque, 1948
NEAT, 1997
Ruiz et al., 2000
Conocarpus erectus
Allen, 1998
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Duke et al., 1998
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Lin and Huang, 2007
Conopeum seurati
Cranfield et al., 1998a
DAISIE
deRivera et al., 2007
GBIF
Gordon, 2009
Inglis et al., 2006a
Kubanin, 1975
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Lu et al., 2007
Mead et al., 2011
Paavola et al., 2005
Scholz et al., 2003
Smithsonian-Fort Pierce
Winston, 1977
WoRMS
Wyatt et al., 2005
Zevina et al., 1975
Zvyagintsev, 2003
Zvyagintsev et al., 2004
Zvyagintsev et al., 2011
Conopeum tenuissimum
AMBS, 2002
Boyd et al., 2002
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Carlton, 1989
Carlton, 2003
1813

Cohen, 1998
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
deRivera et al., 2007
GBIF
Hewitt, 1993
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
OBIS
Ruiz et al., 2000
Soule et al., 2007
Wasson et al., 2002
Wasson et al., 2001
Winston, 1977
Winston and Maturo, 2009
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
Copula sivickisi
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Meadows and Kane, 2006
NMNH
OBIS
Shluker, 2003
Corbicula fluminea
#Master Comment
Alexandrov et al., 2007
Bishop Museum, 2000
Brzezinski and Holton, 1983
BSERP, 2007
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Carlton, 1992
Carlton et al., 1990
Coan and Valentich-Scott, 2007
Coan et al., 2000
Cohen, 2004c
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen and Carlton, 1997
Cohen and Moyle, 2004
Counts, 1986
DAISIE
Eldredge and DeFelice, 2002
EPA, 1999
EPA, 2000
EPA, 2001a
EPA, 2008
Fairey et al., 2002
Filice, 1958
GBIF
Gehrts et al., 2004b
Gillespie et al., 1999
Haertel and Osterberg, 1967
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Lee et al., 2003a
Markmann, 1986
Meacham, 2001
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Montagna et al., 2008
Nichols and Pamatamat, 1988
Nichols and Thompson, 1985b
Nichols et al., 1990
Nordby and Zedler, 1991
Peterson and Vayssieres, 2004
Poulton et al., 2004
Ruiz et al., 2000
Siegfried et al., 1980
Silva and Barros, 2011
Smithsonian-Fort Pierce
Streftaris et al., 2005
Sytsma et al., 2004a
T N & Associates, 2002
Thompson et al., 2000
Toft et al., 2002
Turgeon et al., 1988
USGS-NAS
Waldeck et al., 2003
WDFW, 1998
Zongguo, 2001
Corbula amurensis
Alpine and Cloern, 1992
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1989
Carlton, 1992
Carlton, 1999a
Carlton et al., 2003
Carlton et al., 1990
Coan et al., 2000
Cohen
Cohen, 1998
Cohen, 2004b
Cohen, 2004c
Cohen, 2004a
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen et al., 1995
Cordell and Morrison, 1996
Decho and Luoma, 1991
EPA, 2000
EPA, 2002a
1814

EPA, 2008
Fairey et al., 2002
GBIF
Gehrts et al., 2004b
Grosholz and Ruiz, 1995
Ivanova et al., 2009
Kimmerer et al., 2002
Kimmerer et al., 1994
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Lee et al., 2003a
Leung and Morton, 2003
Light et al., 2005
Liu, 2008
Meacham, 2001
Mecum, 2004
Nichols et al., 1990
OBIS
Poulton et al., 2004
Ruiz et al., 2000
Shimura et al., 2007
The Bay Institute, 2004
Thompson et al., 2000
Turgeon et al., 1988
Turgeon et al., 1998
Zongguo, 2001
Cordylophora caspia
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
Bookheim and Berry, 1999
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Carlton, 2003
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Chapman and Carlton, 1991
Cohen et al., 2001a
Cohen, 1998
Cohen, 2004b
Cohen, 2004c
Cohen, 2004a
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen and Moyle, 2004
Cohen et al., 1998
DAISIE
GBIF
Goulletquer et al., 2002
Haertel and Osterberg, 1967
Hayes et al., 2005
Hewitt, 1993
Kerckhof et al., 2007
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Liu, 2008
Lu et al., 2007
Maclellan, 2005
Markmann, 1986
Meacham, 2001
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Mills, 1998
Mills, 2001a
Mills and Rees, 2000
Mills and Sommer, 1995
Mills et al., 2007
Nehring, 2005
NIMPIS
Olenin et al.
Paavola et al., 2005
Ruiz et al., 2000
Siegfried et al., 1980
Streftaris et al., 2005
Sytsma et al., 2004a
Tasmanian Planning Commission, 2009
Waldeck et al., 2003
Wasson et al., 2002
Wasson et al., 2001
WDFW, 1998
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
Zenetos et al., 2010
Corella minuta
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Coles et al., 2002a
GBIF
Lambert, 2003b
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Meadows and Kane, 2006
OBIS
Shluker, 2003
Smithsonian Tropical Research, 2010
Van Name, 1921
Van Name, 1945
Corophium alienense
#Master Comment
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton et al., 1990
Chapman, 1988
Chapman, 2007
Chapman, 2009
Chapman and Carlton, 1991
1815

Cohen, 1998
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen et al., 2005a
EPA, 2000
EPA, 2002a
EPA, 2008
Gehrts et al., 2004b
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Lee et al., 2003a
Light et al., 2005
Ruiz et al., 2000
Thompson et al., 2000
Corophium heteroceratum
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Chapman, 2007
Chapman, 2009
Cohen, 1998
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Crooks, 1998a
Dept. of Navy, 2000
EPA, 1999
EPA, 2008
Fairey et al., 2002
Lee et al., 2003a
Ruiz et al., 2000
T N & Associates, 2002
Thompson et al., 2000
Zongguo, 1994
Zongguo, 2001
Corymorpha sp. (Cohen and Carlton, 1995)
#Master Comment
Cohen, 1998
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
EPA, 1999
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Ruiz et al., 2000
T N & Associates, 2002
Corynomorpha prismatica
#Master Comment
AlgaeBase
John et al., 1977
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Millar and Payri, 2006
OBIS
Western Australian Herbarium
Williams and Smith, 2007
Cothurnia limnoriae
#Master Comment
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
NEAT, 1997
OBIS
Ruiz et al., 2000
Crassostrea gigas
#Master Comment
Alexandrov et al., 2007
Ayres, 1991
Barnhart et al., 1992
Bishop Museum, 2000
Bookheim and Berry, 1999
Boyd et al., 2002
BSERP, 2007
Burreson et al., 2000
Byers, 1999
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carl and Guiguet, 1981
Carlton, 1979
Carlton, 1989
Carlton, 1992
Carlton, 1999a
Carlton, 2003
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Castanos et al., 2009
Chapman and Carlton, 1991
Chavanich et al., 2010
Chen et al., 2006a
Chew, 1998b
Chew, 1998a
Coan and Valentich-Scott, 2007
Coan et al., 2000
Cohen et al., 2001a
Cohen, 2004b
Cohen, 2004a
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen and Carlton, 1997
Cohen et al., 2002
Cohen et al., 1998
Coles et al., 2002a
Crooks, 1998b
Crooks, 1998a
DAISIE
deRivera et al., 2007
Eldredge and DeFelice, 2002
Elston, 1997
1816

Emmett et al., 1991
Everett et al., 1995
Fairey et al., 2002
Feist and Simenstad, 2000
Feldman et al., 2000
GBIF
Gillespie, 2007
Gillespie et al., 1999
Hayward, 1997
Hewitt, 1993
Hines et al., 2000b
Horikoshi and Okamoto, 2007b
Ivanova et al., 2009
Iwasaki, 2006
Jamieson et al., 1998
Kashin et al., 2000
Kerckhof et al., 2007
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Leppäkoski and Olenin, 2000
Liu, 2008
Lutaenko et al., 2006
Manahan, 1989
Meacham, 2001
Mead et al., 2011
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Melo et al., 2010
Mills, 2001a
NIMPIS, 2002c
NIMPIS
NWC, 2001
Olenin et al.
Orensanz et al., 2002
Paulay, 2003
Paulay et al., 2002
PICES Working Group 21, 2009
PICES Working Group 21, 2010
Quayle, 1960
Quayle, 1969
Quayle, 1971
Quayle, 1988
Ricketts et al., 1985
Riedel and Guardino, 2005
Ruesink et al., 2005
Ruiz et al., 2000
Shimura et al., 2007
Shluker, 2003
Simenstad and Fresh, 1995
Streftaris et al., 2005
Turgeon et al., 1988
UNDP/GEF, 2007
Visser et al., 2004
Wasson et al., 2001
WDFW, 1998
Williams, 1997
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
WoRMS
Zenetos et al., 2005a
Zenetos et al., 2010
Zipperer, 1996
Zvyagintsev, 2003
Zvyagintsev et al., 2004
Crassostrea virginica
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
Boyd et al., 2002
BSERP, 2007
Burreson et al., 2000
Byers, 1999
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carl and Guiguet, 1981
Carlton, 1969
Carlton, 1979
Carlton, 1992
Carlton, 1999a
Carlton, 2003
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Coan et al., 2000
Cohen, 2004b
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen and Carlton, 1997
Coles et al., 2002a
Coles et al., 1999a
Eldredge, 1994
Eldredge and DeFelice, 2002
Eldredge and Smith, 2001
Fairey et al., 2002
FAO FishFinder
Fasten, 1931
Feldman et al., 2000
GBIF
Gillespie, 2007
Gillespie et al., 1999
Iwasaki, 2006
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Leppäkoski and Olenin, 2000
Meacham, 2001
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Meehan et al., 1989
Olenin et al.
Quayle, 1960
1817

Ruesink et al., 2005
Shluker, 2003
Simenstad and Fresh, 1995
Streftaris et al., 2005
Turgeon et al., 1988
Wasson et al., 2002
Wasson et al., 2001
WDFW, 1998
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
Zenetos et al., 2005a
Zipperer, 1996
Crepidula convexa
Boyd et al., 2002
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Carlton, 1992
Carlton, 1999a
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Collin et al., 2006
Eernisse et al., 2007
EPA, 2000
EPA, 2008
Filice, 1958
GBIF
Gillespie et al., 1999
Hanna, 1966
Hendler and Franz,1971
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Malacolog
McGlashan et al., 2008
Meehan et al., 1989
Ruiz et al., 2000
Thompson et al., 2000
Turgeon et al., 1988
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
Crepidula fornicata
#Master Comment
Bookheim and Berry, 1999
Boyd et al., 2002
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Carlton, 1992
Carlton, 1999a
Coan and Valentich-Scott, 2007
Cohen et al., 2001a
Cohen, 2004b
Cohen et al., 1998
DAISIE
Dept. of Navy, 2000
Eernisse et al., 2007
GBIF
Hanna, 1966
Kerckhof et al., 2007
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Malacolog
MarLIN
McGlashan et al., 2008
Meacham, 2001
Mills, 2001a
OBIS
Olenin et al.
Paavola et al., 2005
SCAMIT, 2011
Shimura et al., 2007
Streftaris et al., 2005
Turgeon et al., 1988
WDFW, 1998
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
WoRMS
Zedler et al., 1992
Zenetos et al., 2010
Crepidula onyx
#Master Comment
Arakawa, 1980
Asai et al., 1997
Asakura, 1992
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Chavanich et al., 2010
City of San Diego, 2003
Collin et al., 2006
Davis et al., 2002
Dept. of Navy, 2000
Dexter, 1983
Ekawa, 1985
EPA, 1999
EPA, 2008
Fairey et al., 2002
Furota et al., 2008
GBIF
Higo, 1988
Higo et al., 1999
Horikoshi and Okamoto, 2007a
Iwasaki, 2006
Iwasaki et al., 2004b
Iwasaki et al., 2004a
Kimura et al., 2004
1818

Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Leung and Morton, 2003
Matsuoka et al., 1999
Nabeshima, 2007
Ohgaki, 2007
Otani, 2002
Otani, 2006
SCAMIT, 2008a
Seo and Lee, 2008
Shimura et al., 2007
T N & Associates, 2002
Takayama, 2001
Torigoe, 1986
Turgeon et al., 1998
USGS-NAS
Zedler et al., 1992
Zongguo, 2001
Crepidula plana
#Master Comment
Boyd et al., 2002
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Carlton, 1992
Carlton, 1999a
Cohen, 2004b
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen et al., 1998
Collin et al., 2006
Eernisse et al., 2007
GBIF
Hanna, 1966
Malacolog
McClean, 2007
Meacham, 2001
Meehan et al., 1989
Mills, 2001a
OBIS
Ruiz et al., 2000
Thompson et al., 2000
Turgeon et al., 1988
WDFW, 1998
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
Cricotopus bicinctus
#Master Comment
CANOD, 2009
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Markmann, 1986
Crocothemis servilia
#Master Comment
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Englund et al., 2000a
GBIF
IUCN, 2010
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Rodgers, 2010
Crucibulum spinosum
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton, 1999a
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
City of San Diego, 2003
Coles et al., 2002a
Coles et al., 1999a
Davis et al., 2002
Dept. of Navy, 2000
Eldredge and Smith, 2001
EPA, 2008
GBIF
Keen, 1971
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Nestler and Stebbins, 2003
OBIS
Paulay et al., 2002
Pro Esteros, 2001
SCAMIT, 2008a
Shluker, 2003
Turgeon et al., 1998
Crucigera websteri
Bastida-Zavala, 2008
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
OBIS
Ruiz et al., 2000
ten Hove and Kupriyanova, 2009
Treadwell, 1914
Wehe and Fiege, 2002
WoRMS
Cryptosula pallasiana
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
Bookheim and Berry, 1999
Boyd et al., 2002
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
Carlton, 1979
Carlton, 2003
1819

Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Clarke et al., 2004
Cohen et al., 2001a
Cohen, 2004b
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen et al., 2002
Cohen et al., 1998
Cranfield et al., 1998a
Crooks, 1998a
Dept. of Navy, 2000
deRivera et al., 2007
Fairey et al., 2002
GBIF
Gordon, 2009
Hayward and McKinney, 2002
Hewitt, 1993
Hines et al., 2000b
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Li et al., 2010
Liu, 2008
Long and Rucker, 1969
Ma et al., 2008
Maclellan, 2005
Meacham, 2001
Mead et al., 2011
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Mills, 2001a
NIMPIS
Novosel and Požar-Domac, 2001
OBIS
Orensanz et al., 2002
Osburn, 1952
Ramadan et al., 2006
Ruiz et al., 2000
Seo, 1998
Shluker, 2003
Smithsonian-Fort Pierce
Soule et al., 2007
Wasson et al., 2002
Wasson et al., 2001
WDFW, 1998
WDNR, 1998
Winston, 1977
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
Zongguo, 2001
Culicia rachelfitzhardingeae
#Master Comment
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
WoRMS
Cuthona columbiana
Carlton, 1979
Goddard, 1990
Gosliner, 1995
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Mead et al., 2011
SCAMIT, 2008a
Turgeon et al., 1998
Wasson et al., 2002
Zvyagintsev et al., 2011
Cuthona perca
#Master Comment
Behrens and Hermosillo, 2005
Bishop Museum, 2000
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
CIESM, 2006
Cohen, 1998
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cranfield et al., 1998a
Gosliner, 1995
Hirano, 1993
Iwasaki, 2006
Iwasaki et al., 2004b
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Malacolog
Meadows and Kane, 2006
MEI, 2008
OBIS
Otani, 2006
Pittman and Fiene
Ruiz et al., 2000
Shluker, 2003
Streftaris et al., 2005
Turgeon et al., 1988
Turgeon et al., 1998
USGS-NAS
Zenetos et al., 2005a
Zenetos et al., 2010
Cutleria multifida
#Master Comment
AlgaeBase
Aquenal Pty. Ltd., 2006
Black Sea Workbook, 2010
Boraso and Zaixso, 2010
Chavanich et al., 2010
Furota and Nakayama, 2010
GBIF
Hewitt et al., 2004
Inglis et al., 2006e
Iwasaki, 2006
1820

Iwasaki et al., 2004b
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Lewis, 1999
Migita and Ichiki, 1962
Nelson, 1999
Otani, 2006
Western Australian Herbarium
Cyclodinus mundulus
#Master Comment
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
SBMNH
Cynoscion nebulosus
#Master Comment
FishBase, 2009
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Smithsonian-Fort Pierce
Wang, 2008
WoRMS
Cyprinus carpio
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Caspian Environment Programme
Cohen, 2004c
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen and Moyle, 2004
Fairey et al., 2002
FAO Fact Sheets
FishBase, 2009
GBIF
GISD
Hinton and Emmett, 2000
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Love et al., 2005
Meacham, 2001
Mead et al., 2011
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Olenin and Didžiulis, 2009
Olenin et al.
Richardson et al., 2000
Streftaris et al., 2005
Sytsma et al., 2004a
USGS, 2010
USGS-NAS
Cytospora rhizophorae
#Master Comment
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Fryar et al., 2004
Kohlmeyer and Volkmann-Kohlmeyer,
1988
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Maldonado-Ramírez and Torres-Pratts,
2005
Dasya sessilis
#Master Comment
Araujo et al., 2009
CANOD, 2009
GBIF
Hansen, 2008
Hughey et al., 2009
Ivanova et al., 2009
Kozhenkova, 2009
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Mineura et al., 2007
Olenin and Didžiulis, 2009
Streftaris et al., 2005
Verlaque, 2002
Zenetos et al., 2010
Deiratonotus cristatum
#Master Comment
Alyakrinsky, 2011
Labai, 2004
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Quan et al., 2011
Sakai, 2008
Zvyagintsev et al., 2011
Deltamysis holmquistae
#Master Comment
Bowman and Orsi, 1992
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Cohen, 1998
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen and Moyle, 2004
Light et al., 2005
Modlin and Orsi, 1997
Ruiz et al., 2000
SCAMIT, 2008a
Demonax sp. A (Cohen et al., 2002)
#Master Comment
Cohen et al., 2002
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Desmarestia ligulata
#Master Comment
AlgaeBase
CANOD, 2009
CDF
Chavanich et al., 2010
1821

Chen et al., 2006a
GBIF
Goddard, 1997
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
McDermid and Abbott, 2006
Nelson et al., 2002
Parsons, 1995
PISCO, 2001b
Pondella, 2009
Raimondi, 2002
Ramírez, 2010
Seo and Lee, 2008
UNDP/GEF, 2007
Diadumene cincta
#Master Comment
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Cohen, 1998
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Galil, 2006
GBIF
Jørgensen, 2006
Kluijver and Ingalsuo, 2010b
Marchini and Marchini, 2006
Nehring, 2005
Ruiz et al., 2000
Streftaris et al., 2005
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
Zenetos et al., 2005a
Zenetos et al., 2010
Diadumene franciscana
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Carlton, 2003
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Cohen, 1998
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen et al., 2002
Dept. of Navy, 2000
Fautin and Hand, 2007
GBIF
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Ruiz et al., 2000
Shluker, 2003
Wasson et al., 2002
Wasson et al., 2001
Diadumene leucolena
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
Boyd et al., 2002
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Carlton, 2003
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Cohen, 1998
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Dept. of Navy, 2000
Fairey et al., 2002
Fautin and Hand, 2007
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Meadows and Kane, 2006
PICES Working Group 21, 2008
Pro Esteros, 2001
Ruiz et al., 2000
Shluker, 2003
Wasson et al., 2002
Wasson et al., 2001
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
Diadumene lineata
Barnhart et al., 1992
Bishop Museum, 2000
Bookheim and Berry, 1999
Boyd et al., 2002
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Carlton, 1989
Carlton, 2003
Carlton and Cohen, 1998
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Carlton et al., 2003
Cohen et al., 2001a
Cohen
Cohen, 2004b
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen et al., 1998
Crooks, 1998a
DAISIE
Dept. of Navy, 2000
Dunn, 1982
Eldredge and Smith, 2001
Fautin and Daly, 2009
1822

Fautin and Hand, 2007
Furota et al., 2008
GBIF
Hewitt, 1993
Horikoshi and Okamoto, 2007b
Kerckhof et al., 2007
Lambert and Lambert, 1998
Maclellan, 2005
Meacham, 2001
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Mills, 1998
Mills, 2001a
Mills et al., 2007
Molina et al., 2009
PICES Working Group 21, 2009
Rudy and Rudy, 1983
Ruiz et al., 2000
Shluker, 2003
Smithsonian-Fort Pierce
Streftaris et al., 2005
Uchida, 1932
USGS-NAS
Wasson et al., 2002
Wasson et al., 2001
WDFW, 1998
Zenetos et al., 2010
Dictyota flabellata
#Master Comment
AlgaeBase
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
CDF
Dawson, 1950
Etcheverry, 1986
Didemnum candidum Cmplx
#Master Comment
Abdul et al., 2009
Ali et al., 2009
Berrill, 1932
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Carman et al., 2011
Daniel and Therriault, 2007
Eldredge and Smith, 2001
GBIF
Herdman, 1886
Hurlbut, 1992
Kott, 2004
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Locke, 2009
Meadows and Kane, 2006
OBIS
Primo and Vazquez, 2008
Rho and Park, 1998
Savigny, 1817
Shluker, 2003
Tokioka, 1967
USGS-NAS
Van Name, 1945
Welch, 2005
Didemnum perlucidum
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Carman et al., 2011
Carman et al., 2010
Coles et al., 2002a
Kott, 2004
Lambert, 2002
Lambert, 2003b
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Monniot and Monniot, 1994
Paulay et al., 2002
USGS-NAS
Witman and Smith, 2003
Didemnum psammatode
#Master Comment
Abdul et al., 2009
Ali et al., 2009
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Carman et al., 2011
Carman et al., 2010
Eldredge and Smith, 2001
Farrapeira et al., 2009
GBIF
Goodbody, 1993
Kott, 2005
Lambert, 2003b
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Monniot and Monniot, 2001
OBIS
Paulay et al., 2002
Primo and Vazquez, 2008
Rocha et al., 2005
Smithsonian-Fort Pierce
WoRMS
Didemnum vexillum
#Master Comment
Abbott et al., 2007
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carman et al., 2009
1823

Cohen
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
deRivera et al., 2007
Fairey et al., 2002
Kott, 2004
Lambert, 2001
Lambert, 2009
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Locke, 2009
Maclellan, 2005
PICES Working Group 21, 2010
Stefaniak et al., 2009
USGS-WHSC
Dinophysis caudata
#Master Comment
Adachi et al., 2008
AlgaeBase
Chavanich et al., 2010
GBIF
Gul and Saifullah, 2010
Haraguchi and Odebrecht, 2010
Holmes et al., 1999
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
OBIS
Okaichi, 1967
Seo and Lee, 2008
Smithsonian-Fort Pierce
Villac and Tenenbaum,, 2010
Wehrtmann and Cortes, 2009
WoRMS
Diodora rueppellii
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
CIESM, 2006
Demür, 2003
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Shluker, 2003
Streftaris et al., 2005
Tröndlé and Boutet, 2009
WoRMS
Zenetos et al., 2010
Diplosoma listerianum
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
Cangussu et al., 2010
CANOD, 2009
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Carman et al., 2011
Carman et al., 2010
Coles et al., 2002a
deRivera et al., 2007
Dijkstra et al., 2007
Fairey et al., 2002
Fay and Vallee, 1979
GBIF
Gittenberger, 2007
Glasby et al., 2007
Griffiths et al., 2009
Haupt et al., 2010
Hewitt, 1993
Kott, 2005
Lambert and Lambert, 1998
Lambert and Lambert, 2003
Lambert, 2002
Lambert, 2003b
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Locke, 2009
Maclellan, 2005
Marins et al., 2010
Mead et al., 2011
Meadows and Kane, 2006
NEMESIS
OBIS
Paulay et al., 2002
Pollard and Pethebridge, 2002a
Primo and Vazquez, 2008
Ramadan et al., 2006
Rho and Park, 1998
Ritter and Forsyth, 1917
Rocha and Costa, 2005
Rocha and Faria, 2005
Rocha and Kremer, 2005
Rocha et al., 2005
Rocha et al., 2010
Rocha et al., 2009
Rowe, 1966
Ruiz et al., 2000
Sanamyan, 1999
Sanamyan and Schories, 2004
Shluker, 2003
Smithsonian-Fort Pierce
Van Name, 1945
Watanabe and Harrold, 1991
Welch, 2005
Witman and Smith, 2003
Zvyagintsev et al., 2004
Dipolydora commensalis
#Master Comment
1824

Berkeley, 1927
Berkeley and Berkeley, 1936
Dualan and Williams, 2011
GBIF
Hatfield, 1965
Kozloff, 1996
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Orensky and Williams, 2009
PICES Working Group 21, 2011
SCAMIT, 2008a
Welch and Ruff, 2008
Dipolydora normalis
#Master Comment
Day, 1967b
EPA, 2002c
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Macnae and Kalk, 1962
Moncur et al., 1999
Nelson et al., 2007
OBIS
Simon, 2011
Swartz et al., 2004
Dolichopus exsul
#Master Comment
American Entomological Society, 1925
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Englund et al., 2000a
Evenhuis, 1989
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Donaceus nigronotatus
#Master Comment
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Englund et al., 2000a
Krauss, 1965
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Dorosoma petenense
#Master Comment
Armor and Herrgesell, 1985
Barnhart et al., 1992
Bishop Museum, 2000
Bryant and Souza, 2004
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Castillo, 2000
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen and Moyle, 2004
Dept. of Navy, 2000
Fairey et al., 2002
FishBase, 2009
Gartz, 2004
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Love et al., 2005
Marshall, 2004
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Shluker, 2003
Smithsonian-Fort Pierce
USGS-NAS
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
Yoklavich et al., 1991
Yoklavich et al., 2002
Dynoides dentisinus
#Master Comment
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Carlton et al., 1990
Cohen, 1998
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
GBIF
Ivanova et al., 2009
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Li, 2000
Liu, 2008
OBIS
PICES Working Group 21, 2008
PICES Working Group 21, 2009
Ruiz et al., 2000
Zongguo, 2001
Ecteinascidia imperfecta
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Kott, 2003
Kott, 2005
Lambert, 2003b
OBIS
Elachista nigra
#Master Comment
AlgaeBase
Atlas of Living Australia
CANOD, 2009
Kitayama et al., 2005
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Miller, 2008
Uwai et al., 2002
Wiltshire et al., 2010
Elasmopus rapax
#Master Comment
Cadien, 2007e
1825

California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
Carlton, 1979
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Cohen et al., 2002
Coles et al., 2002a
Coles et al., 1999a
Dept. of Navy, 2000
Eldredge and DeFelice, 2002
Emara and Belal, 2004
Fairey et al., 2002
GBIF
LeCroy et al., 2009
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Lenihan et al., 1990
Martin and Diaz, 2003
Meadows and Kane, 2006
OBIS
Shluker, 2003
Sliwa et al., 2009
WoRMS
Electra tenella
#Master Comment
Cangussu et al., 2010
Cranfield et al., 1998a
Gaonkar et al., 2010
GBIF
Gordon, 2009
Inglis et al., 2008b
Kubota and Mawatari, 1985
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Long and Rucker, 1969
Montoya-Cadavid et al., 2007
Morrisey and Miller, 2008
Occhipinti-Ambrogi et al., 2010
Osburn, 1947
Rosso, 2009
Seo and Min, 2009
Seo and Lee, 2008
Streftaris et al., 2005
Winston, 1977
Zenetos et al., 2010
Enallagma civile
#Master Comment
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Coles et al., 2002a
Englund et al., 2000a
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Endeis biseriata
#Master Comment
Arango, 2003
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
OBIS
WoRMS
Endeis nodosa
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Nakamura and Child, 1991
Endeis procera
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
WoRMS
Enhydrosoma lacunae
Gomez, 2003
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
OBIS
Enochrus sayi
#Master Comment
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Gundersen, 1977
Lester H. Inouye & Associates, Inc.,
2010
Eochelidium sp. A (Chapman, 2007)
#Master Comment
Bookheim and Berry, 1999
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Chapman, 2007
Cohen, 2004b
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen et al., 1998
EPA, 1999
EPA, 2000
EPA, 2008
Fairey et al., 2002
Hines and Ruiz, 2000a
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Meacham, 2001
Mills, 2001a
Paquette and Cadien, 1996
Ruiz et al., 2000
SCAMIT, 2008a
T N & Associates, 2002
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
Zongguo, 2001
Ephydra gracilis
#Master Comment
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
1826

Deonier, 1972
Englund et al., 2000a
Morris et al., 1980
Ephydra millbrae
#Master Comment
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Cheng, 1976
Deonier, 1972
Englund et al., 2000b
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Ericthonius brasiliensis
#Master Comment
Barnard, 1979a
Brusca and Hendrickx
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Chapman, 2007
Cohen et al., 2002
Cole, 1988
Coles et al., 2002a
Coles et al., 1999a
Coles et al., 2003
Dept. of Navy, 2000
Eldredge and DeFelice, 2002
Emara and Belal, 2004
EPA, 1999
EPA, 2000
EPA, 2008
Fairey et al., 2002
GBIF
Huang et al., 1999
LeCroy, 2007
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Lie, 1968
Mead et al., 2011
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Myers and McGrath, 1984
OBIS
Ramadan et al., 2006
SCAMIT, 2008a
Shluker, 2003
Subba Rao, 2005
T N & Associates, 2002
Thompson et al., 2000
WoRMS
Zongguo, 2001
Eriocheir sinensis
#Master Comment
Berezina, 2007
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton et al., 2003
Cohen, 1998
Cohen, 2004b
Cohen, 2004c
Cohen, 2004a
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen and Carlton, 1997
Cohen and Moyle, 2004
DAISIE
EPA, 2000
GBIF
GISD
Iwasaki, 2006
Jamieson et al., 1998
Jensen and Armstrong, 2004
Kerckhof et al., 2007
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Light et al., 2005
Liu, 2008
Meacham, 2001
NIMPIS
Olenin et al.
Rudnick et al., 2000
Ruiz et al., 2000
Ruiz et al., 2006
Streftaris et al., 2005
Sytsma et al., 2004a
Takeda and Koizumi, 2005
USGS-NAS
Wang et al., 2009a
Zenetos et al., 2010
Zhao et al., 2002
Zvyagintsev, 2003
Escharoides excavata
Dept. Env. Water Heritage and Arts
Aus. 2008
GBIF
Inglis et al., 2006f
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Seo, 1998
Seo and Lee, 2008
Shin, 2010
Etheirophora blepharospora
#Master Comment
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Fryar et al., 2004
OBIS
1827

Shearer and Raja
WoRMS
Eucheuma denticulatum
#Master Comment
AlgaeBase
Ask et al., 2003
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Coles et al., 2002a
Collén et al., 1995
GBIF
Gerung and Ohno, 1997
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Neish, 2003
Sulu et al., 2004
Unknown, 2000
Williams, 2007c
Williams and Smith, 2007
Eufolliculina lignicola
#Master Comment
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Matthews, 1968
Eumida sanguinea
#Master Comment
Akioka et al., 1999
ArcOD
Barnhart et al., 1992
Bishop Museum, 2000
Blake and Ruff, 2007
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Coles et al., 2002a
Coles et al., 1999a
Day, 1967a
Díaz, et al., 2009
GBIF
Hartman, 1944b
Hartman, 1968
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Lie, 1968
Liu, 2008
Meadows and Kane, 2006
MTS, 1992
Nelson et al., 2007
Nygren and Pleijel, 2011
OBIS
Orensanz, 1996
Ørsted, 1843
Parapar et al., 2009
Paxton and Chou, 2000
PICES Working Group 21, 2011
PICES Working Group 21, 2010
Pleijel, 1993a
Pleijel, 1993b
Reish, 1964c
Shluker, 2003
Surugiu, 2005
Welch, 2005
WoRMS
Zongguo, 2001
Eurylana arcuata
#Master Comment
Bowman et al., 1981
Bruce and Wetzer, 2008
Brusca et al., 2001
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton et al., 1990
Cohen, 1998
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Espinosa-Pérez and Hendrickx, 2006
GBIF
Jansen, 1981
NIMPIS
Poore, 2002
Ruiz et al., 2000
Eurytemora affinis Cmplx
#Master Comment
ArcOD
Avent et al., 2000
Barnhart et al., 1992
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton et al., 1990
Cohen, 2004c
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen and Moyle, 2004
Cordell and Morrison, 1996
Hinton and Emmett, 2000
Jassby et al., 1995
Kimmerer et al., 2002
Kimmerer et al., 1994
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Lee, 2000
Lee and Frost, 2002
Light et al., 2005
Liu, 2008
Mecum, 2004
Orsi and Mecum, 1986
Ruiz et al., 2000
Sytsma et al., 2004a
1828

The Bay Institute, 2004
USGS-NAS
Waldeck et al., 2003
Eusarsiella zostericola
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Cohen et al., 2001a
Cohen et al., 2007
Cohen, 1998
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
EPA, 1999
EPA, 2000
EPA, 2002a
EPA, 2008
Fairey et al., 2002
GBIF
Jones, 1961
Kornicker, 1986
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Light et al., 2005
Ruiz et al., 2000
Streftaris et al., 2005
T N & Associates, 2002
Thompson et al., 2000
Eusyllis japonica
Banse, 1972
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Lu et al., 2007
WADOE, 2002
Welch and Ruff, 2008
Eusynstyela hartmeyeri
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Coles et al., 2002a
Monniot, 2002
Monniot and Monniot, 2001
OBIS
Pérez-Portela et al., 2009
Shenkar and Loya, 2009
Shluker, 2003
Streftaris et al., 2005
WoRMS
Evalea cf. americana
#Master Comment
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Exogone longicornis
#Master Comment
Aguado and San Martin, 2006
Bailey-Brock, 2003
Bastida-Zavala, 2008
EPA, 2002c
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Nelson et al., 2007
OBIS
San Martín, 2005
SCAMIT, 2008a
SeaLifeBase
Swartz et al., 2002
Exopalaemon carinicauda
#Master Comment
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
GBIF
Guo et al., 2005
Kuris et al., 2007
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Liu, 2008
Ruiz et al., 2000
Sytsma et al., 2004a
USGS-NAS
Wicksten, 1997
Zongguo, 2001
Exosphaeroma sp. (Carlton and Eldredge,
2009)
#Master Comment
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Coles et al., 1999a
Favonigobius sp. (Carlton and Eldredge,
2009)
#Master Comment
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Fenneropenaeus chinensis
#Master Comment
Adrianov et al., 2007
GBIF
Iwasaki, 2006
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Nakashima et al., 2000
Fenneropenaeus merguiensis
#Master Comment
Chavanich et al., 2010
Eldredge, 1994
FAO FishFinder
FAO Fact Sheets
GBIF
1829

Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
SeaLifeBase
Seo and Lee, 2008
Zenetos et al., 2010
Ficopomatus enigmaticus
#Master Comment
Arakawa, 1980
Asakura, 1992
Bastida-Zavala, 2008
Bishop Museum, 2000
Brugnoli et al., 2007
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Chapman and Carlton, 1991
Cohen
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen and Carlton, 1997
Cohen et al., 1995
Cohen et al., 2002
DAISIE
Dixon, 1981
Fairey et al., 2002
Furota et al., 2008
Galil, 2007
GBIF
GISD
Hayward, 1997
Horikoshi and Okamoto, 2007b
Imajima, 1979b
Imajima, 1980
Iwasaki, 2006
Iwasaki et al., 2004b
Kajihara et al., 1976
Kerckhof et al., 2007
Kimura and Sekiguchi, 1996b
Kimura et al., 2004
Koike et al., 2006
Kudenov, 1983
Kupriyanova et al., 2001
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Mead et al., 2011
Meadows and Kane, 2006
MEI, 2008
Mito and Uesugi, 2004
Nabeshima, 2007
NEMESIS
Nishi, 2003
Nishi and Kato, 2004
Nishi and Tanaka, 2006
Nishi and Tanaka, 2007
OBIS
Okamoto, 1995
Olenin et al.
Orensanz et al., 2002
Otani, 2002
Otani, 2006
Otani et al., 2004
Paavola et al., 2005
Ruiz et al., 2000
Schwindt et al., 2004
Shimura et al., 2007
Shluker, 2003
Smithsonian-Fort Pierce
Streftaris and Zenetos, 2006
Streftaris et al., 2005
Subba Rao, 2005
Thompson et al., 2000
Wasson et al., 2002
Wasson et al., 2001
Yamanishi et al., 1991
Zenetos et al., 2010
Zvyagintsev, 2003
Ficopomatus miamiensis
#Master Comment
Bastida-Zavala, 2008
OBIS
Tovar-Hernández et al., 2009a
Folinella navisa
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Malacolog
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Rosenberg et al., 2009
SCAMIT, 2011
Turgeon et al., 1998
Fucus cottonii
#Master Comment
AlgaeBase
Hines et al., 2000b
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Ruiz et al., 2000
Serrão et al., 2006
WoRMS
Fundulus diaphanus
#Master Comment
FishBase, 2009
GBIF
1830

Hinton and Emmett, 2000
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Meacham, 2001
Sytsma et al., 2004a
USGS-NAS
Gambusia affinis
#Master Comment
Allen, 1982
Bishop Museum, 2000
Boyd et al., 2002
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 2003
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen and Moyle, 2004
Desmond et al., 2002
Desmond et al., 1999
Fierstine et al., 1973
FishBase, 2009
GBIF
GISD
Ishikawa and Tachihara, 2008
Japan NEIS
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Light et al., 2005
Meacham, 2001
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Mito and Uesugi, 2004
Nordby and Zedler, 1991
Paavola et al., 2005
Paulay et al., 2002
Shluker, 2003
Sytsma et al., 2004a
Ward et al., 2000
Ward et al., 2001
West and Cordrey, 2002
West and Cordrey, 2003
West et al., 2002
Williams, 1996
Williams, 1997
Williams et al., 1998c
Williams et al., 1998b
Williams et al., 1999
Williams et al., 2001
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
Yoklavich et al., 2002
Zedler et al., 1992
Gammarus daiberi
#Master Comment
Bousfield, 1969
Cadien, 2007d
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Chapman, 2009
Cohen, 1998
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Gehrts et al., 2004b
Kimmerer et al., 2002
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Lee et al., 2003a
Maclellan, 2005
Peterson and Vayssieres, 2004
Ruiz et al., 2000
Thompson et al., 2000
Toft et al., 2002
Gammarus mucronatus
#Master Comment
Cadien, 2007d
Chapman, 2009
Detwiler et al., 2002
Fredette and Diaz, 1986
Smithsonian-Fort Pierce
Garveia franciscana
#Master Comment
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
Cangussu et al., 2010
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Carlton, 2009
Chapman and Carlton, 1991
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen and Carlton, 1997
DAISIE
Foster and Feder, 2000a
Fraser, 1937
GBIF
Hines et al., 2000b
Kerckhof et al., 2007
Lee et al., 2007a
Light et al., 2005
Liu, 2008
Mills et al., 2007
NEMESIS
Neves and da Rocha, 2008
Olenin et al.
PICES Working Group 21, 2009
Ruiz et al., 2000
SCAMIT, 2008b
1831

Silva and Barros, 2011
Streftaris et al., 2005
USGS-NAS
Vervoort, 1964
Zenetos et al., 2010
Zongguo, 2001
Garveia sp. (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009)
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Devaney and Eldredge, 1977
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Gelidium vagum
Boyd et al., 2002
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Cho and Boo, 1998
Kozhenkova, 2009
Liu, 2008
Meacham, 2001
Miller, 2004b
Miller et al., 2009
PICES Working Group 21, 2008
Ruiz et al., 2000
WDFW, 1998
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
Zongguo, 2001
Gelliodes fibrosa
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Coles et al., 2002a
Coles et al., 1999a
Eldredge and Smith, 2001
GBIF
Knapp et al., 2011
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Meadows and Kane, 2006
OBIS
Shluker, 2003
Geminosyllis ohma
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
EPA, 1999
EPA, 2000
EPA, 2008
Fairey et al., 2002
GBIF
Kudenov and Harris, 1995
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Liu, 2008
T N & Associates, 2002
Zongguo, 2001
Gemma gemma
Barnhart et al., 1992
Boyd et al., 2002
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1969
Carlton, 1979
Carlton, 1992
Carlton, 1999a
Carlton et al., 2003
Carlton et al., 1990
Coan and Valentich-Scott, 2007
Coan et al., 2000
Cohen, 2004b
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen et al., 1995
Desmond et al., 2002
EPA, 2000
EPA, 2002a
EPA, 2008
Fairey et al., 2002
Filice, 1958
GBIF
Gosliner, 1995
Grosholz et al., 2000
Jones, 1961
Lee et al., 2003a
Meacham, 2001
Meehan et al., 1989
Morris et al., 1980
Nichols, 1985
Nichols and Pamatamat, 1988
Nichols and Thompson, 1985b
OBIS
Poulton et al., 2004
Ricketts et al., 1985
Ruiz et al., 2000
Shouse et al., 2004
Thompson et al., 2000
Turgeon et al., 1988
Wasson et al., 2002
Wasson et al., 2001
WDFW, 1998
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
Geukensia demissa
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
1832

Carlton, 1969
Carlton, 1979
Carlton, 1992
Carlton, 1999a
Coan and Valentich-Scott, 2007
Coan et al., 2000
Cohen
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen et al., 1995
Cohen et al., 2002
Crooks, 1998b
Crooks, 1998a
Dept. of Navy, 2000
EPA, 2002a
EPA, 2008
Fairey et al., 2002
Filice, 1958
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Levin et al., 1998
Liu, 2008
Meehan et al., 1989
Morris et al., 1980
Nichols and Pamatamat, 1988
Nichols and Thompson, 1985b
Ricketts et al., 1985
Romero et al., 2003
Ruiz et al., 2000
SCAMIT, 2008a
Turgeon et al., 1988
Zongguo, 2001
Glabropilumnus seminudus
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Coles et al., 1997
Eldredge and DeFelice, 2002
Galil and Takeda, 1988
GBIF
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Shluker, 2003
Gnorimosphaeroma rayi
Adrianov et al., 2007
Bishop Museum, 2000
Brusca et al., 2001
Carlton, 1979
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Espinosa-Pérez and Hendrickx, 2006
Fairey et al., 2002
GBIF
Kim and Kwon, 1985
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Liu, 2008
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Rotramel, 1972
Ruiz et al., 2000
Shluker, 2003
Goeldichironomus holoprasinus
#Master Comment
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
CDF
Jacobsen, 2008
Zilli et al., 2009
Gonodactylaceus falcatus
#Master Comment
Ahyong, 2001
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Coles et al., 2002a
Coles et al., 1999a
Eldredge and DeFelice, 2002
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Moosa, 2000
OBIS
Shluker, 2003
Yeo et al., 2010
Gonothyraea loveni
#Master Comment
ArcOD
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Chaplygina, 1980
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen et al., 2005a
Cranfield et al., 1998a
deRivera et al., 2007
Foster and Feder, 2000a
Fraser, 1937
GBIF
Genzano et al., 2009
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Liu, 2008
Maclellan, 2005
Mead et al., 2011
Mills, 1998
Mills et al., 2007
MIT Sea Grant
Panteleeva, 2002
Ralph, 1957
USGS-NAS
WDFW, 1998
1833

WoRMS
Zongguo, 2001
Zvyagintsev, 2003
Zvyagintsev et al., 2009
Zvyagintsev et al., 2011
Gracilaria salicornia
#Master Comment
AlgaeBase
Bangmei, 1986
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Coles et al., 2002a
GBIF
GISD
Liao et al., 2004
Mayakun and Prathep, 2005
Nelson et al., 2009
OBIS
Phooprong et al., 2007
Shimura et al., 2007
Smith et al., 2004
Gracilaria tikvahiae
#Master Comment
AlgaeBase
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
GBIF
Gurgel et al., 2004
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Gracilaria vermiculophylla
AlgaeBase
Bellorin et al., 2004
CANOD, 2009
Freshwater et al., 2006
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Nyberg, 2007
Olenin et al.
Paavola et al., 2005
Rueness, 2005
Weinberger et al., 2008
Zenetos et al., 2010
Grandidierella bispinosa
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Coles et al., 1999a
Eldredge and DeFelice, 2002
GBIF
Imbach, 1967
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Lowry, 2007
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Shluker, 2003
Grandidierella japonica
Bishop Museum, 2000
Bookheim and Berry, 1999
Boyd et al., 2002
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Carlton, 1989
Carlton, 2003
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Carlton et al., 2003
Castillo, 2000
Chapman, 2007
Chapman, 2009
Chapman and Dorman, 1975
Cohen et al., 2001a
Cohen, 1998
Cohen, 2004b
Cohen, 2004c
Cohen, 2004a
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen et al., 2002
Cohen et al., 1998
Cole, 1988
Coles et al., 1999a
Crooks, 1998b
Crooks, 1998a
Crooks and Khim, 1999
DAISIE
Dept. of Navy, 2000
Desmond et al., 2002
Desmond et al., 1999
Eldredge and DeFelice, 2002
EPA, 1999
EPA, 2000
EPA, 2001a
EPA, 2002a
EPA, 2008
GBIF
Golden et al., 1998
Heiman et al., 2008
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Light et al., 2005
Markmann, 1986
Meacham, 2001
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Mills, 2001a
Nichols and Pamatamat, 1988
Nichols and Thompson, 1985b
PICES Working Group 21, 2010
Ruiz et al., 2000
1834

SCAMIT, 2008a
Shluker, 2003
Shouse et al., 2004
Siegfried et al., 1980
Sytsma et al., 2004a
T N & Associates, 2002
Talley et al., 2000
Thompson et al., 2000
Waldeck et al., 2003
Ward et al., 2000
Ward et al., 2001
Wasson et al., 2002
Wasson et al., 2001
WDFW, 1998
West and Cordrey, 2002
West and Cordrey, 2003
West and Zedler, 2000
West et al., 2002
Williams, 1996
Williams, 1997
Williams et al., 1998c
Williams et al., 1998a
Williams et al., 1998b
Williams et al., 1999
Williams et al., 2001
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
Yamada et al., 2007
Zipperer, 1996
Zongguo, 2001
Grateloupia lanceolata
AlgaeBase
Benson and Raikow, 2010
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Liu, 2008
Miller et al., 2009
Streftaris et al., 2005
Zenetos et al., 2010
Grateloupia turuturu
AlgaeBase
CANOD, 2009
D'Antonio, 1993
D'Archino et al., 2007
Gavio and Fredericq, 2002
GBIF
Ivanova et al., 2009
Kozhenkova, 2009
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Maclellan, 2005
Mathieson et al., 2008a
PICES Working Group 21, 2008
Tasmanian Planning Commission, 2009
Zenetos et al., 2010
Gyrodactylus anguillae
#Master Comment
Ernst et al., 2000
Hayward et al., 2001
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Torchin and Kuris, 2005
Halichondria bowerbanki
Boyd et al., 2002
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Carlton, 1989
Carlton, 2003
Carlton et al., 2003
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Dept. of Navy, 2000
Fairey et al., 2002
GBIF
Hewitt, 1993
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Lee et al., 2007b
Lee et al., 2007a
Lenihan et al., 1990
Light et al., 2005
Maclellan, 2005
Marchini and Marchini, 2006
MarLIN
Meacham, 2001
Pederson et al., 2005
PICES Working Group 21, 2010
Ruiz et al., 2000
SCAMIT, 2011
Wasson et al., 2002
Wasson et al., 2001
WDFW, 1998
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
Halichondria coerulea
#Master Comment
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Coles et al., 2002a
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Halichondria melanodocia
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Coles et al., 2002a
Coles et al., 1999a
GBIF
Meadows and Kane, 2006
OBIS
1835

Shluker, 2003
WoRMS
Haliclona caerulea
#Master Comment
Carballo et al., 2008
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Coles et al., 2002a
Coles et al., 1999a
Cruz-Barraza and Carballo, 2008
Eldredge and Smith, 2001
Knapp et al., 2011
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Meadows and Kane, 2006
OBIS
Shluker, 2003
Haliotis fulgens
#Master Comment
Ault, 1985
Brown and Sutton, 2002
Chen et al., 2006a
GBIF
Kuris and Culver, 1999
Turgeon et al., 1998
UNDP/GEF, 2007
Haliotis iris
#Master Comment
Chavanich et al., 2010
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Seo and Lee, 2008
Haliotis kamtschatkana
#Master Comment
GBIF
Iwasaki, 2006
Kozloff, 1996
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Leighton, 2008
Nomura, 1932
Turgeon et al., 1998
Uichida and Yamamoto,1942
Haliotis laevigata
#Master Comment
Chavanich et al., 2010
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
OBIS Indo-Pacific Molluscan Database,
2006
Seo and Lee, 2008
Haliotis rufescens
#Master Comment
Airame, 2002
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
Carlton, 1979
Chen et al., 2006a
GBIF
Iwasaki, 2006
Kuris and Culver, 1999
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Turgeon et al., 1998
UNDP/GEF, 2007
Haliotis tuberculata
#Master Comment
GBIF
Huchette and Clavier, 2004
Iwasaki, 2006
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Halocynthia roretzi
#Master Comment
Chavanich et al., 2010
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
PICES Working Group 21, 2009
Rho and Lee, 1989
Seo and Lee, 2008
Halophila decipiens
#Master Comment
AlgaeBase
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
eFloras
GBIF
Kuo et al., 2006
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
McDermid et al., 2002
McMahon and Waycott, 2009
OBIS
Santamaría-Gallegos et al., 2006
Sidik et al., 1995
Smithsonian-Fort Pierce
Halophiloscia couchii
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Dias et al., 2005
Evenhuis and Eldredge, 1999
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
OBIS
Orensanz et al., 2002
Poore, 2002
Schultz, 1972
Warburg, 2007
WoRMS
Haminoea japonica
1836

CANOD, 2009
CIESM, 2006
DAISIE
Gibson and Chia, 1989
Goddard, 1990
Goddard, 2004
Gosliner and Behrens, 2006
Gosliner and Williams, 2007
Kozloff, 1996
Krug, 2009
McDonald, 2007
Streftaris et al., 2005
Turgeon et al., 1998
Zenetos et al., 2010
Haplosporidium nelsoni
#Master Comment
Bower, 2007
Burreson and Ford, 2004
Burreson et al., 2000
CANOD, 2009
Friedman, 1996
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
NEMESIS
Renault et al., 2000
Ruiz et al., 2000
Streftaris et al., 2005
Ulrich et al., 2007
Wang et al., 2009b
Harpacticella paradoxa
Cordell, 2007
Cordell et al., 2007a
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Haynesina germanica
Abbott et al., 2007
Banner and Culver, 1978
Bouchet et al., 2007
Calvo-Marcilese et al., 2010
Coccioni et al., 2009
Culver and Buzas, 1980
Culver and Buzas, 1981
Culver and Buzas, 1986
Ehrenberg, 1840
Ellison, 1984
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
McGann, 2007
McGann and Sloan, 1999
McGann et al., 2000
OBIS
Todd and Low, 1981
Welch, 2005
Welch and Ruff, 2008
WoRMS
Hecamede granifera
#Master Comment
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Englund et al., 2000a
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Mathis, 1993
Herdmania mauritiana
#Master Comment
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Carman et al., 2011
Das, 1940
Lambert, 2003b
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Monniot and Monniot, 2001
Nishikawa, 2002c
OBIS
Paulay et al., 2002
Herdmania momus
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Coles et al., 1999a
GBIF
Kott, 2005
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Rocha et al., 2009
Shenkar and Loya, 2008
Shenkar and Loya, 2009
Shluker, 2003
Streftaris et al., 2005
Van Name, 1945
Zenetos et al., 2010
Zongguo, 2001
Herdmania pallida
#Master Comment
Abdul et al., 2009
Ali et al., 2009
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Carman et al., 2011
Carman et al., 2010
Coles et al., 2002a
GBIF
Lambert, 2002
Lambert, 2003b
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Nishikawa, 2002c
Paulay et al., 2002
1837

Rocha and Costa, 2005
Rocha, 2010
Rocha et al., 2010
Herklotsichthys quadrimaculatus
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
FishBase, 2009
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Shluker, 2003
Hesionura australiensis
Crumrine, 2001
Dept. Env. Water Heritage and Arts
Aus. 2008
EPA, 2002c
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Nelson et al., 2007
Heterocapsa circularisquama
#Master Comment
Chavanich et al., 2010
Furota and Nakayama, 2010
Iwataki, 2008
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Smayda, 2007
WoRMS
Heteromastus filiformis Cmplx
#Master Comment
ArcOD
Boyd et al., 2002
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Carlton, 1989
Carlton, 2003
Castillo, 2000
Castillo et al., 2000b
Cohen, 1998
Cohen, 2004c
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Crumrine, 2001
Dean, 2004
EPA, 1999
EPA, 2000
EPA, 2001a
EPA, 2002a
EPA, 2008
Fairey et al., 2002
Filice, 1958
Foster and Feder, 2000a
Furota and Emmett, 1993
García-Garza and De León-González,
2011
GBIF
Hartman and Fauchald, 1971
Heiman et al., 2008
Hines et al., 2000b
Hoberg and Feder, 2002
Jones, 1961
Light et al., 2005
Liu, 2008
Markmann, 1986
Meacham, 2001
MSIP
MTS, 1992
Nichols and Pamatamat, 1988
Nichols and Thompson, 1985b
OBIS
PICES Working Group 21, 2010
Ruiz et al., 2000
Ruiz et al., 2006
SCAMIT, 2008a
Shouse et al., 2004
Sytsma et al., 2004a
T N & Associates, 2002
Thompson et al., 2000
USGS-NAS
WADOE, 2002
Wasson et al., 2002
Wasson et al., 2001
WDFW, 1998
Wehe and Fiege, 2002
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
WoRMS
Zongguo, 2001
Hiatella arctica
#Master Comment
Aitken and Fournier, 1993
Aitken and Gilbert, 1996
ArcOD
Bernard, 1979
Bishop Museum, 2000
Brunel et al., 1998
Brusca and Hendrickx
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carey et al., 1984
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
1838

Coan et al., 2000
Coles et al., 2009
Coles et al., 2002a
Coles et al., 1997
Crooks, 1998a
Eldredge and DeFelice, 2002
EPA, 1999
EPA, 2000
EPA, 2008
Fadeev, 2005
Fairey et al., 2002
Feder et al., 2007
GBIF
Hines and Ruiz, 2000a
Hoberg and Feder, 2002
Kashin et al., 2000
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Lutaenko et al., 2006
MacGinitie, 1959
Mead et al., 2011
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Morris et al., 1980
OBIS
Pro Esteros, 2001
Ricketts et al., 1985
Rudy and Rudy, 1983
Sá et al., 2007
SCAMIT, 2008a
Sejr et al., 2000
Selin, 2010
Shluker, 2003
Stone and Masuda, 2003
T N & Associates, 2002
Thompson et al., 2000
Turgeon et al., 1998
USGS-NAS
WADOE, 2002
Wasson et al., 2002
WoRMS
Hippopodina tahitiensis
#Master Comment
Bock
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
OBIS
Tilbrook et al., 2001
Hobsonia florida
Bookheim and Berry, 1999
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
Carlton, 2003
Castillo, 2000
Castillo et al., 2000b
Cohen et al., 2001a
Cohen, 2004b
Cohen, 2004c
Cohen, 2004a
Cohen et al., 1998
EPA, 1999
EPA, 2001a
EPA, 2002a
EPA, 2008
Fairey et al., 2002
Furota and Emmett, 1993
GBIF
Golden et al., 1998
Hinton and Emmett, 2000
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Meacham, 2001
Mills, 2001a
OBIS
Ruff, 2004
Sytsma et al., 2004a
T N & Associates, 2002
USACE, 1981
Waldeck et al., 2003
WDFW, 1998
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
Zipperer, 1996
Zottoli, 1974
Holmesimysis costata
#Master Comment
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Eldredge and DeFelice, 2002
EPA, 1999
EPA, 2008
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Modlin, 2007
SCAMIT, 2008a
Shluker, 2003
T N & Associates, 2002
Turpen et al., 1994
Homarus americanus
#Master Comment
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Cohen, 2004c
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen and Carlton, 1997
1839

DAISIE
GBIF
Iwasaki, 2006
Kittaka et al., 1983
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Meacham, 2001
Olenin and Didžiulis, 2009
Sakurai et al., 1994
Streftaris et al., 2005
Sytsma et al., 2004a
Visser et al., 2004
Watabe, 1993
WDFW, 1998
Homarus gammarus
#Master Comment
Iwasaki, 2006
OBIS
WoRMS
Hostis guamensis
#Master Comment
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Cheng and Mathis, 2003
Evenhuis, 1989
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Hyastenus spinosus
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Eldredge and DeFelice, 2002
GBIF
Griffin, 1974
OBIS
WoRMS
Hyboscolex longiseta
Abd-Elnaby, 2009a
Bishop Museum, 2000
Castelli et al., 2008
Day, 1967b
GBIF
Gibbs, 1971
Inglis et al., 2008b
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Nelson et al., 2007
OBIS
Occhipinti-Ambrogi et al., 2010
Uebelacker and Johnson, 1984
WoRMS
Zenetos et al., 2010
Hydroides brachyacanthus
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Çinar, 2006
Çinar, 2009
Coles et al., 2002a
GBIF
Link et al., 2008
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Shluker, 2003
Streftaris et al., 2005
ten Hove and Kupriyanova, 2009
Tovar-Hernández et al., 2009a
Zenetos et al., 2010
Hydroides cruciger
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Dean, 2004
GBIF
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Shluker, 2003
ten Hove and Kupriyanova, 2009
Tovar-Hernández et al., 2009a
Hydroides dianthus
Aoki, 2009
Bastida-Zavala and ten Hove, 2002
GBIF
Grave, 1933
Hill, 1967
Kupriyanova et al., 2001
Leone, 1970
Link et al., 2008
Orensanz et al., 2002
Otani and Yamanishi, 2007
Otani and Yamanishi, 2010
Otani et al., 2004
Streftaris et al., 2005
Yan et al., 2006
Zenetos et al., 2010
Zibrowius, 1971
Hydroides diramphus
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
Blair et al., 2009
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Çinar, 2006
Çinar, 2009
Cohen et al., 2002
Coles et al., 1999a
1840

Dept. Env. Water Heritage and Arts
Aus. 2008
Díaz, et al., 2009
Emara and Belal, 2004
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Link et al., 2008
Liu, 2008
Meadows and Kane, 2006
OBIS
Paxton and Chou, 2000
Rajagopal et al., 1997
Read, 2004
Shluker, 2003
Streftaris et al., 2005
WoRMS
Yan et al., 2000
Zenetos et al., 2005a
Zenetos et al., 2010
Zongguo, 2001
Hydroides elegans
#Master Comment
Arakawa, 1971
Arakawa, 1980
Asai et al., 1997
Asakura, 1992
Bagaveeva, 1981
Bagaveeva and Zvyagintsev, 1999
Bagaveeva and Zvyagintsev, 2000
Bishop Museum, 2000
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Chen et al., 2006a
Çinar, 2009
Cohen et al., 2002
Coles et al., 2002a
Coles et al., 1999a
Crooks, 1998a
Dept. Env. Water Heritage and Arts
Aus. 2008
Dept. of Navy, 2000
Emara and Belal, 2004
EPA, 2008
Fairey et al., 2002
Gaonkar et al., 2010
GBIF
Hirata et al., 1988
Imajima, 1976
Imajima, 1979b
Imajima, 1979a
Imajima, 1984
Imajima, 1986
Imajima and Hayashi, 1969
Iwaki et al., 1977
Iwasaki, 2006
Iwasaki et al., 2004b
Iwasaki et al., 2004a
Kawahara, 1962
Kawahara, 1969
Kawahara et al., 1979
Kazihara, 1964
Kimura et al., 2004
Kupriyanova et al., 2001
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Li et al., 2010
Link et al., 2008
Liu, 2008
Mawatari and Kobayashi, 1954
Mead et al., 2011
Meadows and Kane, 2006
MEI, 2008
Mito and Uesugi, 2004
MSIP
Nabeshima, 2007
NIMPIS
Nishi and Kato, 2004
Nishi and Tanaka, 2006
Nishi and Tanaka, 2007
OBIS
Ohgaki, 2007
Orensanz et al., 2002
Otani, 2002
Otani, 2006
Otani et al., 2004
Paxton and Chou, 2000
Qiu and Qian, 1988
Rajagopal et al., 1997
Ramadan et al., 2006
Ruiz et al., 2000
SCAMIT, 2008a
Seo and Lee, 2008
Shimura et al., 2007
Shluker, 2003
Smithsonian-Fort Pierce
Streftaris et al., 2005
Tovar-Hernández et al., 2009a
Tsuchiya, 1979
UNDP/GEF, 2007
USGS-NAS
1841

WoRMS
Yamamura, 1972
Yamamura et al., 1969
Yan and Huang, 1990
Yasuhara et al., 1981
Zenetos et al., 2010
Zvyagintsev, 2000
Zvyagintsev, 2003
Zvyagintsev et al., 2004
Hydroides ezoensis
#Master Comment
Bagaveeva and Zvyagintsev, 1999
Chavanich et al., 2010
GBIF
Hayes et al., 2005
Hewitt, 2002
Horikoshi and Okamoto, 2007b
Kashin et al., 2000
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Link et al., 2008
PICES Working Group 21, 2009
PICES Working Group 21, 2011
Pollard and Pethebridge, 2002b
Streftaris et al., 2005
Washitani, 2004
WoRMS
Yan et al., 2006
Zvyagintsev et al., 2004
Hydroides norvegicus
#Master Comment
ArcOD
Bagaveeva and Zvyagintsev, 1999
Clarke et al., 2004
Fauchald et al., 2009
Gaonkar et al., 2010
Hayward, 1997
Hewitt et al., 2004
Kupriyanova and Jirkov, 1997
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Moen, 2006
MSIP
PICES Working Group 21, 2008
PICES Working Group 21, 2009
Ramadan et al., 2006
WoRMS
Hyperacanthomysis longirostris
#Master Comment
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Cohen, 1998
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Fukuoka and Murano, 2000
Kimmerer et al., 2002
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Light et al., 2005
Liu, 2008
Mecum, 2004
Modlin, 2007
Modlin and Orsi, 1997
Ruiz et al., 2000
Suzuki et al., 2009
The Bay Institute, 2004
Thompson et al., 2000
Zongguo, 2001
Hypnea musciformis
#Master Comment
AlgaeBase
Campbell, 1999
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Coles et al., 2002a
GBIF
GISD
Knight-Jones et al., 1974
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Lipkin and Safriel, 1971
Mahmood et al., 2007
Neil et al., 2008
OBIS
Olenin and Didžiulis, 2009
Streftaris et al., 2005
Hypomesus nipponensis
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
Canale, 1999
CANOD, 2009
Cohen and Moyle, 2004
Dill and Cordone, 1997
FishBase, 2009
GBIF
Ivanova et al., 2009
Light et al., 2005
Swanson et al., 2000
Iais californica
#Master Comment
Boyd et al., 2002
Brusca et al., 2001
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Carlton, 2003
1842

Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen et al., 2001b
Crooks, 1998a
Dept. Env. Water Heritage and Arts
Aus. 2008
Dept. of Navy, 2000
Espinosa-Pérez and Hendrickx, 2006
GBIF
Hurley, 1955b
Light et al., 2005
PICES Working Group 21, 2010
Rotramel, 1972
Ruiz et al., 2000
Wasson et al., 2002
Wasson et al., 2001
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
Ictalurus furcatus
#Master Comment
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen and Moyle, 2004
FishBase, 2009
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Light et al., 2005
Ma et al., 2003
Meacham, 2001
Sytsma et al., 2004a
Ictalurus punctatus
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen and Moyle, 2004
FishBase, 2009
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Ma et al., 2003
Meacham, 2001
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Mito and Uesugi, 2004
Sytsma et al., 2004a
Ilyanassa obsoleta
Berman and Carlton, 1991
Byers, 1999
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1969
Carlton, 1979
Carlton, 1992
Carlton, 1999a
Cohen et al., 2001a
Cohen, 2004b
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen and Carlton, 1997
Cohen et al., 1995
EPA, 2002a
EPA, 2008
Fairey et al., 2002
Filice, 1958
GBIF
Gillespie et al., 1999
GISD
Hewitt, 1993
Jones, 1961
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Meacham, 2001
Meehan et al., 1989
Nichols and Pamatamat, 1988
Nichols and Thompson, 1985b
Ruiz et al., 2000
Thompson et al., 2000
Turgeon et al., 1988
WDFW, 1998
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
Incisocalliope derzhavini
Bookheim and Berry, 1999
Boyd et al., 2002
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 2003
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Carlton et al., 2003
Chapman, 2007
Chapman, 2010
Cohen, 2004b
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen et al., 1998
EPA, 2000
Fairey et al., 2002
Filice, 1958
Golden et al., 1998
Ishimaru, 1984
Lie, 1968
Light et al., 2005
Markmann, 1986
1843

Meacham, 2001
Mills, 2001a
PICES Working Group 21, 2010
Ruiz et al., 2000
SCAMIT, 2008a
Shluker, 2003
WADOE, 2002
Wasson et al., 2002
Wasson et al., 2001
WDNR, 1998
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
Iolaea eucosmia
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
EPA, 2006a
Meadows and Kane, 2006
SCAMIT, 2008a
Turgeon et al., 1998
Ischnura ramburii
#Master Comment
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Englund et al., 2000a
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
White et al., 2010
Janua pagenstecheri
#Master Comment
Bailey-Brock, 2003
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton, 2004
Carlton, 2009
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Dept. Env. Water Heritage and Arts
Aus. 2008
GBIF
Knight-Jones et al., 1974
Kozloff, 1996
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Maclellan, 2005
Mead et al., 2011
Meadows and Kane, 2006
MIT Sea Grant
Osman, 1977
Pederson et al., 2005
PICES Working Group 21, 2011
Salazar-Vallejo and Londono-Mesa,
2004
SeaLifeBase
Shluker, 2003
Surugiu, 2005
Wehe and Fiege, 2002
Welch and Ruff, 2008
WoRMS
Jassa falcata
#Master Comment
Barnhart et al., 1992
Boyd et al., 2002
Brusca and Hendrickx
Carlton, 1979
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Chapman, 2007
Coles et al., 1999b
García Madrigal, 2007
GBIF
Haertel and Osterberg, 1967
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Levin and Talley, 2002
OBIS
Ramadan et al., 2006
Zedler et al., 1992
Zongguo, 2001
Jassa marmorata
#Master Comment
ArcOD
Bookheim and Berry, 1999
Boyd et al., 2002
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1989
Carlton, 2003
Chapman, 2007
Chapman, 2009
Clarke et al., 2004
Cohen et al., 2001a
Cohen, 1998
Cohen, 2004b
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen et al., 2002
Cohen et al., 1998
Conlan, 1990
Crooks, 1998a
Dept. Env. Water Heritage and Arts
Aus. 2008
Dept. of Navy, 2000
Doi et al., 2011
EPA, 2008
Fairey et al., 2002
GBIF
González et al., 2008
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Meacham, 2001
1844

Mead et al., 2011
Mills, 2001a
OBIS
Pérez-Schultheiss, 2009
PICES Working Group 21, 2010
Pilgrim and Darling, 2010
Robinson et al., 2005
Ruiz et al., 2000
Scinto et al., 2007
Thompson et al., 2000
Wasson et al., 2002
Wasson et al., 2001
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
WoRMS
Zvyagintsev et al., 2004
Jassa slatteryi
#Master Comment
Boyd et al., 2002
Brusca and Hendrickx
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2008
CANOD, 2009
Chapman, 2009
Conlan, 1990
Doi et al., 2011
EPA, 2008
Fairey et al., 2002
GBIF
Griffiths et al., 2011
Jeong et al., 2007
Jeong et al., 2009
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Mead et al., 2011
OBIS
SCAMIT, 2008a
Yu et al., 2002
Kappaphycus alvarezii
#Master Comment
AlgaeBase
Ask et al., 2003
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Chandrasekaran et al., 2008
Chaoyuan et al., 1989
Chavanich et al., 2003
Chavanich et al., 2010
Coles et al., 2002a
Eldredge, 1994
Ferreira et al., 2009
Ganesan et al., 2006
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Msuya et al., 2007
Munoz et al., 2004
Neish, 2003
Ohno et al., 1994
Rodgers and Cox, 1999
Smith, 1998
Subba Rao et al., 2008
Sulu et al., 2004
Williams and Smith, 2007
Kappaphycus striatus
#Master Comment
AlgaeBase
Ask et al., 2003
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Coles et al., 2002a
Eldredge, 1994
GBIF
Gerung and Ohno, 1997
GISD
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Neish, 2003
Silva et al., 2010
Subba Rao et al., 2008
Tseng, 1993
Williams and Smith, 2007
Khawia iowensis
#Master Comment
CANOD, 2009
Cohen and Moyle, 2004
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Light et al., 2005
Kleidotoma bryani
#Master Comment
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Koinostylochus ostreophagus
#Master Comment
Carlton, 1979
Cohen, 2004b
Cohen et al., 1998
Feldman et al., 2000
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Meacham, 2001
Mills, 2001a
Ruiz et al., 2000
Streftaris et al., 2005
Tyler et al.
USGS-NAS
WDFW, 1998
Kuwaita heteropoda
#Master Comment
1845

Bishop Museum, 2000
Carrera-Parra and Orensanz, 2002
Foster and Feder, 2000a
GBIF
Hartman, 1948
Hines and Ruiz, 2000b
Hines et al., 2000b
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Liu, 2008
Moore, 1908
OBIS
Paxton and Chou, 2000
Ruiz et al., 2000
Zongguo, 2001
Lagenophrys cochinensis
#Master Comment
CANOD, 2009
Clamp, 2006
Foissner, 2006
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Laguncula pulchella
#Master Comment
Chavanich et al., 2010
Hasegawa and Sato, 2009
Iwasaki, 2006
Okoshi, 2004
WoRMS
Laomedea calceolifera
#Master Comment
CANOD, 2009
Chaplygina, 1992
EPA, 2003c
EPA, 2008
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Liu, 2008
Maclellan, 2005
Mead et al., 2011
Medel and Vervoort, 2000
Migotto et al., 2002
Mills et al., 2007
SCAMIT, 2003a
SCAMIT, 2003b
SCAMIT, 2008a
Vervoort, 1968
WoRMS
Zongguo, 2001
Zvyagintsev, 2003
Zvyagintsev et al., 2011
Zvyagintsev et al., 2003
Laomedea flexuosa
Chaplygina, 1992
Chaplygina, 2006
GBIF
Kashin et al., 2003
Kottaa Mollera, 2009
OBIS
Trott, 2004
Zvyagintsev, 2003
Zvyagintsev et al., 2009
Zvyagintsev et al., 2011
Laonome sp. SF1 Norris (CANOD, 2009)
#Master Comment
CANOD, 2009
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Lateolabrax sp. (Yokogawa and Seki, 1995)
#Master Comment
Chavanich et al., 2010
Iseki et al., 2010
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Mito and Uesugi, 2004
NIES
Shimura et al., 2007
Yokogawa and Seki, 1995
Laternula marilina
Boyd et al., 2002
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Carlton, 1992
Carlton, 1999a
Carlton, 2003
Carlton et al., 1990
Choy et al., 2008
Coan and Valentich-Scott, 2007
Coan et al., 2000
EPA, 2002a
EPA, 2008
Fairey et al., 2002
FishBase, 2009
GBIF
Hung and Hsueh, 2008
Ivanova et al., 2009
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Liu, 2008
Lutaenko, 2006
Miller et al., 1999
OBIS
Ruiz et al., 2000
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
1846

Zongguo, 2001
Lates calcarifer
#Master Comment
Chen et al., 2006a
FishBase, 2009
GBIF
Guiguen et al., 1994
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Seo and Lee, 2008
UNDP/GEF, 2007
Laticorophium baconi
#Master Comment
Barnard, 1979a
Bousfield and Hoover, 1997
Brusca and Hendrickx
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Chapman, 2009
Coles et al., 1999a
Eldredge and DeFelice, 2002
EPA, 2000
EPA, 2008
Fairey et al., 2002
GBIF
Huang et al., 2008
LeCroy et al., 2009
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Meadows and Kane, 2006
NIMPIS
OBIS
SCAMIT, 2008a
Shluker, 2003
Valério-Berardo and Thiago de Souza,
2009
WADOE, 2002
Zongguo et al., 1999
Leucothoe micronesiae
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Coles et al., 2002a
Coles et al., 2003
Eldredge and DeFelice, 2002
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Shluker, 2003
Thomas, 2009
Leucothoe spinicarpa Cmplx
#Master Comment
ArcOD
Chapman, 2007
Chapman, 2009
Chavanich et al., 2010
Crowe, 2006
Doi et al., 2011
Fairey et al., 2002
García Madrigal, 2007
GBIF
Ishimaru, 1985
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Lowry, 2000
OBIS
SCAMIT, 2008a
Thomas and Klebba, 2006
WoRMS
Ligia exotica
#Master Comment
bioSearch, 2009
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Coles et al., 2003
Espinosa-Pérez and Hendrickx, 2001
Espinosa-Pérez and Hendrickx, 2006
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Li, 2003
Mead et al., 2011
NEMESIS
OBIS
Orensanz et al., 2002
Power et al., 2006
Ruiz et al., 2000
Shluker, 2003
Smithsonian-Fort Pierce
Tsai et al., 1997
Zongguo, 2001
Liljeborgia sp. (Cohen et al., 2002)
#Master Comment
Chapman, 2007
Chapman, 2009
Cohen et al., 2002
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Limia vittata
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Englund, 2002
FishBase, 2009
GBIF
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Shluker, 2003
Limnodriloides monothecus
1847

Blake et al., 1985
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Christoffersen, 2007
Cohen, 1998
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cook, 1974
Cook et al., 2007b
Erséus, 1982
Erséus, 1994
Erséus, 2002
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Meacham, 2001
Nichols and Thompson, 1982
Ruiz et al., 2000
SCAMIT, 2008a
WDFW, 1998
Welch, 2005
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
Limnoithona sinensis
#Master Comment
Avent et al., 2000
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Cohen, 1998
Cohen, 2004c
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen and Moyle, 2004
Cordell et al., 2008
Ferrari and Orsi, 1984
GBIF
Liu, 2008
Modlin and Orsi, 1997
Ohtsuka et al., 2004
Orsi and Ohtsuka, 1999
Razouls et al.
Ruiz et al., 2000
Sytsma et al., 2004a
The Bay Institute, 2004
Waldeck et al., 2003
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
Limnoithona tetraspina
Avent et al., 2000
Bouley and Kimmener, 2006
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Cohen, 1998
Cohen, 2004c
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen and Moyle, 2004
Cordell et al., 2008
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Light et al., 2005
Liu, 2008
Mecum, 2004
Ohtsuka et al., 2004
Razouls et al.
Ruiz et al., 2000
Sytsma et al., 2004a
The Bay Institute, 2004
Zongguo, 2001
Limnoperna fortunei
#Master Comment
Burns et al., 2006
GBIF
Magara et al., 2001
OBIS
Okamoto, 1995
Ricciardi, 1998
Silva and Barros, 2011
Sylvester et al., 2005
Washitani, 2004
WoRMS
Zvyagintsev, 2003
Limnoperna securis
#Master Comment
Asakura, 1992
CIESM, 2006
DAISIE
Furota et al., 2008
Furuse and Furota, 1985
Garci et al., 2007
GBIF
Horikoshi and Okamoto, 2007a
Horikoshi and Okamoto, 2007b
Iwasaki, 2006
Iwasaki et al., 2004b
Iwasaki et al., 2004a
Japan NEIS
Kajihara, 1996
Kimura, 1994
Kimura and Sekiguchi, 1996b
Kimura and Sekiguchi, 1996a
Kimura and Tabe, 1997
Kimura et al., 2004
Kimura et al., 1999
Kohama et al., 2001
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
1848

MEI, 2008
Nabeshima, 2007
Okamoto, 1995
Okamoto, 2007
Otani, 2002
Otani, 2006
Otani et al., 2004
Shimura et al., 2007
Streftaris et al., 2005
Toda and Yamamoto, 1991
Washitani, 2004
Yamanishi et al., 1991
Zenetos et al., 2010
Limnoria quadripunctata
#Master Comment
Barnhart et al., 1992
Boyd et al., 2002
Brusca et al., 2001
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Carlton et al., 2003
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Crooks, 1998a
Dept. Env. Water Heritage and Arts
Aus. 2008
Dept. of Navy, 2000
Espinosa-Pérez and Hendrickx, 2006
Fairey et al., 2002
GBIF
Griffiths et al., 2009
Kensley, 1976
Mead et al., 2011
Robinson et al., 2005
Ruiz et al., 2000
Wasson et al., 2002
Wasson et al., 2001
Wolff, 2005
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
Limnoria tripunctata
#Master Comment
Barnhart et al., 1992
Beckman and Menzies, 1960
Bishop Museum, 2000
Bookheim and Berry, 1999
Brusca et al., 2001
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Carlton, 1989
Carlton, 2003
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Cohen et al., 2001a
Cohen, 2004b
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen et al., 2002
Cohen et al., 1998
Coles et al., 1999a
Cookson and Cragg, 1991
Cragg et al., 2009
Cranfield et al., 1998b
Crooks, 1998a
Dept. of Navy, 2000
Doi et al., 2011
Espinosa-Pérez and Hendrickx, 2006
Fairey et al., 2002
GBIF
Hayward, 1997
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Li, 2003
Liu, 2008
Maclellan, 2005
Meacham, 2001
Mead et al., 2011
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Menzies, 1957
Mills, 2001a
OBIS
Rudy and Rudy, 1983
Ruiz et al., 2011
Ruiz et al., 2000
SCAMIT, 2008a
Shluker, 2003
Smithsonian-Fort Pierce
Streftaris et al., 2005
WDFW, 1998
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
Zongguo, 2001
Limosella australis
#Master Comment
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen and Moyle, 2004
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Light et al., 2005
Plants Database, 2010
Western Australian Herbarium
1849

Linopherus microcephala
#Master Comment
Bailey-Brock et al., 2007
GBIF
Hughes and Gamble, 1977
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Louzao et al., 2010
Moncur et al., 1999
Nelson et al., 2002
Nelson et al., 2007
OBIS
Wehe and Fiege, 2002
Lioconcha fastigiata
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
OBIS
Lissoclinum fragile
#Master Comment
Abdul et al., 2009
Ali et al., 2009
Berrill, 1932
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Carman et al., 2011
Carman et al., 2010
GBIF
Lambert, 2002
Lambert, 2003b
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Meadows and Kane, 2006
OBIS
Paulay et al., 2002
Primo and Vazquez, 2008
Rocha and Kremer, 2005
Rocha et al., 2010
Rocha et al., 2009
Van Name, 1945
Litopenaeus stylirostris
#Master Comment
Abele and Kim, 1989
Brusca and Hendrickx
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Chavanich et al., 2010
Eldredge, 1994
FAO Fact Sheets
Funge-Smith and Briggs, 2003
GBIF
Goyard, 2002
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Paulay et al., 2002
Poupin, 2010
Silva and Barros, 2011
USGS-NAS
Wang, 2008
Litopenaeus vannamei
#Master Comment
Briggs et al., 2004
Brusca and Hendrickx
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Chavanich et al., 2010
Chen et al., 2006a
Eldredge, 1994
Funge-Smith and Briggs, 2003
GBIF
GSMFC, 2005b
Jia and Chen, 2001
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Liao and Chien, 2011
OBIS
Paulay and Ross, 2003
Paulay et al., 2002
Poupin, 2010
Senanan et al., 2007
Silva and Barros, 2011
UNDP/GEF, 2007
USGS-NAS
Zhang et al., 2010
Littoridinops monroensis
CANOD, 2009
GBIF
Hershler et al., 2007
Malacolog
Littorina littorea
#Master Comment
ArcOD
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1969
Carlton, 1979
Carlton, 1992
Carlton and Cohen, 1998
CIESM, 2006
Cohen, 2004b
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Crooks, 1998a
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Maclellan, 2005
OBIS
Ruiz et al., 2000
1850

Shimura et al., 2007
USGS-NAS
WoRMS
Littorina saxatilis
#Master Comment
ArcOD
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Carlton, 1999a
Carlton and Cohen, 1998
CIESM, 2006
Clarke et al., 2004
Cohen
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
GBIF
Knight et al., 1987
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Malacolog
Mead et al., 2011
Ruiz et al., 2000
Streftaris et al., 2005
Turgeon et al., 1988
WoRMS
Zenetos et al., 2010
Littorophiloscia culebrae
#Master Comment
Araujo and Taiti, 2007
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Jass and Klausmeier, 2000
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Schultz, 1974
Taiti and Checcucci, 2009
Taiti and Howarth, 1996
Lobochona prorates
#Master Comment
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Crooks, 1998a
Matsudo, 1966
Ruiz et al., 2000
WoRMS
Lomentaria hakodatensis
Abbott et al., 2002
AlgaeBase
Aquenal Pty. Ltd., 2002
Boyd et al., 2002
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Cohen et al., 2002
Curiel et al., 2006
GBIF
Inglis et al., 2008a
Kozhenkova, 2009
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Liu, 2008
Meacham, 2001
Miller, 2004b
PICES Working Group 21, 2009
Ruiz et al., 2000
Streftaris et al., 2005
Taylor, 1977
WDFW, 1998
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
Zenetos et al., 2010
Zongguo, 2001
Lucania parva
#Master Comment
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Castillo, 2000
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen and Moyle, 2004
FishBase, 2009
GBIF
Light et al., 2005
USGS, 2010
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
Lutjanus fulvus
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Cohen, 1998
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Coles et al., 2002a
Coles et al., 1999a
Coles et al., 2003
FAO Fact Sheets
FishBase, 2009
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Shluker, 2003
WoRMS
Lutjanus gibbus
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
FishBase, 2009
1851

GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Shluker, 2003
Lutjanus kasmira
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
FishBase, 2009
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Meadows and Kane, 2006
OBIS
Shluker, 2003
Lyrodus affinis
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Coles et al., 1997
Eldredge and DeFelice, 2002
Keen, 1971
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Nair and Saraswathy, 1971
OBIS Indo-Pacific Molluscan Database,
2006
Radhakrishnan and Kasim, 1997
Shluker, 2003
Lyrodus pedicellatus
#Master Comment
Beasley et al., 2005
Bishop Museum, 2000
Brearley et al., 2003
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Carlton, 1992
Carlton, 1999a
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Carlton et al., 2003
Carpenter and Niem, 1998
Coan and Valentich-Scott, 2007
Coan et al., 2000
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cranfield et al., 1998a
Crooks, 1998a
Dept. of Navy, 2000
Eldredge and DeFelice, 2002
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Liu, 2008
McKoy, 1980
Mead et al., 2011
Meadows and Kane, 2006
OBIS
OBIS Indo-Pacific Molluscan Database,
2006
Ruiz et al., 2000
Shluker, 2003
Smithsonian-Fort Pierce
Srinivasan, 1968
Tsunoda and Nishimoto, 1976
Turgeon et al., 1988
Wasson et al., 2002
Wasson et al., 2001
WoRMS
Lyrodus takanoshimensis
#Master Comment
Carlton, 1992
Coan et al., 2000
Gillespie et al., 1999
Lee et al., 2003b
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Popham, 1983
Ruiz et al., 2000
Tsunoda, 1979
Turgeon et al., 1988
Turgeon et al., 1998
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
Macoma petalum
#Master Comment
Boyd et al., 2002
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2008
CANOD, 2009
Coan and Valentich-Scott, 2007
Coan et al., 2000
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
EPA, 1999
EPA, 2000
EPA, 2008
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Lee et al., 2003a
Light et al., 2005
Malacolog
Nikula et al., 2007
PICES Working Group 21, 2010
Ruiz et al., 2000
Thompson et al., 2000
Vainola, 2003
Macrobrachium lar
#Master Comment
1852

Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Eldredge, 1994
Eldredge and DeFelice, 2002
Englund et al., 2000a
GBIF
Keith, 2002
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Marquet et al., 2002
Meadows and Kane, 2006
OBIS
Poupin, 2010
Macrobrachium rosenbergii
#Master Comment
bioSearch, 2009
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Chavanich et al., 2010
Eldredge, 1994
Eldredge and DeFelice, 2002
FAO Fact Sheets
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Mather and de Bruyn., 2005
Meadows and Kane, 2006
OBIS
PICES Working Group 21, 2008
Silva and Barros, 2011
Silva-Oliveira et al., 2011
Macrocystis pyrifera
#Master Comment
AlgaeBase
Boyd et al., 2002
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Chen et al., 2006a
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
DAISIE
Dawson, 1944
Demes et al., 2009
Funahashi, 1973
GBIF
Graham et al., 2007
Hines and Ruiz, 2000b
Hines et al., 2000b
Hymanson et al., 1990
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Mumford, 2007
Oliver et al., 1980
Streftaris et al., 2005
UNDP/GEF, 2007
Watanabe and Harrold, 1991
Williams et al., 2001
Wynne, 2009
Maeotias marginata
Bagaveeva and Zvyagintsev, 1999
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Cohen, 1998
Cohen, 2004b
Cohen, 2004c
Cohen, 2004a
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
DAISIE
GBIF
Goulletquer et al., 2002
Grosholz and Ruiz, 1995
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Light et al., 2005
Liu, 2008
Mills and Rees, 2000
Mills and Sommer, 1995
Mills et al., 2007
Olenin et al.
Paavola et al., 2005
Rees and Gershwin, 2000
Ruiz et al., 2000
Streftaris et al., 2005
USGS-NAS
WoRMS
Zongguo, 2001
Zvyagintsev, 2003
Magelona capensis
#Master Comment
Abd-Elnaby, 2009a
Amoureux, 1973
bioSearch, 2009
Day, 1967b
EAF Nansen Survey, 2010
EPA, 2002c
GBIF
Jayaraj et al., 2008
Langlois et al., 2005
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Moncur et al., 1999
Nelson et al., 2007
OBIS
Manayunkia aestuarina
#Master Comment
ArcOD
Castillo, 2000
Castillo et al., 2000b
1853

EPA, 1999
EPA, 2001a
EPA, 2002a
EPA, 2008
Fairey et al., 2002
Furota and Emmett, 1993
GBIF
Golden et al., 1998
Hinton and Emmett, 2000
Kocheshkova and Matviy, 2009
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
SCAMIT, 2008a
Sytsma et al., 2004a
T N & Associates, 2002
Tovar-Hernández and Salazar-Vallejo,
2006
Waldeck et al., 2003
WoRMS
Zipperer, 1996
Marenzelleria viridis
#Master Comment
Bagaveeva and Zvyagintsev, 1999
Bastrop and Blank, 2006
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Cohen, 1998
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen and Moyle, 2004
DAISIE
EPA, 2000
EPA, 2002a
EPA, 2008
Essink and Kleef,1988
GBIF
Kerckhof et al., 2007
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Lee et al., 2003a
Light et al., 2005
Olenin et al.
Ruiz et al., 2000
Sikorski and Bick, 2004
Streftaris et al., 2005
Thompson et al., 2000
Zvyagintsev, 2003
Marphysa conferta
#Master Comment
Boyd et al., 2002
Dean, 2004
Fauchald et al., 2009
GBIF
Hartman, 1961
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Nelson et al., 2007
OBIS
SCAMIT, 2008a
Marsupenaeus japonicus
#Master Comment
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Chen et al., 2006a
DAISIE
FAO Fact Sheets
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Li et al., 2008
OBIS
Streftaris et al., 2005
UNDP/GEF, 2007
Zenetos et al., 2010
Martesia striata
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
Brusca and Hendrickx
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Coles et al., 1997
Coles et al., 1999a
Eldredge and DeFelice, 2002
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Lee and Chao, 2003
Mead et al., 2011
Meadows and Kane, 2006
OBIS
OBIS Indo-Pacific Molluscan Database,
2006
Paulay, 2011
Shluker, 2003
Webber, 2009
WoRMS
Yennawar et al., 1999
Medetera grisescens
#Master Comment
Bickel, 1992
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Englund et al., 2000a
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Megabalanus coccopoma
#Master Comment
Brusca and Hendrickx
Cangussu et al., 2010
Carlton et al., 2011
1854

DAISIE
Doi et al., 2011
GBIF
Kerckhof, 2002
Kerckhof and Cattrijsse, 2001
Kerckhof et al., 2007
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
MEI, 2008
Newman and McConnaughey, 1987
OBIS
Silva and Barros, 2011
Smithsonian-Fort Pierce
USGS-NAS
Yamaguchi et al., 2009
Young, 2000
Megabalanus tintinnabulum
#Master Comment
Cangussu et al., 2010
Carlton et al., 2011
Clarke et al., 2004
DAISIE
Doi et al., 2011
Farrapeira et al., 2009
Gaonkar et al., 2010
GBIF
Hayes et al., 2005
Henry and McLaughlin, 1986
Jones, 2004
Kerckhof and Cattrijsse, 2001
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Mito and Uesugi, 2004
NIMPIS
OBIS
Pollard and Pethebridge, 2002a
Rajagopal et al., 1997
Russell and Hewitt, 2000
Streftaris et al., 2005
USGS-NAS
WoRMS
Yan et al., 2006
Yan et al., 2009
Yan et al., 2000
Zenetos et al., 2010
Zvyagintsev, 2000
Zvyagintsev, 2005
Zvyagintsev and Ivin, 1992
Zvyagintsev et al., 2011
Megabalanus zebra
#Master Comment
Clarke et al., 2004
Henry and McLaughlin, 1986
Jones et al., 2000
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Mito and Uesugi, 2004
Newman and Ross, 1976
Pilsbry, 1916
Pollard and Pethebridge, 2002a
Pollard and Pethebridge, 2002b
Yan et al., 2009
Melanoides tuberculata
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen and Moyle, 2004
de Kock and Wolmarnas, 2009
Duggan, 2002
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Mito and Uesugi, 2004
OBIS
Olenin and Didžiulis, 2009
Peterson and Vayssieres, 2004
Ruiz et al., 2000
SCAMIT, 2011
Shluker, 2003
Silva and Barros, 2011
Smithsonian-Fort Pierce
Thompson et al., 2000
Turgeon et al., 1988
USGS-NAS
Melita nitida
#Master Comment
Aikins and Kikuchi, 2002
Bookheim and Berry, 1999
Boyd et al., 2002
Cadien, 2007e
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Carlton, 1989
Carlton, 2003
Carlton et al., 2003
Chapman, 2007
Cohen et al., 2001a
Cohen, 1998
Cohen, 2004b
1855

Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen and Moyle, 2004
Cohen et al., 1998
DAISIE
Doi et al., 2011
EPA, 1999
EPA, 2002a
EPA, 2008
Faasse and van Moorsel, 2003
Fairey et al., 2002
GBIF
Heiman et al., 2008
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Light et al., 2005
Meacham, 2001
Mills, 2001a
OBIS
PICES Working Group 21, 2010
Ruiz et al., 2000
SCAMIT, 2008a
Sytsma et al., 2004a
T N & Associates, 2002
Thompson et al., 2000
Wasson et al., 2002
Wasson et al., 2001
WDFW, 1998
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
WoRMS
Melita rylovae
#Master Comment
Cadien, 2007e
CANOD, 2009
Chapman, 2007
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Liu, 2008
PICES Working Group 21, 2009
SCAMIT, 2011
Zongguo, 2001
Membranipora chesapeakensis
Banta et al., 1995
Davidson et al., 2008b
Foss, 2011
McCann et al., 2007
Membraniporopsis tubigerum
#Master Comment
Gappa et al., 2010
Gordon et al., 2006
Kubanin, 1977
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Russell and Hewitt, 2000
Menidia beryllina
#Master Comment
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen and Moyle, 2004
Fairey et al., 2002
FishBase, 2009
GBIF
Love et al., 2005
Marshall, 2004
USGS-NAS
Mercenaria mercenaria
#Master Comment
Arnold, et al., 2009
Baker et al., 2004
Barnhart et al., 1992
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1969
Carlton, 1979
Carlton, 1992
Carlton, 1999a
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Chen et al., 2006a
Coan and Valentich-Scott, 2007
Coan et al., 2000
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Crooks, 1998a
Eno et al., 1997
EPA, 2002a
EPA, 2008
Feldman et al., 2000
Furota et al., 2008
GBIF
Gillespie, 2007
Gillespie et al., 1999
Hand and Uhlinger, 1994
Hiwatari and Kohata, 2005
Hiwatari et al., 2004
Hiwatari et al., 2006
Ishikawa and Okutani, 2003
Iwasaki, 2006
Iwasaki et al., 2004b
Kimura et al., 2004
Kurozumi and Okamoto, 2002
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Levin et al., 1998
1856

Liu, 2008
MEI, 2008
Morris et al., 1980
Murphy and Kremer, 1985
Nabeshima, 2007
Nishimura, 2005
Otani, 2006
Ricketts et al., 1985
Smithsonian-Fort Pierce
Streftaris et al., 2005
Turgeon et al., 1988
UNDP/GEF, 2007
USGS-NAS
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
Zenetos et al., 2005a
Zenetos et al., 2010
Meretrix petechialis
#Master Comment
GBIF
Iwasaki, 2006
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
NIES
Sato and Koh, 2004
Shimura et al., 2007
Mesanthura sp. (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009)
#Master Comment
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Coles et al., 1999a
Mesovelia amoena
#Master Comment
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Englund et al., 2000a
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Moreira
Moreira et al., 2008
Mesovelia mulsanti
#Master Comment
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Englund et al., 2000a
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Moreira
Moreira et al., 2008
Metacarcinus magister
#Master Comment
Abe, 1981
Barnhart et al., 1992
Bulthuis, 1995
Carlton et al., 1990
Castillo, 2000
Chamberlain and Barnhart, 1993
Chew, 1998a
Cohen and Carlton, 1997
Cohen et al., 1995
Daly and Damkaer, 1986
De Ben et al., 1990
Emmett et al., 1991
EPA, 1999
EPA, 2000
EPA, 2002a
EPA, 2008
Feist and Simenstad, 2000
Feldman et al., 2000
Fernandez et al., 1994
Furota and Emmett, 1993
GBIF
Gehrts et al., 2004b
Gillespie et al., 1999
Golden et al., 1998
Grosholz and Ruiz, 1995
Grosholz et al., 2000
Gunderson et al., 1990
Haertel and Osterberg, 1967
Hewitt, 1993
Hieb et al., 2004
Hinton and Emmett, 2000
Houck et al., 1997
Hunt and Behrens Yamada, 2003
Jamieson et al., 1998
Jensen et al., 2002
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Macdonald et al., 2010a
Miller, 1996
MTS, 1992
Nichols and Pamatamat, 1988
NOAA-Sea Grant (Northeast)
NWC, 2001
O'Connor, 2000
PICES Working Group 21, 2010
Sakai, 2008
Shelford, 1935
Simenstad and Fresh, 1995
Sytsma et al., 2004a
T N & Associates, 2002
Thom, 1984
Thompson et al., 2000
Visser et al., 2004
Wasson et al., 2002
Wasson et al., 2001
Wicksten, 2008
Zipperer, 1996
Metadromia wilsoni
1857

#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
Clarke et al., 2004
Cranfield et al., 1998b
Cranfield et al., 1998a
Eldredge and DeFelice, 2002
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
McLay, 2001
McLay, 2009
Poupin, 2010
Sakai, 2008
WoRMS
Metopella sp. (Cohen et al., 2002)
#Master Comment
Cohen et al., 2002
Fairey et al., 2002
Metopograpsus oceanicus
#Master Comment
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Dahdouh-Guebas et al., 1999
GBIF
OBIS
Paulay, 2007
Paulay et al., 2002
Micracanthia humilis
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Englund et al., 2000a
GBIF
Microcosmus exasperatus
#Master Comment
Abdul et al., 2009
Ali et al., 2009
Berrill, 1932
Bishop Museum, 2000
Cangussu et al., 2010
CANOD, 2009
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Carman et al., 2011
Carman et al., 2010
Coles et al., 2002a
Coles et al., 1999a
GBIF
Lambert, 2002
Lambert, 2003b
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Paulay et al., 2002
Rocha and Costa, 2005
Rocha and Faria, 2005
Rocha and Kremer, 2005
Rocha et al., 2010
Rocha et al., 2009
Shenkar and Loya, 2009
Shluker, 2003
Streftaris et al., 2005
Turona et al., 2006
Van Name, 1945
Zenetos et al., 2010
Zongguo, 2001
Microcosmus squamiger
Abbott et al., 2007
Abdul et al., 2009
Ali et al., 2009
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
City of San Diego, 2003
Cohen et al., 2002
Crooks, 1998a
Dept. of Navy, 2000
EPA, 2008
Fairey et al., 2002
GBIF
Haupt et al., 2010
Lambert and Lambert, 1998
Lambert and Lambert, 2003
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Mastrototaro and Dappiano, 2005
Mead et al., 2011
Primo and Vazquez, 2008
Rius et al., 2008
Ruiz et al., 2000
SCAMIT, 2008a
Streftaris et al., 2005
Turona et al., 2006
Zenetos et al., 2010
Microdeutopus gryllotalpa
Bousfield, 1973
Boyd et al., 2002
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Chapman, 2007
GBIF
Maclellan, 2005
NEMESIS
Pederson et al., 2005
Teacă et al., 2006
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
Microjassa sp. (deRivera et al., 2007)
#Master Comment
1858

deRivera et al., 2007
Microspio granulata
Bishop Museum, 2000
Dept. Env. Water Heritage and Arts
Aus. 2008
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Moncur et al., 1999
Nelson et al., 2007
OBIS
WoRMS
Microspongium globosum
#Master Comment
AlgaeBase
GBIF
Hansen, 2000
Hines et al., 2000b
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Lindstrom, 1977
OBIS
Ruiz et al., 2000
Taskin et al., 2006
Mirofolliculina limnoriae
#Master Comment
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Carlton, 2003
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Coles et al., 2003
Delgery et al., 2006
Mead et al., 2011
NEAT, 1997
Ruiz et al., 2000
Moerisia sp. (Rees and Gershwin, 2000)
#Master Comment
Light et al., 2005
Mills and Rees, 2000
Mills et al., 2007
Rees and Gershwin, 2000
Ruiz et al., 2000
Molgula ficus
Abbott et al., 2007
Abdul et al., 2009
Ali et al., 2009
CANOD, 2009
GBIF
Herdman, 1899
Kott, 2005a
Lambert, 2007b
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Liu, 2008
Pollard and Pethebridge, 2002a
Primo and Vazquez, 2008
Rocha et al., 2009
Molgula manhattensis
Abbott et al., 2007
Arakawa, 1980
ArcOD
Asakura, 1992
Bagaveeva and Zvyagintsev, 1999
Bookheim and Berry, 1999
Boyd et al., 2002
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Carlton, 2003
Carman et al., 2009
Chapman and Carlton, 1991
Chen et al., 2006a
Cohen et al., 2001a
Cohen, 1998
Cohen, 2004b
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen et al., 2002
Cohen et al., 1998
Dept. Env. Water Heritage and Arts
Aus. 2008
deRivera et al., 2007
EPA, 2008
Fairey et al., 2002
Furota et al., 2008
GBIF
Hewitt, 1993
Horikoshi and Okamoto, 2007a
Horikoshi and Okamoto, 2007b
Iwasaki, 2006
Iwasaki et al., 2004b
Kajihara, 1996
Kimura et al., 2004
Lambert and Lambert, 1998
Lambert and Lambert, 2003
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Li et al., 2010
Liu, 2008
Locke, 2009
Maclellan, 2005
Markmann, 1986
Meacham, 2001
1859

MEI, 2008
Mills, 2001a
Mito and Uesugi, 2004
MSIP
Nabeshima, 2007
Nichols and Pamatamat, 1988
OBIS
Orensanz et al., 2002
Otani, 2002
Otani, 2006
Otani et al., 2004
Pederson et al., 2005
PICES Working Group 21, 2010
Ruiz et al., 2000
SeaLifeBase
Seo and Lee, 2008
Shimura et al., 2007
Soule et al., 2007
Streftaris et al., 2005
Thompson et al., 2000
Tokioka and Kado, 1972
UNDP/GEF, 2007
USGS-NAS
Van Name, 1945
Washitani, 2004
Wasson et al., 2002
Wasson et al., 2001
WDNR, 1998
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
Zongguo, 2001
Zvyagintsev, 2003
Zvyagintsev et al., 2004
Zvyagintsev et al., 2003
Monanchora sp. (Carlton and Eldredge,
2009)
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Monocorophium acherusicum
#Master Comment
ArcOD
Barnhart et al., 1992
Barry et al., 1996
Bishop Museum, 2000
Bookheim and Berry, 1999
Bousfield and Hoover, 1997
Boyd et al., 2002
Busby, 1991
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
Cangussu et al., 2010
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Carlton, 1989
Carlton, 2003
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Carlton et al., 2003
Castillo, 2000
Castillo et al., 2000a
Chapman, 2007
Chapman and Brinkhurst, 1981
Chapman et al., 1987
Cohen et al., 2001a
Cohen, 2004b
Cohen, 2004c
Cohen, 2004a
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen et al., 2002
Cohen et al., 1998
Cole, 1988
Coles et al., 2002a
Coles et al., 1999a
Cordell and Morrison, 1996
Cranfield et al., 1998b
Crooks, 1998b
Crooks, 1998a
Crooks and Khim, 1999
Dept. of Navy, 2000
Desmond et al., 2002
Desmond et al., 1999
Dexter, 1983
Doi et al., 2011
Eldredge and DeFelice, 2002
EPA, 1999
EPA, 2000
EPA, 2001a
EPA, 2002a
EPA, 2008
Fairey et al., 2002
Feldman et al., 2000
GBIF
Golden et al., 1998
Grosholz and Ruiz, 1995
Grosholz et al., 2000
Gunderson et al., 1990
Hinton and Emmett, 2000
Houck et al., 1997
Ivanova et al., 2009
Jones, 1961
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Lee et al., 2003a
Levin and Talley, 2002
Light et al., 2005
Liu, 2008
1860

Lowry, 2000
Markmann, 1986
Meacham, 2001
Mead et al., 2011
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Mills, 2001a
MTS, 1992
Neves and da Rocha, 2008
Nichols, 1973
Nichols and Pamatamat, 1988
Nichols and Thompson, 1985b
Nichols et al., 1990
NIMPIS, 2002q
OBIS
Olenin and Didžiulis, 2009
Pérez-Schultheiss, 2009
PICES Working Group 21, 2008
PICES Working Group 21, 2009
PICES Working Group 21, 2010
Poore, 1996
Posey, 1988
Robinson et al., 2005
Ruiz et al., 2011
Ruiz et al., 2000
SCAMIT, 2008a
Shluker, 2003
Siegfried et al., 1980
Simenstad and Fresh, 1995
Sytsma et al., 2004a
T N & Associates, 2002
Talley and Levin, 1999
Talley et al., 2000
Thompson et al., 2000
USACE, 1981
WADOE, 2002
Wakabara and Serejo, 1998
Waldeck et al., 2003
Ward et al., 2000
Wasson et al., 2002
Wasson et al., 2001
WDFW, 1998
West and Cordrey, 2002
West and Cordrey, 2003
West and Zedler, 2000
West et al., 2002
Williams et al., 1998c
Williams et al., 1998a
Williams et al., 1999
Winfield et al., 2006
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
WoRMS
Yamauchi et al., 2006
Zenetos et al., 2010
Zipperer, 1996
Zongguo, 2001
Zvyagintsev, 2003
Zvyagintsev et al., 2004
Zvyagintsev et al., 2011
Monocorophium insidiosum
#Master Comment
Alonso de Pina, 1997
Blair et al., 2009
Bookheim and Berry, 1999
Boyd et al., 2002
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Carlton, 2003
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Carlton et al., 2003
Castillo et al., 2000a
Chapman, 2007
Chapman, 2009
Chapman and Carlton, 1991
Cohen et al., 2001a
Cohen, 2004b
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen et al., 2002
Cohen et al., 1998
Coles et al., 1999a
de Pina, 1997
Delgado et al., 2009
Doi et al., 2011
Eldredge and DeFelice, 2002
EPA, 1999
EPA, 2000
EPA, 2002a
EPA, 2008
Fairey et al., 2002
Furota et al., 2008
GBIF
Heiman et al., 2008
Hewitt et al., 2004
Hirayama, 1990
Karaçuha et al., 2009
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Lee et al., 2003a
Light et al., 2005
Liu, 2008
Markmann, 1986
Meacham, 2001
1861

Meadows and Kane, 2006
Mills, 2001a
Munari, 2008
NIMPIS, 2002x
OBIS
Orensanz et al., 2002
PICES Working Group 21, 2010
Prato and Biandolino, 2006
Ruiz et al., 2011
Ruiz et al., 2000
SCAMIT, 2008a
Shluker, 2003
Smithsonian-Fort Pierce
Stone and Masuda, 2003
T N & Associates, 2002
Thompson et al., 2000
WADOE, 2002
Wasson et al., 2002
Wasson et al., 2001
WDFW, 1998
Winfield et al., 2006
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
Yamauchi et al., 2006
Zipperer, 1996
Zongguo, 2001
Monocorophium uenoi
Aikins and Kikuchi, 2002
Boyd et al., 2002
Brusca and Hendrickx
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Carlton et al., 2003
Chapman, 2007
Chapman, 2009
Crooks, 1998a
Dept. of Navy, 2000
EPA, 1999
EPA, 2008
GBIF
Gehrts et al., 2004b
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Liu, 2008
Lowry, 2000
Moore, 1986
PICES Working Group 21, 2008
PICES Working Group 21, 2009
Ruiz et al., 2000
SCAMIT, 2008a
T N & Associates, 2002
Wasson et al., 2002
Wasson et al., 2001
Zongguo, 2001
Monopylephorus evertus
#Master Comment
California Department of Water
Resources, 1995
GBIF
Neira et al., 2007
Rodriguez, 1999
Thompson et al., 2000
Morone saxatilis
Aladin et al., 2006b
Allen, 1982
Armor and Herrgesell, 1985
Barnhart et al., 1992
Bryant and Souza, 2004
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Carlton, 1989
Carlton, 2003
Castillo et al., 2000a
Cech et al., 1984
Chen et al., 2006a
Cohen, 2004b
Cohen, 2004c
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen and Moyle, 2004
Cohen et al., 1995
Dept. of Navy, 2000
Emmett et al., 1991
EPA, 2000
Fairey et al., 2002
FishBase, 2009
Gartz, 2004
GBIF
Jassby et al., 1993
Jassby et al., 1995
Kimmerer et al., 2002
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Ma et al., 2003
Meacham, 2001
NWC, 2001
Seo and Lee, 2008
SFRWQCB, 1995
Sytsma et al., 2004a
Toft et al., 2002
UNDP/GEF, 2007
Vigliano and Darrigran, 2002
1862

Wonham and Carlton, 2005
Yoklavich et al., 1991
Yoklavich et al., 2002
Mosillus tibialis
#Master Comment
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Cheng, 1976
Englund et al., 2000a
Mathis et al., 1993
Mugilogobius cavifrons
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Englund et al., 2000b
FishBase, 2009
GBIF
Greenfield and Randall, 2004
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Munna sp. A (Cohen and Carlton, 1995)
#Master Comment
CANOD, 2009
Cohen, 1998
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen et al., 2005a
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Ruiz et al., 2000
SCAMIT, 2008a
Musculista senhousia
#Master Comment
Al-Yamani et al., 2009
Bernard et al., 1993
BSERP, 2007
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1969
Carlton, 1979
Carlton, 1989
Carlton, 1992
Carlton, 1999a
Carlton et al., 2003
Carlton et al., 1990
City of San Diego, 2003
Coan and Valentich-Scott, 2007
Coan et al., 2000
Cohen
Cohen, 2004b
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen et al., 1995
Cohen et al., 2002
Cohen et al., 1998
Cole, 1988
Crooks, 1996
Crooks, 1998b
Crooks, 1998a
Crooks, 2001
Crooks and Khim, 1999
Davis et al., 2002
Dept. of Navy, 2000
Desmond et al., 2002
Desmond et al., 1999
Dexter, 1983
EPA, 1999
EPA, 2000
EPA, 2002a
EPA, 2008
Fairey et al., 2002
Ganmanee et al., 2004
GBIF
Gillespie, 2007
Gillespie et al., 1999
Hayward, 1997
Ivanova et al., 2009
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Levin and Talley, 2002
Levin et al., 1998
Light et al., 2005
Liu, 2008
Magni et al., 2006
Markmann, 1986
Meacham, 2001
Merkel and Associates, Inc., 2001
Mills, 2001a
Nestler and Stebbins, 2003
Nichols and Pamatamat, 1988
Nichols and Thompson, 1985b
NIMPIS, 2002a
NIMPIS
Nordby and Zedler, 1991
PICES Working Group 21, 2008
PICES Working Group 21, 2009
Reusch, 1998
Ricketts et al., 1985
Ruiz et al., 2000
SCAMIT, 2008a
Shimura et al., 2007
Streftaris et al., 2005
T N & Associates, 2002
Talley and Levin, 1999
Talley et al., 2000
Thompson et al., 2000
Turgeon et al., 1988
WADOE, 2002
1863

Ward et al., 2000
Ward et al., 2001
Wasson et al., 2002
Wasson et al., 2001
WDFW, 1998
West and Cordrey, 2002
West and Cordrey, 2003
West et al., 2002
Williams, 1996
Williams, 1997
Williams and Gibson, 1995
Williams et al., 1998c
Williams et al., 1999
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
WoRMS
Zedler et al., 1992
Zenetos et al., 2005a
Zenetos et al., 2010
Mya arenaria
#Master Comment
Alexandrov et al., 2007
Allison, 1997
Alpine and Cloern, 1992
ArcOD
Barnhart et al., 1992
Bishop Museum, 2000
Bookheim and Berry, 1999
Boyd et al., 2002
BSERP, 2007
Byers, 2002
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carl and Guiguet, 1981
Carlton, 1969
Carlton, 1979
Carlton, 1989
Carlton, 1992
Carlton, 1999a
Carlton, 2003
Carlton et al., 2003
Carlton et al., 1990
Castillo, 2000
Castillo et al., 2000b
Cloern et al., 1985
Coan et al., 2000
Cohen et al., 2001a
Cohen, 2004b
Cohen, 2004c
Cohen, 2004a
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen et al., 1995
Cohen et al., 1998
DAISIE
deRivera et al., 2007
Eldredge and DeFelice, 2002
Emmett et al., 1991
EPA, 1999
EPA, 2000
EPA, 2001a
EPA, 2002a
EPA, 2008
Fairey et al., 2002
Feldman et al., 2000
Filice, 1958
Furota and Emmett, 1993
GBIF
Gillespie, 2007
Gillespie et al., 1999
Golden et al., 1998
Hines et al., 2000b
Hinton and Emmett, 2000
Houck et al., 1997
Ivanova et al., 2009
Jamieson et al., 1998
Jones, 1961
Kerckhof et al., 2007
Kimmerer et al., 1994
Kotaka, 1962
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Leppäkoski and Olenin, 2000
Lie, 1968
Lie, 1974
Light et al., 2005
Liu, 2008
Markmann, 1986
Meacham, 2001
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Meehan et al., 1989
Miller et al., 1999
Mills, 2001a
Morris et al., 1980
Nichols and Pamatamat, 1988
Nichols and Thompson, 1985b
Nichols et al., 1990
OBIS
Olenin et al.
PICES Working Group 21, 2010
Ponurovskii and Kokotukhina, 2000
Poulton et al., 2004
Quayle and Bourne, 1972
Quayle, 1960
1864

Ricketts et al., 1985
Rudy and Rudy, 1983
Ruiz et al., 2000
SCAMIT, 2008a
Scherba and Gallucci, 1976
Shelford, 1935
Shluker, 2003
Shouse et al., 2004
Strasser, 1999
Streftaris et al., 2005
Sytsma et al., 2004a
T N & Associates, 2002
Thompson et al., 2000
Turgeon et al., 1988
Visser et al., 2004
WADOE, 2002
Waldeck et al., 2003
Wasson et al., 2002
Wasson et al., 2001
WDFW, 1998
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
Zenetos et al., 2005a
Zenetos et al., 2010
Zongguo, 2001
Mycale cecilia
#Master Comment
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Coles et al., 2002a
Coles et al., 1999a
Cruz-Barraza and Carballo, 2008
de Laubenfels, 1957
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Meadows and Kane, 2006
OBIS
Shluker, 2003
Soest et al.
Wehrtmann and Cortes, 2009
Mycale grandis
#Master Comment
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Coles et al., 2002a
Coles et al., 1999a
GBIF
GISD
Goodwin, 2008
Lim et al., 2009
Meadows and Kane, 2006
OBIS
Shluker, 2003
Mycale parishi
#Master Comment
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Coles et al., 2002a
Coles et al., 1999a
Dept. Env. Water Heritage and Arts
Aus. 2008
Eldredge and Smith, 2001
GBIF
Lim et al., 2009
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Morgado and Tanaka, 2001
OBIS
Shluker, 2003
Soest et al.
WoRMS
Myosotella myosotis
AMBS, 2002
Barnhart et al., 1992
Berman and Carlton, 1991
Bookheim and Berry, 1999
Boyd et al., 2002
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Carlton, 1989
Carlton, 1992
Carlton, 1999a
Carlton, 2003
Carlton et al., 2003
Cohen, 2004b
Cohen, 2004a
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen et al., 1998
Cranfield et al., 1998b
EPA, 2002a
EPA, 2008
Fields and Artigas, 2006
GBIF
Gillespie et al., 1999
Hayward, 1997
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Meacham, 2001
Mills, 2001a
NEMESIS
Orensanz et al., 2002
Rudy and Rudy, 1983
Ruiz et al., 2000
Turgeon et al., 1988
Turgeon et al., 1998
Wasson et al., 2002
1865

Wasson et al., 2001
WDFW, 1998
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
WoRMS
Myrianida pachycera
Boggemann et al., 2003
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Cohen et al., 2002
Dept. Env. Water Heritage and Arts
Aus. 2008
EPA, 2008
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Liu, 2008
SCAMIT, 2008a
WoRMS
Zongguo, 2001
Mytilicola orientalis
#Master Comment
Barnhart et al., 1992
Boyd et al., 2002
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Carlton, 2003
Carlton et al., 2003
Chew et al., 1964
Cohen, 2004b
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen et al., 1998
Gillespie, 2007
Kim, 2004
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Meacham, 2001
Mills, 2001a
Rilov and Crooks, 2009
Ruiz et al., 2000
Steele and Mulcahy, 2001
Streftaris et al., 2005
USGS-NAS
Walter and Boxshall
Wasson et al., 2002
Wasson et al., 2001
WDFW, 1998
WoRMS
Zenetos et al., 2010
Mytilopsis leucophaeata
#Master Comment
DAISIE
GBIF
Kerckhof et al., 2007
Maclellan, 2005
Meacham, 2001
Mills et al., 1996
Mito and Uesugi, 2004
Olenin et al.
Ruiz et al., 2000
Shimura et al., 2007
Silva and Barros, 2011
Streftaris et al., 2005
Therriault et al., 2004
Turgeon et al., 2009
Verween et al., 2007
Mytilopsis sallei
#Master Comment
Asakura, 1992
Bagaveeva and Zvyagintsev, 1999
Baker et al., 2004
Chavanich et al., 2010
Furota et al., 2008
Furuse and Hasegawa, 1984
Gaonkar et al., 2010
GBIF
GISD
Habe, 1980
Horikoshi and Okamoto, 2007a
Iwasaki, 2006
Iwasaki et al., 2004b
Kajihara, 1996
Kimura and Horii, 2004
Kimura et al., 2004
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Malacolog
MEI, 2008
Nabeshima, 2007
NIMPIS, 2002u
NIMPIS
Otani, 2002
Otani, 2006
Rao, 2005
Shimura et al., 2007
Subba Rao, 2005
Wangkulangkul and Lheknim, 2008
Zenetos et al., 2010
Zvyagintsev, 2003
Mytilus galloprovincialis
#Master Comment
Arakawa, 1980
1866

Asai et al., 1997
Asakura, 1992
Ass. Res. Lit. Org. Osaka Bay, 1981
Ass. Res. Lit. Org. Osaka Bay, 1986
Ass. Res. Lit. Org. Osaka Bay, 1993
Ass. Res. Lit. Org. Osaka Bay, 1996
Ass. Res. Lit. Org. Osaka Bay, 2007
Bagaveeva and Zvyagintsev, 1999
Bishop Museum, 2000
Braby and Somero, 2006
Brusca and Hendrickx
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1989
Carlton, 1992
Carlton, 1999a
Carlton, 2003
Carlton et al., 2003
Chavanich et al., 2010
Clarke et al., 2004
Coan and Valentich-Scott, 2007
Coan et al., 2000
Cohen et al., 2001a
Cohen, 1998
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen et al., 2002
Cohen et al., 1998
Crooks, 1998b
Crooks, 1998a
Crooks, 2001
Dawson, 2001
Dept. of Navy, 2000
Desmond et al., 2002
Desmond et al., 1999
Eldredge and DeFelice, 2002
EPA, 1999
EPA, 2008
Fairey et al., 2002
Furota et al., 2008
Furuse and Furota, 1985
GBIF
Gillespie, 2007
Gillespie et al., 1999
GISD
Higo et al., 1999
Hirata et al., 1988
Horikoshi and Okamoto, 2007a
Horikoshi and Okamoto, 2007b
Ishida et al., 2005
Ishii and Watanabe, 2002
Iwaki et al., 1977
Iwasaki, 2006
Iwasaki et al., 2004b
Iwasaki et al., 2004a
Kajihara, 1977
Kajihara, 1996
Kajihara et al., 1976
Kawahara et al., 1979
Kazihara, 1964
Kimura and Sekiguchi, 1996b
Kimura et al., 2004
Kohama et al., 2001
Kubota, 2007
Kuris and Culver, 1999
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Lee et al., 2003a
Liu, 2008
Lutaenko et al., 2006
Matsuoka et al., 1999
Mawatari, 1967
Mawatari and Kobayashi, 1954
Meacham, 2001
Mead et al., 2011
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Meehan et al., 1989
MEI, 2008
Mills, 2001a
Miyazaki, 1938
Muranaka et al., 2005
Nabeshima, 2007
Nunomura and Nambu, 1981
Ohgaki, 2007
Okamoto, 1995
Omori et al., 2000
Otani, 2002
Otani, 2006
Otani et al., 2004
Page, 1997
PICES Working Group 21, 2009
Ruiz et al., 2000
SCAMIT, 2008a
Seo and Lee, 2008
Shimura et al., 2007
Shluker, 2003
Suchanek et al., 1997
Sytsma et al., 2004a
T N & Associates, 2002
Tachikawa, 1996
Takahashi and Okamoto, 1969
Taki, 1937
Teacă et al., 2006
1867

Thompson et al., 2000
Tsuchiya, 1979
Turgeon et al., 1988
Uchihashi, 1939
USGS-NAS
Washitani, 2004
Wasson et al., 2002
Wasson et al., 2001
West et al., 2002
Wonham, 2004
Yajima, 1981
Yamamura, 1972
Yamamura et al., 1969
Yasuda and Hibino, 1986
Yasuhara et al., 1981
Yoo and Kajihara, 1983
Zongguo, 2001
Zvyagintsev, 2003
Myzobdella lugubris
#Master Comment
Becker and Dauble, 1979
Bishop Museum, 2000
CANOD, 2009
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Cohen and Moyle, 2004
Englund et al., 2000b
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Light et al., 2005
Meadows and Kane, 2006
OBIS
Nannastacus sp. (Carlton and Eldredge,
2009)
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Meadows and Kane, 2006
OBIS
Nanosesarma minutum
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Coles et al., 1999a
Eldredge and DeFelice, 2002
GBIF
Li et al., 2010
Meadows and Kane, 2006
OBIS
Sakai, 2008
Saravanakumar et al., 2007
WoRMS
Yan et al., 2006
Nassarius fraterculus
Carlton, 1979
Carlton, 1992
Carlton, 1999a
Cohen, 2004b
GBIF
Gillespie et al., 1999
Ivanova et al., 2009
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Malacolog
Meacham, 2001
Noseworthy and Kwang-Sik, 2010
O'Connor, 2000
PICES Working Group 21, 2009
Turgeon et al., 1988
USGS-NAS
WDFW, 1998
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
Nassarius sinarus
#Master Comment
Fukuda, 2004
Hiroshi, 2004
Iwasaki, 2006
Iwasaki et al., 2004b
Koike et al., 2006
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Leung and Morton, 2000
MEI, 2008
Mori et al., 2002
Nabeshima, 2007
Nishihama and Yurimoto, 2006
OBIS Indo-Pacific Molluscan Database,
2006
Otani, 2006
Tamaki et al., 2002
Neanthes arenaceodentata
#Master Comment
CANOD, 2009
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
OBIS
Shluker, 2003
Nebalia sp. (Cohen and Carlton, 1995)
#Master Comment
CANOD, 2009
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Ruiz et al., 2000
Nemacystus decipiens
#Master Comment
Abbott and Huisman, 2004
AlgaeBase
1868

Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
OBIS
Tako et al., 1999
Western Australian Herbarium
Nematostella vectensis
Barnhart et al., 1992
Boyd et al., 2002
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 2003
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen et al., 1998
EPA, 2008
GBIF
Hand and Uhlinger, 1992
Hand and Uhlinger, 1994
Hinton and Emmett, 2000
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Meacham, 2001
Mills, 1998
Mills, 2001a
OBIS
Reitzel et al., 2008
Rudy and Rudy, 1983
Ruiz et al., 2000
Silva et al., 2010b
Streftaris et al., 2005
Sytsma et al., 2004a
USGS-NAS
Neoamphitrite sp. A (Cohen et al., 2005)
CANOD, 2009
Cohen et al., 2005a
EPA, 2008
Neobenedenia melleni
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
Bullard et al., 2003
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Chavanich et al., 2010
Deveney et al., 2001
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Ogawa et al., 1995
Torchin and Kuris, 2005
Whittington, 2004
Neodexiospira brasiliensis
#Master Comment
CANOD, 2009
Day and Hutchings, 1979
EPA, 2003a
EPA, 2008
GBIF
Hamamoto and Mukai, 1999
Knight-Jones and Knight-Jones, 1975
Kupriyanova et al., 2001
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Mead et al., 2011
Nelson, 1979
OBIS
PICES Working Group 21, 2011
Ruiz et al., 2000
Rzhavsky, 1994
SCAMIT, 2008a
SCAMIT, 2011
Streftaris et al., 2005
Wehe and Fiege, 2002
Williams, 2007c
Zibrowius and Thorp, 1989
Neoheterobothrium hirame
#Master Comment
Chavanich et al., 2010
Furota and Nakayama, 2010
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Shirakash et al., 2006
Neomysis japonica
Dept. Env. Water Heritage and Arts
Aus. 2008
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Modlin, 2007
Suzuki et al., 2009
WoRMS
Zongguo, 2001
Neosiphonia harveyi
#Master Comment
AlgaeBase
CANOD, 2009
GBIF
Hughey et al., 2009
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Leonardi et al., 2006
Maclellan, 2005
Mathieson et al., 2008a
McIvor et al., 2001
Mineura et al., 2007
OBIS
Olenin et al.
Ruiz et al., 2000
Streftaris et al., 2005
Zenetos et al., 2010
1869

Neotachidius triangularis
Chertoprud et al., 2009
Cordell, 2006
Cordell, 2007
Hinton and Emmett, 2000
Huys et al., 2005
Ohtsuka et al., 2004
Simenstad and Fresh, 1995
Sytsma et al., 2004a
Waldeck et al., 2003
Neotrapezium liratum
Carl and Guiguet, 1981
Carlton, 1979
Carlton, 1992
Carlton, 1999a
Coan et al., 2000
Cohen et al., 2001a
GBIF
Gillespie, 2007
Gillespie et al., 1999
Ivanova et al., 2009
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Liu, 2008
Malacolog
Meacham, 2001
OBIS Indo-Pacific Molluscan Database,
2006
Ruiz et al., 2000
Turgeon et al., 1988
Turgeon et al., 1998
WDFW, 1998
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
Yakovlev, 2002
Zongguo, 2001
Niambia capensis
Brusca et al., 2001
Brusca et al., 2007
CANOD, 2009
Ellis and Lincoln, 1975
Espinosa-Pérez and Hendrickx, 2006
Jass and Klausmeier, 2000
OBIS
Schotte et al. 2006
Nicolea sp. A (Cohen et al., 2002)
#Master Comment
CANOD, 2009
Cohen et al., 2002
EPA, 2008
Fairey et al., 2002
Foss, 2011
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
SCAMIT, 2008a
Nicolea zostericola
#Master Comment
ArcOD
Blake and Ruff, 2007
CANOD, 2009
Eckelbarger, 1974
EPA, 2008
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
OBIS
Rzhavsky, 2000
WADOE, 2002
Nippoleucon hinumensis
Akiyama and Yamamoto, 2004b
Akiyama and Yamamoto, 2004a
Bookheim and Berry, 1999
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1989
Carlton, 2003
Carlton et al., 1990
Castillo, 2000
Castillo et al., 2000b
Coan and Valentich-Scott, 2007
Cohen et al., 2001a
Cohen, 1998
Cohen, 2004b
Cohen, 2004c
Cohen, 2004a
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen et al., 1998
EPA, 1999
EPA, 2000
EPA, 2001a
EPA, 2002a
EPA, 2008
Fairey et al., 2002
Ferraro and Cole, 2007
GBIF
Gehrts et al., 2004b
Golden et al., 1998
Hinton and Emmett, 2000
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Lee et al., 2003a
Light et al., 2005
Meacham, 2001
Mills, 2001a
MTS, 1992
Ruiz et al., 2000
1870

Sytsma et al., 2004a
T N & Associates, 2002
Thompson et al., 2000
WADOE, 2002
Waldeck et al., 2003
WDFW, 1998
WDNR, 1998
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
WoRMS
Zipperer, 1996
Nolella stipata
#Master Comment
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Creary and Webber, 2009
EPA, 1999
EPA, 2008
Farrapeira et al., 2009
GBIF
Hayward, 1985
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Liu, 2008
Novosel and Požar-Domac, 2001
Osburn, 1953
Ramalho and Muricy, 2004
Smithsonian-Fort Pierce
T N & Associates, 2002
Winston and Maturo, 2009
Nuttallia obscurata
#Master Comment
Bookheim and Berry, 1999
Byers, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1999a
Carlton, 2003
Castillo, 2000
Coan and Valentich-Scott, 2007
Coan et al., 2000
Cohen, 2004b
Cohen et al., 1998
deRivera et al., 2007
Dinnel and Yates, 2000
Elston, 1997
EPA, 2001a
EPA, 2008
GBIF
Gillespie, 2007
Gillespie and Bourne, 2005b
Gillespie et al., 2004
Gillespie et al., 1999
Gillespie et al., 2001
Huber, 2010
Jamieson et al., 1998
Kolpakov and Kolpakov, 2005
Lamberson, 2004
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Liu, 2008
Meacham, 2001
Mills, 2001a
Mills, 2004
OBIS
Streftaris et al., 2005
Sytsma et al., 2004a
Turgeon et al., 1988
Turgeon et al., 1998
WDFW, 1998
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
Zongguo, 2001
Obelia bidentata
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
Calder, 1993
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
Cangussu et al., 2010
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 2007
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Coles et al., 2002a
EPA, 2008
Fraser, 1937
GBIF
Kelmo and Attrill, 2003
Liu, 2008
Maclellan, 2005
Mead et al., 2011
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Mills, 1998
Mills et al., 2007
Neves and da Rocha, 2008
OBIS
Shluker, 2003
USGS-NAS
WADOE, 2002
Zongguo, 2001
Obelia dichotoma Cmplx
#Master Comment
Aliani and Molcard, 2003
Bishop Museum, 2000
Boyd et al., 2002
1871

Brinckmann-Voss, 1996
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
Cangussu et al., 2010
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen et al., 1998
Coles et al., 2002a
Cranfield et al., 1998a
deRivera et al., 2007
EPA, 2000
EPA, 2008
Fairey et al., 2002
Fraser, 1937
Galea et al., 2007
Gaonkar et al., 2010
GBIF
Kelmo and Attrill, 2003
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Liu, 2008
Lu et al., 2007
Maclellan, 2005
Mead et al., 2011
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Mills, 1998
Mills, 2001a
Morri et al., 2009
Nandakumar, 1996
Neves and da Rocha, 2008
NIMPIS
Paulay et al., 2002
PICES Working Group 21, 2009
Pierri et al., 2010
Shluker, 2003
WADOE, 2002
WoRMS
Wyatt et al., 2005
Yan et al., 2009
Zongguo, 2001
Ocenebra inornata
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Carlton, 1992
Carlton, 1999a
Cohen et al., 2001a
Cohen, 2004b
Cohen et al., 1998
Eernisse et al., 2007
Faasse and Ligthart, 2009
Feldman et al., 2000
GBIF
Gillespie et al., 1999
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Martel et al., 2004a
Martel et al., 2004b
Meacham, 2001
Mills, 2001a
PICES Working Group 21, 2009
Streftaris et al., 2005
Turgeon et al., 1998
WDFW, 1998
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
Zongguo, 2001
Odetta bisuturalis
#Master Comment
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Cohen, 1998
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
EPA, 2002a
EPA, 2008
GBIF
GISD
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Meehan et al., 1989
Ruiz et al., 2000
Turgeon et al., 1988
Turgeon et al., 1998
Odontesthes bonariensis
#Master Comment
Dill and Cordone, 1997
FishBase, 2009
GBIF
Mito and Uesugi, 2004
Oithona davisae
Avent et al., 2000
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1987
Carlton et al., 1990
Cohen, 1998
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cordell, 2007
Fairey et al., 2002
Ferrari and Orsi, 1984
1872

GBIF
Hirakawa, 1989
Light et al., 2005
Modlin and Orsi, 1997
OBIS
Ohtsuka et al., 2004
Ohtsuka et al., 2008
PICES Working Group 21, 2010
Razouls et al.
Ruiz et al., 2000
The Bay Institute, 2004
Okenia eolida
Behrens and Hermosillo, 2005
Burn, 2006
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Cohen, 1998
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cranfield et al., 1998b
EPA, 2008
Fairey et al., 2002
GBIF
Gosliner, 1995
Gosliner, 2004
Hayward, 1997
Hewitt et al., 2004
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Liu, 2008
McDonald, 2007
Rudman, 2004a
Rudman, 2004b
Ruiz et al., 2000
Russell and Hewitt, 2000
Sachidhanandam et al., 2000
Thompson et al., 2000
Turgeon et al., 1988
Turgeon et al., 1998
Wasson et al., 2002
Wasson et al., 2001
Zongguo, 2001
Okenia pellucida
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Cranfield et al., 1998b
Cranfield et al., 1998a
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Meadows and Kane, 2006
OBIS
Paulay, 2011
Rudman, 2004c
Shluker, 2003
Olibrinus truncatus
#Master Comment
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Li, 2003
Omobranchus ferox
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Englund, 2002
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Shluker, 2003
Omobranchus rotundiceps
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Shluker, 2003
Oncorhynchus kisutch
#Master Comment
Armor and Herrgesell, 1985
Barnhart et al., 1992
Busby, 1991
Busby et al., 1988
Castillo, 2000
Chamberlain and Barnhart, 1993
Cornwell et al., 2001
De Ben et al., 1990
Ellis, 1999
Ellis, 2002
Elston, 1997
Emmett et al., 1991
FAO FishFinder
FishBase, 2009
GBIF
Hinton and Emmett, 2000
Iwasaki, 2006
Japan NEIS
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Love et al., 2005
Mecklenburg et al., 2002
Mito and Uesugi, 2004
Monaco et al., 1992
Nichols and Pamatamat, 1988
NIES
NWC, 2001
Olenin et al.
Richardson et al., 2000
1873

Seo and Lee, 2008
Simenstad and Fresh, 1995
Streftaris et al., 2005
Sytsma et al., 2004a
Taniguchi et al., 2000
Oncorhynchus mykiss
#Master Comment
Barnhart et al., 1992
Bishop Museum, 2000
Busby, 1991
Busby et al., 1988
Carlton, 1979
Chen et al., 2006a
Cornwell et al., 2001
Dawson, 2001
Ellis, 1999
Ellis, 2002
Emmett et al., 1991
Feldman et al., 2000
Fierstine et al., 1973
FishBase, 2009
GBIF
Hinton and Emmett, 2000
Iwasaki, 2006
Kido et al., 1999
Kitanishi et al., 2009
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
#Master Classification
Love et al., 2005
Marshall, 2004
Meacham, 2001
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Mecklenburg et al., 2002
MEI, 2008
Mito and Uesugi, 2004
Monaco et al., 1992
NWC, 2001
Olenin et al.
Richardson et al., 2000
Streftaris et al., 2005
Sytsma et al., 2004a
Tasmanian Planning Commission, 2009
UNDP/GEF, 2007
USACE, 1981
USGS-NAS
Yoklavich et al., 2002
Ophiactis savignyi
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
CDF
Coles et al., 2003
DAISIE
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Mead et al., 2011
Paulay, 2011
Paulay et al., 2002
Ramesh et al., 2008
Roy and Sponer, 2002
Smithsonian-Fort Pierce
Streftaris et al., 2005
Zenetos et al., 2010
Ophryotrocha adherens
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
EPA, 2002c
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Nelson et al., 2007
Ophryotrocha labronica pacifica
#Master Comment
Akesson and Paxton, 2005
CANOD, 2009
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Paxton and Åkesson, 2010
Orasiopa mera
#Master Comment
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Cheng and Mathis, 2003
Evenhuis, 2006
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Mathis, 1997
Nishida, 2008
Oreochromis aureus
#Master Comment
Chavanich et al., 2010
FishBase, 2009
GBIF
GISD
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
OBIS
Smithsonian-Fort Pierce
USGS-NAS
Oreochromis mossambicus
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Chavanich et al., 2010
Cheung and Wong, 2006
1874

Coles et al., 2002a
Coles et al., 1999a
FishBase, 2009
GBIF
GISD
Hurlbut, 1992
Ishikawa and Tachihara, 2008
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Mito and Uesugi, 2004
Paulay et al., 2002
Shimura et al., 2007
Shluker, 2003
Smithsonian-Fort Pierce
USGS, 2010
Valle et. al., 1999
Oreochromis niloticus
#Master Comment
Chavanich et al., 2010
FishBase, 2009
GBIF
GISD
Ishikawa and Tachihara, 2008
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Mito and Uesugi, 2004
Streftaris et al., 2005
Orientomysis aspera
#Master Comment
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Chen et al., 2006b
Cohen, 1998
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Light et al., 2005
Liu, 2008
Modlin and Orsi, 1997
Petryashev, 2005
Ruiz et al., 2000
Suzuki et al., 2009
Thompson et al., 2000
Zongguo, 2001
Orientomysis hwanhaiensis
#Master Comment
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Light et al., 2005
Liu, 2008
Modlin, 2007
Modlin and Orsi, 1997
Modlin and Orsi, 2000
Petryashev, 2005
Zongguo, 2001
Orthione griffenis
#Master Comment
Chapman et al., 2006
Dumbauld et al., 2011
GBIF
Griffen, 2009
Liu, 2008
Oregon State University, 2005
PICES Working Group 21, 2010
Smith et al., 2008
USGS-NAS
Williams and An, 2009
Ostrea edulis
#Master Comment
Barnhart et al., 1992
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Carlton, 1992
Coan and Valentich-Scott, 2007
Coan et al., 2000
Cohen, 2004b
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen and Carlton, 1997
Davis and Calabrese, 1969
Fairey et al., 2002
GBIF
Gillespie, 2007
Gillespie et al., 1999
Gillespie et al., 2007
GISD
Haupt et al., 2010
Iwasaki, 2006
Mead et al., 2011
Morton et al., 2003
Petersen, 2004
Ruesink et al., 2005
Ruiz et al., 2000
Salem Sound Coastwatch, 2008
Turgeon et al., 1988
Wasson et al., 2001
Ostrea lurida
#Master Comment
Boyd et al., 2002
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Coan and Valentich-Scott, 2007
1875

Coan et al., 2000
Fasten, 1931
Feldman et al., 2000
Filice, 1958
Hewitt, 1993
Imai et al., 1954
Iwasaki, 2006
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Morris et al., 1980
Nichols and Pamatamat, 1988
Pro Esteros, 2001
Ricketts et al., 1985
Simenstad and Fresh, 1995
USGS-NAS
Wasson et al., 2002
Zedler et al., 1992
Pachygrapsus fakaravensis
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Eldredge and DeFelice, 2002
Eldredge and Smith, 2001
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
OBIS
Poupin, 2008
Poupin, 2010
Sakai, 2008
Shluker, 2003
WoRMS
Pachypygus gibber
#Master Comment
Doi et al., 2011
Dudley and Illg, 1991
GBIF
Hipeau-Jacquotte and Coste, 1989
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
OBIS
Palaemon macrodactylus
#Master Comment
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Carlton, 2003
Carlton et al., 2003
Carlton et al., 1990
Cohen, 1998
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen et al., 2002
Crooks, 1998a
DAISIE
Dept. Env. Water Heritage and Arts
Aus. 2008
Dept. of Navy, 2000
Desmond et al., 1999
EPA, 2000
GBIF
Hieb et al., 2004
Kerckhof et al., 2007
Kuris et al., 2007
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Light et al., 2005
Liu, 2008
Markmann, 1986
Merkel and Associates, Inc., 2001
Micu and Nita, 2009
Ruiz et al., 2000
SCAMIT, 2011
Siegfried et al., 1980
Spivak et al., 2006
Thompson et al., 2000
USGS-NAS
Ward et al., 2000
Ward et al., 2001
Wasson et al., 2002
Wasson et al., 2001
West and Cordrey, 2002
West and Cordrey, 2003
West et al., 2002
Wicksten, 1997
Wicksten, 2008
Williams, 1996
Williams, 1997
Williams and Gibson, 1995
Williams et al., 1998c
Williams et al., 1998b
Williams et al., 1999
Williams et al., 2001
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
Zvyagintsev et al., 2004
Panopea generosa
#Master Comment
Barnhart et al., 1992
Carlton, 1979
Chen et al., 2006a
Coan et al., 2000
Crooks, 1998a
Dudas and Dower, 2006
Emmett et al., 1991
EPA, 2008
GBIF
Huber, 2010
1876

Jamieson et al., 1998
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Lutaenko, 2006
Morris et al., 1980
OBIS
Oliver et al., 1980
Ricketts et al., 1985
SCAMIT, 2008a
Turgeon et al., 1998
UNDP/GEF, 2007
Vadopalas et al., 2010
WADOE, 2002
Wasson et al., 2002
Weston, 1990
Weymouth, 1921
Panopeus lacustris
Abele and Kim, 1989
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Coles et al., 1999a
Eldredge and DeFelice, 2002
Englund, 2002
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Meadows and Kane, 2006
OBIS
Shluker, 2003
Williams, 1983
WoRMS
Parablennius thysanius
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
GBIF
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Shluker, 2003
Paracaprella pusilla
#Master Comment
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Díaz et al., 2005
Eldredge and DeFelice, 2002
GBIF
Guerra-Garcia et al., 2009
Guerra-Garcia et al., 2006
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Mead et al., 2011
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Montelli and Lewis, 2008
Shluker, 2003
Paracerceis sculpta
Ariyama and Otani, 2004
Bishop Museum, 2000
Brusca et al., 2001
Brusca et al., 2007
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
Carlton, 1979
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Coles et al., 2002a
DAISIE
Dept. of Navy, 2000
EPA, 1999
EPA, 2002a
EPA, 2008
Espinosa-Pérez and Hendrickx, 2002
Espinosa-Pérez and Hendrickx, 2006
Fairey et al., 2002
GBIF
Hewitt and Campbell, 2001
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Mead et al., 2011
Meadows and Kane, 2006
MEI, 2008
NIMPIS, 2002d
Nunomura, 1988
OBIS
Occhipinti-Ambrogi, 2000
Rodriguez et al., 1992
SCAMIT, 2008a
Shluker, 2003
Streftaris et al., 2005
T N & Associates, 2002
Zenetos et al., 2010
Zongguo, 2001
Paracorophium sp. (Chapman, 2007)
#Master Comment
Boyd et al., 2002
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Chapman, 2007
Chapman, 2009
EPA, 1999
EPA, 2008
Fairey et al., 2002
Fenwick, 2001
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
SCAMIT, 2008b
T N & Associates, 2002
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
Paradella dianae
Brusca et al., 2001
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
1877

Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
EPA, 2002a
EPA, 2008
Espinosa-Pérez and Hendrickx, 2006
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Li, 2003
NIMPIS, 2002h
NIMPIS
Pires, 1980
Ramadan et al., 2006
Rodriguez et al., 1992
SCAMIT, 2008a
Smithsonian-Fort Pierce
Streftaris et al., 2005
Zenetos et al., 2010
Zongguo, 2001
Paradexamine sp. (Chapman, 2007)
#Master Comment
Cadien, 2007c
Cadien, 2007h
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Chapman, 2007
Chapman, 2009
Cohen, 1998
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen et al., 2002
EPA, 2008
Fairey et al., 2002
GBIF
Ruiz et al., 2000
SCAMIT, 2008a
Thompson et al., 2000
Paraleucothoe sp. (Carlton and Eldredge,
2009)
#Master Comment
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Coles et al., 2002a
Coles et al., 1999a
Eldredge and DeFelice, 2002
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Shluker, 2003
Paralichthys dentatus
#Master Comment
Chen et al., 2006a
FishBase, 2009
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
UNDP/GEF, 2007
Paralichthys lethostigma
#Master Comment
Chen et al., 2008
FishBase, 2009
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Smithsonian-Fort Pierce
USGS-NAS
Paralimnoria andrewsi
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Doi et al., 2011
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Menzies, 1957
OBIS
OBIS Indo-Pacific Molluscan Database,
2006
Shluker, 2003
WoRMS
Parambassis ranga
#Master Comment
FishBase, 2009
GBIF
Ishikawa and Tachihara, 2008
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Mito and Uesugi, 2004
Paranais frici
#Master Comment
Bij de Vaate et al., 2002
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Chapman and Brinkhurst, 1981
Cohen, 1998
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen and Moyle, 2004
Dept. Env. Water Heritage and Arts
Aus. 2008
GBIF
Lee et al., 2003b
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Light et al., 2005
Markmann, 1986
Martinez-Ansemil and Giani, 1987
Meacham, 2001
NEMESIS
Olenin et al.
1878

Paavola et al., 2005
Ruiz et al., 2000
Slynko et al., 2002
Streftaris et al., 2005
Sytsma et al., 2004a
Thompson et al., 2000
Wang and Cui, 2007
WDFW, 1998
Yildız et al., 2007
Zongguo, 2001
Paranthura japonica
Brusca et al., 2007
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Cohen, 1998
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen et al., 2002
EPA, 2006a
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Li, 2003
Liu, 2008
Nakaoka et al., 2001
PICES Working Group 21, 2009
Ruiz et al., 2000
Zongguo, 2001
Parapseudes pedispinis
Bishop Museum, 2000
Burch and Burch, 1997
CANOD, 2009
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Coles et al., 1999a
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Meadows and Kane, 2006
SCAMIT, 2008a
Shluker, 2003
Parathroscinus murphyi
#Master Comment
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Englund, 2002
Englund et al., 2000a
GBIF
Paratissa pollinosa
#Master Comment
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Patinopecten yessoensis
#Master Comment
Barret et al., 1996
Carlton, 1992
Chavanich et al., 2010
Chen et al., 2006a
Coan et al., 2000
FAO Fact Sheets
GBIF
Gillespie et al., 1999
Jia and Chen, 2001
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Liu, 2008
Lovatelli, 1990
Lutaenko et al., 2006
Minchin, 2003
NOAA/MAF, 2008
PICES Working Group 21, 2008
Seo and Lee, 2008
Streftaris et al., 2005
UNDP/GEF, 2007
Zvyagintsev et al., 2004
Pecten maximus
#Master Comment
Chavanich et al., 2010
Chen et al., 2006a
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
OBIS
Seo and Lee, 2008
UNDP/GEF, 2007
Pennaria disticha
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
Bouillon et al., 2004
Calder et al., 2003
Carlton, 1979
Carlton, 2009
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Coles et al., 2002a
Coles et al., 1999a
Coles et al., 2003
Cranfield et al., 1998a
Eldredge and Smith, 2001
Fraser, 1937
GBIF
Hirohito, 1988
Kelmo and Vargas, 2002
Kirkendale and Calder, 2003
Knapp et al., 2011
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Li et al., 2010
Light et al., 2005
Liu, 2008
1879

Mead et al., 2011
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Mills et al., 2007
Morri et al., 2009
OBIS
Paulay et al., 2002
Shluker, 2003
Streftaris et al., 2005
WoRMS
Zongguo, 2001
Perca flavescens
#Master Comment
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Cohen, 2004c
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
FishBase, 2009
Meacham, 2001
Sytsma et al., 2004a
Waldeck et al., 2003
Peridiniopsis penardiforme
#Master Comment
AlgaeBase
Chavanich et al., 2010
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Lee et al., 2002
Perinereis aibuhitensis
#Master Comment
bioSearch, 2009
Chen et al., 2006a
Choi and Lee, 1997
GBIF
Hutchings et al., 1991
Iwasaki, 2006
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Lee et al., 1992
Lutaenko, 2010
Mito and Uesugi, 2004
OBIS
Paxton and Chou, 2000
Quan et al., 2009
Zvyagintsev, 2007
Zvyagintsev et al., 2011
Peristichia pedroana
#Master Comment
Brusca and Hendrickx
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Oldroyd, 1927
Shluker, 2003
Turgeon et al., 1998
Perkinsus marinus
#Master Comment
Bower, 2010
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Kim and Powell, 2007
LeCroy et al., 2009
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Maclellan, 2005
Perkinsyllis spinisetosa
#Master Comment
EPA, 2002c
Fauchald et al., 2009
Fukunaga, 2008
GBIF
Moncur et al., 1999
Nelson et al., 2007
OBIS
San Martín et al., 2009
Perna viridis
Arakawa, 1980
Asakura, 1992
Bagaveeva and Zvyagintsev, 1999
Baker et al., 2007
Chavanich et al., 2010
Furota et al., 2008
Hanyu and Sekiguchi, 2000
Horikoshi and Okamoto, 2007a
Horikoshi and Okamoto, 2007b
Ishikawa and Okutani, 2003
Iwasaki, 2006
Iwasaki et al., 2004b
Kajihara, 1996
Kimura et al., 2004
Kubota, 2007
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Li et al., 2010
Lovatelli, 1990
Mead et al., 2011
MEI, 2008
Nabeshima, 2007
NIMPIS
Ohgaki, 2007
Otani, 2002
Otani, 2006
Rao, 2005
Ruiz et al., 2000
Shimura et al., 2007
Smithsonian-Fort Pierce
Subba Rao, 2005
Washitani, 2004
1880

Wells et al., 2009
Yokogawa and Nabeshima, 1998
Zvyagintsev, 2003
Perophora japonica
Abbott et al., 2007
CANOD, 2009
DAISIE
GBIF
Gittenberger, 2007
Lambert, 2005
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Locke, 2009
Nishikawa et al., 2000
Rocha et al., 2009
Sanamyan, 1998b
Streftaris et al., 2005
Petricola lithophaga
#Master Comment
Chavanich et al., 2010
Furota et al., 2008
GBIF
Horikoshi and Okamoto, 2007a
Horikoshi and Okamoto, 2007b
Iwasaki, 2006
Iwasaki et al., 2004b
Kimura et al., 2004
Kurozumi and Okamoto, 2002
Lee et al., 2008
Nabeshima, 2007
OBIS
Okamoto, 2007
Otani, 2006
Otani et al., 2004
Petricolaria pholadiformis
Abbott, 1974
Brunel et al., 1998
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Carlton, 1992
Carlton, 1999a
Coan and Valentich-Scott, 2007
Coan et al., 2000
Cohen et al., 2001a
Cohen, 1998
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
DAISIE
EPA, 2008
GBIF
Gillespie, 2007
Gillespie et al., 1999
Kerckhof et al., 2007
Lee et al., 2003b
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
#Master Classification
Leppäkoski and Olenin, 2000
Malacolog
Meacham, 2001
Meehan et al., 1989
Morris et al., 1980
OBIS
Olenin et al.
Paavola et al., 2005
Ruiz et al., 2000
Streftaris et al., 2005
Turgeon et al., 1988
WDFW, 1998
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
WWF, 2004
Zenetos et al., 2010
Zenetos et al., 2009
Phacosoma gibba
#Master Comment
Bernard et al., 1993
Iwasaki, 2006
Otani, 2006
Pilsbry, 1895
Phallusia nigra
#Master Comment
Abdul et al., 2009
Ali et al., 2009
Berrill, 1932
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Carman et al., 2011
Carman et al., 2010
Coles et al., 2002a
Coles et al., 1999a
Coles et al., 2003
Eldredge and Smith, 2001
Lambert, 2002
Lambert, 2003b
Marins et al., 2010
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Nobrega et al., 2004
OBIS
Paulay et al., 2002
Rao, 2005
Rocha and Costa, 2005
Rocha et al., 2010
Rocha et al., 1999
1881

Shenkar and Loya, 2008
Shenkar and Loya, 2009
Shluker, 2003
Streftaris et al., 2005
Subba Rao, 2005
Van Name, 1945
Zenetos et al., 2010
Philine auriformis
#Master Comment
Bagaveeva and Zvyagintsev, 1999
Behrens, 2004
Behrens and Hermosillo, 2005
Cadien and Ranasinghe, 2001
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 2003
Carlton et al., 2003
Chow, 1999
Cohen, 1998
Cohen, 2004b
Cohen, 2004c
Cohen, 2004a
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
EPA, 1999
EPA, 2008
Fairey et al., 2002
GBIF
Gosliner, 1995
Grosholz and Ruiz, 1995
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Light et al., 2005
Merkel and Associates, Inc., 2001
Price et al., 2011
Ruiz et al., 2000
SCAMIT, 2008a
T N & Associates, 2002
Thompson et al., 2000
Turgeon et al., 1988
Turgeon et al., 1998
Wasson et al., 2002
Wasson et al., 2001
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
Zvyagintsev, 2003
Philine orientalis
Behrens, 2004
Behrens and Hermosillo, 2005
Cadien and Ranasinghe, 2001
CANOD, 2009
Chow, 1999
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
GBIF
Jensen, 2007
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
#Master Classification
Liu, 2008
OBIS
Price et al., 2011
Ruiz et al., 2000
Zongguo, 2001
Phoronis hippocrepia
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
DAISIE
Emig
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
OBIS
Temereva and Malakhov, 2009
WoRMS
Phyllodesmium poindimiei
#Master Comment
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
OBIS
Phyllorhiza punctata
Abed-Navandi and Kikinger, 2007
Bishop Museum, 2000
Bolton and Graham, 2004
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Dept. of Navy, 2000
GBIF
GISD
Graham et al., 2003
Haddad and Nogueira, 2006
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Ruiz et al., 2000
Shluker, 2003
Silva and Barros, 2011
Smithsonian-Fort Pierce
Streftaris et al., 2005
Zenetos et al., 2010
Pigrogromitus timsanus
#Master Comment
Arango, 2003
Arnaud and Bamber, 1987
Bishop Museum, 2000
1882

Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Child, 1979
Child, 1988
Coles et al., 2002a
Coles et al., 1999a
Galil, 2007
Galil, 2009
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Shluker, 2003
Zenetos et al., 2005a
Zenetos et al., 2010
Pileolaria militaris
#Master Comment
Bailey-Brock, 2003
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Dept. Env. Water Heritage and Arts
Aus. 2008
GBIF
Knight-Jones and Knight-Jones, 1974
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Surugiu, 2005
Pilumnus oahuensis
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Coles et al., 1997
Eldredge and DeFelice, 2002
GBIF
Meadows and Kane, 2006
OBIS
Shluker, 2003
Pinauay crocea
Barnhart et al., 1992
Bouillon et al., 2004
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
Cangussu et al., 2010
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Carlton, 1989
Carlton, 2003
Carlton et al., 2003
Chapman and Carlton, 1991
Clarke et al., 2004
Cohen, 2004b
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen et al., 1998
Crooks, 1998a
Dept. of Navy, 2000
deRivera et al., 2007
EPA, 2008
Fairey et al., 2002
Fraser, 1937
GBIF
Hewitt, 1993
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Mills, 1998
Mills et al., 2007
NIMPIS, 2002n
Orensanz et al., 2002
Rudy and Rudy, 1983
Ruiz et al., 2000
Ruiz et al., 2006
SCAMIT, 2008a
USGS-NAS
Wasson et al., 2002
Wasson et al., 2001
WDFW, 1998
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
Pistorius bidens
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Schotte et al.
WoRMS
Placopsidella marquesana
#Master Comment
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Englund et al., 2000a
Evenhuis, 2009
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Mathis, 1986
Plakosyllis brevipes
#Master Comment
Fauchald et al., 2009
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Miloslavich et al., 2010
Musco and Giangrande, 2005
Nelson et al., 2007
OBIS
San Martín and Bone, 2001
Swartz et al., 2002
WoRMS
Platyarthrus aiasensis
#Master Comment
Brusca et al., 2001
Brusca et al., 2007
Espinosa-Pérez and Hendrickx, 2006
Schmalfuss, 2004
Podocerus brasiliensis
#Master Comment
1883

Brusca and Hendrickx
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Chapman, 2007
Chapman, 2009
Coles et al., 1999a
Dept. of Navy, 2000
Eldredge and DeFelice, 2002
EPA, 2002a
EPA, 2008
Fairey et al., 2002
GBIF
Huang et al., 1999
Kilgallen, 2009
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Meadows and Kane, 2006
OBIS
Rabindranath, 1972
SCAMIT, 2008a
Shluker, 2003
Subba Rao, 2005
Podocorynoides minima
#Master Comment
Chaplygina and Dautova, 2005
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Miglietta et al., 2008
Petrova and Dautova, 2008
Schuchert, 2007
Silveira and Morandini, 2011
Zvyagintsev et al., 2011
Poecilia latipinna
#Master Comment
ASFB
Bishop Museum, 2000
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Chavanich et al., 2010
Coles et al., 1999a
Crooks, 1998a
Dept. of Navy, 2000
Desmond et al., 2000b
Dill and Cordone, 1997
FishBase, 2009
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Shluker, 2003
USGS-NAS
West and Zedler, 2000
Williams and Zedler, 1999
Poecilia mexicana
#Master Comment
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
FishBase, 2009
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Shluker, 2003
USGS, 2010
USGS-NAS
Poecilia reticulata
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
Brasher et al., 2006
Englund, 2002
FishBase, 2009
GBIF
Ishikawa and Tachihara, 2008
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Mito and Uesugi, 2004
Smithsonian-Fort Pierce
Polyandrocarpa sagamiensis
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Carman et al., 2011
Coles et al., 2002a
Lambert, 2002
Lambert, 2003b
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Paulay et al., 2002
Shluker, 2003
WoRMS
Zheng, 1995
Zongguo, 2001
Polyandrocarpa zorritensis
#Master Comment
Abbott et al., 2007
Bishop Museum, 2000
Brunetti and Mastrototaro, 2004
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Carman et al., 2011
Carman et al., 2010
Chavanich et al., 2010
Cohen, 2006
1884

Cohen et al., 2002
Coles et al., 2002a
Crooks, 1998a
Dept. of Navy, 2000
deRivera et al., 2007
Fairey et al., 2002
Furota and Nakayama, 2010
GBIF
Iwasaki, 2006
Iwasaki et al., 2004b
Izquierdo-Muñoz et al., 2009
Lambert and Lambert, 1998
Lambert and Lambert, 2003
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Locke, 2009
Meadows and Kane, 2006
MEI, 2008
Mito and Uesugi, 2004
Nabeshima, 2007
Nishikawa and Kawamura, 1993
OBIS
Olenin and Didžiulis, 2009
Otani, 2002
Otani, 2006
Rocha et al., 2009
Ruiz et al., 2000
SCAMIT, 2008a
Shenkar and Swalla, 2011
Shimura et al., 2007
Shluker, 2003
Streftaris et al., 2005
USGS-NAS
Van Name, 1945
WoRMS
Zenetos et al., 2005a
Zenetos et al., 2010
Polyclinum constellatum
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Carman et al., 2011
Carman et al., 2010
Coles et al., 2002a
Coles et al., 1999a
GBIF
Lambert, 2002
Lambert, 2003b
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Liu, 2008
Locke, 2009
Marins et al., 2010
Meadows and Kane, 2006
OBIS
Paulay et al., 2002
Primo and Vazquez, 2008
Rocha and Costa, 2005
Rocha et al., 2010
Rocha et al., 2009
Shluker, 2003
Van Name, 1945
WoRMS
Zheng, 1995
Zongguo, 2001
Polydora cornuta
#Master Comment
Barnhart et al., 1992
Blake and Ruff, 2007
Boyd et al., 2002
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
Cangussu et al., 2010
CANOD, 2008
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Carlton, 1989
Carlton, 2003
Carlton et al., 2003
Castillo, 2000
Chapman and Carlton, 1991
Çinar et al., 2005a
Cohen et al., 2001a
Cohen, 1998
Cohen, 2004c
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen et al., 1998
Cole, 1988
Crooks, 1998b
Crooks, 1998a
Dağlı and Ergen, 2008
DAISIE
Dean, 2004
Dept. of Navy, 2000
Eijiro and Takahiro, 2004
EPA, 1999
EPA, 2000
EPA, 2001a
EPA, 2002a
EPA, 2008
Fairey et al., 2002
Filice, 1958
Furota and Emmett, 1993
GBIF
1885

Golden et al., 1998
Hancock et al., 1977
Hinton and Emmett, 2000
Jones, 1961
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Levin, 1984a
Levin et al., 1998
Liu, 2008
Meacham, 2001
Neves and da Rocha, 2008
Nichols and Pamatamat, 1988
Nichols and Thompson, 1985b
Nordby and Zedler, 1991
OBIS
Olenin and Didžiulis, 2009
Orensanz et al., 2002
PICES Working Group 21, 2011
PICES Working Group 21, 2010
Radashevsky, 1999
Radashevsky and Hsieh, 2000a
Rice et al., 2008
Ruiz et al., 2000
Sato-Okoshi, 2000
SCAMIT, 2008a
Silva and Barros, 2011
Surugiu, 2005
Sytsma et al., 2004a
T N & Associates, 2002
Talley and Levin, 1999
Talley et al., 2000
Thompson et al., 2000
WADOE, 2002
Ward et al., 2000
Ward et al., 2001
Wasson et al., 2002
Wasson et al., 2001
WDFW, 1998
West and Cordrey, 2002
West and Cordrey, 2003
Williams, 1997
Williams et al., 1998b
Williams et al., 1999
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
Zedler et al., 1992
Zenetos et al., 2005a
Zenetos et al., 2010
Zvyagintsev et al., 2011
Polydora limicola
#Master Comment
Bagaveeva, 1981
Bagaveeva and Zvyagintsev, 1999
Bagaveeva and Zvyagintsev, 2000
Blake and Ruff, 2007
Boyd et al., 2002
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2008
CANOD, 2009
Dept. of Navy, 2000
EPA, 1999
EPA, 2000
EPA, 2008
Fairey et al., 2002
GBIF
Hartman, 1961
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Losovskaya and Zolotarev, 2003
Manchenko and Radashevsky, 1993
MSIP
PICES Working Group 21, 2011
PICES Working Group 21, 2010
SCAMIT, 2008a
T N & Associates, 2002
WADOE, 2002
Zvyagintsev, 2003
Zvyagintsev et al., 2009
Zvyagintsev et al., 2004
Zvyagintsev et al., 2011
Polydora nuchalis
Bailey-Brock, 2000
Bishop Museum, 2000
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Dept. of Navy, 2000
Desmond et al., 2002
EPA, 1999
EPA, 2002a
EPA, 2008
GBIF
Lana et al., 2006
Levin and Talley, 2002
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Nordby and Zedler, 1991
Pro Esteros, 2001
Rudy and Rudy, 1983
SCAMIT, 2008a
Shluker, 2003
Silva and Barros, 2011
T N & Associates, 2002
Talley and Levin, 1999
1886

Ward et al., 2000
Ward et al., 2001
West and Cordrey, 2002
West and Cordrey, 2003
Williams, 1996
Williams, 1997
Williams and Gibson, 1995
Williams et al., 1998b
Williams et al., 1999
Zedler et al., 1992
Polydora websteri
#Master Comment
Barnhart et al., 1992
Bishop Museum, 2000
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Dept. of Navy, 2000
EPA, 1999
EPA, 2008
Fairey et al., 2002
GBIF
Meadows and Kane, 2006
OBIS
Read, 2010
SCAMIT, 2011
Shluker, 2003
T N & Associates, 2002
Williams and Radashevsky, 1999
Polysiphonia brodiei
AlgaeBase
Chapman and Therriault, 2010
Clarke et al., 2004
Fairey et al., 2002
GBIF
Hollenberg, 1944
Inglis et al., 2006e
Inglis et al., 2008a
Murray et al., 2005
OBIS
PICES Working Group 21, 2010
Tasmanian Planning Commission, 2009
Polysiphonia denudata
#Master Comment
AlgaeBase
Amado Filho et al., 2006
Boyd et al., 2002
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Cohen, 1998
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Edwards, 1970
GBIF
Inglis et al., 2006f
Josselyn and West, 1985
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Mathieson et al., 2008a
Nichols and Pamatamat, 1988
Ruiz et al., 2000
Williams and Smith, 2007
WoRMS
Porcellio dilatatus
#Master Comment
Brusca et al., 2001
DAISIE
EPA, 2002a
EPA, 2008
GBIF
Harding and Sutton, 1985
Katsuhiro and Masatsune, 2005
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Taiti and Howarth, 1996
Porcellio laevis
#Master Comment
Brusca et al., 2001
Brusca et al., 2007
Brusca et al., 1995
Carlton, 2009
DAISIE
Englund, 2002
GBIF
Iwasa, 1939
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
OBIS
Schmalfuss, 2004
Schultz, 1972
Taiti and Howarth, 1996
Porcellio lamellatus
#Master Comment
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Dept. Env. Water Heritage and Arts
Aus. 2008
Montesanto et al., 2007
Schultz, 1972
Shluker, 2003
Taiti and Howarth, 1996
Porcellio scaber
#Master Comment
Brusca et al., 2001
Brusca et al., 2007
1887

Espinosa-Pérez and Hendrickx, 2006
GBIF
George and Stromberg, 1968
GISD
Katsuhiro and Masatsune, 2005
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Schultz, 1972
Slabber and Chown, 2002
Sytsma et al., 2004a
Taiti and Howarth, 1996
USACE, 1981
Potamocorbula laevis
Carlton et al., 1990
GBIF
OBIS Indo-Pacific Molluscan Database,
2006
Sato and Koh, 2004
Shin et al., 2004
Potamopyrgus antipodarum
#Master Comment
Bourne, 1982
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Cohen, 2004c
DAISIE
EPA, 1999
EPA, 2000
EPA, 2001a
EPA, 2002a
EPA, 2008
Fairey et al., 2002
GBIF
Kerckhof et al., 2007
Light et al., 2005
Meacham, 2001
Minchin and Eno, 2002
OBIS
Olenin et al.
Paavola et al., 2005
Ruiz et al., 2000
Streftaris et al., 2005
Sytsma et al., 2004a
T N & Associates, 2002
Turgeon et al., 1988
Urabe, 2007
Waldeck et al., 2003
WDFW, 1998
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
Procanace williamsi
#Master Comment
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Englund et al., 2000a
Tanaka River Creature Expedition, 2000
Procerastea nematodes
#Master Comment
Blake and Ruff, 2007
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Welch and Ruff, 2008
WoRMS
Prokelisia marginata
#Master Comment
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Daehler and Strong, 1995
Grevstad, 2004
Grevstad et al., 2001
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Prosuberites sp. (Hartman, 1975)
#Master Comment
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
Carlton, 1979
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Kozloff, 1996
Lee et al., 2007b
Lee et al., 2007a
Ruiz et al., 2000
Protodorvillea biarticulata
#Master Comment
bioSearch, 2009
Day, 1967a
de Santa-Isabel et al., 1998
Dept. Env. Water Heritage and Arts
Aus. 2008
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Nelson et al., 2007
OBIS
Santi and Tavares, 2009
Swartz et al., 2002
Zenetos et al., 2010
Protodorvillea egena
Banse and Hartmann-Schroder, 1964
Day, 1967a
Dept. Env. Water Heritage and Arts
Aus. 2008
GBIF
ICES, 2002
1888

Joydas and Damodaran, 2004
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Moncur et al., 1999
Nelson et al., 2007
OBIS
Occhipinti-Ambrogi et al., 2010
Ong, 1995
Seo et al., 2009
Streftaris et al., 2005
Wehe and Fiege, 2002
Zenetos et al., 2005a
Zenetos et al., 2010
Protodriloides chaetifer
#Master Comment
Hooge, 1999
Kozloff, 1996
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
OBIS
Welch and Ruff, 2008
Wieser, 1959
Psammopsyllus stri
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Pselactus spadix
#Master Comment
CANOD, 2009
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
O'Brien, 1997
Psetta maxima
#Master Comment
Chavanich et al., 2010
Chen et al., 2006a
FishBase, 2009
GBIF
Seo and Lee, 2008
Thomson, 1922
UNDP/GEF, 2007
Pseudodiaptomus forbesi
Avent et al., 2000
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton et al., 1990
Cohen, 1998
Cohen, 2004c
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen and Moyle, 2004
Cordell and Morrison, 1996
Cordell et al., 2008
EPA, 1999
EPA, 2008
Fairey et al., 2002
GBIF
Kimmerer et al., 2002
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Liu, 2008
Mecum, 2004
Ohtsuka et al., 2004
Orsi and Ohtsuka, 1999
Razouls et al.
Ruiz et al., 2000
Sytsma et al., 2004a
T N & Associates, 2002
The Bay Institute, 2004
Toft et al., 2002
Waldeck et al., 2003
Pseudodiaptomus inopinus
#Master Comment
Bollens et al., 2002
Carlton, 2003
Cohen, 2004b
Cohen, 2004c
Cohen, 2004a
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen et al., 1998
Cordell and Morrison, 1996
Cordell et al., 2008
Cordell et al., 2007b
Elston, 1997
GBIF
Hinton and Emmett, 2000
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Liu, 2008
Meacham, 2001
Mills, 2001a
OBIS
Ohtsuka et al., 2004
Ohtsuka et al., 2008
Razouls et al.
Ruiz et al., 2000
Sytsma et al., 2004a
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
Pseudodiaptomus marinus
#Master Comment
Avent et al., 2000
Bishop Museum, 2000
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1989
1889

Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Carlton et al., 1990
Chang and Fang, 2004
Cohen, 1998
Cohen, 2004b
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen and Moyle, 2004
Cohen et al., 1998
Cordell et al., 2008
Crooks, 1998a
Fairey et al., 2002
Fleminger and Kramer, 1988
GBIF
Ivanova et al., 2009
Jiménez-Pérez and Castro-Longoria,
2006
Kimmerer, 1993
Kimmerer et al., 2002
Light et al., 2005
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Moon et al., 2006
Ohtsuka et al., 2004
Ohtsuka et al., 2008
Orsi and Ohtsuka, 1999
Razouls et al.
Ruiz et al., 2000
Shluker, 2003
The Bay Institute, 2004
USGS-NAS
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
Zongguo, 2001
Pseudomyicola spinosus
#Master Comment
Goulletquer et al., 2002
Hine, 1989
Ho, 2005
Kim, 2004
Ruiz et al., 2000
Streftaris et al., 2005
Walter and Boxshall
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
Pseudo-nitzschia americana
#Master Comment
AlgaeBase
GBIF
Kaczmarska et al., 2006
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Lundholm et al., 2002
OBIS
Orlova and Shevchenko, 2002
Zvyagintsev et al., 2011
Pseudopolydora antennata
#Master Comment
Abd-Elnaby, 2009a
bioSearch, 2009
Bishop Museum, 2000
Coles et al., 2002a
Coles et al., 2002b
Dept. Env. Water Heritage and Arts
Aus. 2008
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
MSIP
Nelson et al., 2007
OBIS
Okuda, 1937
Sato-Okoshi, 2000
Silva and Barros, 2011
Simon, 2009
Simon et al., 2009
Woodwick, 1964
Zhou et al., 2010
Pseudopolydora bassarginensis
Cohen et al., 2001a
Entrix, 2003
PICES Working Group 21, 2011
PICES Working Group 21, 2010
Radashevsky and Hsieh, 2000a
Pseudopotamilla occelata
#Master Comment
Bagaveeva and Zvyagintsev, 1999
Bagaveeva and Zvyagintsev, 2000
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
EPA, 2000
EPA, 2008
Fauchald, 1977
GBIF
Greene et al., 1983
Hoberg and Feder, 2002
Kashin et al., 2003
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Lie, 1968
Moore, 1905a
Moore, 1905b
Nakao, 1982
PICES Working Group 21, 2011
PISCO, 2001a
PISCO, 2001b
Raimondi, 2002
Reish, 1949
SCAMIT, 2011
1890

WADOE, 2002
Welch, 2005
WoRMS
Zvyagintsev, 2003
Zvyagintsev and Bagaveeva, 1998
Zvyagintsev et al., 2011
Zvyagintsev et al., 2003
Pseudosphaeroma sp. (Bruce and Wetzer,
2008)
#Master Comment
Bruce and Wetzer, 2008
Brusca et al., 2007
CANOD, 2009
Cohen et al., 2005a
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Montelli and Lewis, 2008
Pseudovermilia occidentalis
#Master Comment
Bailey-Brock, 1976
Bishop Museum, 2000
Coles et al., 2002a
Dean, 2004
Díaz, et al., 2009
Fauchald et al., 2009
GBIF
Godwin and Bolick, 2006
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Nelson et al., 2007
OBIS
ten Hove and Kupriyanova, 2009
Tovar-Hernández et al., 2009a
Psilopa girschneri
#Master Comment
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
CDF
Englund et al., 2000a
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Psychoda salicornia
#Master Comment
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Pylaiella littoralis
#Master Comment
AlgaeBase
bioSearch, 2009
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Çinar et al., 2005a
Cross et al., 1987b
Fairey et al., 2002
GBIF
John et al., 1994
Josselyn and West, 1985
Kozhenkova, 2009
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Lindauer and Taranaki, 1946
Lindstrom and Lindstrom
Longtin et al., 2009
OBIS
Silva, 2002
Streftaris et al., 2005
Verlaque, 2001
Zenetos et al., 2010
Pyrgophorus coronatus
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Englund, 2002
OBIS
Rosenberg et al., 2009
Pyromaia tuberculata
Asakura, 1992
Braga et al., 2005
Brusca and Hendrickx
Carlton, 1979
City of San Diego, 2003
Cohen and Carlton, 1997
Cole, 1988
Dept. of Navy, 2000
Doi et al., 2011
Dromgoole and Foster, 1983
EPA, 1999
EPA, 2000
EPA, 2008
Fairey et al., 2002
Furota and Furuse, 1988
Furota and Kinoshita, 2004
Furota et al., 2008
GBIF
Hayward, 1997
Iwasaki, 2006
Iwasaki et al., 2004b
Kimura et al., 2004
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
MEI, 2008
Merkel and Associates, Inc., 2001
Nabeshima, 2007
OBIS
Ohta, 1983
Orensanz et al., 2002
Otani, 2006
1891

PICES Working Group 21, 2009
Pro Esteros, 2001
Sakai, 1976b
SCAMIT, 2008a
Shimura et al., 2007
Silva and Barros, 2011
T N & Associates, 2002
Terada, 1983
Thompson et al., 2000
Washitani, 2004
Watling and Carlton, 2007
Wicksten, 2008
Ralfsia bornetii
#Master Comment
AlgaeBase
de Oliveria et al.
GBIF
Kepel, 1999
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Zvyagintsev et al., 2011
Redekea californica
#Master Comment
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Crooks, 1998a
Dept. of Navy, 2000
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Ruiz et al., 2011
Ruiz et al., 2000
Rhithropanopeus harrisii
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Carlton, 1989
Carlton, 2003
Castillo, 2000
Cohen, 1998
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen and Carlton, 1997
Cohen and Moyle, 2004
Cohen et al., 1995
DAISIE
Doi et al., 2011
Filice, 1958
GBIF
GISD
Hunt and Behrens Yamada, 2003
Iseda et al., 2007
Kerckhof et al., 2007
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Light et al., 2005
Markmann, 1986
MEI, 2008
Mills and Sommer, 1995
Nabeshima, 2007
OBIS
Olenin et al.
Paavola et al., 2005
PICES Working Group 21, 2010
Roche and Torchin, 2007
Rudy and Rudy, 1983
Ruiz et al., 2000
Siegfried et al., 1980
Silva and Barros, 2011
Streftaris et al., 2005
Tavares, 2011
Teacă et al., 2006
Thompson et al., 2000
USGS-NAS
Wicksten, 2008
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
Zenetos et al., 2010
Zvyagintsev, 2003
Rhizophora mangle
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
CDF
Coles et al., 2002a
GBIF
GISD
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Lin and Huang, 2007
Sabaco elongatus
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Carlton and Cohen, 1998
Cohen, 1998
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Day, 1973
EPA, 1999
EPA, 2000
EPA, 2002a
EPA, 2008
Fairey et al., 2002
GBIF
Hartman, 1969
Light, 1974
Nichols and Pamatamat, 1988
1892

Nichols and Thompson, 1985b
Ruiz et al., 2000
T N & Associates, 2002
Thompson et al., 2000
Verrill, 1873
Welch, 2005
Welch, 2006a
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
WoRMS
Sabellastarte spectabilis
Bailey-Brock, 2003
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Coles et al., 2002a
Eldredge and Smith, 2001
Fauchald et al., 2009
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Shluker, 2003
Stone, 2009
Saccharina japonica
#Master Comment
AlgaeBase
Asian Fisheries Society, 1989
Chen et al., 2006a
FAO Fact Sheets
Kashin et al., 2003
Kozhenkova, 2009
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Lovatelli, 1990
PICES Working Group 21, 2008
Streftaris et al., 2005
Sulu et al., 2004
UNDP/GEF, 2007
Verlaque, 2001
WoRMS
YSFRI, 1989
Zenetos et al., 2010
Saccharina longissima
#Master Comment
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Selivanova et al., 2007
Saccostrea cucullata
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Coles et al., 1997
Coles et al., 1999a
Eldredge and DeFelice, 2002
Galil, 2006
GBIF
Lam and Morton, 2006
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Li et al., 2010
Lovatelli, 1990
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Neil et al., 2002
OBIS
OBIS Indo-Pacific Molluscan Database,
2006
Ruesink et al., 2005
Shluker, 2003
Slack-Smith and Bryce, 2004
Streftaris et al., 2005
Yan et al., 2006
Zenetos et al., 2005a
Zenetos et al., 2010
Sakuraeolis enosimensis
Behrens, 1982
Behrens and Hermosillo, 2005
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Chen et al., 2006b
Cohen, 1998
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
GBIF
Gosliner, 1995
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Liu, 2008
McDonald, 2007
McDonald and Nybakken, 1996
Ruiz et al., 2000
Takaoka Biological Club, 2006
Turgeon et al., 1988
Turgeon et al., 1998
Zongguo, 2001
Salmacina tribranchiata
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
CANOD, 2009
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
CDF
Coles et al., 2002a
Coles et al., 1999a
Coles et al., 2003
GBIF
Kozloff, 1996
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Meadows and Kane, 2006
1893

Paulay et al., 2002
SCAMIT, 2008a
SeaLifeBase
Salmo salar
#Master Comment
Aladin et al., 2006a
Ayllona et al., 2004
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Chavanich et al., 2010
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Dill and Cordone, 1997
FishBase, 2009
GBIF
GISD
Hines et al., 2000b
Iwasaki, 2006
Iwasaki et al., 2004b
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Meacham, 2001
Mecklenburg et al., 2002
MEI, 2008
Morton and Volpe, 2003
OBIS
Seo and Lee, 2008
Shimura et al., 2007
Tasmanian Planning Commission, 2009
USGS-NAS
Volpe et al., 2000
WDFW, 1998
Salmo trutta
Aoyama et al., 1999
Arai et al., 2002a
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Cooper et al., 1992
Dill and Cordone, 1997
Feldman et al., 2000
FishBase, 2009
GISD
Meacham, 2001
Mito and Uesugi, 2004
OBIS
Sytsma et al., 2004a
Tasmanian Planning Commission, 2009
USGS, 2010
USGS-NAS
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
Salsuginus seculus
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Kohn et al., 2006
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Salvatoria mediodentata
#Master Comment
Aguado and San Martin, 2006
Boggemann et al., 2003
CANOD, 2009
Diaz-Castaneda et al., 2005
EPA, 2002c
EPA, 2008
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Nelson et al., 2007
Ranasinghe et al., 2005
SCAMIT, 2008a
SCCWRP
Swartz et al., 2002
WoRMS
Salvelinus fontinalis
#Master Comment
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
FishBase, 2009
GBIF
GISD
Hines et al., 2000b
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Meacham, 2001
Mecklenburg et al., 2002
Mito and Uesugi, 2004
Olenin et al.
Streftaris et al., 2005
USGS-NAS
Vila-Gispert et al., 2005
Sardinella marquesensis
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Shluker, 2003
Sargassum horneri
#Master Comment
AlgaeBase
CANOD, 2009
GBIF
Hu et al., 2011
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Miller, 2008
1894

Miller et al., 2007
OBIS
Tokida and Masaki, 1959
Sargassum muticum
AlgaeBase
Barnhart et al., 1992
Bookheim and Berry, 1999
Boyd et al., 2002
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Carlton, 1989
Carlton, 2003
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Carlton et al., 2003
Chapman, 2007
Cohen et al., 2001a
Cohen
Cohen, 2004b
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen et al., 2002
Cohen et al., 1998
Crooks, 1998a
Dept. of Navy, 2000
deRivera et al., 2007
Elston, 1997
Fensholt, 1955
Goddard, 1997
Hines et al., 2000b
Johansson et al., 1998
Josselyn and West, 1985
Larned, 2000
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Lee et al., 2008
Liu, 2008
Meacham, 2001
Mills, 2001a
Olenin et al.
Paavola et al., 2005
PICES Working Group 21, 2010
Ruiz et al., 2000
Shimura et al., 2007
Streftaris et al., 2005
WDFW, 1998
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
Zenetos et al., 2010
Sarotherodon melanotheron
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Coles et al., 1999a
FishBase, 2009
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Meadows and Kane, 2006
OBIS
Smithsonian-Fort Pierce
Sarsamphiascus parvus
#Master Comment
Cordell, 2006
Cordell, 2007
Coull and Herman, 1970
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Mitwally and Montagna, 2001
OBIS
Ueda and Nagai, 2005
Wilson, 1932
Savignyella lafontii
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Coles et al., 2002a
Coles et al., 1999a
Coles et al., 2003
Creary and Webber, 2009
GBIF
Ignacio et al., 2010
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
McCann et al., 2007
Meadows and Kane, 2006
OBIS
Osburn, 1952
Ramalho and Muricy, 2004
Shluker, 2003
Smithsonian-Fort Pierce
Sternhell et al., 2003
Tilbrook et al., 2001
Winston and Maturo, 2009
Wyatt et al., 2005
Scatella stagnalis
#Master Comment
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Scherocumella sp. (Carlton and Eldredge,
2009)
#Master Comment
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Schizoporella errata
#Master Comment
CANOD, 2009
1895

Carlton, 1979
Coles et al., 1999a
Cranfield et al., 1998a
Dept. Env. Water Heritage and Arts
Aus. 2008
Emara and Belal, 2004
GBIF
GISD
Gordon, 2009
Hayward and McKinney, 2002
Ignacio et al., 2010
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Ramalho and Muricy, 2004
Tilbrook et al., 2001
Tompsett et al., 2009
Zabin et al., 2010
Schizoporella japonica
#Master Comment
Barnhart et al., 1992
Bookheim and Berry, 1999
Boyd et al., 2002
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Carlton, 1989
Carlton, 2003
Carlton et al., 2003
Cohen et al., 2001a
Cohen, 2004b
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen et al., 1998
Coles et al., 1999a
deRivera et al., 2007
Dick et al., 2005
Fairey et al., 2002
GBIF
Hewitt, 1993
Hines et al., 2000b
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Lenihan et al., 1990
Long and Rucker, 1969
Meacham, 2001
Mills, 2001a
Montoya-Cadavid et al., 2007
Novosel and Požar-Domac, 2001
Osburn, 1952
PICES Working Group 21, 2010
Ruiz et al., 2000
Ruiz et al., 2006
Seo and Lee, 2008
Shluker, 2003
Soule et al., 2007
Thompson et al., 2000
USGS-NAS
Wasson et al., 2002
Wasson et al., 2001
WDFW, 1998
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
Zvyagintsev, 2003
Schizoporella sp. (Carlton and Eldredge,
2009)
#Master Comment
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Schizoporella unicornis
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
Cangussu et al., 2010
Dick et al., 2005
Gaonkar et al., 2010
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Li et al., 2010
Liu, 2008
Ma et al., 2008
McCann et al., 2007
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Migotto and Winston, 2005
NIMPIS
Osburn, 1952
Ramadan et al., 2006
Soule et al., 2007
Winston, 1977
Zongguo, 2001
Zvyagintsev, 2003
Sciaenops ocellatus
#Master Comment
Chavanich et al., 2010
Chen et al., 2008
Chen et al., 2006a
FishBase, 2009
Seo and Lee, 2008
UNDP/GEF, 2007
Zenetos et al., 2010
Scolelepis victoriensis
#Master Comment
Bigot et al., 2008
Dept. Env. Water Heritage and Arts
Aus. 2008
EPA, 2002c
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Moncur et al., 1999
1896

Nelson et al., 2007
OBIS
Scylla serrata
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Coles et al., 1999a
Eldredge, 1994
Eldredge and DeFelice, 2002
Eldredge and Smith, 2001
GBIF
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Melo, 1983
MSIP
OBIS
Shimura et al., 2007
Shluker, 2003
Silva and Barros, 2011
Smithsonian-Fort Pierce
Wells et al., 2009
WoRMS
Scyphoproctus djiboutiensis
#Master Comment
bioSearch, 2009
Bishop Museum, 2000
Day, 1967b
Day and Hutchings, 1979
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Moncur et al., 1999
Nelson et al., 2007
OBIS
Rangarajan, 1963
Rizzo and Amaral, 2001
Wehe and Fiege, 2002
Serpula watsoni
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Dept. Env. Water Heritage and Arts
Aus. 2008
Wang and Huang, 1993
WoRMS
Sinelobus stanfordi Cmplx
#Master Comment
Bird and Bamber, 2000
Boyd et al., 2002
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
Carlton, 2003
Castillo, 2000
Cohen et al., 2001a
Cohen, 1998
Cohen, 2004b
Cohen, 2007
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen et al., 2002
Doi et al., 2011
EPA, 1999
EPA, 2001a
EPA, 2002a
EPA, 2008
Fairey et al., 2002
GBIF
Heiman et al., 2008
Hendrickx and Ibarra, 2008
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Light et al., 2005
Neves and da Rocha, 2008
OBIS
PICES Working Group 21, 2010
Ruiz et al., 2000
SCAMIT, 2008a
Sytsma et al., 2004a
T N & Associates, 2002
Thompson et al., 2000
USGS-NAS
van Haaren and Soors, 2009
Wasson et al., 2002
Wasson et al., 2001
Welch, 2009
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
Sinocalanus doerrii
Avent et al., 2000
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton et al., 1990
Cohen, 1998
Cohen, 2004c
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen and Moyle, 2004
Cordell and Morrison, 1996
Cordell et al., 2008
Kimmerer et al., 2002
Kimmerer et al., 1994
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Mecum, 2004
Ohtsuka et al., 2004
Orsi and Ohtsuka, 1999
Orsi et al., 1983
Ruiz et al., 2000
Sytsma et al., 2004a
The Bay Institute, 2004
1897

Waldeck et al., 2003
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
Spartina alterniflora
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carr and Dumbauld, 2000
Chavanich et al., 2010
Chen et al., 2006a
Cohen et al., 2001a
Cohen, 2004b
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen et al., 1995
Cohen et al., 1998
Desmond et al., 2000b
Elston, 1997
Feist and Simenstad, 2000
GBIF
Kittelson and Boyd, 1997
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Levin and Talley, 2002
Meacham, 2001
Mills, 2001a
OBIS
O'Connor, 2000
Partridge, 1987
Simenstad and Fresh, 1995
Streftaris et al., 2005
Sytsma et al., 2004a
Trilla et al., 2009
UNDP/GEF, 2007
USDA-ARS
USGS-NAS
WDFW, 1998
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
Yang and Nakagoshi, 2004
Zipperer, 1996
Zongguo, 2001
Spartina anglica
#Master Comment
Bookheim and Berry, 1999
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Chavanich et al., 2010
Chen et al., 2006a
Chen et al., 2006b
Cohen, 2004b
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen et al., 1998
Elston, 1997
GBIF
GISD
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Meacham, 2001
Mills, 2001a
Orensanz et al., 2002
Streftaris et al., 2005
Sytsma et al., 2004a
Tasmanian Planning Commission, 2009
UNDP/GEF, 2007
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
Zipperer, 1996
Zongguo, 2001
Spartina densiflora
Barnhart et al., 1992
Bortolus, 2006
Boyd et al., 2002
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Fortune et al., 2008
GBIF
GISD
Kittelson and Boyd, 1997
Sytsma et al., 2004a
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
Spartina patens
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Chen et al., 2006a
Chen et al., 2006b
Cohen, 2004b
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen et al., 1998
GBIF
Hester et al., 2001
Kittelson and Boyd, 1997
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Meacham, 2001
Mills, 2001a
OBIS
Sytsma et al., 2004a
UNDP/GEF, 2007
USDA-ARS
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
Zipperer, 1996
Sphaeroma quoianum
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
1898

Boyd et al., 2002
Brusca et al., 2001
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Carlton, 2003
Carlton, 2009
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Chapman and Carlton, 1991
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen et al., 1995
Cohen et al., 2002
Crooks, 1998a
Davidson, 2006
Davidson, 2008
Davidson et al., 2008
Dept. of Navy, 2000
Espinosa-Pérez and Hendrickx, 2006
Fairey et al., 2002
GBIF
Kussakin and Malyutina, 1993
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Light et al., 2005
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Nichols and Pamatamat, 1988
Nichols and Thompson, 1985b
PICES Working Group 21, 2010
Richardson, 1905
Rotramel, 1972
Ruiz et al., 2000
SCAMIT, 2011
Shluker, 2003
Talley et al., 2001
USGS-NAS
Wasson et al., 2002
Wasson et al., 2001
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
WoRMS
Sphaeroma walkeri
Bishop Museum, 2000
Brusca et al., 2001
Brusca et al., 2007
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Carlton and Cohen, 1998
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Carlton and Iversion, 1981
Cohen, 1998
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Crooks, 1998a
DAISIE
Dept. of Navy, 2000
Emara and Belal, 2004
Espinosa-Pérez and Hendrickx, 2006
Galil, 2008
GBIF
Kussakin and Malyutina, 1993
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Li, 2003
Liu, 2008
Mak et al., 1985
Mead et al., 2011
Meadows and Kane, 2006
NIMPIS, 2002i
NIMPIS, 2002j
Piyakarnchana, 1994
Ramadan et al., 2006
Ruiz et al., 2000
Shluker, 2003
Smithsonian-Fort Pierce
Streftaris et al., 2005
WoRMS
Zenetos et al., 2010
Zongguo, 2001
Sphaerosyllis riseri
#Master Comment
Fauchald et al., 2009
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Moncur et al., 1999
Nelson et al., 2007
OBIS
Perkins, 1981
San Martín and Bone, 2001
WoRMS
Sphenia coreanica
#Master Comment
Bernard et al., 1993
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Coles et al., 1999a
Eldredge and DeFelice, 2002
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Noseworthy et al., 2007
OBIS
Shluker, 2003
Sphenophyra dosiniae
1899

#Master Comment
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Kozloff, 1946
NEAT, 1997
Ruiz et al., 2000
Spinileberis quadriaculeata
Carlton, 1979
Carlton, 2009
Cohen et al., 2007
Ishizaki, 1969
Ivanova et al., 2009
Ruiz et al., 2000
Schornikov and Zenina, 2008
Zenina, 2009
Spio blakei
#Master Comment
Brusca and Hendrickx
de Leon-Gonzalez., 1998
Dean, 2004
Dept. Env. Water Heritage and Arts
Aus. 2008
EPA, 2002c
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Maciolek, 1990
Moncur et al., 1999
Nelson et al., 2007
OBIS
Wehrtmann and Cortes, 2009
Spirobranchus kraussii
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Çinar, 2006
Çinar, 2009
Coles et al., 2002a
Coles et al., 1999a
Emara and Belal, 2004
Fauchald et al., 2009
GBIF
Knox, 1960
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Paxton and Chou, 2000
PICES Working Group 21, 2009
Pillai, 2009
Shalla and Holt, 1999
Shluker, 2003
Streftaris et al., 2005
Wehe and Fiege, 2002
WoRMS
Zenetos et al., 2010
Spisula solidissima
Brunel et al., 1998
Chen et al., 2006a
DAISIE
GBIF
UNDP/GEF, 2007
Stenothoe gallensis
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Çinar et al., 2008
Coles et al., 2002a
Coles et al., 1999a
Conradi and López-González, 1999
Eldredge and DeFelice, 2002
Emara and Belal, 2004
GBIF
LeCroy et al., 2009
Meadows and Kane, 2006
OBIS
Ramadan et al., 2006
Shluker, 2003
Smithsonian-Fort Pierce
Streftaris et al., 2005
Subba Rao, 2005
Winfield et al., 2006
WoRMS
Zakhama-Sraieb and Charfi-
Cheikhrouha, 2010
Zenetos et al., 2010
Stenothoe valida
#Master Comment
Boyd et al., 2002
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Chapman, 2007
Cohen, 1998
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen et al., 2002
Coles et al., 2002a
Coles et al., 1999a
Coles et al., 2003
Crooks, 1998a
1900

Dept. of Navy, 2000
Eldredge and DeFelice, 2002
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Lewis, 1992
Meadows and Kane, 2006
OBIS
PICES Working Group 21, 2009
Ruiz et al., 2000
SCAMIT, 2011
Shluker, 2003
Taraman and Wakabara, 1981
Thompson et al., 2000
WoRMS
Stenothyra sp. (Tamaki et al., 2002)
#Master Comment
Fukuda, 2004
Hong et al., 2011
Iwasaki, 2006
Iwasaki et al., 2004b
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
MEI, 2008
Okoshi, 2004
Otani, 2006
Tamaki et al., 2002
Stephos pacificus
#Master Comment
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Fairey et al., 2002
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Ohtsuka et al., 2008
Razouls et al.
Ruiz et al., 2000
USGS-NAS
Stephos sp. (Ruiz et al. 2000)
#Master Comment
PSWQAT, 2000
Ruiz et al., 2000
Streblospio benedicti Cmplx
#Master Comment
Barnhart et al., 1992
Barry et al., 1996
Bishop Museum, 2000
Boyd et al., 2002
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Carlton, 1989
Carlton, 2003
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Carlton et al., 2003
Castillo, 2000
Castillo et al., 2000b
Chapman et al., 1987
Cohen et al., 2001a
Cohen, 1998
Cohen, 2004c
Cohen, 2004a
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen et al., 1998
Cole, 1988
Crooks, 1998b
Crooks, 1998a
Dept. of Navy, 2000
Desmond et al., 2002
Desmond et al., 1999
EPA, 1999
EPA, 2000
EPA, 2001a
EPA, 2002a
EPA, 2008
Fairey et al., 2002
Filice, 1958
GBIF
Golden et al., 1998
Hancock et al., 1977
Heiman et al., 2008
Jones, 1961
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Lee et al., 2003a
Levin, 1984b
Levin, 1984a
Levin and Talley, 2002
Levin et al., 1998
Light et al., 2005
Markmann, 1986
Meacham, 2001
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Mills, 2001a
Nelson et al., 2007
Nichols, 1985
Nichols and Pamatamat, 1988
Nichols and Thompson, 1985b
Nichols et al., 1990
PICES Working Group 21, 2010
Posey, 1988
Ruiz et al., 2000
SCAMIT, 2008a
Schulze et al., 2000
1901

Shluker, 2003
Shouse et al., 2004
Streftaris et al., 2005
Sytsma et al., 2004a
T N & Associates, 2002
Talley and Levin, 1999
Talley et al., 2000
Thompson et al., 2000
WADOE, 2002
Waldeck et al., 2003
Ward et al., 2000
Ward et al., 2001
Wasson et al., 2002
Wasson et al., 2001
WDFW, 1998
West and Cordrey, 2002
West and Cordrey, 2003
West et al., 2002
Williams, 1996
Williams, 1997
Williams and Gibson, 1995
Williams et al., 1998c
Williams et al., 1998a
Williams et al., 1998b
Williams et al., 1999
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
Zedler et al., 1992
Zipperer, 1996
Striaria attenuata
AlgaeBase
GBIF
Hansen, 2008
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Nelson and Maggs, 1996
NEMESIS
OBIS
Ruiz et al., 2000
State Herbarium of South Australia
WoRMS
Yamada, 1932
Strongylocentrotus intermedius
#Master Comment
Chavanich et al., 2010
Chen et al., 2006a
Galysheva, 2004
GBIF
Kashin et al., 2003
Kashin et al., 2000
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Liang and Wang, 2001
Seo and Lee, 2008
UNDP/GEF, 2007
Styela canopus
#Master Comment
Abbott et al., 2007
Abdul et al., 2009
Ali et al., 2009
Al-Khayat and Al-Ansi, 2008
Berrill, 1932
Bishop Museum, 2000
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Carman et al., 2011
Carman et al., 2010
Chavanich et al., 2010
Chen et al., 2006a
Cohen et al., 2002
Coles et al., 2002a
Coles et al., 2003
Crooks, 1998a
Dept. of Navy, 2000
Emara and Belal, 2004
Fairey et al., 2002
GBIF
Huang et al., 1992
Lambert and Lambert, 1998
Lambert and Lambert, 2003
Lambert, 2002
Lambert, 2003b
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Li et al., 2010
Liu, 2008
Locke, 2009
Maclellan, 2005
Marins et al., 2010
Mead et al., 2011
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Monniot and Monniot, 2001
NEMESIS
Paulay et al., 2002
Pollard and Pethebridge, 2002a
Primo and Vazquez, 2008
Rocha and Kremer, 2005
Rocha et al., 2010
Rocha et al., 2009
Ruiz et al., 2000
SCAMIT, 2008a
Shluker, 2003
Smithsonian-Fort Pierce
UNDP/GEF, 2007
1902

Van Name, 1945
Zongguo, 2001
Styela clava
Abbott et al., 2007
Adrianov et al., 2007
Bookheim and Berry, 1999
Boyd et al., 2002
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Carlton, 1989
Carlton, 2003
Carlton et al., 2003
Carman et al., 2009
Chavanich et al., 2010
Cohen, 1998
Cohen, 2004b
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen et al., 2002
Cohen et al., 1998
Crooks, 1998a
DAISIE
Dept. of Navy, 2000
deRivera et al., 2007
Fairey et al., 2002
GBIF
GISD
Gittenberger, 2007
Kashin et al., 2000
Kerckhof et al., 2007
Lambert and Lambert, 1998
Lambert and Lambert, 2003
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Lee et al., 2008
Lenihan et al., 1990
Liu, 2008
Locke, 2009
Maclellan, 2005
Meacham, 2001
Mills, 2001a
NIMPIS
OBIS
Olenin et al.
Paavola et al., 2005
PICES Working Group 21, 2010
Primo and Vazquez, 2008
Rho and Park, 1998
Rocha et al., 2009
Ruiz et al., 2000
Russell and Hewitt, 2000
Sanamyan, 2000
SCAMIT, 2008a
Seo and Lee, 2008
Shimura et al., 2007
Soule et al., 2007
Streftaris et al., 2005
USGS-NAS
Van Name, 1945
Wasson et al., 2002
Wasson et al., 2001
WDFW, 1998
WDNR, 1998
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
Zenetos et al., 2010
Zongguo, 2001
Zvyagintsev et al., 2004
Zvyagintsev et al., 2007a
Styela plicata
#Master Comment
Abbott et al., 2007
Barros et al., 2009
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
Cangussu et al., 2010
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Chavanich et al., 2010
City of San Diego, 2003
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen et al., 2002
Crooks, 1998a
Dept. of Navy, 2000
deRivera et al., 2007
Dexter, 1983
Emara and Belal, 2004
EPA, 2008
Fairey et al., 2002
GBIF
GISD
Huang et al., 1992
Lambert and Lambert, 1998
Lambert and Lambert, 2003
Lenihan et al., 1990
Li et al., 2010
Liu, 2008
Locke, 2009
Marins et al., 2010
Mead et al., 2011
Medel and Vervoort, 2000
NIMPIS
Orensanz et al., 2002
1903

PICES Working Group 21, 2009
Primo and Vazquez, 2008
Ramadan et al., 2006
Rho and Park, 1998
Rocha and Costa, 2005
Rocha and Kremer, 2005
Rocha et al., 2009
Ruiz et al., 2000
SCAMIT, 2008a
Seo and Lee, 2008
Smithsonian-Fort Pierce
Van Name, 1945
Zongguo, 2001
Stylochoplana limnoriae
#Master Comment
Carlton, 1979
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Ruiz et al., 2000
Tyler et al.
Suberites aurantiacus
#Master Comment
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Coles et al., 2002a
Coles et al., 1999a
de Laubenfels, 1957
Eldredge and Smith, 2001
Farrapeira et al., 2009
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Meadows and Kane, 2006
OBIS
WoRMS
Syllides bansei
#Master Comment
Boggemann et al., 2003
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Musco and Giangrande, 2005
Nelson et al., 2007
OBIS
Perkins, 1981
Swartz et al., 2002
Uebelacker and Johnson, 1984
Symplegma brakenhielmi
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Carman et al., 2011
Carman et al., 2010
Crooks, 1998a
GBIF
Kott, 2005
Lambert and Lambert, 1998
Lambert and Lambert, 2003
Lambert, 2002
Lambert, 2003b
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Locke, 2009
Marins et al., 2010
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Paulay et al., 2002
Rocha and Costa, 2005
Rocha and Faria, 2005
Rocha and Kremer, 2005
Rocha et al., 2010
Rocha et al., 2009
Ruiz et al., 2000
Shenkar and Loya, 2009
Shluker, 2003
Zenetos et al., 2010
Symplegma reptans
Abbott et al., 2007
Bishop Museum, 2000
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Cohen et al., 2002
Coles et al., 1999a
Crooks, 1998a
Dept. of Navy, 2000
deRivera et al., 2007
Doty et al., 1986
Fairey et al., 2002
Gaonkar et al., 2010
GBIF
Lambert and Lambert, 1998
Lambert and Lambert, 2003
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Liu, 2008
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Ruiz et al., 2000
Shluker, 2003
Streftaris et al., 2005
Swami and Chhapgar, 2002
Zongguo, 2001
Symplegma sp. (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009)
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Synandwakia hozawai
1904

#Master Comment
Furota et al., 2008
Kostina, 2000
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Zvyagintsev et al., 2009
Zvyagintsev et al., 2011
Synidotea laevidorsalis
#Master Comment
Brusca et al., 2001
Bushek and Boyd, 2006
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Chapman and Carlton, 1991
Chapman and Carlton, 1994
Cohen, 2004c
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cuesta et al., 1996
DAISIE
EPA, 2000
EPA, 2002a
EPA, 2008
Espinosa-Pérez and Hendrickx, 2006
Filice, 1958
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Light et al., 2005
Liu, 2008
Markmann, 1986
Mees and Fockedey, 1993
Orensanz et al., 2002
Poore, 1996
Ruiz et al., 2000
Siegfried et al., 1980
Soors et al., 2010
Streftaris et al., 2005
Sytsma et al., 2004a
Thompson et al., 2000
USGS-NAS
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
WoRMS
Zongguo, 2001
Synnotum aegyptiacum
#Master Comment
Amaral et al., 2010
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Foss, 2011
GBIF
Gluhak et al., 2007
Hayward and McKinney, 2002
Ignacio et al., 2010
Kocak et al., 2002
Kozloff, 1996
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
OBIS
Osburn, 1950
SCAMIT, 2008a
Tilbrook et al., 2001
Winston, 1986
Syntormon flexible
#Master Comment
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Taenioplana teredini
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton, 2009
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Hoagland and Turner, 1980
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Shluker, 2003
Takifugu rubripes
#Master Comment
Chen et al., 2006a
FishBase, 2009
OBIS
Seo and Lee, 2008
UNDP/GEF, 2007
Tanystylum rehderi
#Master Comment
Arango, 2003
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Coles et al., 2002a
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Müller, 1993
WoRMS
Tarebia granifera
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Englund et al., 2000b
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
López-López et al., 2009
Mead et al., 2011
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Miranda, et al., 2010
OBIS
Pointier, 2001
Shluker, 2003
1905

USGS-NAS
Telmatogeton japonicus
#Master Comment
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
GBIF
Gollasch et al., 2006
ICES, 2005
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Raunio et al., 2009
Sunose and Fujisawa, 1982
Tenellia adspersa
#Master Comment
Behrens and Hermosillo, 2005
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Carlton, 2003
Carlton et al., 2003
Cohen, 1998
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
DAISIE
deRivera et al., 2007
GBIF
Gosliner, 1995
Grigorovich et al., 2003
Hancock et al., 1977
Karpinsky, 2010
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Maclellan, 2005
Malacolog
MarLIN
Mills and Sommer, 1995
Paavola et al., 2005
Pederson et al., 2005
Ruiz et al., 2000
Shiganova et al., 2005
Thompson et al., 2000
Turgeon et al., 1988
Turgeon et al., 1998
USGS-NAS
Wasson et al., 2002
Wasson et al., 2001
White, 2008
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
WoRMS
Zvyagintsev et al., 2011
Teredicola typica
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Cordell, 2007
Doi et al., 2011
GBIF
Humes and Turner, 1972
McKoy, 1975
Meadows and Kane, 2006
OBIS
Teredo bartschi
#Master Comment
Benson, 2010
Bishop Museum, 2000
Brusca and Hendrickx
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Carlton, 1992
Carlton, 1999a
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Coan et al., 2000
Cohen et al., 2005a
Cohen et al., 2002
Coles et al., 1997
Coles et al., 1999a
Eldredge and DeFelice, 2002
GBIF
Hoagland and Turner, 1980
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Leonel, et al., 2006
Maclellan, 2005
Malacolog
Meadows and Kane, 2006
OBIS
OBIS Indo-Pacific Molluscan Database,
2006
Ruiz et al., 2000
Shluker, 2003
Smithsonian-Fort Pierce
Turgeon et al., 1988
USGS-NAS
WoRMS
Teredo clappi
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Eldredge and DeFelice, 2002
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Malacolog
Meadows and Kane, 2006
OBIS
1906

OBIS Indo-Pacific Molluscan Database,
2006
Redfern
Shluker, 2003
Teredo fulleri
bioSearch, 2009
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Malacolog
OBIS
OBIS Indo-Pacific Molluscan Database,
2006
Paulay, 2003
Rayner, 1983
Sirmah et al., 2009
Tan and Woo, 2010
Teredo furcifera
bioSearch, 2009
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Coles et al., 1997
Cruz et al., 2003
Eldredge and DeFelice, 2002
GBIF
Malacolog
Meadows and Kane, 2006
OBIS
OBIS Indo-Pacific Molluscan Database,
2006
Paulay, 2003
Rayner, 1983
Ruiz et al., 2000
Shluker, 2003
Smithsonian-Fort Pierce
Tan and Woo, 2010
Tsunoda, 1979
Tsunoda and Nishimoto, 1976
Teredo navalis
#Master Comment
Alexandrov et al., 2007
Brearley et al., 2003
Brunel et al., 1998
BSERP, 2007
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carl and Guiguet, 1981
Carlton, 1979
Carlton, 1992
Carlton, 1999a
Carlton, 2003
Coan and Valentich-Scott, 2007
Coan et al., 2000
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Crooks, 1998a
DAISIE
Dept. of Navy, 2000
GBIF
Gollasch, 2006
Hoppe, 2002
Kerckhof et al., 2007
Lee et al., 2003b
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Leppäkoski and Olenin, 2000
Liu, 2008
Meacham, 2001
Mead et al., 2011
NEMESIS
Nichols and Pamatamat, 1988
NIMPIS, 2002f
NIMPIS
OBIS
Olenin et al.
Quayle, 1992
Ruiz et al., 2000
Smithsonian-Fort Pierce
Streftaris et al., 2005
Turgeon et al., 1988
WDFW, 1998
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
Zenetos et al., 2005a
Zenetos et al., 2010
Tethina willistoni
#Master Comment
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Munari and Mathis, 2010
Thambemyia borealis
#Master Comment
Brooks and Cumming, 2009
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Masunaga, et al., 1999
Ruiz et al., 2000
Schlinger, 2007
Theora lubrica
Bogi and Galil, 2007
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Carlton, 1992
Carlton, 1999a
Carlton, 2003
1907

Carlton et al., 1990
Coan et al., 2000
Cohen, 1998
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cole, 1988
Crooks, 1998a
Crooks, 2001
Dept. of Navy, 2000
EPA, 1999
EPA, 2000
EPA, 2002a
EPA, 2008
Fairey et al., 2002
GBIF
Hayward, 1997
Imabayashi and Tsukuda, 1984
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Liu, 2008
Nestler and Stebbins, 2003
NIMPIS, 2002b
OBIS
Ruiz et al., 2000
SCAMIT, 2008a
Streftaris et al., 2005
T N & Associates, 2002
Thompson et al., 2000
Turgeon et al., 1988
Zenetos et al., 2005a
Zenetos et al., 2010
Zongguo, 2001
Thuiaria thuiarioides
#Master Comment
ArcOD
Calder, 2003
CANOD, 2009
Fraser, 1911
Fraser, 1937
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Schuchert, 2000
Thylaeodus sp. (Carlton and Eldredge, 2009)
#Master Comment
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Coles et al., 1999a
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Strathmann and Strathmann, 2006
Tortanus dextrilobatus
Avent et al., 2000
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Cohen, 1998
Cordell et al., 2008
Kimmerer et al., 2002
Light et al., 2005
Liu, 2008
Ohtsuka et al., 2004
Orsi and Ohtsuka, 1999
Razouls et al.
Ruiz et al., 2000
The Bay Institute, 2004
Zongguo, 2001
Tramea lacerata
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Englund et al., 2000a
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Transorchestia enigmatica
#Master Comment
Bousfield, 2007
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Ruiz et al., 2000
Trichocorixa reticulata
#Master Comment
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
CDF
Davis, 1966
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Merkel and Associates, Inc., 2001
SIMoN
Ward et al., 2000
Ward et al., 2001
West and Cordrey, 2002
West and Cordrey, 2003
West et al., 2002
Williams, 1997
Williams et al., 1998b
Tridentiger barbatus
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Cohen, 1998
Cohen and Moyle, 2004
FishBase, 2009
1908

Hieb et al., 2004
Light et al., 2005
Liu, 2008
Matern et al., 2002
Quan et al., 2009
USGS-NAS
Tridentiger bifasciatus
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Cohen, 1998
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen and Moyle, 2004
FishBase, 2009
Herre, 1927
Hieb et al., 2004
Liu, 2008
Matern and Fleming, 1996
Matern et al., 2002
Sakamoto and Sakamoto, 1989
USGS-NAS
Tridentiger trigonocephalus
#Master Comment
Boltachev et al., 2007
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Cohen, 1998
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Crooks, 1998a
Dept. of Navy, 2000
EPA, 2000
FishBase, 2009
GBIF
Goren et al., 2009
Herre, 1927
Hieb et al., 2004
Ivanova et al., 2009
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Liu, 2008
Love et al., 2005
Matern and Fleming, 1996
NIMPIS, 2002s
PICES Working Group 21, 2008
Sakamoto and Sakamoto, 1989
USGS-NAS
Yoklavich et al., 2002
Zenetos et al., 2010
Trigonotylus uhleri
#Master Comment
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Daehler and Strong, 1995
Ruiz et al., 2000
University of Washington, 2008
Triticella sp. B (Hewitt, 1993)
#Master Comment
Carlton, 2003
Hewitt, 1993
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Trochammina hadai
Bookheim and Berry, 1999
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Cohen, 1998
Cohen, 2004b
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen et al., 1998
Hines et al., 2000b
Kitazato and Matsushita, 1996
Liu, 2008
McGann, 2007
McGann and Sloan, 1999
McGann et al., 2000
Meacham, 2001
Mills, 2001a
Nomura and Seto, 1992
Ruiz et al., 2000
Ruiz et al., 2006
Tsujimoto et al., 2006
Zongguo, 2001
Tropichelura insulae
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Coleman and Renz, 2009
Eldredge and DeFelice, 2002
GBIF
Meadows and Kane, 2006
WoRMS
Tropisternus salsamentus
#Master Comment
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Englund, 2002
Leech and Chandler, 1956
WoRMS
Trypostega venusta
#Master Comment
1909

Bishop Museum, 2000
Canu and Bassler, 1929
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Dhondt, 1988
GBIF
Kaselowsky et al., 2005
Kocak et al., 2002
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Migotto and Winston, 2005
OBIS
Osburn, 1952
Winston, 1984
Winston, 1986
Tubificoides brownae
#Master Comment
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 2003
Chapman et al., 1987
Cohen, 1998
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cook et al., 2007b
Crooks, 1998b
Crooks, 1998a
Crooks and Khim, 1999
GBIF
Johnson et al., 2007
Levin et al., 1998
Light et al., 2005
Ruiz et al., 2000
Talley et al., 2000
Thompson et al., 2000
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
Tubificoides diazi
#Master Comment
Carlton, 2003
Cook et al., 2007b
GBIF
Ruiz et al., 2000
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
Tubificoides wasselli
#Master Comment
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Cohen, 1998
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cook et al., 2007b
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Ruiz et al., 2000
Thompson et al., 2000
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
Turritopsis nutricula Cmplx
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton, 1979
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Coles et al., 2002a
Coles et al., 2003
Fraser, 1937
GBIF
Kirkendale and Calder, 2003
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Liu, 2008
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Mills et al., 2007
Paulay et al., 2002
Petrova and Dautova, 2008
PICES Working Group 21, 2009
Schuchert, 2010
Shluker, 2003
Zongguo, 2001
Typosyllis nipponica
Aguado et al., 2008
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Cohen et al., 2002
EPA, 1999
EPA, 2000
EPA, 2008
Fairey et al., 2002
GBIF
Imajima and Gamo, 1970
Kudenov and Harris, 1995
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Liu, 2008
PICES Working Group 21, 2011
Ranasinghe et al., 2005
SCAMIT, 2008a
T N & Associates, 2002
Wehe and Fiege, 2002
Zvyagintsev et al., 2004
Udotea argentea
#Master Comment
AlgaeBase
Bailey-Brock and Magalhaes, 2010
GBIF
1910

Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
OBIS
Tsuda, 2006
Ulva californica
#Master Comment
AlgaeBase
Boraso de Zaixso, 2004
Bracken and Nielsen, 2004
CANOD, 2009
Chavanich et al., 2010
Fairey et al., 2002
Furota and Nakayama, 2010
GBIF
Heesch et al., 2009
Josselyn and West, 1985
Kawai et al., 2007
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Littler and Littler,1981
Loughnane et al., 2008
Nichols and Pamatamat, 1988
Sohrabipour and Rabi,1999
Ulva expansa
#Master Comment
AlgaeBase
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Dept. of Navy, 2000
Gill, 1971
Gosliner, 1995
Kamer et al., 2001
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Thom, 1984
Ulva lactuca
#Master Comment
Aguilar-Rosas et al., 2005
AlgaeBase
Barnhart et al., 1992
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Chapman and Carlton, 1991
Chavanich et al., 2010
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen et al., 1995
Emara and Belal, 2004
Fairey et al., 2002
Furota and Nakayama, 2010
GBIF
Hayden and Waaland, 2004
Heesch et al., 2009
Ivanova et al., 2009
Josselyn and West, 1985
Kashin et al., 2003
Kashin et al., 2000
Kozhenkova, 2009
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
#Master Classification
Li et al., 2010
Nichols and Pamatamat, 1988
OBIS
O'Kelly et al., 2010
PICES Working Group 21, 2008
PICES Working Group 21, 2009
PICES Working Group 21, 2010
Ramadan et al., 2006
Ruiz et al., 2000
Tasmanian Planning Commission, 2009
Thom, 1984
WoRMS
Zenetos et al., 2010
Ulva pertusa
Aguilar-Rosas et al., 2005
AlgaeBase
Chapman and Therriault, 2010
Cornelisen et al., 2007
DAISIE
Hayden and Waaland, 2004
Kawai et al., 2007
Kim et al., 2004
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Lopez et al., 2007
PICES Working Group 21, 2008
PICES Working Group 21, 2009
PICES Working Group 21, 2010
Streftaris et al., 2005
Verlaque, 2001
Verlaque et al., 2002
Zenetos et al., 2010
Ulva rigida
#Master Comment
AlgaeBase
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Chavanich et al., 2010
Furota and Nakayama, 2010
GBIF
Kawai et al., 2009
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
OBIS
PICES Working Group 21, 2010
Sá et al., 2007
Streftaris et al., 2005
Tasmanian Planning Commission, 2009
1911

Thom, 1984
Umbonium thomasi
#Master Comment
GBIF
Gul’bin, 2004
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Mito and Uesugi, 2004
Pilsbry, 1895
Shin and Je, 2008
Undaria pinnatifida
#Master Comment
Bagaveeva and Zvyagintsev, 1999
Boyd et al., 2002
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1989
Chavanich et al., 2010
Chen et al., 2006a
Cohen et al., 2002
Curiel et al., 1998
DAISIE
Fairey et al., 2002
Kozhenkova, 2009
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Liu, 2008
Martin and Cuevas, 2006
Orensanz et al., 2002
Shimura et al., 2007
Silva et al., 2002
Streftaris et al., 2005
UNDP/GEF, 2007
Zabin et al., 2009
Zenetos et al., 2010
Zongguo, 2001
Zvyagintsev, 2003
Upeneus vittatus
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Eldredge, 1994
FishBase, 2009
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Ni and Kwok, 1999
Randall and Kulbicki, 2006
Shluker, 2003
Urosalpinx cinerea
#Master Comment
Boyd et al., 2002
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1969
Carlton, 1979
Carlton, 1992
Carlton, 1999a
Cohen et al., 2001a
Cohen
Cohen, 2004b
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen et al., 1998
EPA, 2000
EPA, 2008
GBIF
Gillespie et al., 1999
Goulletquer et al., 2002
Malacolog
Meacham, 2001
Meehan et al., 1989
Mills, 2001a
Nichols and Pamatamat, 1988
Ruiz et al., 2000
Streftaris et al., 2005
Thompson et al., 2000
Turgeon et al., 1988
Wasson et al., 2002
Wasson et al., 2001
WDFW, 1998
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
Valamugil engeli
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Eldredge, 1994
FishBase, 2009
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Nishimoto et al., 2007
Vallicula multiformis
#Master Comment
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Mills and Haddock, 2007
Oliveira, 2007
Shluker, 2003
Signorovitch et al., 2006
Smithsonian Tropical Research, 2010
Wirtz, 1998
1912

Venerupis philippinarum
Barnhart et al., 1992
Bishop Museum, 2000
Bookheim and Berry, 1999
Bourne, 1982
Bourne and Cawdell, 1992
Bourne and Heritage, 1997
Bourne et al., 1994
Boyd et al., 2002
BSERP, 2007
Byers, 2002
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carl and Guiguet, 1981
Carlton, 1969
Carlton, 1979
Carlton, 1992
Carlton, 1999a
Carlton, 2003
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Carlton et al., 2003
Carlton et al., 1990
Chew, 1998a
Coan and Valentich-Scott, 2007
Coan et al., 2000
Cohen et al., 2001a
Cohen, 2004b
Cohen, 2004a
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen et al., 1995
Cohen et al., 1998
Coles et al., 2002a
Coles et al., 1997
Coles et al., 1999a
Crooks, 1998b
Crooks, 1998a
DAISIE
Dept. of Navy, 2000
deRivera et al., 2007
Eldredge and DeFelice, 2002
Emmett et al., 1991
EPA, 1999
EPA, 2000
EPA, 2002a
EPA, 2008
Fairey et al., 2002
Filice, 1958
GBIF
Gillespie, 2007
Gillespie and Bourne, 1998
Gillespie and Bourne, 2000
Gillespie and Bourne, 2005a
Gillespie and Bourne, 2005b
Gillespie et al., 2004
Gillespie et al., 1999
Grosholz and Ruiz, 1995
Heritage et al., 1998
Ivanova et al., 2009
Iwasaki, 2006
Jamieson et al., 1998
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Leppäkoski and Olenin, 2000
Light et al., 2005
Lutaenko et al., 2006
Magni et al., 2006
Malacolog
Meacham, 2001
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Mills, 2001a
Morris et al., 1980
Neave, 1944
Nichols and Pamatamat, 1988
Nichols and Thompson, 1985b
OBIS Indo-Pacific Molluscan Database,
2006
PICES Working Group 21, 2008
Quayle and Bourne, 1972
Quayle, 1938
Quayle, 1941
Quayle, 1960
Ricketts et al., 1985
Ruiz et al., 2000
SCAMIT, 2008a
Scherba and Gallucci, 1976
Simenstad and Fresh, 1995
Streftaris et al., 2005
T N & Associates, 2002
Thompson et al., 2000
Turgeon et al., 1988
Wasson et al., 2002
Wasson et al., 2001
WDFW, 1998
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
Yakovlev, 2002
Zenetos et al., 2005a
Zenetos et al., 2010
Zongguo, 2001
Vermetus alii
#Master Comment
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Coles et al., 2009
1913

Coles et al., 2002a
Coles et al., 1999a
OBIS
Victorella pavida
#Master Comment
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Carter et al., 2010
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
deRivera et al., 2007
Gaonkar et al., 2010
GBIF
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
MarLIN
Massard et al., 1992
McCann et al., 2007
Olenin et al.
Ruiz et al., 2000
Smithsonian-Fort Pierce
Soule et al., 2007
Streftaris et al., 2005
USGS-NAS
Winston, 1977
Wood et al., 2006
WoRMS
Watersipora arcuata
#Master Comment
Brusca and Hendrickx
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 1979
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen et al., 2002
Cranfield et al., 1998a
Crooks, 1998a
deRivera et al., 2007
Fairey et al., 2002
GBIF
Gordon, 2009
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Mackie et al., 2006
NIMPIS
Ruiz et al., 2000
SeaLifeBase
Soule et al., 2007
Watersipora edmondsoni
Bishop Museum, 2000
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Coles et al., 2002a
Coles et al., 1999a
Hewitt, 1993
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Liu, 2008
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Shluker, 2003
Watersipora sp. (Mackie et al., 2006)
#Master Comment
CANOD, 2009
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Mackie et al., 2006
Watersipora subtorquata
#Master Comment
Boyd et al., 2002
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton, 2003
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Cohen
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen et al., 2002
Coles et al., 2003
Cranfield et al., 1998a
Creary and Webber, 2009
Crooks, 1998a
deRivera et al., 2007
Fairey et al., 2002
Floerl et al., 2004
GBIF
GISD
Gong and Seo, 2004
Gordon, 2009
Kaselowsky et al., 2005
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Liu, 2008
Ma et al., 2008
Mackie et al., 2006
McCann et al., 2007
Mead et al., 2011
Montoya-Cadavid et al., 2007
NIMPIS
PICES Working Group 21, 2009
Ruiz et al., 2000
Ryland et al., 2009
SCAMIT, 2011
Seo and Lee, 2008
Shluker, 2003
Smithsonian-Fort Pierce
1914

Soule et al., 2007
Streftaris et al., 2005
USGS-NAS
Wasson et al., 2002
Wasson et al., 2001
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
Zenetos et al., 2005a
Zongguo, 2001
Zoobotryon verticillatum
#Master Comment
Abdel-Salam and Ramadan, 2008
Amat and Tempera, 2009
Bishop Museum, 2000
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
CANOD, 2009
Carlton and Eldredge, 2009
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen et al., 2002
Cranfield et al., 1998b
Cranfield et al., 1998a
Creary and Webber, 2009
Crooks, 1998a
Dept. of Navy, 2000
deRivera et al., 2007
EPA, 2008
Fairey et al., 2002
Farrapeira, 2010a
Gaonkar et al., 2010
GBIF
GISD
Hewitt et al., 2004
Knapp et al., 2011
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Liu, 2008
McCann et al., 2007
Meadows and Kane, 2006
Montoya-Cadavid et al., 2007
Nandakumar, 1996
Novosel and Požar-Domac, 2001
OBIS
Osburn, 1953
Otani, 2006
Paulay, 2011
Ramadan et al., 2006
Robertson, 1905
Ruiz et al., 2000
SCAMIT, 2008a
Smithsonian-Fort Pierce
Soule et al., 2007
Winston, 1977
Winston, 2004
Winston and Maturo, 2009
Wirtz and Canning-Clode, 2009
Zongguo, 2001
Zostera japonica
Bookheim and Berry, 1999
Boyd et al., 2002
Bulthuis, 1995
California Department of Fish and
Game, 2002
Carlton, 1979
Carlton, 1989
Carlton, 2003
Castillo, 2000
Cohen et al., 2001a
Cohen, 2004b
Cohen, 2004c
Cohen, 2004a
Cohen and Carlton, 1995
Cohen et al., 1998
Crooks, 1998b
Feldman et al., 2000
Furota and Emmett, 1993
GBIF
Golden et al., 1998
Ivanova et al., 2009
Kaldy, 2006
Kozhenkova, 2009
Larned, 2000
Lee and Reusser (PCEIS), 2012
Lee et al., 2006b
Light et al., 2005
Liu, 2008
Mach et al., 2010
Meacham, 2001
Mills, 2001a
O'Connor, 2000
PICES Working Group 21, 2010
Posey, 1988
Shin and Choi, 1998
Simenstad and Fresh, 1995
Sytsma et al., 2004a
Waldeck et al., 2003
WDFW, 1998
Wonham and Carlton, 2005
Zipperer, 1996
1915