foucault-and-the-iranian-revolution-janet-afary

Notes to Pages 223-243 299
Iran Liberation Movement, led by Mehdi Bazargan and Ayatollah Mahmud TaIeqani, took
its place as the most important internal opposition movement.
84. Zulfikar Ali Bhutto was at that time imprisoned by an Islamit military regime;
he was hung in 1979.
85. Ellipsis points in original. In 1978, Dalila Zeggar, a woman of Algerian origin
married to Dennis Maschino, a French schoolteacher, was kidnapped in Canada and
returned to Algeria by her brother Massoud, a wealthy businessman who disapproved of
their marriage. Zeggar was forced into another marriage but eventually escaped and was
reunited with Maschino.
86. The term integrisme refers to a conservative Roman Catholic movement of
the early twentieth century, which supponed all of the popes and their teachings. In
French discussions of Islam, it is often used where in English one would use the term
fundamentalism. The term fondamentalisme also exists in French, but is used far less
frequently.
87. "Whatever the religion of the prince, such is that of his region," from the Peace
of Augsburg (1555), a settlement between Lutherans and Catholics in Germany.
elsewhere.
88. Max Weber used this phrase in The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism and
89. Zoroastrianism was the state religion of the pre-Islamic Persian Empire.
90. The Lebanese civil war began in 1975, when Christian Phalangists attacked
Palestinians.
91. The terms refer to traditional Bedouin head covering and robes.
92. Orkan was the founeenth-century founder of the Ottoman Empire; Cyrus the
Great was a Persian king of the sixth century BCE; Khosroe Anushirvan was a Persian king
of the sixth century CE who scored victories against the Byzantine Empire.
93. This is a reference to Foucault.
94. This is another reference to Foucault.
95. Dateline apparently added by the newspaper's editors. Foucault had not been in
Iran for two months.
96. Shapour Bakhtiar was the last prime minister appointed by the shah. He had
been a member of the moderate wing of the National Front, which now expelled him.
97. While this article was ostensibly a response to Julliard's December 1978
discussion of religion and politics in Le Nouvel ObservateuT, as Rodinson acknowledged
later (see "Critique of Foucault on Iran, " app., 267-77), his real target had been Foucault.
98. Eugene Pottier, a panicipant in the Paris Commune of 1871 and the author of
the "Internationale. "
99. The Roman Emperor Julian (r. 360-63), later termed "the Apostate," attempted
to revive paganism and persecuted Christians, this after Constantine Cr. 307-37) had
begun the process of actively encouraging the Christianization of the Empire. Many Church
officials renounced Christianity during Julian's persecution.
100. Manichaeism, a third-century offshoot of Zoroastrianism with an ascetic bent,
viewed the world as tom by a dualistic struggle between the forces of good and evil. It