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McGUIRE-SYSTEMATICS OF CROTAPHYTID LIZARDS
Diagnosis. - Crotaph ytus insularis can be distin-
guished from all other Crotaphytus by the slender
and elongate nasal process of the premaxilla and its
dorsal pattern of elongate white dashes, some of
which may form thick, wavy transverse lines. It can
be distinguished from all Croraphytus except female
C. rericulatus and occasional C. vestigium by the
extreme reduction of the posterior collar in both
sexes such that it is nearly always absent, and when
present, it is extremely reduced. It can be distin-
guished from all but C. vestigium by the presence
of extravomerine bones. It can be distinguished from
all but some C. vestigium (those from north of Bahia
de Los Angeles, Baja California) and some C. col-
laris by the presence in adult males of olive green
ventrolateral coloration. It can be distinguished from
C. reticulatus, C. collaris, C. ncbrius, and C. dick-
ersonae by the absence of black oral melanin. It can
be further distinguished from C. reticulatus, C. col-
laris, and C. nebritcs by the presence in adult males
of a strongly laterally compressed tail, a white or
off-white dorsal caudal stripe, a pale tan or white
patternless region on the dorsal surface of the head,
and enlarged dark brown or black inguinal patches
(rather than the small inguinal patches of C. nebrius
and some C. collaris). It can be further distinguished
from C. collaris by the presence in adult males of
dark brown or black pigmentation in the gular fold
(= ventrally complete anterior collar). It can be fur-
ther distinguished from C. grismeri by its forelimb
and hindlimb patterns consisting of white reticu-
lations on a brown field and the absence ofa greenish
tint in the white bar that separates the anterior and
posterior collars. It can be further distinguished from
C. reticulatus and from C. antiquus by the absence
of the white dorsal reticulum characteristic of these
species.
Variation (n = 14). -Rostra1 approximately four
times wider than high, usually rectangular in shape.
Rostra1 bordered by four to six postrostrals. Re-
maining snout scales irregularly arranged, an en-
larged middorsal series may be present. Nasals sep-
arated by five to six internasals. Frontonasals oc-
casionally enlarged. Canthals three; six to eight scales
separate canthals of left and right sides. Supraorbital
semicircles present with ten to 14 scales per semi-
circle, median scales do not fuse to form azygous
frontals. Supraoculars flat or convex, smooth, be-
coming progressively larger medially such that me-
dial scales are two to four times larger than lateral
ones. Circumorbitals present, not well differentiated
from supraoculars. Superciliaries eight to 13, ex-
tremely elongate medial scale occasionally present.
Palpebrals ovoid, slightly convex, interspersed with
numerous interstitial granules. Preoculars, suboculars,
and postoculars form an arc of six to 11 rectangular
scales, second, third, or fourth scale not
elongate. Supralabials 13 to 18, usually slightly longer
than high except anteriormost scale, which is
square or pentagonal. Lorilabials in two to three
rows, ovoid to rectangular, juxtaposed, separating
supralabials from suboculars and nasals. Aperture
of external auditory meatus rectangular or ovoid,
often constricted at or above the midpoint, approximately
two to four times higher than wide, with
small, strongly convex, somewhat conical auricular
scales lining anterior margin. Mental pentagonal,
one to 1.5 times wider than high, bordered laterally
by anterior infralabials and posteriorly by a pair of
large postmentals. Postmentals usually separated
from infralabials by a pair of sublabials, occasionally
only one sublabial or no sublabials present. Chinshields
weakly differentiated or undifferentiated. Infralabials
11 to 17, square or wider than high, inferior
border convex. Gulars granular, strongly convex
and beadlike, each scale separated from adjacent
scales by numerous asymmetrically arranged interstitial
granules.
Dorsal scales in approximately 166 to 206 rows
midway between forelimb and hindlimb insertions.
Tail long, cylindrical to oval in females and juveniles
over entire length, anterior one-half strongly
compressed laterally in adult males. Paired, median
row of subcaudals larger than adjacent subcaudals
and lateral caudals. Enla~ed postanal scales in males
present.
Deep postfemoral dermal mite pocket present at
hindlimb insertion. Femoral pores 19 to 23, femoral
pores do not extend beyond angle of knee, separated
medially by 19 to 24 granular scales. Subdigital lamellae
on fourth toe 19 to 24.
Coloration in Lije. -Dorsal body coloration in
adult males is brown. The white component of the
dorsal pattern is composed of elongate white spots
and dashes on the body, with the tail, hindlimbs,
and forelimbs reticulated. Transverse body bars are
absent. Reticulations are always present on the superficial
mandibular and temporal regions. A broad
white or off-white caudal vertebral stripe is present.
The dorsal surface of the head is pale-colored, and
is conspicuously patternless. Olive green ventrolatera1
coloration is present in adult males. The gular
coloration in adult males is generally slate gray with
an olive green tinge. A black central gular compo-