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McGUIRE-SYSTEMATICS OF CROTAPHYTID LIZARDS tographs were provided in Avila (1 995) and Sprack- land (1993). Crof aphytus grismeri McGuire (Fig. 32B) Croraphytus grisnieri McGuire, 1994:439; fig. I. Type locality: "Cation David, a low pass that separates the contiguous Sierra de Los Cucapas and Sierra El Mayor, approximately 2 km W Mex. Hwy. 5 on the dirt road to the sulfur mine (turnoff at km 49 S. Mexicali), Baja California, Mexico" (holotype: CES 067- 629). Etymology.-Named in honor of L. Lee Grismer, noted au- thority on the herpetology of Baja California. Diagnosis. - Crotaphytus grismeri differs from all other Crotaphytus in the presence of a dull orange colored tail and hind limbs in subadult females, green pigmentation within the pale gray or white bar that separates the anterior and posterior black collars, a well-defined pale tan dorsal caudal stripe in juveniles of both sexes, a hindlimb pattern wherein the region between the middle of the thigh and its distal extremity is yellow and unmarked except for scattered minute brown spots, and in its small adult size (maximum male SVL = 99 mm, n = 7; X = 93.3). The presence in subadult females (n = 6, in- cluding photographs of living individuals) of three large, lateral black spots with bold white borders may represent another diagnostic feature. Crota- phytus grismeri is further distinguished from C. re- riculatus, C. antiquus, and C. collaris by the presence, in adult males, of large black or dark brown inguinal patches, a strongly laterally compressed tail, and a bold white dorsal caudal stripe. It differs from these species and from C. dickersonaein that it lacks (in both sexes) black pigmentation of the oral mu- cosa and in the dark brown dorsal ground color of adult males. It differs from the remaining Crota- phytus (C. bicinctores, C. insularis, and C. vestigium) in that the dorsal surface of the forelimb is yellow and almost without pattern, except for a small patch of minute brown spots near the forelimb insertion. It differs further from C. insularis and C. vestigium in that the posterior collar is only narrowly incomplete middorsally rather than broadly incomplete and in having a dorsal pattern of subequal white spots without transversely oriented white bars. Variation (n = 10). - Rostral approximately four times wider than high, usually rectangular in shape. Rostral bordered by three to four postrostrals. Re- maining snout scales irregularly arranged, an enlarged middorsal series may be present. Nasals separated by five to six internasals. Frontonasals occasionally enlarged. Canthals three; five to seven scales separate canthals of left and right sides. Su- praorbital semicircles present with ten to 15 scales per semicircle, median scales sometimes fuse to form an azygous frontal. Supraoculars flat or convex, smooth, becoming progressively larger medially such that medial scales are two to four times larger than lateral ones. Circumorbitals present, not well differentiated from supraoculars. Superciliaries nine to 13, elongate medial scale occasionally present. Pal- pebrals ovoid, slightly convex, interspersed with numerous interstitial granules. Preoculars, suboculars, and postoculars form an arc of seven to 13 rectangular scales, the second, third, or fourth scale only rarely elongate. Supralabials 14 to 17, usually slightly longer than high except anteriormost scale, which is square or pentagonal. Lorilabials in two or three rows, ovoid to rectangular, juxtaposed, separating supralabials from suboculars and nasals. Aperture of external auditory meatus rectangular or ovoid, often constricted at or above the midpoint, approximately four times higher than wide, with small, strongly convex, somewhat conical auricular scales lining anterior margin. Mental pentagonal, one to 1.5 times wider than high, bordered laterally by anterior infralabials and posteriorly by a pair of large postmentals. Postmentals may or may not be separated from infralabials by a pair of sublabials. Chinshields weakly differentiated or undifferentiat- ed. Infralabials 13 to 18, square or wider than high, inferior border convex. Gulars granular, strongly convex and beadlike, each scale separated from adjacent scales by numerous asymmetrically arranged interstitial granules. Dorsal scales in approximately 164 to 190 rows midway between forelimb and hindlimb insertions. Tail long, cylindrical to oval in females and juveniles over entire length, anterior one-half strongly compressed laterally in adult males. Paired, median row of subcaudals larger than adjacent subcaudals and lateral caudals. Enlarged postanal scales present in males. Deep postfemoral dermal mite pocket present at hindlimb insertion. Femoral pores 19 to 23, femoral pores do not extend beyond angle of knee, separated medially by 20 to 25 granular scales. Subdigital la- mellae on fourth toe 18 to 20. Coloration in LiJe. -Dorsal body coloration in adult males is brown, without pale orange or peach colored body bands. The white component of the dorsal pattern is composed of white spots and oc- casional dashes on the body, as well as the proximal
BULLETIN CARNEGIE MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 32 portions of the tail and hindlimbs. Transverse body bars are absent. The forelimbs are tan with yellow blotching above and lack the white reticulations or spotting found on other Crotaphytus. The hindlimb is brown with white spots proximally, grading abruptly at about midthigh into yellow-tan with small light brown spots. The minute brown spots terminate proximal to the pes, which is uniform yellow-tan. The lateral surfaces of the proximal half of the tail are brown with white spots, the white component gradually expands distally such that the distal half of the tail becomes uniform pale gray. A broad white or off-white caudal vertebral stripe is present in adult males. The dorsal surface of the head is pale golden tan, and is conspicuously pat- ternless. Reticulations are always present on the su- perficial mandibular and temporal regions. Olive green or burnt orange ventrolateral coloration is lacking. The gular coloration in adult males is dark blue-gray with a black central gular component. The peripheral gular pattern is the standard reticulate form. Anterior and posterior collar markings are always present. The anterior collars are complete ventrally, with black pigments extending through the gular fold. A pair of black nuchal spots are not present middorsally between the anterior collar markings. Enlarged melanic axillary patches im- mediately posterior to the forelimb insertion are absent. Large melanic inguinal patches are always present in adult males. The femoral pores are gen- erally off-white to gray in color. Paired, melanic keels are present on the ventral surface of the caudal extremity. Females are less vividly marked than males. The limbs are not as distinctly yellow as in males, the head and gular markings are duller, the white dorsal caudal stripe is either absent or much less devel- oped, and the melanic inguinal patches, ventrally complete anterior collar marking, and central gular spot are absent. Gravid females develop vivid orange or reddish lateral bars. The tail of subadult females is burnt orange in coloration. Size. -This species exhibits strong sexual dimor- phism with males reaching larger adult size (maximum observed SVL = 99 mm) than females (maximum observed SVL = 83 mm). Distribution (Fig. 47, 48). - Crotaphytus grismeri is known only from the type locality and a sight record in Caiiada La Palma, approximately 6 km W of El Faro. It is presumed to be restricted to the Sierra de Los Cucapas and the contiguous Sierra El Mayor, an isolated granitic mountain range in ex- treme northeastern Baja California, Mexico. This 80 km-long, 10 km-wide mountain range is isolated from the Sierra de Juarez of the peninsular ranges (inhabited by C. rvestigium) to the west by Laguna Salada, a 15 km-wide flood plain that occasionally is inundated by waters from the Gulf of California. The substrate within Laguna Salada is hardpan with scattered aeolian sand. The rocky substratum re- quired by the saxicolous C. grismeri is entirely absent, thus isolating this species to this mountain range. Fossil Record. -None Natural History. - Crotaphytus grismerj is saxicolous and all lizards observed at the type locality were basking on small- to medium-sized granitic rocks on rock-strewn hillsides. Lizards were observed at all levels on the hillsides, from the rocky rubble at the bases of the hills to the tops of the hillsides 100 to 200 m above (McGuire, 1994). The activity season for the species extends at least from early March to early November. An adult male (98 mm SVL) was observed on 6 March 1993 and a juvenile male was observed on 7 November 1992. The latest date on which an adult has been observed was 12 September 1992. However, this was a gravid female and it is certain that the activity period extends at least for a few more weeks. Several gravid females were observed on 2 May and 16 May 1992 and this, together with the presence of a gravid female in early September, suggests that second clutches may be produced. Several neonates ranging in SVL between 50 and 63 mm were observed on 12 September along with the gravid female, which further supports the contention that second clutches may occur (McGuire, 1994). Illustrations. -Color photographs of adult male, a gravid female, and a subadult female, as well as a black-and-white photo of the ventral pattern of adult males appeared in McGuire (1994). Crotaphytus insularis Van Denburgh and Slevin (Fig. 32D) Croraphyrus insularis Van Denburgh and Slevin, 192 l:96. Type locality: "East coast of Angel de la Guardia Island seven miles north of Pond Island, Gulf of California, Mexico" (holotype: CAS 49151). Crotaphyrus (Croraphpus) insularis-Weiner and Smith, 1965: 187. Croraphyrus collaris insularis-Soul6 and Sloan. 1966: 140. Croraphyrur insularis insularis-Smith and Tanner, 1972:27. Elymology. -From the Latin insula. island, and aris, penain- ing to. In reference to the insular distribution of this species.
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