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1996 McGUIRE- SYSTEMATICS OF CROTAPHY TID LIZARDS 57
just reaches forelimb insertion, (2) terminates (I) golden tan; (2) straw yellow; (3) aquamarine
within antehumeral fold, (3) terminates before to cobalt blue; (4) brown; (5) olive green, turentering
antehumeral fold.
76. Dark nuchal spots (P): (0) absent, (I) present.
quoise, or gray.
77. Inguinal patches (P): (0) absent, (I) present.
78. Inguinal patches (U): (0) small, (1) large (taxa
without inguinal patches coded as unknown
["?"I)
79. Femoral pore secretions (P): (0) off-white to gray,
(1) black.
80. Black pigmentation in central region of gular
BEHAVIOR
86. Saxicoly (including the use of saltatory bipedal
locomotion in rocky habitats) (U): (0) absent,
(1) present.
87. Territoriality (P): (0) present, (1) absent.
88. Lateral tail coiling (P): (0) absent, (1) present.
pattern (U): (0) absent, (1) present.
8 1. Peripheral gular pattern (U): (0) reticulated, (1)
pale spots or radiating oblique stripes.
82. Gular pattern (U): (0) present only in adults and
well developed in males only, (1) well developed
in all age classes and in both sexes.
83. Enlarged melanic axillary patches (P): (0) absent,
(1) present.
84. Ventrolateral coloration (P, UO): (0) does not
differ from ventral coloration (white), (1) olive
green, (2) orange, (3) blue.
85. Dorsal coloration (U, UO): (0) off-white to tan;
ALLozYMES
89. H-LDH (U): four electromorphs.
90. aGPD (U): two electromorphs.
9 1. 6-PGD (U): three electromorphs.
92. ICDs (U): four electromorphs.
93. ICDm (U): four electromorphs.
94. GOTs (U): three electromorphs.
95. Pro (U): two electromorphs.
96. Est 1 (U): three electromorphs.
97. Hbpf (U): two electromorphs.
98. Tr (U): four electromorphs.
An initial analysis was performed on the mor-
phological data set of 88 characters (allozyme data
of Montanucci et al. [I9751 not included). This re-
sulted in the discovery of a single tree (Fig. 37) with
a length of 12,334 (123.34 when the effect of weight-
ing the characters is removed) and a consistency
index (CI; excluding uninformative characters) of
0.761, a retention index (RI) of 0.848, and a g, tree
length frequency distribution skewness value of
- 1.49 (the critical g, value for this data set when
randomized is -0.16 [P 5 0.01 1); Table 1). This CI
is greater than that expected for an analysis of 13
taxa (expected CI = 0.649; Sanderson and Dono-
ghue, 1989), indicating that there is less homoplasy
than expected in these data when compared with
the 60 data sets reexamined by Sanderson and Don-
oghue (1989). The g, value is strongly left skewed
suggesting that the data are phylogenetically infor-
mative. The tree generated in the bootstrap analysis
is presented in Figure 38.
Reanalysis of the allozyme data set of Montanucci
et al. (1 975) using the Manhattan distance frequency
approach resulted in the discovery of a single most
parsimonious tree (Fig. 39A). The tree length fre-
quency distribution data, summarized by the g, sta-
RESULTS
tistic (Hillis and Huelsenbeck, 1992), suggests that
there is phylogenetically informative signal in this
data set (observed g, value of -0.50; the critical g,
value for this data set when randomized is -0.45
[P r 0.011). The bootstrap tree for the analysis is
given in Figure 39B (see comments below regarding
interpretation of bootstrap P values).
Because analysis of both the morphological and
allozyme data sets suggests that they contain phy-
logenetic signal, these data sets were combined and
the larger data set was analyzed. Analysis of the
combined morphology and allozyme data sets re-
sulted in the same tree as did the analysis of the
morphology data alone (Fig. 37). The tree length is
139.91, while the C1 (excluding uninformative char-
acters) for the combined tree is 0.761, the RI is
0.848, and the g, value is - 1.45 (critical g, value
= -0.15 [P I 0.0 I]). PAUP is unable to incorporate
the step matrix characters into the CI and RI cal-
culations, which explains why the CI and RI values
are identical to those discovered in the analysis of
the morphological data alone. The g, and CI values
indicate that the data harbor substantial phyloge-
netic signal. The 50 percent majority-rule consensus
tree generated in the bootstrap analysis of the com-