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1996 McGUIRE-SYSTEMATICS OF CROTAPHYTID LIZARDS 5 5 external nares, (I) overlap nasal process of the premaxilla anterior to posterior extent of external nares. 4. Prefrontals (P): (0) not in contact with jugals, (1) contact jugals. 5. Cranium (U): (0) vaulted, (1) not vaulted. 6. Postorbitals (P): (0) weakly overlapped dorsally by frontal and parietal, (I) strongly overlapped dorsally by frontal and parietal. 7. Tubercle on anterolateral portion of postorbitals (P): (0) absent, (I) present. 8. Posterior border of parietal roof (P): (0) approximately twice as wide as narrowest portion of frontal bone (unconstricted), (I) equal in width or only slightly wider than narrowest portion of frontal bone (constricted). 9. Supratemporal processes (in lateral view) (P): (0) tapered, rapidly narrowing dorsoventrally at their midpoints; (1) not tapered, remain broad over entire length. 10. Supratemporals (P): (0) broadly exposed on the lateral surface of the supratemporal process of the parietal, (1) lies in a groove on ventral surface of supratemporal process of parietal. 1 I. Septomaxillae (P): (0) wide, (I) narrow. 12. Suture of maxillae with premaxilla (P): (0) not saddle-shaped, no process of the maxilla over- laps the lateral border of the premaxillary base; (1) saddle-shaped, a process of the maxilla over- laps lateral border of premaxillary base. 13. Shape of maxilla-palatine articulation (U): (0) low arch, (1) triangular. 14. Jugal+ctopterygoid tubercle (P): (0) absent, (1) present. 15. Angle of jugal along anteroventral border of orbit (P): (0) approximately 45 degrees, (1) approximately 90 degrees (box-like condition). 16. Extravomerine bones (P): (0) absent, (1) at least one present. 17. Palatine foramen (U): (0) present, (1) absent. 18. Transverse process of the pterygoid with (U): (0) weakly developed ventral process, (I) strongly developed ventral process. 19. Paraoccipital processes project posteriorly (P): (0) to level of occipital condyle, (1) well beyond occipital condyle. 20. Angle of the quadrate process of the pterygoid (U): (0) approximately 18 degrees, (1) approximately 26-3 1 degrees. 2 1. Posterior projection of ectopterygoid crest (U): (0) present, (I) absent. 22. Posterior projections of parabasisphenoid (P): (0) reach the sphenoccipital tubercles; (1) ter- minate at, or anterior to, the base of the sphenoccipital tubercles. 23. Anterior extent of angular (U): (0) never reaches the fourth dentary tooth (counting forward from the posteriormost tooth) and rarely extends an- teriorly beyond the posteriormost tooth, (I) extends at least to the fourth tooth (counting forward from the posteriormost tooth) and usually beyond. 24. Posterior mylohyoid foramen (U): (0) equal with apex of coronoid, (1) posterior to apex of coronoid. 25. Posterolingual process of the coronoid (P): (0) oriented vertically, (1) angled posteroventrally at approximately 45 degrees. 26. Bony shelf extending between medial process of surangular and ramus of mandible (P): (0) absent, (1) present. 27. Lateral process of surangular (P): (0) absent or present as a weakly elevated ridge, (1) present as a large protuberance. 28. Ridge on lateral surface of surangular (P, UO): (0) absent, (I) moderately developed, (2) strongly developed such that the dorsal surface of the mandible is concave. 29. Tympanic crest (P): (0) forms lateral border of retroarticular process, (1) curves posteromedially. 30. Maxillary and dentary teeth (P): (0) stout, either straight or slightly recurved; (1) long, slender, and more strongly recurved. 3 1. Number of premaxillary teeth (U, UO): (0) five, (I) six, (2) seven, (3) eight, (4) nine. 32. Palatine teeth (P): (0) absent, (1) present. 33. Pterygoid tooth patch (P): (0) follows margin of interpterygoid vacuity, (1) curves posterolater- ally. HYOID APPARATUS 34. Ceratohyals (U): (0) without hook-like processes on proximal, medial edge; ( I ) with hook-like processes on proximal, medial edge. 35. Length of second ceratobranchials (U): (0) approximately one-half length of ceratohyals, (1) more than two-thirds length of ceratohyals. 36. Second ceratobranchials (P): (0) in contact me- dially, (I) widely separated. 37. Skull rugosity at some point in ontogeny (U): (0) absent, (I) present.
BULLETIN CARNEGIE MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 32 POSTCRANIAL SKELETON 38. Zygosphenes (P): (0) not separated from pre- zygapophyses by notch, (I) separated from pre- zygapophyses by notch. 39. Tail shape (P): (0) round or subcylindrical without well-developed dorsal and ventral fat bodies, (I) laterally compressed with well-developed dorsal and ventral fat bodies. 40. Autotomic fracture planes of caudal vertebrae (P): (0) present, (I) absent. 4 1. Number ofxiphisternal ribs (P): (0) two, (I) one. 42. Notch on the anterior edge of the suprascapular cartilage (P): (0) absent, (1) present. 43. Posterior coracoid fenestrae (P): (0) absent, (1) present. 44. Calcified cartilage anterior border of scapular fenestra (P): (0) present, (I) absent. 45. Clavicular fenestrations (P): (0) absent, (1) present. 46. Termini of iliac blades (U): (0) laterally compressed, (I) round. 47. Arch formed by contact of the medial and lateral plantar tubercles (P): (0) absent, (I) present. SQUAMATION 48. Rostral scale (U): (0) broad, approximately four times wider than high; (1) narrow, approximately two times wider than high. 49. Some of the prefrontal, frontal, interparietal, and parietal scales are (U): (0) enlarged relative to the surrounding scales in such a way as to form conspicuous supraorbital semicircles, (I) not enlarged relative to surrounding scales such that conspicuous supraorbital semicircles are not distinguishable. 50. Elongate scale in subocular series (P): (0) present, (1) absent. 5 1. Terminal supradigital scales (P): (0) not elevated from dorsal surface of claws. (1) elevated from dorsal surface of claws. 52. Femoral pore series (P): (0) terminates before reaching inferior angle of knee, (I) extends beyond inferior angle of knee. 53. Femoral pores (P): (0) much larger and more strongly developed in males than females, (1) roughly equal in size or only slightly larger in males than females. 54. Distal tail skin (P): (0) bound to underlying musculature, (1) loosely adherent to underlying musculature. 55. Posteromedially angled folds within gular fold (U): (0) present, (1) absent. 56. Angle of supra-auricular fold (U): (0) horizon- tal, (1) at 45-degree angle. 57. Antehumeral mite pockets (P): (0) absent, (1) present. 58. Postfemoral mite pockets (P): (0) absent, (1) present. ADD~T~ONAL STRUCTURAL CHARAC~ERS 59. Hemipenes (U): (0) large, (1) small. 60. Sexual dimorphism (P): (0) males larger than females, (1) females larger than males. COLORATION 6 1. Ephemeral orange coloration in subadult males (P): (0) absent, (I) present. 62. Paired, paravertebrally arranged, blood-red spots in juveniles of both sexes (P): (0) absent, (I) present. 63. Bright yellow tail coloration in adult females (P): (0) absent, (I) present. 64. Bright yellow tail coloration in juveniles ofboth sexes (P): (0) absent, (1) present. 65. Off-white stripe on dorsal crest of tail (P): (0) absent, (1) present. 66. Juvenile dorsal pattern with a white reticular component (P): (0) absent, (1) present. 67. Granular reticulations on ventrolateral surface of abdomen (P): (0) absent, (1) present. 68. White component of adult dorsal body pattern in the form of (U, UO): (0) broad, offset, transverse bars; (I) a reticulum over the entire dorsal surface; (2) spots; (3) spots along with slender transverse dorsal stripes; (4) spots along with wavy lines and dashes. 69. Sexual dichromatism of the dorsal pattern (U): (0) absent; (I) present, such that the dorsal coloration of males and females is conspicuously different. 70. Paired melanic keels on ventral caudal extrem- ity (P): (0) absent, (1) present. 7 1. Black oral melanin (P): (0) absent, (I) present. 72. Black collar or collars with white borders (P): (0) collars absent, (1) collars present. 73. Posterior collar markings (U): (0) in contact dorsally or nearly so, (I) widely separated dorsally. 74. Anterior collar (U): (0) incomplete ventrally (no dark pigments in gular fold), (I) complete ventrally (dark pigments present in gular fold). 75. Ventral extent of the posterior collar (U, UO): (0) extends onto dorsal surface of brachium, (1)
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