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Fig. 18.-Squamation of the dorsal portion of the head of Cro-
raphyrus collaris (USNM 17 183. adult male). Scale = 5 mm.
Rostra1 Scale (Character 48).- In all crotaphytids
except Crotaphytus dickersonae, the rostral scale is
approximately four times wider than high. In C.
dickersonae, the rostral is less elongate and approx-
imately two times wider than high. There is much
variation in the outgroups, although most taxa have
a rostral that is much wider than high. Consequent-
ly, this character was left unpolarized.
Siipraorbital Semicircles (Character 49; Fig. 18,
19). - Crotaphytus have supraorbital semicircles
composed of scales that are much larger than the
adjacent supraoculars. In Gatnbelia, obvious supra-
orbital semicircles are absent, with the supraoculars
tending to grade into the frontal series. The out-
groups vary considerably in the presence of discrete
supraorbital semicircles. They are present in all
oplurids and polychrotids examined (except Cha-
rnaeleolis), and variable within the remaining fam-
ilies. Within Hoplocercidae, they are absent in En-
yalioides laticeps, but present in E. praestabilis and
E. oshaugnessyi. Within Phrynosomatidae, they are
present in Petrosaurus and the Sceloporus group,
Lrt?ia notata. U. scoparia, and U. inornata, but ab-
sent in Phrynosoma and Uma exsul. In tropidurids,
they are present in some Pttyrnaturus patagonicus,
Leiocephalus, Liolaemus, Stenocercini, basal Tro-
pidurini (except Uranoscodon stcperciliosus), and
absent in Ctenoblepharys adspersics, most Phyma-
OF CROTAPHYTID LIZARDS
Fig. 19.-Squamation of the dorsal portion of the head of Gani-
bclia ~vislizcnii
(SDSNH 68662, adult fcmale). Scale = 5 mm.
turtis, and Uranoscodon superciliosus. In iguanids,
they are present in Dipsosaurus, absent in Brachy-
lophus fasciatus, and generally absent in the re-
maining taxa. In chamaeleonids, they are absent in
Hydrosaicrus pusttclatus, Leiolepis belliana. Uro-
mastyx loricatus, and U. ocellatus, variable in U.
geyrii, U. rnicrolepis, and U. acanfhinurus, and pres-
ent in U. aegypticus, U. asmtcssi, U. hardwickii, U.
rnacfadyeni, U. philbyi, and U. fhontasi. In coryto-
phanids, they are present in t3asiliscus plumifrons,
B. vitatrtcs, Corytophanes hernandczi, absent in C.
cristatus and C. percarinattcs, and variable in Lae-
manctics. Because of this extensive variation, this
character was left unpolarized.
Subociilars (Character 50; Fig. 20, 21).-In Cro-
taphyttcs, the suboculars are subquadrate, with the
third scale occasionally larger than the others,
whereas in Garnbelia, the second subocular is four
to five times larger than the others. Assessing po-
larity of this feature is difficult because both states
are widespread within the Iguania. At least one sub-
ocular is much longer than the others in phryno-
somatids except Phrynosorna, the oplurids Oplurus