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McGUIRE-SYSTEMATICS OF CROTAPHYTID LIZARDS
a series of syntypes, rather than a single holotype.
In their description, Baird and Girard (1 852a) stat-
ed: "Head proportionally narrow and elongated; ce-
phalic plates and scales on the back very small: yel-
lowish brown, spotted all over with small patches
of deeper brown or black. Caught near Santa Fk, by
Dr. Wislizenius (sic); specimens of the same species
sent in by Lieut. Col. J. D. Graham, collected be-
tween San Antonio and El Paso del Norte." Thus,
the description of the species appears to be based
on the specimen from near Santa Fe, whereas the
other specimens were referred to the species after-
ward. Therefore, according to the International
Commission of Zoological Nomenclature ( 1 985), it
is inappropriate to designate a lectotype for the spe-
cies. Furthermore, except under "exceptional cir-
cumstances," a neotype is not to be designated ei-
ther. "Exceptional circumstances," such as when a
neotype is necessary in the interests of stability of
nomenclature, clearly are not evident at present.
Therefore, USNM 2685 (collected between San An-
tonio and El Paso del Norte), which was designated
as the lectotype by Tanner and Banta (1 963), should
not be recognized as either a lectotype or a neotype.
If the designation of a neotype should become nec-
essary, it should be collected in the immediate vi-
cinity of Santa Fe, New Mexico.
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF CROTAPHYTUS AND GAMBELIA
A key to the species of Croraph~vus is not difficult
to produce for adult males because most species are
easily distinguished on the basis of conspicuous color
pattern characteristics. A key for adult females
and juveniles of both sexes is more difficult because
many of the characteristics that distinguish species
are present only in adult males. Adult male Croraphytus
are easily distinguished from females by
the presence of conspicuous gular coloration, larger
femoral pores with a greater quantity of exudate,
and often by the presence of enlarged postanal scales.
A number of additional sexually dichromatic features
may also be employed depending on the species
in question (see taxonomic accounts). With regard
to Gajnbelia, the formulation of a key is difficult
for both sexes and all age classes due to variation
in the coloration of G. tvislizenii and G. silts
and the absence of distinctive features of squamation.
With a few notable exceptions, all species of
Croraphytus and Gambelia are allopatrically distributed
with respect to their congeners. Thus, geography
is usually a reliable means for determining
species identifications when morphology fails. Fortunately,
where geographic overlap occurs, the species
in question are easily distinguished. Note: The
key to juvenile Crolaphyrus does not include C. antiquus
for which no specimens are available.
Key to the Species of Croraphyrtcs
(Adult Males)
1. Dorsal pattern comprised of white or pale gray net-like
reticulations on a golden tan or brown dorsal base color,
femoral pores jet black (Fig. 30C, D) ................ 2
la. Dorsal pattern composed of white spots and/or dashes,
with or without white transverse bars, on a brown, blue,
green, tan, or straw yellow dorsal base color; femoral
pores of-white or gray (Fig. 3 1, 32) ................. 3
2. Dorsal coloration golden tan, groin patches absent (Fig.
30C, 33) .................................. re~icula~lcr
2a. Dorsal coloration brown, groin patches present (Fig. 30D)
............................................. antiquur
3. Anterior collar markings incomplete ventrally (do not
pass through the gular fold (Fig. 33) ............. collaris
3a. Anterior collar markings complete ventrally (Fig. 34.
35) .............................................. 4
4. Tail round or nearly so in cross section without an ofwhite
vertebral stripe; small melanic inguinal patches
are present but confined to immediate vicinity of groin
(Fig. 31A. 34) ............................... nebriur
4a. Tail strongly compressed laterally with a white or offwhite
vertebral stripe; large melanic inguinal patches
extend half way to the forelimb insertion or more (Fig.
31B.32A-D,35) .................................. 5
5. Dorsal coloration aquamarine to cobalt blue; black oral
melanin present (Fig. 3 1 B) ................. dickersonae
5a. Dorsal coloration dark brown; black oral melanin absent
(Fig. 32A-D) ..................................... 6
6. Posterior collar markings absent or extremely reduced;
white component of dorsal pattern composed of irregularly
arranged, elongate, wavy white lines (Fig. 32D)
....................................... insularis
6a. Posterior collar markings present; white component of
dorsal pattern composed of white spots and/or dashes.
with or without regularly arranged white transverse ban
(Fig. 31A-C. 32A, B) .............................. 7
7. White dorsal transverse ban present (Fig. 32C); olive
green or yellow-orange ventrolateral breeding coloration
present; posterior collar markings widely separated dorsally
....................................... vesrigium
7a. White dorsal transverse ban absent, olive green or yellow-orange
ventrolateral breeding coloration absent;
posterior collar marking in contact or narrowly separated
dorsally ..................................... 8
8. Granular ventrolateral reticulations present; pale orange
or peach-colored transverse bands incorporated into
brown dorsal base coloration; white bar that separates