The Geography of Phytochemical Races

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240 5 Wide Disjunctions Fig. 5.12 Compounds 488–505, halogenated terpenes from Portieria and Laurencia species Reef (Coll and Wright, 1987). Several related compounds have also been identifi ed from plants collected on Amami Island (north of Okinawa) by Ichikawa et al. (1974). 5.2.16 Laurencia (Rhodomelaceae) Laurencia, which has also attracted a lot of attention because of its chemical constituents, is a comparatively large genus. In addition to examples of geographically distinct chemotypes, the examples below illustrate the considerable structural variety
5.2 Nonvascular Plants 241 that occurs in members of the genus. The fi rst example features L. obtusa (Huds.) Lamour., a taxon known from the western Pacifi c, Indian, and Atlantic Oceans, and the Mediterranean Sea. Caccamese et al. (1981) studied lipid-soluble components of L. obtusa collected from four sites on the eastern coast of Sicily spanning a distance of about 75 km from Castelluccio and Brucoli (the latter at 37°17′N, 15°11′E), south to Capo Murro di Porco (just south of Siracusa) and further to Portopalo on the southeastern tip of the island (Fig. 5.13). The profi les of lipidsoluble compounds from the four collections, as determined by GC-MS, were very different, although some of the lesser compounds appeared to be shared between some sites. The sample from Castelluccio, however, exhibited a compound, identifi ed as laurencienyne [493], not seen in plants from the other three sites. It was accompanied by a compound judged, on the basis of its identical mass spectrum, to be the Z-isomer. A second compound from the Castelluccio site was identifi ed as obtusenyne [494]. Plants from Brucoli afforded compound [495], known as obtusadiol, as the major component. Plants from the most southerly site, Portopalo, also afforded obtusenyne, and probably its E-isomer, but there was no evidence for laurencienyne [493]. The major compound from plants from Capo Murro di Porco was identifi ed as obtusin [496] (See Fig. 5.12 for structures 493–496). Among the other compounds identifi ed from all sites were n-heptadecane and cholesterol. Additional information on sesquiterpenoids from L. obtusa can be found in Amico et al. (1991). Those authors also demonstrated that neither sexual stage nor age of plant had any effect on the qualitative composition of the lipid fractions. They did comment, however, on the possibility that the secondary chemical output of plants at these different sites might refl ect local environmental conditions, especially considering that the distance between the sites at Castelluccio and Brucoli is only a few kilometers. They pointed to the work of Howard et al. (1980), who had demonstrated such effects on the chemical content of two species of Laurencia in California over Fig. 5.13 Map of eastern Sicily showing Laurencia obtusa collection sites
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The Geography of Phytochemical Race
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Dr. Bruce A. Bohm 3685 West 15th Av
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Acknowledgments I thank many worker
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x Abstract which biosynthetic step
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xii Zusammenfassung Leider wurden n
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xiv Contents 2.3.11 Thymus (Lamiace
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xvi Contents 4 Intercontinental Dis
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xviii Contents 6.8 Kerguelen Island
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2 1 Introduction It is useful to me
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Chapter 3 After the Ice According t
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3.1 North America 127 Fig. 3.1 Comp
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3.1 North America 129 7-O-glucoside
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3.1 North America 131 been found to
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3.1 North America 133 structural ty
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3.1 North America 135 Two species c
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3.1 North America 137 3.1.5 Thuja p
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3.1 North America 139 allele freque
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3.2 North American Conifers 141 fro
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3.2 North American Conifers 143 hom
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3.2 North American Conifers 145 Fig
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3.2 North American Conifers 147 cam
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3.2 North American Conifers 149 hig
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3.2 North American Conifers 151 dis
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3.2 North American Conifers 153 Fig
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3.2 North American Conifers 157 Tab
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3.2 North American Conifers 159 Fol
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3.2 North American Conifers 161 sim
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3.3 Europe 163 Fig. 3.11 Compounds
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3.3 Europe 165 levels of 3-carene i
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3.4 South America 167 historic time
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3.4 South America 169 Fig. 3.13 Com
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3.4 South America 171 Mediterranean
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174 4 Intercontinental Disjunctions
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Page 260 and 261: 246 6 Oceanic Islands Fig. 6.1 Loca
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292 7 Polar Disjunctions (1978), an
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294 7 Polar Disjunctions Table 7.1
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296 7 Polar Disjunctions occurs thr
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Chapter 8 Conclusions Some years ag
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302 Bibliography Amico, V., Caccame
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304 Bibliography Bennett, K. D. 199
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306 Bibliography Caccamese, S., R.
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308 Bibliography ———, Hussain
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310 Bibliography Del Pero Martinez,
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312 Bibliography ——— 1987. A
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314 Bibliography ———. 1878. F
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316 Bibliography Herz, W. and Kumar
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318 Bibliography Jutila, H. M. 1996
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320 Bibliography Levin, D. A. 1976.
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322 Bibliography Masuda, M., Abe, T
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324 Bibliography ———. 1966. A
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326 Bibliography Prus-Glowacki, W.
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328 Bibliography Sanders, R. W. 197
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330 Bibliography ———, Morgan,
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332 Bibliography Takhajan, A. 1969.
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334 Bibliography von Rudloff, E. 19
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336 Bibliography ———, Koenig,
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Plant Family Index Algae Codiaceae,
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Plant Genus Index Algae Chondrococc
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Plant Genus Index 343 Bryophytes (l
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346 Subject Index Cyanogenesis, gen
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348 Subject Index Romania, 36 Rooib
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The Geography of Phytochemical Races

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