The Geography of Phytochemical Races

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236 5 Wide Disjunctions obtained. Extensive studies of the genus have shown the existence of both more or less local as well as very widespread patterns of variation. For example, König et al. (1999) recorded variation in the existence of both cyclic and acyclic compounds in P. harmatum J. Agardh collected from three areas on the Great Barrier Reef of Australia. Specimens were collected from six sites representing northern, central, and southern parts of the reef: Milne Reef and Telford Reef from the Cairns Section (Cairns lies at 16°51′S, 145°43′E); Orpheus Island (18°40′S, 146°30′E), Rib Reef, and Potter Reef from the Central Section; and Heron Island (23°25′S, 151°55′E) from the Mackay/Capricorn Section (Fig. 5.10). This species proved to be a rich source of compounds, whose structures appear in Fig. 5.11, marked [477–487]. The terpene profi le of plants from the three areas exhibited a good deal of variation, ranging from the richest arrays seen in plants from the northern sites, through highly heterogeneous arrays in plants from the central part of the range, to a comparatively simple array in plants from the Heron Island site. Only in the case of northern region were identical chemical profi les observed in plants from different sites (Milne and Telford Reefs). The data appear in Table 5.3. Tests of biological activity revealed that compound [480], whose complete structure was determined to be (1S,2S,4R,5R,1′E)-2-bromo-1-bromomethyl-1,4-dichloro- 5-(2′-chloroethenyl)-5-methylcyclohexane by X-ray crystallographic analysis, is very toxic to Chlorella fusca under laboratory conditions. The other compounds Fig. 5.10 Map of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia
5.2 Nonvascular Plants 237 Fig. 5.11 Compounds 477–487, halogenated terpenes from Plocamium Source of plants Compounds identifi eda Table 5.3 Distribution of halogenated monoterpenes in Plocamium hamatum from the Great Barrier Reef (from König et al., 1999) Cairns Section Milne Reef [477] – [482] Telford Reef [477] – [482] Central Section Orpheus Island [483] Rib Reef [478] [479] [483] – [485] Potter Reef [478] [479] [482] [486] Mackay/Capricorn Section Heron Island [478] [479] a See Fig. 5.11 for structures. were less active. Biological activity in nature of one or more compounds in this taxon is suggested by the observation of Prof. G. Forbes of James Cooke University (communication to König et al., 1999) that P. hamatum is the only alga not eaten by the local green sea turtle (Chelonia midas). The second example features P. cartilagineum, a cold-water species that enjoys a wide distribution (Gabrielson and Scagel, 1989). Patterns of variation for halogenated monoterpenes have been reported for this species collected from several locations that include Atlantic, Pacifi c, and Antarctic waters. Both cyclic and acyclic
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The Geography of Phytochemical Race
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Dr. Bruce A. Bohm 3685 West 15th Av
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Acknowledgments I thank many worker
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x Abstract which biosynthetic step
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xii Zusammenfassung Leider wurden n
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xiv Contents 2.3.11 Thymus (Lamiace
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xvi Contents 4 Intercontinental Dis
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xviii Contents 6.8 Kerguelen Island
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2 1 Introduction It is useful to me
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Chapter 3 After the Ice According t
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3.1 North America 127 Fig. 3.1 Comp
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3.1 North America 129 7-O-glucoside
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3.1 North America 131 been found to
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3.1 North America 133 structural ty
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3.1 North America 135 Two species c
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3.1 North America 137 3.1.5 Thuja p
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3.1 North America 139 allele freque
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3.2 North American Conifers 141 fro
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3.2 North American Conifers 143 hom
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3.2 North American Conifers 145 Fig
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3.2 North American Conifers 147 cam
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3.2 North American Conifers 149 hig
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3.2 North American Conifers 151 dis
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3.2 North American Conifers 153 Fig
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3.2 North American Conifers 155 agr
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3.2 North American Conifers 157 Tab
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3.2 North American Conifers 159 Fol
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3.2 North American Conifers 161 sim
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3.3 Europe 163 Fig. 3.11 Compounds
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3.3 Europe 165 levels of 3-carene i
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3.4 South America 167 historic time
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3.4 South America 169 Fig. 3.13 Com
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3.4 South America 171 Mediterranean
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174 4 Intercontinental Disjunctions
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286 7 Polar Disjunctions and variet
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288 7 Polar Disjunctions Fig. 7.2 C
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290 7 Polar Disjunctions Fig. 7.3 C
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292 7 Polar Disjunctions (1978), an
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294 7 Polar Disjunctions Table 7.1
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296 7 Polar Disjunctions occurs thr
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Chapter 8 Conclusions Some years ag
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302 Bibliography Amico, V., Caccame
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304 Bibliography Bennett, K. D. 199
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306 Bibliography Caccamese, S., R.
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308 Bibliography ———, Hussain
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310 Bibliography Del Pero Martinez,
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312 Bibliography ——— 1987. A
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314 Bibliography ———. 1878. F
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316 Bibliography Herz, W. and Kumar
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318 Bibliography Jutila, H. M. 1996
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320 Bibliography Levin, D. A. 1976.
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322 Bibliography Masuda, M., Abe, T
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324 Bibliography ———. 1966. A
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326 Bibliography Prus-Glowacki, W.
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328 Bibliography Sanders, R. W. 197
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330 Bibliography ———, Morgan,
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332 Bibliography Takhajan, A. 1969.
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334 Bibliography von Rudloff, E. 19
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336 Bibliography ———, Koenig,
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Plant Family Index Algae Codiaceae,
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Plant Genus Index Algae Chondrococc
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Plant Genus Index 343 Bryophytes (l
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346 Subject Index Cyanogenesis, gen
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348 Subject Index Romania, 36 Rooib
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The Geography of Phytochemical Races

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