The Geography of Phytochemical Races

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180 4 Intercontinental Disjunctions Table 4.2 Selected fl oral fragrance components of Cypripedium (top panel) and classes of compounds (bottom panel) (after Bergström et al., 1992) Compound 3CALa PAR PUB Classb Myrcene
4.1 Across the Atlantic Ocean 181 caused by some combination of the nitrogenous components of the species, ephedrine derivatives taken as a case in point. A recent paper by Caveney et al. (2001) surveyed 26 species of Ephedra for nitrogenous compounds. Several interesting differences among different groups of species were observed, but the observation of interest to us here is the presence of ephedrine [(–)-1-phenyl-1-hydroxy-2-Nmethylaminopropane] and pseudo-ephedrine [the ( + )-isomer] in Eurasian species and their nearly total absence from New World species. The only exception was the detection of a trace of pseudo-ephedrine (>0.01% wet mass) in E. californica. 4.1.6 Cactaceae and Aizoaceae An early review of chemistry of disjunct (allojunct in the paper) taxa was that of Turner (1972), one of the strongest proponents of the chemotaxonomic school of the 1960s and 1970s. One of the subjects he discussed was the disjunct family pair Cactaceae and Aizoaceae. His story started with a reference to a much earlier paper by Vierhapper (1919) that suggested that these two families were disjuncts. Both are succulents, with Aizoaceae predominantly South African in distribution, whereas Cactaceae is predominantly New World. As emphasized by Turner, Vierhapper’s suggestion was remarkably prescient considering that plate tectonic theory lay well in the future and, in line with our concerns in this review, nothing was yet known about the unusual secondary chemistry that links these families and ties them together with others in Caryophyllalles (Centrospermae) (Wohlpart and Mabry, 1968). The chemistry to which we refer here, of course, is the presence of betacyanins (betalains is the more general term) as fl oral pigments in place of the more common anthocyanins. Figure 4.5 illustrates the two compound types, with betanin [312] representing the betacyanins and cyanidin [313] representing the typical anthocyanins. Fig. 4.5 Compounds 312 and 313, typical betacyanin and anthocyanin, respectively. Compounds 314 and 315 from Trachylobium
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The Geography of Phytochemical Race
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Dr. Bruce A. Bohm 3685 West 15th Av
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Acknowledgments I thank many worker
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x Abstract which biosynthetic step
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xii Zusammenfassung Leider wurden n
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xiv Contents 2.3.11 Thymus (Lamiace
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xvi Contents 4 Intercontinental Dis
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xviii Contents 6.8 Kerguelen Island
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2 1 Introduction It is useful to me
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Chapter 3 After the Ice According t
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3.1 North America 127 Fig. 3.1 Comp
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230 5 Wide Disjunctions Table 5.2 A
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246 6 Oceanic Islands Fig. 6.1 Loca
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254 6 Oceanic Islands Compound Chem
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256 6 Oceanic Islands been cytogene
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260 6 Oceanic Islands compounds wit
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264 6 Oceanic Islands Fig. 6.8 Map
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266 6 Oceanic Islands (formerly the
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268 6 Oceanic Islands It is not pos
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272 6 Oceanic Islands A single popu
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274 6 Oceanic Islands Fig. 6.11 Map
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280 6 Oceanic Islands Fuerteventura
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286 7 Polar Disjunctions and variet
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288 7 Polar Disjunctions Fig. 7.2 C
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290 7 Polar Disjunctions Fig. 7.3 C
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292 7 Polar Disjunctions (1978), an
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294 7 Polar Disjunctions Table 7.1
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296 7 Polar Disjunctions occurs thr
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Chapter 8 Conclusions Some years ag
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302 Bibliography Amico, V., Caccame
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304 Bibliography Bennett, K. D. 199
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306 Bibliography Caccamese, S., R.
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308 Bibliography ———, Hussain
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310 Bibliography Del Pero Martinez,
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312 Bibliography ——— 1987. A
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314 Bibliography ———. 1878. F
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316 Bibliography Herz, W. and Kumar
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318 Bibliography Jutila, H. M. 1996
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320 Bibliography Levin, D. A. 1976.
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322 Bibliography Masuda, M., Abe, T
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324 Bibliography ———. 1966. A
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326 Bibliography Prus-Glowacki, W.
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328 Bibliography Sanders, R. W. 197
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330 Bibliography ———, Morgan,
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332 Bibliography Takhajan, A. 1969.
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334 Bibliography von Rudloff, E. 19
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336 Bibliography ———, Koenig,
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Plant Family Index Algae Codiaceae,
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Plant Genus Index Algae Chondrococc
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Plant Genus Index 343 Bryophytes (l
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346 Subject Index Cyanogenesis, gen
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348 Subject Index Romania, 36 Rooib
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The Geography of Phytochemical Races

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