The Geography of Phytochemical Races

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xvi Contents 4 Intercontinental Disjunctions..................................................................... 173 4.1 Across the Atlantic Ocean .....................................................................173 4.1.1 Datiscaceae ................................................................................173 4.1.2 Armeria maritima (Plumbaginaceae) ........................................174 4.1.3 Cakile (Brassicaceae) ................................................................176 4.1.4 Cypripedium calceolus (Orchidaceae) ......................................179 4.1.5 Ephedra (Ephedraceae) .............................................................180 4.1.6 Cactaceae and Aizoaceae ..........................................................181 4.2 Across the Indian Ocean (Primarily) .....................................................182 4.2.1 Hymenaea verrucosa (Fabaceae) ..............................................182 4.2.2 Restionaceae ..............................................................................183 4.2.3 Villarsia (Menyanthaceae) ........................................................187 4.2.4 Icacinaceae ................................................................................188 4.3 North Pacific .........................................................................................190 4.3.1 Glehnia (Apiaceae) ...................................................................191 4.3.2 Agastache (Lamiaceae) .............................................................192 4.3.3 Cladothamneae (Ericaceae) .......................................................193 4.3.4 Tiarella (Saxifragaceae) ............................................................194 4.3.5 Chrysosplenium (Saxifragaceae) ...............................................195 4.3.6 Iris setosa (Iridaceae) ................................................................197 4.3.7 Humulus lupulus (Cannabaceae) ...............................................198 4.4 South Pacific .........................................................................................199 4.4.1 Eucryphia (Eucryphiaceae) .......................................................199 4.4.2 Blennospermatinae (Asteraceae) ...............................................202 4.4.3 Alexa and Castanospermum (Fabaceae) ...................................203 4.4.4 Scoparia (Scrophulariaceae) .....................................................205 4.4.5 Fuchsia (Onagraceae) ...............................................................205 4.4.6 Nothofagus (Nothofagaceae) .....................................................208 4.5 Western Pacific: Eastern Asia, Japan, and the Philippines ....................210 4.5.1 Euchresta (Fabaceae) ................................................................210 4.5.2 Heterotropa ( = Asarum)(Aristolochiaceae) ..............................212 4.5.3 Rhododendron (Ericaceae) ........................................................214 4.5.4 Gesneriaceae .............................................................................215 5 Wide Disjunctions ....................................................................................... 217 5.1 Vascular Plants ......................................................................................217 5.1.1 Coriariaceae...............................................................................217 5.1.2 Gentianaceae .............................................................................217 5.1.3 Hordeum (Poaceae) ...................................................................219 5.1.4 Pteridium aquilinum sens. lat. (Pteridaceae).............................219 5.2 Nonvascular Plants ................................................................................221 5.2.1 Pseudevernia furfuracea (Parmeliaceae) ..................................221 5.2.2 Rhizoplaca melanophthalma (Lecanoraceae) ...........................221 5.2.3 Thamnolia vermicularis (Icmadophilaceae) .............................223 5.2.4 Lobaria pulmonaria (Stictaceae) ..............................................223
Contents xvii 5.2.5 Bazzania trilobata (Lepidoziaceae) ..........................................223 5.2.6 Conocephalum conicum (Conocephalaceae) ............................225 5.2.7 Adelanthus decipiens (Adelanthaceae) .....................................228 5.2.8 Plagiochila (Plagiochilaceae) ...................................................229 5.2.9 Marchantia (Marchantiaceae) ...................................................231 5.2.10 Mastigophora diclados (Mastigopharaceae) .............................232 5.2.11 Makinoa crispata (Makinoaceae) ..............................................233 5.2.12 Brown Algae..............................................................................233 5.2.13 Cystoseira amentacea (Cystoseiraceae) ....................................234 5.2.14 Plocamium (Plocamiaceae) .......................................................235 5.2.15 Portieria hornemanii (Rhodophyllidaceae) ..............................239 5.2.16 Laurencia (Rhodomelaceae) .....................................................240 5.2.17 Codium (Codiaceae) ..................................................................244 6 Oceanic Islands ........................................................................................... 245 6.1 The Galapagos Islands ..........................................................................245 6.1.1 Cyanogenic Plants .....................................................................246 6.1.2 Lycopersicon cheesmanii (Solanaceae) .....................................248 6.1.3 Scalesia (Asteraceae) ................................................................249 6.2 The Hawaiian Islands ............................................................................249 6.2.1 Bidens (Asteraceae) ...................................................................251 6.2.2 Cyperus rotundus (Cyperaceae) ................................................253 6.2.3 Hesperomannia (Asteraceae) ....................................................254 6.2.4 Metrosideros (Myrtaceae) .........................................................255 6.2.5 Silversword alliance (Asteraceae) .............................................255 6.2.6 Vaccinium (Ericaceae) ...............................................................257 6.2.7 Zanthoxylum ..............................................................................257 6.3 Southern Pacific ....................................................................................259 6.3.1 Piper methysticum (Piperaceae) ................................................259 6.3.2 Degeneria (Degeneriaceae) .......................................................262 6.4 Juan Fernandez Islands .........................................................................263 6.4.1 Dendroseris (Asteraceae) ..........................................................264 6.4.2 Robinsonia (Asteraceae) ...........................................................265 6.4.3 Erigeron (Asteraceae) ...............................................................266 6.4.4 Gunnera (Gunneraceae) ............................................................268 6.4.5 Peperomia (Piperaceae) ............................................................271 6.4.6 Sophora (Fabaceae) ...................................................................272 6.5 Lord Howe Island ..................................................................................273 6.5.1 Carmichaelia (Fabaceae) ..........................................................273 6.6 Ullung Island, Korea .............................................................................275 6.6.1 Acer (Sapindaceae)....................................................................275 6.6.2 Cotoneaster wilsonii (Rosaceae) ...............................................275 6.7 Tristan da Cunha and the Falklands ......................................................276 6.7.1 Empetrum (Empetraceae) ..........................................................276
Page 2 and 3: The Geography of Phytochemical Race
Page 4 and 5: Dr. Bruce A. Bohm 3685 West 15th Av
Page 6 and 7: Acknowledgments I thank many worker
Page 8 and 9: x Abstract which biosynthetic step
Page 10 and 11: xii Zusammenfassung Leider wurden n
Page 12 and 13: xiv Contents 2.3.11 Thymus (Lamiace
Page 16 and 17: xviii Contents 6.8 Kerguelen Island
Page 18 and 19: 2 1 Introduction It is useful to me
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120 2 Examples Within Continents 2.
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Chapter 3 After the Ice According t
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3.1 North America 127 Fig. 3.1 Comp
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3.1 North America 129 7-O-glucoside
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3.1 North America 131 been found to
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3.1 North America 133 structural ty
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3.1 North America 135 Two species c
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3.1 North America 137 3.1.5 Thuja p
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3.1 North America 139 allele freque
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3.2 North American Conifers 141 fro
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3.2 North American Conifers 143 hom
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3.2 North American Conifers 145 Fig
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3.2 North American Conifers 147 cam
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3.2 North American Conifers 149 hig
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3.2 North American Conifers 151 dis
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3.2 North American Conifers 153 Fig
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3.2 North American Conifers 155 agr
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3.2 North American Conifers 157 Tab
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3.2 North American Conifers 159 Fol
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3.2 North American Conifers 161 sim
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3.3 Europe 163 Fig. 3.11 Compounds
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3.3 Europe 165 levels of 3-carene i
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3.4 South America 167 historic time
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3.4 South America 169 Fig. 3.13 Com
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3.4 South America 171 Mediterranean
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174 4 Intercontinental Disjunctions
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222 5 Wide Disjunctions Fig. 5.3 Co
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226 5 Wide Disjunctions differences
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230 5 Wide Disjunctions Table 5.2 A
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234 5 Wide Disjunctions Southern He
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238 5 Wide Disjunctions Table 5.4 O
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240 5 Wide Disjunctions Fig. 5.12 C
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242 5 Wide Disjunctions comparable
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244 5 Wide Disjunctions J. Agardh f
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246 6 Oceanic Islands Fig. 6.1 Loca
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248 6 Oceanic Islands Fig. 6.2 Comp
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250 6 Oceanic Islands levels of spe
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254 6 Oceanic Islands Compound Chem
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256 6 Oceanic Islands been cytogene
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260 6 Oceanic Islands compounds wit
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262 6 Oceanic Islands preparation o
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264 6 Oceanic Islands Fig. 6.8 Map
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266 6 Oceanic Islands (formerly the
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268 6 Oceanic Islands It is not pos
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272 6 Oceanic Islands A single popu
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274 6 Oceanic Islands Fig. 6.11 Map
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276 6 Oceanic Islands primarily of
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280 6 Oceanic Islands Fuerteventura
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282 6 Oceanic Islands tetraploid Me
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286 7 Polar Disjunctions and variet
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288 7 Polar Disjunctions Fig. 7.2 C
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290 7 Polar Disjunctions Fig. 7.3 C
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292 7 Polar Disjunctions (1978), an
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294 7 Polar Disjunctions Table 7.1
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296 7 Polar Disjunctions occurs thr
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Chapter 8 Conclusions Some years ag
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302 Bibliography Amico, V., Caccame
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304 Bibliography Bennett, K. D. 199
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306 Bibliography Caccamese, S., R.
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308 Bibliography ———, Hussain
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310 Bibliography Del Pero Martinez,
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312 Bibliography ——— 1987. A
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314 Bibliography ———. 1878. F
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316 Bibliography Herz, W. and Kumar
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318 Bibliography Jutila, H. M. 1996
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320 Bibliography Levin, D. A. 1976.
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322 Bibliography Masuda, M., Abe, T
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324 Bibliography ———. 1966. A
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326 Bibliography Prus-Glowacki, W.
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328 Bibliography Sanders, R. W. 197
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330 Bibliography ———, Morgan,
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332 Bibliography Takhajan, A. 1969.
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334 Bibliography von Rudloff, E. 19
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336 Bibliography ———, Koenig,
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Plant Family Index Algae Codiaceae,
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Plant Genus Index Algae Chondrococc
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Plant Genus Index 343 Bryophytes (l
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346 Subject Index Cyanogenesis, gen
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348 Subject Index Romania, 36 Rooib
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The Geography of Phytochemical Races

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