[100 *‡Philosophy, parapsychology and occultism, psychology

100 Philosophy,[parapsychology[and[occultism,[psychology 100 

[100 

[100 *‡Philosophy, parapsychology and occultism, 

psychology 

100 Philosophy,[parapsychology[and[occultism,[psychology 100 DeweyiDecimaliClassification 100 

Works that discuss the discipline of philosophy itself; works that discuss several 

of philosophy’s major questions and branches; comprehensive works on 

philosophy broad enough to include nonwestern or medieval as well as modern 

western philosophy are classed in 100 itself or 101–109 

Class comprehensive works on Christian philosophy, on modern philosophy, on 

western philosophy, on modern western philosophy, on European philosophy in 

190. Class philosophy of a specific discipline or subject with the discipline or 

subject, plus notation 01 from Table 1, e.g., philosophy of history 901 

See Manual at T1—01; also at 200 vs. 100 

100 Philosophy & psychology 

101 Theory of philosophy 

102 Miscellany 

103 Dictionaries & encyclopedias 

104 [Unassigned] 

105 Serial publications 

106 Organizations & management 

107 Education, research & related topics 

108 Kinds of persons treatment 

109 Historical & collected persons treatment 

110 Metaphysics 

111 Ontology 


113 Cosmology 

114 Space 

115 Time 

116 Change 

117 Structure 

118 Force & energy 

119 Number & quantity 

120 Epistemology, causation & humankind 

121 Epistemology 

122 Causation 

123 Determinism & indeterminism 

124 Teleology 


126 The self 

127 The unconscious & the subconscious 

128 Humankind 

129 Origin & destiny of individual souls

100 DeweyiDecimaliClassification 100 

130 Parapsychology & occultism 

131 Parapsychological & occult methods 


133 Specific topics in parapsychology & occultism 


135 Dreams & mysteries 


137 Divinatory graphology 

138 Physiognomy 

139 Phrenology 

140 Specific philosophical schools 

141 Idealism & related systems 

142 Critical philosophy 

143 Bergsonism & intuitionism 

144 Humanism & related systems 

145 Sensationalism 

146 Naturalism & related systems 

147 Pantheism & related systems 

148 Eclecticism, liberalism & traditionalism 

149 Other philosophical systems 

150 Psychology 


152 Perception, movement, emotions & drives 

153 Mental processes & intelligence 

154 Subconscious & altered states 

155 Differential & developmental psychology 

156 Comparative psychology 


158 Applied psychology 


160 Logic 

161 Induction 

162 Deduction 



165 Fallacies & sources of error 

166 Syllogisms 

167 Hypotheses 

168 Argument & persuasion 

169 Analogy 

170 Ethics 

171 Ethical systems 

172 Political ethics 

173 Ethics of family relationships 

174 Occupational ethics 

175 Ethics of recreation & leisure 

176 Ethics of sex & reproduction 

177 Ethics of social relations 

178 Ethics of consumption 

179 Other ethical norms 

2

100 Philosophy,[parapsychology[and[occultism,[psychology 100 

180 Ancient, medieval & eastern philosophy 

181 Eastern philosophy 

182 Pre-Socratic Greek philosophies 

183 Socratic & related philosophies 

184 Platonic philosophy 

185 Aristotelian philosophy 

186 Skeptic & Neoplatonic philosophies 

187 Epicurean philosophy 

188 Stoic philosophy 

189 Medieval western philosophy 

190 Modern western philosophy 

191 Philosophy of United States & Canada 

192 Philosophy of British Isles 

193 Philosophy of Germany & Austria 

194 Philosophy of France 

195 Philosophy of Italy 

196 Philosophy of Spain & Portugal 

197 Philosophy of former Soviet Union 

198 Philosophy of Scandinavia 

199 Philosophy in other geographic areas @ESS Invisible Left = 100 DeweyiDecimaliClassification 100 Philosophy,[parapsychology[and[occultism,[psychology 100 

100 

SUMMARY 

[101–109 Standard subdivisions of philosophy 

[110 Metaphysics 

[111 Ontology 

[113 Cosmology (Philosophy of nature) 

[114 Space 

[115 Time 

[116 Change 

[117 Structure 

[118 Force and energy 

[119 Number and quantity 

[120 Epistemology, causation, humankind 

[121 Epistemology (Theory of knowledge) 

[122 Causation 

[123 Determinism and indeterminism 

[124 Teleology 

[126 The self 

[127 The unconscious and the subconscious 

[128 Humankind 

[129 Origin and destiny of individual souls 

[130 Parapsychology and occultism 

[131 Parapsychological and occult methods for achieving well-being, happiness, 

success 

[133 Specific topics in parapsychology and occultism 

[135 Dreams and mysteries 

[137 Divinatory graphology 

[138 Physiognomy 

[139 Phrenology 

3

100 DeweyiDecimaliClassification 100 

[140 Specific philosophical schools and viewpoints 

[141 Idealism and related systems and doctrines 

[142 Critical philosophy 

[143 Bergsonism and intuitionism 

[144 Humanism and related systems and doctrines 

[145 Sensationalism 

[146 Naturalism and related systems and doctrines 

[147 Pantheism and related systems and doctrines 

[148 Dogmatism, eclecticism, liberalism, syncretism, traditionalism 

[149 Other philosophical systems and doctrines 

[150 Psychology 

[.1–.9 Standard subdivisions and systems, schools, viewpoints 

[152 Sensory perception, movement, emotions, physiological drives 

[153 Conscious mental processes and intelligence 

[154 Subconscious and altered states and processes 

[155 Differential and developmental psychology 

[156 Comparative psychology 

[158 Applied psychology 

[160 Logic 

[161 Induction 

[162 Deduction 

[165 Fallacies and sources of error 

[166 Syllogisms 

[167 Hypotheses 

[168 Argument and persuasion 

[169 Analogy 

[170 Ethics (Moral philosophy) 

[.1–.9 Standard subdivisions and special topics 

[171 Ethical systems 

[172 Political ethics 

[173 Ethics of family relationships 

[174 Occupational ethics 

[175 Ethics of recreation, leisure, public performances, communication 

[176 Ethics of sex and reproduction 

[177 Ethics of social relations 

[178 Ethics of consumption 

[179 Other ethical norms 

[180 Ancient, medieval, eastern philosophy 

[.01–.09 Standard subdivisions of ancient, medieval, eastern philosophy 

[.1–.9 Standard subdivisions of ancient philosophy 

[181 Eastern philosophy 

[182 Pre-Socratic Greek philosophies 

[183 Sophistic, Socratic, related Greek philosophies 

[184 Platonic philosophy 

[185 Aristotelian philosophy 

[186 Skeptic and Neoplatonic philosophies 

[187 Epicurean philosophy 

[188 Stoic philosophy 

[189 Medieval western philosophy 

4

101 Philosophy,[parapsychology[and[occultism,[psychology 101 

[190 Modern western and other noneastern philosophy 

[191 Philosophy of United States and Canada 

[192 Philosophy of British Isles 

[193 Philosophy of Germany and Austria 

[194 Philosophy of France 

[195 Philosophy of Italy 

[196 Philosophy of Spain and Portugal 

[197 Philosophy of Russia 

[198 Philosophy of Scandinavia and Finland 

[199 Philosophy in other geographic areas 101 

[101 *‡Theory of philosophy 

101 Philosophy,[parapsychology[and[occultism,[psychology DeweyiDecimaliClassification 101 

Class here works on the concept of philosophy, on the nature of the philosophical 

task, on the method of philosophy 

Class schools of philosophical thought in 140; class ancient, medieval, eastern 

schools in 180 102 

[102 *‡Miscellany of philosophy 

[103 *‡Dictionaries, encyclopedias, concordances of philosophy 

[104] *‡[Unassigned] 

Most recently used in Edition 16 105 

[105 *‡Serial publications of philosophy 

[106 *‡Organizations and management of philosophy 

[107 *‡Education, research, related topics of philosophy 

[108 *‡Groups of people 

[109 *‡History and collected biography 

Do not use for geographic treatment; class in 180–190 

Not limited by period or place 109 

[.2 *‡Biography 

Do not use for individual people; class in 180–190 109 

[.22] *‡Collected biography 

[110 *‡Metaphysics 

[111 *‡Ontology 

Do not use; class in 109.2 110 

For epistemology, causation, humankind, see 120 111 

[.1 *‡Existence, essence, substance, accidents 111 

[.2 *‡Universals 

5 


103 Philosophy,[parapsychology[and[occultism,[psychology 103 DeweyiDecimaliClassification 103 








DeweyiDecimaliClassification 110 Metaphysics 110 


111 DeweyiDecimaliClassification 111 Metaphysics 111 

DeweyiDecimaliClassification 111 Metaphysics 111

111 DeweyiDecimaliClassification 111 

[.5 *‡Nonbeing, nothingness 111 

[.6 *‡Finite and infinite 

Including the absolute 111 

[.8 *‡Properties of being 

[.82 *‡Unity 

Class comprehensive works on truth in 121 111 

[.84 *‡Good and evil 

[.85 *‡Beauty 


Including identity, part-whole relationships 

See also 126 for personal identity 111 

For ethics, see 170 111 

Class here interdisciplinary works on aesthetics 

For aesthetics of a specific subject, see the subject, e.g., of the fine arts 

701.17 


[113 *‡Cosmology (Philosophy of nature) 

Including cosmic harmony, origin of universe (cosmogony) 

Class cosmology as a topic in astronomy in 523.1 

For specific topics of cosmology not provided for here, see 114–119 113 

[.8 *‡Philosophy of life 

[114 *‡Space 

[115 *‡Time 

[116 *‡Change 

Origin and nature of life 

Class origin and nature of human life in 128 114 

Class here relation of space and matter 

Class matter in 117 115 

Including eternity, space and time, space-time, relation of time and motion 

For space, see 114 116 

Including becoming, cycles, evolution, motion, process 

Class relation of time and motion in 115 

6 











DeweyiDecimaliClassification 116 Metaphysics 116

117 Metaphysics 117 

[117 *‡Structure 

Including matter, form, order, chaos 

Class relation of space and matter in 114 118 

[118 *‡Force and energy 

Standard subdivisions are added for either or both topics in heading 119 

[119 *‡Number and quantity 

[120 *‡Epistemology, causation, humankind 120 

SUMMARY 

[121 Epistemology (Theory of knowledge) 

[122 Causation 

[123 Determinism and indeterminism 

[124 Teleology 

[126 The self 

[127 The unconscious and the subconscious 

[128 Humankind 

[129 Origin and destiny of individual souls 121 

[121 *‡Epistemology (Theory of knowledge) 

Class here coherence, correspondence theories of truth; comprehensive works on 

truth 

Class knowledge and its extension in 001 




120 Epistemology,[causation,[humankind 120 DeweyiDecimaliClassification 120 

120 Epistemology,[causation,[humankind DeweyiDecimaliClassification 120 


For truth as a classical property of being, see 111.8; for truth in logic, see 160 


[.2 *‡Possibility and limits of knowledge 

Standard subdivisions are added for either or both topics in heading 

Including solipsism and problem of other minds 121 

[.3 *‡Origin, sources, means of knowledge 

[.34 *‡Perception 

[.35 *‡Sensation 

Standard subdivisions are added for any or all topics in heading 

Including intuition, reason 

Class reason as a human attribute in 128.33 121 

For sensation, see 121.35 121 

Including vision 

Class here sense knowledge 

7 



121 Epistemology,[causation,[humankind DeweyiDecimaliClassification 121


[.4 *‡Structure of knowledge 

Subjective and objective components 

Including concepts, ideas 121 

[.5 *‡Doubt and denial 




Class comprehensive works on doubt, denial, certainty, probability in 121.63 


[.6 *‡Nature of inquiry 

Including belief 

Class faith in 121.7 121 

[.63 *‡Certainty and probability 


Class here comprehensive works on doubt, denial, certainty, probability 

For doubt and denial, see 121.5 121 

[.65 *‡Evidence and criteria 


[.68 *‡Meaning, interpretation, hermeneutics 

Including reference, semantics, semiotics 

Class here philosophy of language 

Class interdisciplinary works on semiotics in 302.2 

See also 149.94 for general semantics as a school of linguistic 

philosophy; also 401.41 for semiotics in linguistics; also 401.43 for 

semantics in linguistics 

See Manual at 401 vs. 121.68, 149.94, 410.1 121 

[.686 *‡Philosophical hermeneutics 121 

[.7 *‡Faith 

Class belief in 121.6; class religious faith in 200 121 

[.8 *‡Worth and theory of values (Axiology) 

[122 *‡Causation 


Class ethical values in 170 122 

Class here chance versus cause 

For determinism and indeterminism, see 123; for teleology, see 124 

8 








123 Epistemology,[causation,[humankind 123 

[123 *‡Determinism and indeterminism 

[.3 *‡Chance 

[.5 *‡Freedom 

[.7 *‡Necessity 124 

[124 *‡Teleology 


Including contingency 123 

Class chance versus cause in 122 123 

Including free will 123 

Class here final cause 


[126 *‡The self 


Limited to topics named below 

Class here consciousness of self as person, person identity, personality, 

personhood 

Class the unconscious and the subconscious in 127; class comprehensive works 

on consciousness in 128.2 

See also 111.82 for identity 127 

[127 *‡The unconscious and the subconscious 

[128 *‡Humankind 

[.1 *‡Soul 

[.2 *‡Mind 


Class here philosophical anthropology; comprehensive works on philosophy of 

human life, on philosophy and psychology of human life 

For the self, see 126; for psychology, see 150 

See also 599.9 for physical anthropology 128 

For origin and destiny of individual souls, see 129 128 

Including intentionality, mind-body relationship 

Class here comprehensive works on consciousness 

For consciousness of self as person, see 126 

9 












[.3 *‡Attributes and faculties 


Including imagination, intellect, memory, will 

For perception, see 121.34; for sensation, see 121.35; for free will, see 

123.5 128 

[.33 *‡Reason and rationality 

[.37 *‡Emotion 


Class reason as an instrument of knowledge in 121.3 

For science of reasoning (logic), see 160 

See also 149.7 for rationalism 128 

Class love in 128.46 128 

[.4 *‡Human action and experience 

[.46 *‡Love 


Nature, conditions, origin 

[.5 *‡Human death 

[.6 *‡Body 129 

Class here comprehensive works on philosophical counseling 





For collections of texts for philosophical counseling clients on a specific 

subject, see the subject, e.g., a general collection of philosophical texts for 

philosophical counseling clients 100; for philosophical counseling focusing 

on specific issues or types of issues, see the issue or type of issue, e.g., 

philosophical counseling focusing on ethics issues 170 128 

For ethics of love, see 177.7 128 

Class interdisciplinary works on death in 306.9 128 

[129 *‡Origin and destiny of individual souls 

Including immortality, incarnation, reincarnation, transmigration 

Class personal accounts of previous incarnations in 133.90135; class 

interdisciplinary works on reincarnation in 202.37 

10 





130 Parapsychology[and[occultism 130 

[130 *‡Parapsychology and occultism 


Class here paranormal phenomena, frauds in occultism 

Class phenomena of religious experience in 200; class interdisciplinary works on 

controversial knowledge and paranormal phenomena in 001.9 

See Manual at 001.9 and 130; also at 130 vs. 200 130 

SUMMARY 

130 Parapsychology[and[occultism DeweyiDecimaliClassification 130 


[131 Parapsychological and occult methods for achieving well-being, happiness, success 

[133 Specific topics in parapsychology and occultism 

[135 Dreams and mysteries 

[137 Divinatory graphology 

[138 Physiognomy 

[139 Phrenology 130 

[.112 *‡Forecasting and forecasts 

Do not use for comprehensive works on parapsychological and occult 

forecasting and forecasts; class in 133.3 

Class a specific type of forecasting or forecast with the type, without 

adding notation 0112 from Table 1, e.g., astrological methods of 

forecasting 133.5 131 

[131 *‡Parapsychological and occult methods for achieving 

well-being, happiness, success 



Class interdisciplinary works limited to psychological and parapsychological or 

occult techniques for achieving personal well-being, happiness, success in 158; 

class interdisciplinary works on successful living, on management of personal 

and family living in 646.7. Class a specific method of parapsychology and 

occultism for achieving well-being with the method in 133–139, e.g., spells and 

charms 133.44 


[133 *‡Specific topics in parapsychology and occultism 

Use of this number for comprehensive works on parapsychology and occultism 

discontinued; class in 130 




For parapsychological and occult methods of achieving well-being, happiness, 

success, see 131; for Rosicrucianism, Hermeticism, cabala, see 135.4 

11


SUMMARY 

[133.1 Apparitions 

[.2 Parapsychological and occult aspects of specific things 

[.3 Divinatory arts 

[.4 Demonology and witchcraft 

[.5 Astrology 

[.6 Palmistry 

[.8 Psychic phenomena 

[.9 Spiritualism 133 

[.01–.09] *‡Standard subdivisions 

[.1 *‡Apparitions 

Do not use; class in 130.1–130.9 133 

Class here ghosts 




Class folkloristic ghost stories in 398.25; class ghosts as a subject of folklore in 

398.47; class literary accounts of ghosts in 808.80375; class interdisciplinary 

works on spirits (discarnate beings) in 133.9 133 

[.109 *‡History, geographic treatment, biography 

[.12 *‡Haunted places 133 


Class here works that treat two or more haunted places during a specific 

historical period or in a specific geographic area, e.g., haunted places in 

Cornwall 133.1094237 

For specific haunted places, see 133.129 133 

[.120 9] *‡History, geographic treatment, biography 


[.122 *‡Specific types of haunted places 

Including haunted churches, forests, graveyards, houses 

Class specific haunted places regardless of type in 133.129 133 

[.129 *‡Specific haunted places 

Limited to works that treat only one single haunted place 

Add to base number 133.129 notation 3–9 from Table 2, e.g., the 

Tower of London 133.1294215, old Monterey’s Hotel del Monte 

133.1297947 

Class works that treat two or more haunted places during a specific 

historical period or in a specific geographic area in 133.109 133 

[.14 *‡Specific kinds of apparitions 

[.142 *‡Poltergeists 

Including animal ghosts, hobgoblins, phantasms of the living 

Class haunted places regardless of kind of apparition in 133.12; class 

materialization of spirits as a mediumistic phenomenon in 133.92 133 

12 






133 Parapsychology[and[occultism DeweyiDecimaliClassification 133


[.2 *‡Parapsychological and occult aspects of specific things 

Specific things used for more than one purpose, in more than one branch of 

parapsychology and occultism 

[.25 *‡Natural things 

[.3 *‡Divinatory arts 


For a specific parapsychological or occult use of a specific thing, see the 

use in 131–139, e.g., fortune-telling by crystals 133.322, fortune-telling by 

cards 133.3242; for a specific thing in a specific branch of parapsychology 

and occultism, see the branch in 131–139, e.g., use of candles in witchcraft 

133.43028, astrological aspects of planets 133.53 

See also 001.94 for pyramid power; also 135.3 for parapsychological 

aspects of dreams 133 

Add to base number 133.25 the numbers following 5 in 500.2–599, e.g., 

occult use of crystals for multiple purposes, such as healing, personality 

analysis, fortune-telling 133.2548 133 

Including fortune-telling by bones, dice, pendulum 

Class here works on the symbolism of divinatory arts and objects, 

comprehensive works on divination as an aspect of parapsychology and 

religion, comprehensive works on occult methods of foretelling the future 

Class use of extrasensory perception for divination in 133.82–133.86; class 

interdisciplinary works on forecasting in 003.2 

[.309 2 *‡Biography 

For astrology, see 133.5; for palmistry, see 133.6; for dream books, see 

135.3; for divinatory graphology, see 137; for physiognomy, see 138; for 

divination as a religious practice, see 203.2 

See also 303.49 for social forecasting 133 

Class here persons known chiefly for their predictions rather than 

their methods of predicting, e.g., Nostradamus (Michel de 

Notredame) 133 

[.32 *‡Fortune-telling by crystals and stones; dowsing; fortune-telling by 

cards, tea leaves and coffee grounds, oracles and sibyls 133 

[.322 *‡Fortune-telling by crystals and stones 

[.323 *‡Dowsing 






Standard subdivisions are added for crystals and stones together, for 

crystals alone 133 Parapsychology[and[occultism DeweyiDecimaliClassification 133 

Location of living and inert substances through human sensitivity to 

latent radiation and use of divining rods, pendulums, other devices 

Class here radiesthesia 

13


> [133.3232–133.3237*‡Location of specific substances 

Class comprehensive works in 133.323 133 

[.323 2 *‡Location of water 133 

[.323 3 *‡Location of metals 133 

[.323 7 *‡Location of petroleum and gases 133 

[.324 *‡Fortune-telling by cards, tea leaves and coffee grounds, oracles and 

sibyls 133 

[.324 2 *‡Fortune-telling by cards (Cartomancy) 133 

[.324 24 *‡Fortune-telling by tarot 133 

[.324 4 *‡Fortune-telling by tea leaves and coffee grounds 











[.324 8 *‡Fortune-telling by oracles and sibyls 

[.33 *‡Symbolic divination 

[.333 *‡Geomancy 133 

[.333 7 *‡Feng shui 133 



Including divination with I Ching, names, runes 

For fortune-telling by cards, see 133.3242 133 

[.334 *‡Divinatory signs and omens 

[.335 *‡Numerology 133 


[.335 4 *‡Fortune-telling by numbers 

Including fortune-telling by birthdays 

See also 133.5 for astrology 133 

[.335 9 *‡Symbolism of specific numbers 133 

[.4 *‡Demonology and witchcraft 

Class here black arts 

For divinatory arts, see 133.3 

See also 299.675 for voodoo as a religion 

See Manual at 130 vs. 200 

14 









[.42 *‡Demonology 

See also 202.16 for religious beliefs about demons 

See Manual at 130 vs. 200 133 

[.422 *‡Satanism (Devil worship) 

[.423 *‡Evil spirits 

[.425 *‡The evil eye 133 

See also 299 for Satanism regarded as a religion 


[.426 *‡Demoniac possession 133 

[.427 *‡Exorcism of demons 133 

[.43 *‡Magic and witchcraft 

Including incubi, succubi, vampires, werewolves 133 


Class here magicians’ manuals, e.g., grimoire; witch hunting; 

interdisciplinary works on witchcraft 

For spells, curses, charms, see 133.44; for witchcraft as a religious 

practice, see 203.3; for religions based on modern revivals of 

witchcraft, see 299.94 


[.430 9 *‡History, geographic treatment, biography 

[.44 *‡Spells, curses, charms 

Class here history of witch crazes 133 

Including amulets, mascots, talismans 133 

[.442 *‡Love spells and charms 


[.443 *‡Good luck spells and charms 


[.446 *‡Therapeutic spells and charms 

[.5 *‡Astrology 


Class here works on the symbolism of astrology 133 

[.501 12] *‡Forecasting and forecasts 

Do not use; class in 133.5 

15 
















[.508 82 *‡Specific religious groups 

Do not use for types or schools of astrology originating in or 

associated with a specific religious group; class in 133.594 

Class here astrology in general with respect to specific religious 

groups 133 

[.508 9 *‡Specific ethnic and national groups 




associated with a specific ethnic or national group; class in 133.593 

Class here astrology in general with respect to specific ethnic and 

national groups 133 

[.509 *‡History, geographic treatment, biography 133 

[.509 3–.509 9 *‡Specific continents, countries, localities; extraterrestrial worlds 


associated with a specific area; class in 133.592 

Class here astrology in general in a specific area 133 

> [133.52–133.58*‡Specific aspects of western astrology 




Class specific aspects of nonwestern astrology in 133.59; class comprehensive 

works in 133.5 133 

[.52 *‡Signs of the zodiac 

Class planets in 133.53 133 

[.526 *‡First six signs 133 

[.526 2 *‡Aries 133 

[.526 3 *‡Taurus 133 

[.526 4 *‡Gemini 133 

[.526 5 *‡Cancer 133 

[.526 6 *‡Leo 133 

[.526 7 *‡Virgo 133 

[.527 *‡Second six signs 133 

[.527 2 *‡Libra 133 

[.527 3 *‡Scorpio 133 

[.527 4 *‡Sagittarius 133 

[.527 5 *‡Capricorn 133 

[.527 6 *‡Aquarius 133 

[.527 7 *‡Pisces 

16 

















[.53 *‡Planets, sun, moon 

Standard subdivisions are added for planets, sun, moon together; for 

planets alone 

Class here positions of planets 133 

[.530 4 *‡Special topics of planets, sun, moon 133 

[.530 42 *‡Houses 

[.530 44 *‡Aspects 133 

[.531 *‡Sun 133 

[.532 *‡Moon 133 

[.533 *‡Mercury 133 

[.534 *‡Venus 133 

[.535 *‡Mars 133 

[.536 *‡Jupiter 133 

[.537 *‡Saturn 133 

[.538 *‡Uranus 133 

Class houses in relation to the zodiac in 133.52 133 

[.539 *‡Trans-uranian planets, and asteroids 133 

[.539 1 *‡Neptune 133 

[.539 2 *‡Pluto 133 

[.539 8 *‡Asteroids 

[.54 *‡Horoscopes 

Including Chiron 133 

Class works that emphasize parts or aspects of horoscopes with the part or 

aspect, e.g., houses 133.53042; class horoscopes for persons associated 

with a particular part or aspect of the horoscope with the part or aspect, 

e.g., horoscopes for Gemini 133.5264 133 



[.540 4 *‡Special topics of horoscopes 133 

[.540 42 *‡Daily guides and birthday books 133 

[.542 *‡Casting horoscopes 133 

[.548 *‡Horoscopes of individuals 

Class horoscopes of individuals connected with specific topics in 

133.58 133 

[.55 *‡Astrological ephemerides 

17 

























[.56 *‡Horary astrology 133 

[.58 *‡Application of astrology to specific topics 



Add to base number 133.58 notation 001–999, e.g., medical astrology 

133.5861, astrological guides to dating 133.5864677, astrological analysis 

and prediction about the United States and its leaders 133.58973; however, 

do not add notation 0112 from Table 1 for forecasts and forecasting 133 

[.59 *‡Types or schools of astrology originating in or associated with a 

specific area; originating in or associated with a specific ethnic or 

national group; originating in or associated with a specific religion 

Class here nonwestern types or schools of astrology 

Unless other instructions are given, class a subject with aspects in two or 

more subdivisions of 133.59 in the number coming last, e.g., Hindu 

astrology in India 133.594450954 (not 133.59254) 133 


specific area 

Add to base number 133.592 notation 3–9 from Table 2, e.g., Chinese 

astrology 133.59251 133 


specific ethnic or national group 

Add to base number 133.593 notation 1–9 from Table 5, e.g., Aztec 

astrology 133.59397452 

Class types or schools of astrology originating in or associated with an 

ethnic or national group in areas where the group predominates in 

133.592 133 


specific religious group 

[.6 *‡Palmistry 133 

Add to base number 133.594 the numbers following 29 in 292–299, 

e.g., Hindu astrology 133.59445 133 


[.8 *‡Psychic phenomena 









Class here psi phenomena, psychic communication, psychic talents and gifts; 

comprehensive works treating extrasensory perception (ESP), spiritualism, and 

ghosts together 

Class comprehensive works on divination in 133.3 

For ghosts, see 133.1; for spiritualism, see 133.9 133 


Do not use; class in 133.8 

18 



> [133.82–133.86*‡Extrasensory perception 

[.82 *‡Telepathy 133 


Class extrasensory perception of animals in 133.89; class comprehensive works 

on extrasensory perception in 133.8 133 

[.84 *‡Clairvoyance 133 


[.85 *‡Clairaudience 133 



[.86 *‡Precognition 133 



[.88 *‡Psychokinesis 


For levitation as a mediumistic phenomenon, see 133.92 133 

[.89 *‡Animal magnetism, hypnosis, extrasensory perception of animals, aura 

[.892 *‡Aura 

[.9 *‡Spiritualism 

Class interdisciplinary works on animal magnetism in 154.72; class 

interdisciplinary works on hypnotism in 154.7 

For use of hypnosis for past-life recall, see 133.90135 133 

Including Kirlian photography of aura 

Class human aura when scientifically considered in 612.0142 

See also 778.3 for photographic aspects of Kirlian photography 133 

The phenomena and systems of ideas connected with belief in communication 

with spirits (discarnate beings) 

Class here communication with extraterrestrial spirits, necromancy, 

interdisciplinary works on spirits (discarnate beings) 

For ghosts, see 133.1 

See also 202.13 for spiritualism as a religious doctrine; also 289.9 for 

spiritualist Christian sects; also 292–299 for other spiritualist sects and 

religions 


[.901 *‡Philosophy and theory 

19 














[.901 3 *‡Personal survival, nature of spiritual world and life after death 

[.901 35 *‡Reincarnation 

[.91 *‡Mediumship 

Do not use for value; class in 133.901 

Class philosophical discussions of personal survival and life after 

death in 129 133 

Nature and practice 

Including use of hypnosis for past-life recall 

Class here personal recollections of previous incarnations, 

transmigrations 

Class interdisciplinary works on reincarnation in 202.37 133 

Class here channeling, psychic experiences of individual mediums 

For specific mediumistic phenomena, see 133.92 133 

[.92 *‡Specific mediumistic phenomena 

[.93 *‡Psychic messages 

Including ectoplasm, levitation, materialization and dematerialization, 

rapping, spirit photography, table tipping, transportation 

For psychic messages, see 133.93 133 






Method and content of communications purporting to come from discarnate 

entities 

Including psychic messages on specific nonreligious topics not provided 

for in 130–139, e.g., unidentified flying objects (UFOs) 

For psychic messages on religious subjects, see 200. For messages on a 

specific subject in paranormal phenomena, see the subject, e.g., 

messages concerning nature of spiritual world and life after death 

133.9013 133 

[.932 *‡Specific methods 

[.932 5 *‡Ouija board 133 

Including automatic writing and utterance; use of audiotapes 133 

[.95 *‡Astral projection (Out-of-body experience) 



[135 *‡Dreams and mysteries 

Class mysteries of magic and witchcraft in 133.43; class interdisciplinary works 

on mysteries in the sense of reported phenomena not explained, not fully verified 

in 001.94 

20 






[.3 *‡Dreams 

Including dream books 

Class interdisciplinary works on psychological and parapsychological aspects 

of dreams in 154.63 135 

[.4 *‡Rosicrucianism, Hermetism, cabala 

[.43 *‡Rosicrucianism 135 

[.45 *‡Hermetism 135 

[.47 *‡Cabala 


See also 133.32424 for tarot 135 

See also 296.16 for cabala in Judaism 


[137 *‡Divinatory graphology 

[138 *‡Physiognomy 

[139 *‡Phrenology 

Class interdisciplinary works on graphology and use of graphology in analyzing 

character in 155.282 138 

Class here comprehensive works on determination of character or divination from 

analysis of physical features 

For palmistry, see 133.6; for phrenology, see 139 139 

Determination of mental capacities from skull structures 140 

[140 *‡Specific philosophical schools and viewpoints 

Including the concept of ideology, of a world view, of a system of beliefs 









140 Specific[philosophical[schools[and[viewpoints DeweyiDecimaliClassification 140 

Class development, description, critical appraisal, collected writings, biography 

of individual philosophers regardless of viewpoint in 180–190; class 

comprehensive works on modern western and ancient, medieval, eastern 

viewpoints in 100; class comprehensive works on modern western viewpoints in 

190. Class a specific topic or branch of philosophy treated from a specific 

philosophical viewpoint with the topic or branch, e.g., existentialist ontology 111, 

realist epistemology 121; class ideologies concerning a specific discipline with 

the discipline, e.g., political ideologies 320.5 

For ancient, medieval, eastern schools, see 180 

See also 171 for systems and schools of ethics 

21


SUMMARY 

[141 Idealism and related systems and doctrines 

[142 Critical philosophy 

[143 Bergsonism and intuitionism 

[144 Humanism and related systems and doctrines 

[145 Sensationalism 

[146 Naturalism and related systems and doctrines 

[147 Pantheism and related systems and doctrines 

[148 Dogmatism, eclecticism, liberalism, syncretism, traditionalism 

[149 Other philosophical systems and doctrines 141 

[141 *‡Idealism and related systems and doctrines 

Standard subdivisions are added for idealism and related systems and doctrines 

together, for idealism alone 

Including panpsychism, spiritualism, subjectivism, voluntarism 141 

[.2 *‡Modern Platonism and Neoplatonism 


140 Specific[philosophical[schools[and[viewpoints 140 DeweyiDecimaliClassification 140 



Class comprehensive works on Platonism in 184; class comprehensive works 

on Neoplatonism in 186.4 141 

[.3 *‡Transcendentalism 141 

[.4 *‡Individualism 141 

[.5 *‡Personalism 141 

[.6 *‡Romanticism 142 

[142 *‡Critical philosophy 

Class critical realism in 149.2 142 

[.3 *‡Kantianism 

Class here Neo-Kantianism 142 

[.7 *‡Phenomenology 142 

[.78 *‡Existentialism 143 

[143 *‡Bergsonism and intuitionism 

[144 *‡Humanism and related systems and doctrines 











Standard subdivisions are added for humanism and related systems and doctrines 

together, for humanism alone 144 

[.3 *‡Pragmatism 144 

[.5 *‡Instrumentalism 144 

[.6 *‡Utilitarianism 

22 



144 Specific[philosophical[schools[and[viewpoints DeweyiDecimaliClassification 144

145 Specific[philosophical[schools[and[viewpoints 145 

[145 *‡Sensationalism 

Class here ideology as the system based on analysis of ideas into their sensory 

elements 

Class works that discuss ideology, not as a specific philosophical school, but as 

systems of beliefs in general in 140 146 

[146 *‡Naturalism and related systems and doctrines 



Standard subdivisions are added for naturalism and related systems and doctrines 

together, for naturalism alone 

Including dynamism, energism 146 

[.3 *‡Materialism 146 

[.32 *‡Dialectical materialism 



For dialectical materialism as a philosophical foundation of Marxism, 

see 335.4112 146 

[.4 *‡Positivism and related systems 

Standard subdivisions are added for positivism and related systems together, 

for positivism alone 

Variant name for positivism: comtism 

Class here comprehensive works on the analytical movement 

For linguistic analysis, see 149.94 146 

[.42 *‡Logical positivism (Logical empiricism) 146 

[.44 *‡Empiricism 146 

[.5 *‡Atomism 

[.6 *‡Mechanism 146 

Including logical atomism 146 

[.7 *‡Evolutionism and process philosophy 147 

[147 *‡Pantheism and related systems and doctrines 

[.3 *‡Monism 147 








Standard subdivisions are added for pantheism and related systems and doctrines 

together, for pantheism alone 

Including animism, occasionalism, panentheism, parallelism, vitalism 147 

[.4 *‡Dualism and pluralism 


[148 *‡Dogmatism, eclecticism, liberalism, syncretism, 

traditionalism 

23 





[149 *‡Other philosophical systems and doctrines 

Including constructivism, objectivism, relativism 149 

[.1 *‡Conceptualism and nominalism 

[.2 *‡Realism 

[.3 *‡Mysticism 

[.5 *‡Optimism 

[.6 *‡Pessimism 149 


Class here neorealism, critical realism 149 

Class occult mysticism in 130; class religious mysticism in 204.22 149 

Class here meliorism 149 

[.7 *‡Rationalism and related systems and doctrines 

[.72 *‡Agnosticism 149 

[.73 *‡Skepticism 149 

[.8 *‡Nihilism 

Standard subdivisions are added for rationalism and related systems and 

doctrines together, for rationalism alone 

Including innatism, intellectualism, nativism 149 

Class here fatalism 

For existentialism, see 142.78 149 

[.9 *‡Miscellaneous systems and doctrines 

Limited to systems and doctrines provided for below 149 



[.91 *‡Neo-Aristotelianism, neo-scholasticism, neo-Thomism 


Class ancient Aristotelianism in 185; class medieval scholasticism, 

medieval Thomism in 189.4 

24 














149 Specific[philosophical[schools[and[viewpoints 149 

[.94 *‡Linguistic philosophies 

[.96] *‡Structuralism 

Including ordinary language philosophy 


Class here general semantics as a school of linguistic philosophy (e.g., the 

school of Alfred Korzybski) 

Class semantics, semiotics as philosophical topics in 121.68; class 

comprehensive works on the analytical movement in 146.4 

See also 302.2 for interdisciplinary works on semiotics; also 401 for 

philosophy of language 

See Manual at 401 vs. 121.68, 149.94, 410.1 149 

Relocated to 149.97 149 

[.97 *‡Structuralism [formerly 149.96], poststructuralism, postmodernism 

[160 *‡Logic 

Class here deconstruction 



Class structuralism, poststructuralism, postmodernism in relation to a 

specific discipline with the discipline, e.g., in relation to literary criticism 

801.95 150 DeweyiDecimaliClassification 150 Psychology 150 

Science of reasoning 

[161 *‡Induction 

[162 *‡Deduction 

Including counterfactuals, negation, question, truth tables 

Class here modality, propositions 

Class psychology of reasoning and problem solving in 153.43; class symbolic 

(mathematical) logic in 511.3 161 

For hypotheses, see 167; for analogy, see 169 162 

For syllogisms, see 166 



Most recently used in Edition 16 


[165 *‡Fallacies and sources of error 


Including contradictions, fictions, paradoxes 

25 

156 160 DeweyiDecimaliClassification 160 Logic 156 160 

DeweyiDecimaliClassification 161 Logic 161 


DeweyiDecimaliClassification 165 Logic 165


[166 *‡Syllogisms 

[167 *‡Hypotheses 

[168 *‡Argument and persuasion 

[169 *‡Analogy 


[170 *‡Ethics (Moral philosophy) 

Class here conscience, good and evil; ethics of specific subjects and disciplines, 

interdisciplinary works on social ethics 

166 DeweyiDecimaliClassification 166 Logic 166 




170 DeweyiDecimaliClassification 170 Ethics 170 

For religious ethics, see 205; for social ethics as a method of social control, 

see 303.372. For ethics of a specific religion, see the religion, e.g., Christian 

ethics 241 170 DeweyiDecimaliClassification 170 Ethics 170 

SUMMARY 

[170.1–.9 Standard subdivisions and special topics 

[171 Ethical systems 

[172 Political ethics 

[173 Ethics of family relationships 

[174 Occupational ethics 

[175 Ethics of recreation, leisure, public performances, communication 

[176 Ethics of sex and reproduction 

[177 Ethics of social relations 

[178 Ethics of consumption 

[179 Other ethical norms 170 

[.4 *‡Special topics of ethics 170 

[.42 *‡Metaethics 

[.44 *‡Normative ethics 

Class here comprehensive works on moral realism, moral anti-realism 

Class bases for specific systems in 171 170 

For deontology, see 171.2; for virtue ethics, see 171.3; for 

consequentialism, utilitarianism, see 171.5 170 

[.440 8] *‡History and description with respect to kinds of persons 

[.8 *‡Groups of people 170 


[.88] *‡Occupational and religious groups 

DeweyiDecimaliClassification 170 Ethics 170 






Do not use for ethics of occupational groups; class in 174. Do not use for 

ethics of religious groups; class in 205 170 DeweyiDecimaliClassification 170 Ethics 170 

[.9 *‡History, geographic treatment, biography 

26

170 Ethics 170 

[.92 *‡Biography 

[171 *‡Ethical systems 

See Manual at 170.92 vs. 171 171 

Regardless of time or place 

Class comprehensive works on normative ethics in 170.44. Class a specific topic 

in ethics, regardless of the system within which it is treated, with the topic in 

172–179, e.g., professional ethics 174 

See Manual at 170.92 vs. 171 171 

[.1 *‡Systems based on authority 171 

[.2 *‡Systems based on intuition, moral sense, reason; on duty and rights 

[.3 *‡Perfectionism 

[.4 *‡Hedonism 

Including deontology (nonconsequentialism), empiricism, existentialism, 

humanism, natural law, naturalism, stoicism 

Class comprehensive works on moral realism in 170.42 

For systems and doctrines based on conscience, see 171.6 

See also 171.7 for systems based on biology, genetics, evolution; also 

340.112 for natural law in legal theory 171 

Systems based on self-realization, personal fulfillment, well-being 

Class here virtue ethics 

See also 179.9 for individual virtues, virtue in general 171 

Systems based on achievement of individual pleasure or happiness 171 

[.5 *‡Consequentialism and utilitarianism 


[.6 *‡Systems based on conscience 

Including casuistry 171 


[.7 *‡Systems based on biology, genetics, evolution, education, social factors 

Including communist ethics, relativism, situation ethics, sociobiological ethics 

See also 171.2 for systems based on natural law, naturalism 171 

[.8 *‡Systems based on altruism 

For utilitarianism, see 171.5 171 

[.9 *‡Systems based on egoism 

For hedonism, see 171.4 

27 










DeweyiDecimaliClassification 171 Ethics 171


> [172–179*‡Applied ethics 

[172 *‡Political ethics 

Class comprehensive works in 170 172 

[.1 *‡Relation of individuals to the state 

Including civic and political activity, military service, obedience to law, 

payment of taxes; civil war, resistance, revolution, terrorism 

See also 174.3 for jury ethics 172 

[.2 *‡Duties of the state 

Duties of government toward citizens, e.g., education, freedom, personal 

security, welfare; duties of public officeholders and officials 

Class here justice 172 

[.4 *‡International relations 

Including conduct of foreign affairs, disarmament, espionage 172 

[.42 *‡War and peace 


Including conscientious objection, just war theory, pacifism, ways and 

means of conducting warfare 

Class occupational ethics of military personnel in 174.9355 

For civil war, see 172.1 172 

[.422 *‡Nuclear weapons and nuclear war 

[173 *‡Ethics of family relationships 


Including ethics of marriage, divorce, separation, parent-child relationships, 

sibling relationships 

Class ethics of sex and reproduction in 176 174 

[174 *‡Occupational ethics 

[.1 *‡Clergy 174 

Class here professional ethics; ethics of work 










Occupational ethics for those involved in the recreation industry relocated to 175 


[.2 *‡Medical and health professions 

Class here comprehensive works on bioethics [formerly 174.957] 

Class medical ethics related to human reproduction in 176 

28 



[.22 *‡Hippocratic oath 174 

[.24] *‡Questions of life and death 


[.25] *‡Innovative procedures 


[.26 *‡Economic questions 

[.28 *‡Experimentation 

Including advertising, fee splitting 174 

Including embryo research 

Class here experimentation on human subjects 

Class embryo research relating to human reproduction in 176 

For experimentation on animals, see 179.4 174 

[.29 *‡Specific topics and branches of medicine and health 

[.3 *‡Legal ethics 

[.4 *‡Business ethics 

Class here innovative procedures [formerly 174.25] 


Add to base number 174.29 the numbers following 61 in 610–618, e.g., 

organ transplants 174.297954 [formerly 174.25], gene therapy 174.295895 

[formerly 174.25], nursing ethics 174.29073, pharmaceutical ethics 

174.2951, psychiatric ethics 174.29689; however, for experimentation on 

human subjects and comprehensive works on medical experimentation, see 

174.28; for human reproduction, see 176; for animal experimentation, see 

179.4; for questions of life and death, see 179.7 174 

Class here professional conduct of judges, lawyers; jury ethics 







See also 172.1 for ethics of relation of individuals to the state other than 

service on juries 174 DeweyiDecimaliClassification 174 Ethics 174 

Including industrial espionage 

Class here economic ethics, ethics of finance, manufacturing, marketing, trade; 

corporate social responsibility 174 

[.6 *‡Gambling business 

Including lottery management 

See also 175 for gambling 

29 



[.9 *‡Other professions and occupations 

Not provided for elsewhere 


Add to base number 174.9 notation 001–999, e.g., law enforcement ethics 

174.936323; however, bioethics relocated from 174.957 to 174.2; for ethics of 

public administration, public officeholders and officials, see 172.2 

Notation 001–999 replaces notation 09–99 from Table 7 with the result that 

many numbers have been reused with new meanings 175 

[175 *‡Ethics of recreation, leisure, public performances, 

communication 

Including ethics of dancing, gambling, music, television; fair play, 

sportsmanship; occupational ethics for those involved in the recreation industry 

[formerly 174] 

For ethics of hunting, see 179.3 176 

[176 *‡Ethics of sex and reproduction 

For abortion, see 179.76 176 

[.2 *‡Reproductive technology 

Including artificial insemination, embryo transfer, surrogate motherhood 

[.22 *‡Human cloning 

[.3 *‡Birth control 176 

[.4 *‡Sexual relations 

[.5 *‡Prostitution 176 

See also 174.28 for embryo research not for purpose of human 

reproduction 176 

Limited to use for human reproduction 176 

Including celibacy, chastity, premarital and extramarital relations, promiscuity 

See also 177.65 for ethics of courtship; also 177.7 for ethics of love 176 

[.7 *‡Obscenity and pornography 










For obscenity and pornography in literature, see 176.8; for obscenity in 

speech, see 179.5 176 DeweyiDecimaliClassification 176 Ethics 176 

[.8 *‡Obscenity and pornography in literature 


[177 *‡Ethics of social relations 

Limited to the topics provided for below 

30 



[.1 *‡Courtesy, hospitality, politeness 

Class etiquette in 395 177 

[.2 *‡Conversation 

Including gossip 177 

[.3 *‡Truthfulness, lying, slander, flattery 177 

[.4 *‡Personal appearance 

Including exposure of person, ostentatious dress 177 

[.5 *‡Discriminatory practices and slavery 


[.6 *‡Friendship and courtship 177 

[.62 *‡Friendship 177 

[.65 *‡Courtship 

[.7 *‡Love 

Class sexual ethics in courtship in 176 177 

Including benevolence, caring, charity, kindness, liberality, philanthropy 

[178 *‡Ethics of consumption 

See also 128.46 for love as human experience 178 

Including abstinence, gluttony, greed, overindulgence, temperance 

Class here use of natural resources, of wealth 

Class environmental and ecological ethics, respect for nature in 179.1; class 

consumption of meat in 179.3 178 

[.1 *‡Consumption of alcoholic beverages 178 

[.7 *‡Consumption of tobacco 178 

[.8 *‡Consumption of narcotics 179 

[179 *‡Other ethical norms 

Class here cruelty 179 


Do not use; class in 170 

31 

















[.1 *‡Respect for life and nature 


Class here environmental and ecological ethics 


For ethics of consumption, see 178; for treatment of animals, see 179.3; for 

respect for human life, see 179.7 179 

[.2 *‡Treatment of children 

For parent-child relationships, see 173 179 

[.3 *‡Treatment of animals 

Including ethics of hunting; vegetarianism 

For experimentation on animals, see 179.4 179 

[.4 *‡Experimentation on animals 

Including vivisection 179 

[.5 *‡Blasphemy, profanity, obscenity in speech 

Standard subdivisions are added for any or all topics in heading 179 

[.6 *‡Courage and cowardice 179 

[.7 *‡Respect and disrespect for human life 

[.76 *‡Abortion 179 


Including questions of life and death in medical ethics [formerly 174.24], 

capital punishment, dueling, euthanasia, genocide, homicide, suicide 

Class here comprehensive works on ethics of violence, of nonviolence 

Class ethics of contraception in 176; class comprehensive works on medical 

ethics in 174.2 

For ethics of violence, of nonviolence in political activity, see 172; for 

ethics of civil war, see 172.1; for ethics of war, see 172.42; for treatment of 

children, see 179.2 179 

[.8 *‡Vices, faults, failings 

Not otherwise provided for 

Including anger, cheating, covetousness, envy, hatred, jealousy, pride, 

procrastination, sloth 

32 










[.9 *‡Virtues 

Not otherwise provided for 

Including cheerfulness, gentleness, gratitude, honesty, humility, modesty, 

patience, prudence, respect, self-control, self-reliance, toleration 

Class here virtue 

See also 171.3 for virtue ethics as an ethical system 180 

> [180–190*‡History, geographic treatment, 

biography 

Class here development, description, critical appraisal, collected writings, 

biography of individual philosophers regardless of viewpoint 


180 Ancient,[medieval,[eastern[philosophy DeweyiDecimaliClassification 180 

Class comprehensive works on geographic treatment in 100; class 

comprehensive works on history in 109; class comprehensive works on 

collected biography in 109.2. Class critical appraisal of an individual 

philosopher’s thought on a specific topic with the topic, plus notation 092 from 

Table 1, e.g., critical appraisal of Kant’s theory of knowledge 121.092 

See Manual at 180–190 180 

[180 *‡Ancient, medieval, eastern philosophy 180 

SUMMARY 

[180.01–.09 Standard subdivisions of ancient, medieval, eastern philosophy 

[.1–.9 Standard subdivisions of ancient philosophy 

[181 Eastern philosophy 

[182 Pre-Socratic Greek philosophies 

[183 Sophistic, Socratic, related Greek philosophies 

[184 Platonic philosophy 

[185 Aristotelian philosophy 

[186 Skeptic and Neoplatonic philosophies 

[187 Epicurean philosophy 

[188 Stoic philosophy 

[189 Medieval western philosophy 180 

[.01–.09 *‡Standard subdivisions of ancient, medieval, eastern philosophy 180 

[.1–.8 *‡Standard subdivisions of ancient philosophy 180 

[.9 *‡History and geographic treatment of ancient philosophy 

Do not use for ancient eastern philosophy; class in 181 

Class specific schools of ancient western philosophy in 182–188 181 

[181 *‡Eastern philosophy 

Ancient, medieval, modern 181 

[.001–.008 *‡Standard subdivisions 

33 







181 Ancient,[medieval,[eastern[philosophy DeweyiDecimaliClassification 181


[.008 8 *‡Occupational and religious groups 

[.008 9] *‡Ethnic and national groups 

[.009 *‡History 

Do not use for religious groups; class in 181.04–181.09 181 


Do not use for geographic treatment; class in 181.1–181.9 181 

[.04–.09 *‡Philosophies based on specific religions 

Add to base number 181.0 the numbers following 29 in 294–299, e.g., 

Jewish philosophy 181.06, comprehensive works on Islamic philosophy 

181.07; however, for Confucian philosophy, see 181.112; for Taoist 

philosophy, see 181.114; for Hindu-Brahmanical philosophy, see 

181.41–181.48 

For Christian philosophy, see 190. For an individual Islamic 

philosopher associated with a specific area, see the area, e.g., Arabia 

181.92 

See Manual at 200 vs. 100 181 

> [181.1–181.9*‡Philosophy of specific places 

181 Ancient,[medieval,[eastern[philosophy 181 DeweyiDecimaliClassification 181 





Class comprehensive works in 181. Class philosophical schools in a place with 

the place, e.g., Neo-Confucian philosophy in Korea 181.115 (not 181.112) 

(Option: To give local emphasis and a shorter number to philosophy of a 

specific country, use one of the following: 

(Option A: Place it first by use of a letter or other symbol, e.g., philosophy 

of Lebanon 181.L [preceding 181.1] 

(Option B: Class it in 181.1; in that case class comprehensive works on 

philosophy of Far East and South Asia in 181.9) 181 

[.1 **Far East and South Asia 

For philosophy of India, see 181.4 

(Option: To give local emphasis and a shorter number to philosophy of a 

specific country, class it in this number; in that case class comprehensive 

works on philosophy of the Far East and South Asia in 181.9) 181 

[.11 **China and Korea 

Standard subdivisions are added for China and Korea together, for China 

alone 181 

> [181.112–181.115*‡Schools of Chinese philosophy 

*Do not use notation 09 from Table 1 

Class Buddhist philosophy in 181.043; class comprehensive works in 181.11 

34 




181 Ancient,[medieval,[eastern[philosophy 181 

[.112 *†Confucian philosophy 

[.114 *†Taoist philosophy 181 

Including Neo-Confucian philosophy 

Class here the Four Books of Confucius; interdisciplinary works on 

Confucianism 

Class the Five Confucian Classics in 299.51282 

For religious aspects of Confucianism, see 299.512 181 

[.115 *†Mohist, Dialecticianist, Legalist philosophies 181 

[.119 **Korea 181 

[.12 **Japan 

Class Shinto philosophy in 181.09561 181 

[.15 **Pakistan and Bangladesh 181 

[.16 **Indonesia 181 

[.17 **Philippines 181 

[.19 **Southeast Asia 

[.2 **Egypt 181 

[.3 **Palestine; Israel 

[.4 **India 

[.41 *†Sankhya 181 

[.42 *†Mimamsa 181 

[.43 *†Nyaya 181 

[.44 *†Vaiíeîika 

†Do not use notation 092 from Table 1 











Add to base number 181.19 the numbers for countries only following —59 

in notation 591–597 from Table 2, e.g., philosophy of Thailand 181.193; 

however, do not add notation 09 from Table 1 for history, geographic 

treatment, biography 

For Indonesia, see 181.16; for Philippines, see 181.17 181 

Class Jewish philosophy in 181.06 181 


Class here Hindu-Brahmanical philosophy 

Class Buddhist philosophy in 181.043; class Jainist philosophy in 181.044 

See also 181.15 for philosophy of Pakistan and Bangladesh 181 

35 









[.45 *†Yoga 

Class here interdisciplinary works on the practice of yoga and yoga as a 

philosophical school 

For yoga as a religious and spiritual discipline, see 204.36; for Hindu 

yoga as a religious and spiritual discipline, see 294.5436; for hatha 

yoga, physical yoga, see 613.7046 181 

[.452 *†PataÔjali’s philosophy 181 

[.46 *†Lokªyata 

[.48 *†Vedanta 181 

Class here Cªrvªka school, Indian materialism 181 

[.482 *†´SaDIA_DOTABOVEnkarªcªrya (Advaita) 181 

[.483 *†Rªmªnujªchªrya (Viíiîðªdvaita) 181 

[.484 *†Dualistic school 181 

[.484 1 *†Madhvªchªrya (Dvaita) 181 

[.484 2 *†Bhedabheda 181 

[.484 3 *†Nimbarka (Dvaitªdvaita) 181 

[.484 4 *†Vallabhªcªrya (´Suddhªdvaita) 181 

[.5 **Iran (Persia) 181 

[.6 **Iraq 

Class here Assyria, Babylonia, Chaldea, ancient Mesopotamia 181 

[.8 **Syria and Lebanon 

Including ancient Phoenicia 181 

[.9 **Other eastern philosophy 

[.92 **Arabia 

Including philosophy of Central Asia, former Soviet Asia, Arabic-speaking 

North Africa other than Egypt 181 

Class here individual Arabian Islamic philosophers 

Class Islamic philosophy not limited to one country in 181.07. Class an 

individual Islamic philosopher associated with another area with the area, 

e.g., Persia 181.5 182 

> [182–188*‡Ancient western philosophy 



Class comprehensive works in 180 

36 


















182 Ancient,[medieval,[eastern[philosophy 182 

[182 *†Pre-Socratic Greek philosophies 

Class comprehensive works on Sophistic philosophy in 183.1 182 

[.1 *†Ionic philosophy 182 

[.2 *†Pythagorean philosophy 182 

[.3 *†Eleatic philosophy 182 

[.4 *†Heraclitean philosophy 182 

[.5 *†Empedoclean philosophy 182 

[.7 *†Democritean philosophy 182 

[.8 *†Anaxagorean philosophy 183 

[183 *†Sophistic, Socratic, related Greek philosophies 

[.1 *†Sophistic philosophy 

[.2 *†Socratic philosophy 183 

[.4 *†Cynic philosophy 183 

[.5 *†Cyrenaic philosophy 183 

[.6 *†Megaric philosophy 183 

For pre-Socratic Greek philosophies, see 182 183 

[.7 *†Elian and Eretrian philosophies 184 

[184 *†Platonic philosophy 

Class here comprehensive works on ancient and modern Platonism 

For modern Platonism, see 141.2 185 

[185 *†Aristotelian philosophy 


















Class here comprehensive works on Aristotelian and Neo-Aristotelian philosophy 

For Neo-Aristotelianism, see 149.91 186 

[186 *†Skeptic and Neoplatonic philosophies 

[.1 *†Pyrrhonic philosophy 186 

[.2 *†New Academy 186 

[.3 *†Eclectic philosophy 


37 






[.4 *†Neoplatonic philosophy 

Class here Alexandrian philosophy, comprehensive works on ancient and 

modern Neoplatonism 

For modern Neoplatonism, see 141.2 187 

[187 *†Epicurean philosophy 

[188 *†Stoic philosophy 

[189 **Medieval western philosophy 

Class here early Christian philosophy 189 

[.2 *†Patristic philosophy 189 

[.4 *†Scholastic philosophy 

[.5 *†Mystic philosophy 190 

For neo-scholasticism, neo-Thomism, see 149.91 189 

[190 *‡Modern western and other noneastern philosophy 








Class here comprehensive works on Christian philosophy, on modern philosophy, 

on western philosophy, on modern western philosophy, on European philosophy 

Modern philosophy of areas not provided for in 180 is classed here, even if not in 

the western tradition, e.g., North American native philosophy 191.08997, 

traditional African philosophy 199.6 

For ancient western and European philosophy, see 180; for early and 

medieval Christian philosophy, medieval western and European philosophy, 

see 189 

See also 181 for eastern philosophy 

(Option: To give local emphasis and a shorter number to philosophy of a specific 

country, use one of the following: 

(Option A: Place it first by use of a letter or other symbol, e.g., philosophy of 

Mexico 19M [preceding 191] 

(Option B: Class it in 191; in that case class philosophy of United States and 

Canada in 199.7) 190 

[.882 7] *‡Christian philosophy 

Do not use; class in 190 190 

[.89] *‡Philosophy of ethnic and national groups 



Do not use; class in 191–199 

38 

190 DeweyiDecimaliClassification Modern[western[philosophy 190 


190 DeweyiDecimaliClassification Modern[western[philosophy 190

190 Modern[western[philosophy 190 

[.94–.99] *‡Continent, country, locality 

Do not use; class in 191–199 190 

[.94] *‡European philosophy 

Do not use; class in 190 191 

> [191–199*‡Modern western and other noneastern 

philosophy by continent or country 

Philosophy of an individual group is classed in the notation at the region or 

country level only, e.g., Arapaho philosophy 191.08997354, Sami philosophy 

198.0899455 191 

[191 **Philosophy of United States and Canada 


Class here North American philosophy 

For Middle American and Mexican philosophy, see 199.72 


(Option: To give local emphasis and a shorter number to philosophy of a specific 

country, class it in this number; in that case class philosophy of United States and 

Canada in 199.7) 192 

[192 **Philosophy of British Isles 

Standard subdivisions are added for philosophy of British Isles together, for 

philosophy of England alone, for philosophy of Ireland alone, for philosophy of 

Northern Ireland alone, for philosophy of Scotland alone, for philosophy of 

United Kingdom alone, for philosophy of Wales alone 193 

[193 **Philosophy of Germany and Austria 


[194 **Philosophy of France 

[195 **Philosophy of Italy 

[196 **Philosophy of Spain and Portugal 

[.1 **Spain 196 

[.9 **Portugal 


39 












[197 **Philosophy of Russia 

Class here philosophy of former Soviet Union 

Philosophy of Azerbaijan relocated to 199.4754; philosophy of Armenia 

relocated to 199.4756; philosophy of Georgia relocated to 199.4758; philosophy 

of Moldova relocated to 199.476; philosophy of Ukraine relocated to 199.477; 

philosophy of Belarus relocated to 199.478; philosophy of Lithuania relocated to 

199.4793; philosophy of Latvia relocated to 199.4796; philosophy of Estonia 

relocated to 199.4798 

See also 181.9 for philosophy of former Soviet Asia 198 

[198 **Philosophy of Scandinavia and Finland 

[.1 **Norway 198 

[.5 **Sweden 198 

[.8 **Finland 198 

Standard subdivisions are added for Scandinavia and Finland together, for 

Scandinavia alone 198 

[.9 **Denmark 199 

[199 **Philosophy in other geographic areas 

Add to base number 199 notation 4–9 from Table 2 for continent or country only, 

e.g., Mexican philosophy 199.72; however, do not add notation 09 from Table 1 

for history, geographic treatment, biography; for Asian philosophy, philosophy of 

Arabic-speaking North Africa, see 181; for European philosophy, see 190; for 

comprehensive works on North American philosophy, see 191 199 

[.475 4 **Azerbaijan [formerly 197] 

[.475 6 **Armenia [formerly 197] 

[.475 8 **Georgia [formerly 197] 

[.476 **Moldova [formerly 197] 

[.477 **Ukraine [formerly 197] 

[.478 **Belarus [formerly 197] 



Number built according to instructions under 199 199 





Number built according to instructions under 199 

40 














199 Modern[western[philosophy 199 

[.479 3 **Lithuania [formerly 197] 

[.479 6 **Latvia [formerly 197] 

[.479 8 **Estonia [formerly 197] 



Number built according to instructions under 199 

41 




130 ManualioniUseiofiDeweyiDecimaliClassification [ 

130 vs. 200 

170.92 vs. 171 

180–190 

Parapsychology and occultism vs. Religion 

130 ManualioniUseiofiDeweyiDecimaliClassification [ Parapsychology[and[occultism 130[ 

Use 130 for para psy cho logi cal and oc cult phe nom ena if they are not pre sented as 

re lig ious, or if there is doubt as to whether they have been so pre sented. Use 200 

for works about para psy cho logi cal or oc cult phe nom ena if the author de scribes 

them as re lig ious, or the be liev ers and prac ti tio ners con sider them to be re lig ious. 

If in doubt, pre fer 130. 

Use 130 for knowl edge re put edly de rived from se cret and an cient re lig ious texts 

but not ap plied for re lig ious pur poses; how ever, use 200 for edi tions of the texts, 

even if an no tated from an oc cult ist view point, e.g., dis cus sion of oc cult tra di tions 

de rived from the Zo har 135.47, but the text of the Zo har 296.162. 170 

Persons associated with ethics vs. Ethical systems 

ManualioniUseiofiDeweyiDecimaliClassification [ Ethics 170[ 

Use 170.92 for bi og ra phy, col lected works, criti cal ap praisal of the work of an in - 

di vid ual moral phi loso pher if the ethi cal sys tem rep re sented by the phi loso pher 

can not be de ter mined. Use 171 for bi og ra phy, col lected works, criti cal ap praisal 

if the ethi cal sys tem can be de ter mined, e.g., criti cal ap praisal of the eth ics of Jer - 

emy Ben tham 171.5092. If in doubt, pre fer 170.92. 180 

History, geographic treatment, biography 

ManualioniUseiofiDeweyiDecimaliClassification [ Ancient,[medieval,[eastern[philosophy 180[ 

Class sin gle works by in di vid ual phi loso phers with the topic in phi loso phy. If 

there is no fo cus on a spe cific topic, class a work ex press ing pri mar ily the phi - 

loso pher’s own view point with the col lected works of the phi loso pher in 

180–190, e.g., use 193 for a gen eral work by He gel, such as Phe nome nol ogy of 

Spirit. 

Class a work by an in di vid ual phi loso pher that is pri mar ily a dis cus sion of other 

phi loso phers’ writ ings with the other phi loso phers’ writ ings. For ex am ple, use 

190 for a work by a west ern phi loso pher that is mostly a criti cism of con tem po - 

rary phi loso phers. 

Use 100 for a work by an in di vid ual that takes a broad look at many ques tions in 

phi loso phy and does not seek to ar gue for the in di vidu al’s own view point. 

42

A 

Abortion 

ethics 179.76 

Absolute (Philosophy) 111.6 

Abstinence 178 

ethics 178 

Abstract thought 

philosophy 128.3 

Accidents (Philosophy) 111.1 

Accountability 

ethics 170 

I Acquisitiveness 178 

Act 

philosophical anthropology 128.4 

Action 


psychology 150 

Adolescents 

E ethics in government 172.208 35 

Adultery 

ethics 176.4 

see also Sexual relations — 

ethics 

Advaita (Philosophy) 181.482 

Advertising 

medical ethics 174.26 

Aesthetics 111.85 

E Japan 111.850 952 


I Affiliation (Philosophy) 128 

Agnosticism 


Alcoholic beverages 

ethics 178.1 

see also Ethical problems 

Alexandrian philosophy 186.4 

Almsgiving 

ethics 177.7 


I Alternative toxicity testing 179.4 

Altruism 

ethical systems 171.8 

Amber 

N occultism 133.255 387 9 

Amulets 133.44 

Analogy 

logic 169 

Analytical philosophy 146.4 

Anaxagorean philosophy 182.8 

Ancient philosophy 180 

Anger 

ethics 179.8 

RelativeiIndex 

43 

____ 

Animal behavior 

comparative psychology 156 

I Animal communicators 133.8 

Animal experimentation 

ethics 179.4 

P see also Animals — treatment of 

— ethics 

Animal ghosts 133.14 

Animal magnetism 

parapsychology 133.89 

Animal psychology 


Animal rights 

ethics 179.3 


— ethics 

Animals 

treatment of 

ethics 179.3 

Animism 

philosophy 147 

Anthropology 

philosophical anthropology 128 

I Aporia 121 

Apparitions 133.1 

I Appeal to popular opinion 

(Logical fallacy) 165 

Applied ethics 170 


I Applied philosophy 100 

Applied psychology 158 

Aquarius (Zodiac) 133.527 6 

Arabic philosophy 181.92 

E Arapaho philosophy 191.089 973 54 

I 191.089 973 54 

Argument (Logic) 168 

Aries (Zodiac) 133.526 2 

Aristotelian philosophy 185 

modern 149.91 

Arms race 

ethics 172.422 

Artificial insemination 

ethics 176.2 

see also Reproduction — ethics 

Aspects (Astrology) 133.530 44 

Assisted suicide 

ethics 179.7 

see also Right to die — ethics 


Asteroids 

astrology 133.539 8 

Astral projection 133.95 

Astrologers 133.509 2 

Astrology 133.5

E Astrology and crime 133.583 641 

I 133.583 641 

Athletes 

occupational ethics 174.979 6 

Atomism 146.5 

NAudiotapes in parapsychology 

133.932 

Aura 


Authority 


Automatic writing 

(Spiritualism) 133.932 

Avarice 178 

see also Vices 

Axiology 121.8 

Axioms 160 

B 

Beauty 111.85 


Becoming 


Behavior 


general psychology 150 

Behavioral sciences 


Being 111 

Belief 

epistemology 121.6 

Belief and doubt 


I Beltane 133.43 

Benevolence 

ethics 177.7 


Bergsonism 143 

Bhedabheda (Philosophy) 181.484 2 

Bioethics 174.957 


Biological warfare 

ethics 172.42 

see also War — ethics 

Biology 


I Birth charts 133.54 

Birth control 

ethics 176.3 

Birthday books 


Birthdays 

fortune-telling 133.335 4 

DeweyiDecimaliClassification 

44 

Bisexuality 

ethics 176.4 


ethics 

Black art (Witchraft) 133.4 

Black magic 133.4 

Black mass 133.422 

Blasphemy 

ethics 179.5 


Body (Human) 


Body and mind 



Body and soul 128.1 

Bones 

N divination 133.3 

Buddhist philosophy 181.043 

Business ethics 174.4 


C 

Cabala 

occultism 135.47 

Cancer (Zodiac) 133.526 5 

I Candoshi philosophy 199.85 

Capital punishment 

ethics 179.7 

Capricorn (Zodiac) 133.527 5 

Cards 

divination 133.324 2 

Caring 

ethics 177.7 

P see also Love — ethics 

Cartomancy 133.324 2 

Cªrvªka 181.46 

Casuistry 


Causation 


Cause 


I Cayapo philosophy 199.810 899 84 

E Cayapó philosophy 199.810 899 84 

Celibacy 

ethics 176.4 

Certainty 


Certitude 


Chance 


____

Change 116 


Channeling (Spiritualism) 133.91 

Chaos 


Charity 

ethics 177.7 


Charms (Occultism) 133.44 

Chªrvªka 181.46 

Chastity 

ethics 176.4 

Cheating 179.8 


Cheerfulness 179.9 

see also Virtues 

Children 

treatment of 

ethics 179.2 


Chirognomy 133.6 

Chiromancy 133.6 

NChiron 133.539 8 

Christian philosophy 190 

Citizenship 

ethics 172.1 

see also Political ethics 

Civil disobedience 

ethics 172.1 

Civil war 

ethics 172.1 

Clairaudience 133.85 

Clairvoyance 133.84 

Clairvoyants 133.840 92 

Clergy 

occupational ethics 174.1 

Clinical drug trials 

E medical ethics 174.28 

Clinical trials 


Cloning 

human reproduction 

P ethics 176.22 


Coffee grounds 


P Cognition 153 

I Effect of drugs on 153 

I Effect of exercise on 153 

epistemology 121 

P psychology 153 

Cognitive psychology 153 

Cognitive science 153 


45 

Color 

N occultism 133.253 56 

Commerce 

ethics 174.4 

Communication 

ethics 175 

Communist ethics 171.7 

Comparative psychology 156 

I Compassion 177.7 

Comtism 146.4 

Concepts 


Conceptualism 


Conduct of life 

ethics 170.44 

parapsychology 131 

Conflict of interest 

occupational ethics 174 

political ethics 172 

Confucianism 181.112 


Confucianists 

biography 181.112 

Conjuring 

magic 133.43 

Conscience 170 


Conscientious objection 

ethics 172.42 


Conscious mental processes 153 

Consciousness 153 

P philosophy 128.2 

I Consequentia (Logic) 167 

Consequentialism 

ethics 171.5 

Constructivism (Philosophy) 149 

Consumption 

ethics 178 


I Contextualism (Philosophy) 149 

Contingency 123 

Contraception 


I Contractarianism (Ethics) 171 

Contradiction (Principle of) 111 

Contradictions 

logic 165 

Conversation 

ethics 177.2 


Cooperation 158 

____

P Corporate social 

responsibility 174.4 

Cosmogony 


Cosmology 


Counterfactuals 

logic 160 

Courage 

ethics 179.6 

Courtesy 

ethics 177.1 


Courtship 

ethics 177.65 


I Covens 133.43 

Covetousness 


I Cowardice 179.6 

ethics 179.6 

Creation 


I Creek philosophy 191.089 973 85 

E 191.089 973 85 

Criteria 


Critical philosophy 142 

Critical realism 


Critical thinking 160 

Cruelty 

ethics 179 


Cruelty to animals 

ethics 179.3 


— ethics 

Crystal gazing 133.322 

Crystals 

occultism 133.254 8 

divination 133.322 

I Cunning folk 133.430 92 

P Curses (Occultism) 133.44 

Cycles 


Cynic philosophy 183.4 

Cyrenaic philosophy 183.5 

D 

Dancing 

ethics 175 


46 

Death 

ethics 179.7 



humans 128.5 

Deconstruction 


Deduction (Logic) 162 

Deductive reasoning 162 

logic 162 

Defamation 

ethics 177.3 


I Defeasible reasoning 160 

Dematerialization 


Democritean philosophy 182.7 

Demoniac possession 133.426 


Demonology 133.42 

Demons 133.42 

Denial 


Deontology 

P ethical systems 171.2 

Design 


Destiny 


Determinism 123 

Developmental psychology 155 

Devil 


Devil worship 


Dialectical materialism 146.32 


Dialecticianism (Chinese 

philosophy) 181.115 

Dice 

N divination 133.3 

Differential psychology 155 

Disarmament 

ethics 172.4 


Discrimination 

ethics 177.5 


I Dispositors 133.53 

Distant prospection 

(Parapsychology) 133.323 

Distributive justice 

ethics 172.2 

Divination 133.3 

____

I Divination cards 133.324 2 

Divinatory graphology 137 

Divinatory signs 133.334 

I Divine commands (Ethics) 171.1 

Divining rods 133.323 

Divorce 

ethics 173 

Dogmatism 


I Double effect (Ethics) 170 

Doubt 


Dowsing 133.323 

Dream books 135.3 

Dreams 


E adolescents 135.308 35 

Drugs (Narcotics) 

ethics 178.8 


I Dual-brain psychology 153 

Dualism 


Hindu 181.484 

Dueling 

ethics 179.7 

Dvaita (Philosophy) 181.484 1 

Dvaitªdvaita (Philosophy) 181.484 3 

Dynamism 146 

E 

Early Christian philosophy 189 

Eastern philosophy 181 

Eclecticism 


ancient 186.3 

Ecology 

ethics 179.1 

P Economic ethics 174.4 

Ectogenesis 

I Moral and ethical aspects 

176 

Ectoplasm 133.92 

Effect 


Egoism 


Eleatic philosophy 182.3 

I Electronic voice phenomenon 

133.932 

Elian philosophy 183.7 


47 

Embryo 

medical research 

E ethics 174.28 

Embryo transfer 



Embryo transplant 

N ethics 176.2 

N see also Reproduction — ethics 

Emotions 


Empedoclean philosophy 182.5 

Empiricism 146.44 

ethics 171.2 

Energism 146 

Energy 


NEnochian magic 133.43 

Environment 

ethics 179.1 

Envy 

ethics 179.8 


Ephemerides 

astrology 133.55 

Epicurean philosophy 187 

Epistemology 121 

Eretrian philosophy (Ancient) 183.7 

Errors 

logic 165 

ESP (Extrasensory perception) 

133.8 

Espionage 

ethics 172.4 


Essence (Philosophy) 111.1 

Eternity 


Ethical problems 172–179 

Ethical systems 171 

Ethicists 170.92 

Ethics 170 

Ethics in government 172.2 

Eugenics 

P ethics 176 

European philosophy 190 

Euthanasia 

ethics 179.7 

P see also Death — ethics 

Evidence 


Evil (Concept) 111.84 

ethics 170 

Evil eye 133.425 

____

Evil spirits 133.423 

see also Legendary beings 

Evolution 



Evolutionism 


I Exaggeration (Philosophy) 121 

Existence 111.1 

Existentialism 142.78 

ethics 171.2 

Exorcism 


Experience 


Experimental medicine 

ethics 174.28 

see also Medical ethics 

Experimentation on animals 

ethics 179.4 


— ethics 

I Expressivism (Ethics) 170.42 

Extramarital relations 

N ethics 176.4 


ethics 

Extrasensory perception 133.8 

Extrasensory perception of 

animals 133.89 

F 

Facts (Philosophy) 111 

Faith 121.7 


Fallacies 

logic 165 

Family ethics 173 

Fatalism 


Fate 


Fee splitting 


Feng shui 133.333 7 

Fertilization in vitro 

ethics 176.2 


Fetal tissue 

experimental research 


Fictions 

logic 165 


48 

Finance 

ethics 174.4 


Finite (Philosophy) 111.6 

Flattery 

ethics 177.3 


Force (Energy) 


Forecasting 


Form (Concept) 


Fortune-tellers 133.309 2 

Fortune-telling 133.3 

I Fortune-telling by scarabs 133.322 

I Fortune-telling by flames 133.3 

I Foundationalism (Theory of 

knowledge) 121 

Fraud 

occultism 130 

I Free logic 160 

Free will 


Freedom 


Friendship 177.62 

ethics 177.62 


Future life 



Futurology 


G 

Gambling 

ethics 175 

P see also Recreation — ethics 


Games 

ethics 175 

Gamete intrafallopian 

transfer 


Gases (Fuels) 

dowsing 133.323 7 

Gemini (Zodiac) 133.526 4 

Gems 



Gene therapy 

E medical ethics 174.295 895 

____

Genetic disorders 

humans 


Genetic engineering 



Genocide 

ethics 179.7 


Gentleness 179.9 


Geomancy 133.333 

Ghosts 133.1 


I Gifts to politicians 172.2 

Gluttony 178 

P see also Consumption — ethics 

Good and evil 111.84 

ethics 170 

Good luck charms 133.443 

Good luck spells 133.443 

Gossip 

ethics 177.2 


Government 

ethics 172.2 


Graphology 

divination 137 

Gratitude 179.9 


Greed 178 


Greek philosophy 180 

modern 199.495 

Grimoire 133.43 

H 

I Hand of Fatima (Amulet) 133.44 

Handreading 133.6 

Handwriting analysis 


Happiness 

applied psychology 158 

P hedonism 171.4 


P virtue ethics 171.3 

Hate 179.8 


Hatred 179.8 


I Haunted cemeteries 133.122 

I Haunted houses 133.122 


49 

I Haunted parsonages 133.122 

Haunted places 133.12 

I Haunted schools 133.122 

I Haunted universities and 

colleges 133.122 

P Health ethics 174.2 

Hedonism 


Heraclitean philosophy 182.4 

Hermeneutics 121.686 


Hermetism 135.45 

I Hindsight bias (Psychology) 153 

Hindu philosophy 181.4 

Hippocratic oath 174.22 

Historicism 


Hobgoblins 133.14 

Homicide 

ethics 179.7 

Homosexuality 

ethics 176.4 

P see also Sexual relations — 

ethics 

Honesty 179.9 


Horary astrology 133.56 

Horoscopes 133.54 

I Hospice ethics committees 179.7 

Hospitality 

ethics 177.1 


Houses (Astrology) 133.530 42 

Human behavior 


Human cloning 



Human embryo 



transplantation 

ethics 176.2 


Human experimentation in 

medicine 

ethics 174.28 


Human information processing 

153 

Human life 


respect for 

ethics 179.7 

____

Human reproduction 

E ethics 176 

Human reproductive technology 

ethics 176.2 


Humanism 

ethics 171.2 


Humans 


Humility 179.9 


Hunting 

ethics 179.3 


— ethics 

Hypnotic regression 


Hypnotism 


Hypotheses 

logic 167 

Idealism 141 

Ideas 


Ideation 


Identity 


P humans 126 

Ideology 140 

philosophical system 145 

Imagination 


Immorality 170 

Immortality 


In vitro fertilization 

ethics 176.2 

P see also Reproduction — ethics 

I Incantation bowls 133.44 

Incantations (Occultism) 133.44 

Incarnation 


Incompatibilities 

logic 160 

I Incongruity 111 

Incubi 133.423 


Indeterminism 123 

I 


50 

Individualism 


Induction (Logic) 161 

Inductive reasoning 161 

logic 161 

Industrial espionage 

ethics 174.4 

Inference 

logic 160 

Infinite (Philosophy) 111.6 

Innate ideas 121.4 

Innatism 149.7 

Inquiry 


I Institutional review boards 

(Medicine) 174.28 

Instrumentalism 144.5 

Intellect 


Intellectual processes 153 

Intellectualism 149.7 

Intelligence 


Intentionality 


International relations 

ethics 172.4 


Interpretation 121.68 

Intuition 



Intuitionism 143 

Ionic philosophy 182.1 

Islamic philosophy 181.07 

Jade 

occultism 133.255 387 6 


Jain philosophy 181.044 

Jealousy 

ethics 179.8 

Jewish philosophy 181.06 

Journalists 


Judges 


N United States 174.309 73 

Judgment 


Judicial ethics 


J 

____

Jupiter (Planet) 


P Jury ethics 174.3 

I 174.3 

Just war theory 

ethics 172.42 

Justice 

ethics 172.2 

I Justice in adolescence 172.208 35 

I Justice in young adults 172.208 35 

Justices of the peace 


K 

Kantianism 142.3 

E Kayapó philosophy 199.810 899 84 

I Kiho school 181.119 

Kindness 

ethics 177.7 


Kirlian photography 


Knowledge 

theory of 121 

L 

Labor 

ethics 174 


I Lammas 133.43 

Language 

philosophy 

philosophical works 121.68 

Lawyers 



Legal ethics 174.3 


Legalism (Chinese philosophy) 

181.115 

Leisure 

ethics 175 

Leo (Zodiac) 133.526 6 

Levitation (Spiritualism) 133.92 

Liberalism 


Liberality 

ethics 177.7 

Liberty (Personal freedom) 


Libra (Zodiac) 133.527 2 


51 

Life 



respect for 

ethics 179.1 

Life after death 



P Linguistic analysis 149.94 

Linguistic philosophies 149.94 

Logic (Reasoning) 160 

Logical atomism 146.5 

Logical positivism 146.42 

Lokªyata 181.46 

Lotteries 


Love 

ethics 177.7 


Love charms 133.442 

Love spells 133.442 

Lust 

ethics 176.4 

Lying 

ethics 177.3 


M 

Madhvªchªrya (Philosophy) 181.484 1 

Magic 133.43 

Magicians (Occultists) 133.430 92 


Magicians’ manuals 133.43 

Manufacturing 

ethics 174.4 

Marketing 


Marriage 

ethics 173 

Mars (Planet) 


Mascots (Occultism) 133.44 

I Material falsity 165 

Materialism 146.3 

Indian philosophy 181.46 

Materialization 


I Mateship (Australia) 177.62 

Matter 


Maturation 

developmental psychology 

155 

____

Meaning 


Mechanism (Philosophy) 146.6 

P Media ethics 175 

Medical astrology 133.586 1 

Medical ethics 174.2 

I Medical ethics committees 174.2 

Medical genetics 


Medically assisted suicide 


Medieval philosophy 

eastern 181 

western 189 

Mediumship (Spiritualism) 133.91 

Megaric philosophy 183.6 

Meliorism 


Memory 


Mercury (Planet) 


Metaethics 170.42 

Metals 

dowsing 133.323 3 

Metaphysics 110 

I Midheaven (Astrology) 133.530 42 

Militarism 

ethics 172.42 


Military service (Manpower 

procurement) 

ethics 172.42 


Mimamsa (Philosophy) 181.42 

Mind 128.2 



Mind reading 133.82 

Missionaries 


Modality 

logic 160 

Modern philosophy 190 

N 20th century 190.904 

E Brazil 199.81 

eastern 181 

N Netherlands 199.492 

E Peru 199.85 

western 190 

Modesty 179.9 


Mohism (Chinese philosophy) 

181.115 


52 

Moism (Chinese philosophy) 181.115 

Monads 

ontology 111 

Monism 


Moon 


P Moral anti-realism 170.42 

Moral judgment 170 

Moral philosophers 170.92 

see Manual at 170.92 vs. 171 

Moral philosophy 170 

P Moral realism 170.42 

I 170.42 

Moral sense 


Morality 170 

Motion 


Motion pictures 

ethics 175 

Mundane astrology 133.5 

Music 

ethics 175 


Mysteries 


Mysticism 


medieval western 189.5 

N 

Names 


Narcotics 

ethics 178.8 


Nativism 149.7 

Natural law 


Natural resources 

ethics 178 


Naturalism 146 

ethics 171.2 

Nature 


I Psychic aspects 133.25 

respect for 

ethics 179.1 


Near-death experience 


____

Necessity 


Necromancy 133.9 

Negation 

logic 160 

Neo-Aristotelianism 149.91 

Neo-Confucianism 181.112 

Neo-Kantianism 142.3 

Neo-scholasticism 149.91 

Neo-Thomism 149.91 

Neoplatonism 186.4 

ancient 186.4 

modern 141.2 

Neorealism 


Neptune (Planet) 


New Academy (Philosophy) 186.2 

New Age movement 



Nihilism 


Nimbarka (Philosophy) 181.484 3 

Nominalism 149.1 

Nonbeing 111.5 

P Nonconsequentialism 171.2 

Nonviolence 

ethics 179.7 

Normative ethics 170.44 

Nothingness 111.5 

Nuclear warfare 



Number 


Numbers 

fortune-telling 133.335 4 

Numerology 133.335 

Nursing 


Nyaya (Philosophy) 181.43 

O 

OBE (Parapsychology) 133.95 

Objective knowledge 121.4 

Objectivism 149 

Objectivity 


Obscenity 

ethics 176.7 

P Obscenity in speech 179.5 

Occasionalism 147 


53 

Occult sciences 130 

see Manual at 130 vs. 200 

Occultism 130 

N dictionaries 130.3 

N encyclopedias 130.3 


Occultists 130.92 

Occupational ethics 174 


Omens 133.334 

Ontology 111 

Opals 

N occultism 133.255 387 3 

Optimism 


Oracles 133.324 8 

Order 


Ordinary language philosophy 

149.94 

Organ transplants 

medical ethics 174.297 954 


Oriental philosophy 181 

Origin of life 


Origin of universe 


Other minds 


Ouija board 133.932 5 

Out-of-body experience 133.95 

Overindulgence 

ethics 178 

P 

Pacifism 

ethics 172.42 

P see also Peace — ethics 

Palm reading 133.6 

Palmistry 133.6 

Palmists 133.609 2 

Panentheism 


Panpsychism 141 

Pantheism 


Paradoxes 

logic 165 

Parallelism 147 

Paranormal phenomena 130 

Parapsychologists 130.92 

____

Parapsychology 130 

N dictionaries 130.3 

N encyclopedias 130.3 


I Parapsychology and sex 130 

Part-whole relationships 111.82 

Past lives (Occultism) 133.901 35 

PataÔjali’s philosophy 181.452 

Patience 179.9 


Patristic philosophy 189.2 

Peace 

ethics 172.42 

Pediatrics 


Pendulums 

dowsing 133.323 

fortune-telling 133.3 

Perception 


Perfectionism 


Performances 

ethics 175 

Personal appearance 

ethics 177.4 


Personal fulfillment 


Personal survival 


Personalism 


Personality 


Persuasion 

logic 168 

Pessimism 


I Pet psychics 133.8 

Petroleum 

dowsing 133.323 7 

Phantasms 133.14 

E Pharmaceutical ethics 174.295 1 

Pharmacology 


Phenomenalism 142.7 

Phenomenology 142.7 

Philanthropy 

ethics 177.7 


Philosophers 180–190 

ancient 180 

eastern 181 


54 

Philosophers (continued) 

medieval western 189 

modern 190 

N Netherlands 199.492 

see Manual at 180–190 

Philosophical anthropology 128 

P Philosophical counseling 128.4 

Philosophy 100 

Philosophy of nature 113 

I Philosophy, Javanese 181.16 

Phrenology 139 

Physician-assisted suicide 


Physiognomy 


Pisces (Zodiac) 133.527 7 

Planets 


Plants 

N occultism 133.258 

Platonism 184 

ancient 184 

modern 141.2 

Play 


Pleasure 


Pluralism (Philosophy) 147.4 

Pluto (Planet) 


Poison gas 

ethics 172.42 

Politeness 

ethics 177.1 

Political ethics 172 

Politicians 

ethics 172.2 

Poltergeists 133.142 

Pornography 

ethics 176.7 

Positivism 146.4 

ethics 171.2 

Postmodernism 149.97 


I Poststructuralism 149.97 


Practical ethics 170.44 

I Practical reason 128.33 

I 171.2 

Pragmatism 144.3 

Pre-Socratic philosophy 182 

Precognition 133.86 

Predictions 


____

I Preferences (Philosophy) 128.3 

Prejudice 

ethics 177.5 

P see also Discrimination — ethics 

Pride 179.8 


I Prime matter (Philosophy) 117 

Probabilities 


Process 

philosophy of nature 116 

Process philosophy 146.7 

P Procrastination 179.8 

Profanity 179.5 

ethics 179.5 


Professional ethics 174 


Professional relationships 

ethics 174 


Promiscuity 

ethics 176.4 


ethics 

Prophecies 133.3 


Propositions 

logic 160 

Prostitution 

ethics 176.5 


ethics 

I Protection magic 133.43 

Prudence 179.9 


Psi phenomena 133.8 

Psychiatry 


P Psychic communication 133.8 

P Psychic gifts 133.8 

Psychic messages 133.93 

Psychic phenomena 133.8 

P Psychic talents 133.8 

Psychokinesis 133.88 

Psychology 150 

Public administration 

ethics 172.2 


Public entertainment 

ethics 175 

Public performances 

ethics 175 


55 

Publishers 


Purpose 


I Purushªrtha 181.4 

Pyrrhonic philosophy 186.1 

Pythagorean philosophy 182.2 

Q 

I Qualia 121.3 

Quantity 


Question 

logic 160 

Quiddity 111.1 

I Quindecile (Astrology) 133.530 44 

R 

Racism 

ethics 177.5 


Radiesthesia 133.323 

Raja yoga 181.45 


Rªmªnujªchªrya (Philosophy) 

181.483 

Rapping (Spiritualism) 133.92 

I Rational suicide 179.7 

Rationalism 149.7 


Rationality 128.33 

N philosophical anthropology 

128.33 

Realism 


Reality 


Reason 128.33 




Reasoning 

logic 160 

Recreation 

ethics 175 

Reference 


Reincarnation 



Relation (Philosophy) 111 

____

Relativism 149 


ethics 171.7 

Relativity theory 


I Relevance logic 160 

Religion * 


Religious leaders 


Remarriage 

ethics 173 

Reproduction 

ethics 176 

Reproductive technology 

humans 



Research ethics 174 

P Respect 179.9 

Resuscitation orders 


Revolution 

ethics 172.1 

Right and wrong 170 

Right to die 

ethics 179.7 


Right to life 

ethics 179.7 

Right to life (Prenatal) 

ethics 179.76 

P see also Abortion — ethics 

Rites 

magic 133.43 

witchcraft 133.43 

Roman philosophy 180.937 

Romanticism 


Rosicrucianism 135.43 

Rosicrucians 135.430 92 

Runes 


Sacred books * 


Sagittarius (Zodiac) 133.527 4 

I Sale of organs, tissues, etc. 174.297 954 

´SaDIA_DOTABOVEnkarªcªrya 

(Philosophy) 181.482 

Sankhya (Philosophy) 181.41 

S 


56 

Satan 


Satanism 133.422 

Saturn (Planet) 


Scholastic philosophy 189.4 

modern 149.91 

Schools of thought 


Scorpio (Zodiac) 133.527 3 

I Seances 133.91 

I Secret friends 177.62 

Self 


Self-control 179.9 


Self-realization 


Self-reliance 179.9 


Semantics 

philosophical system 149.94 


Semiotics 


Semiprecious stones 



Sensation 


Sensationalism 

(Philosophical school) 145 

Sense knowledge 121.35 

Sensory perception 


Separation (Domestic 

relations) 

ethics 173 

I Sexual consent 176.4 

Sexual ethics 176.4 

see also Sexual relations — ethics 

Sexual relations 

ethics 176.4 

Shankara (Philosophy) 181.482 

I Shibui 111.850 952 

Shinto philosophy 181.095 61 

Siblings 

family relationships 

ethics 173 

Sibyls 

parapsychology 133.324 8 

Sikh philosophy 181.046 

Situation ethics 171.7 

____

Skepticism 


ancient 186 


I Slackers 174 

Slander 

ethics 177.3 

Slave trade 

ethics 177.5 

Slavery 

ethics 177.5 


Sloth 179.8 


Social ethics 170 


Social relations 

ethics 177 


Socialist ethics 171.7 

Sociobiology 


Socratic philosophy 183.2 

Solipsism 


Sophistic philosophy 183.1 

Soul 128.1 


Space 


Space and time 


I Space and time in mass media 

115 

Space-time 


I Speciesism 179.3 

Spells (Occultism) 133.44 

Spirit photography 133.92 

Spirit writings 133.93 

Spirits (Discarnate beings) 133.9 

apparitions 133.1 

Spiritual world 


Spiritualism 133.9 


Spiritualists 133.909 2 

Sports 

ethics 175 


Sportsmanship 

ethics 175 


57 

Stem cells 



Stoic ethics 171.2 

Stoic philosophy 188 

Structuralism 


Structure (Philosophy) 117 

Subconscious 


Subjective knowledge 121.4 

Subjectivism 141 

Subjectivity 126 


Substance (Philosophy) 111.1 

Substance abuse 

ethics 178 

Success 



Succubi 133.423 


´Suddhªdvaita (Philosophy) 181.484 4 

Suffering 


Suicide 

ethics 179.7 

I Suicide pacts 179.7 

Sun 


Supernatural 


I Supervenience (Philosophy) 110 

Surrogate motherhood 

ethics 176.2 


Swearing 

ethics 179.5 

Syllogisms 166 

Symbolic divination 133.33 

Symbolism 

of divinatory arts 133.3 

Symbolism of numbers 133.335 

Syncretism 


I Systemic memory hypothesis 

113 

T 

Table tipping (Spiritualism) 133.92 

Talismans 133.44 

Taoism 


____

E Taoist astrology 133.594 951 4 

I 133.594 951 4 

Taoist philosophy 181.114 

Taoists 


Tarot 133.324 24 

Taurus (Zodiac) 133.526 3 

Tea leaves 


I Teenagers’ dreams 135.308 35 

Teleology 124 


Telepathists 133.820 92 

Telepathy 133.82 

I Teleportation 133.88 

Television 

ethics 175 


Temperance 178 


Terminal care 

ethics 179.7 

Terminal sedation 

I Moral and ethical aspects 

179.7 

Terrorism 

ethics 172.1 

Test-tube babies 

ethics 176.2 


Therapeutic spells and charms 

133.446 

I Theurgy 133.43 

Things (Philosophy) 111 

Thomist philosophy 189.4 

modern 149.91 

Thought 


I Thought experiments 100 

Time 


Tobacco 

ethics 178.7 


Toleration 179.9 


Traditionalism 


Transcendentalism 


I Transleations (Spirits) 133.9 

Transmigration 

P occultism 133.901 35 

P philosophy 129 


58 

Transportation (Spiritualism) 133.92 

I Tropes (Philosophy) 111 

Truth 121 

I Deflationary theory 121 

Truth tables 160 

Truthfulness 

ethics 177.3 


U 

Unconscious 


Unity 111.82 

Universals (Philosophy) 111.2 

Universe 


Unwed parenthood 

ethics 173 

P see also Family ethics 

Uranus (Planet) 


Utilitarianism 144.6 

ethics 171.5 

V 

Vaiíeîika (Philosophy) 181.44 

Vaisheshika (Philosophy) 181.44 

Vallabhªcªrya (Philosophy) 181.484 4 

Values 


I Vastu 133.333 

Vedanta (Philosophy) 181.48 

I Veganism 179.3 

I Vegans 179.3 

Vegetarianism 

ethics 179.3 

Venus (Planet) 


Vices 179.8 

Violence 

ethics 179.7 

Virgo (Zodiac) 133.526 7 

Virtue 179.9 

N see also Virtues 

I Virtue epistemology 121 

Virtue ethics 

E ethical systems 171.3 

Virtues 179.9 

Vision 


Viíiîðªdvaita (Philosophy) 181.483 

Vitalism 147 

____

Vivisection 

ethics 179.4 


— ethics 

I Voice (Philosophy) 128.3 

Voluntarism 


I Voluntary simplicity movement 

179.9 

W 

I Waiwai philosophy 199.81 

War 

ethics 172.42 

Warlocks (Occultists) 133.430 92 


Water 

dowsing 133.323 2 

Water witching 133.323 2 

Wealth 

ethics 178 

Well-being 



Western philosophy 190 

Will 


freedom of will 123.5 

Witchcraft 133.43 

Witches (Occultists) 133.430 92 


Wizardry 133.43 

Wizards (Occultists) 133.430 92 


World views 140 

Worth 


Y 

Yoga 181.45 


Young adults 

I Conduct of life 170.842 


Z 

Zodiac 


E Zoroastrian astrology 133.594 5 

I 133.594 5 


59 

Zoroastrianism 


Zygote intrafallopian 

transfer 


____

[100 *‡Philosophy, parapsychology and occultism, psychology

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