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The Arcades Project - Operi

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ourgeoisie were already fearful of a revolution." A. Malet and P. Grillet, XIX'<br />

Siilcle (Paris, 1919), 1'. 72.<br />

[a5a,3]<br />

""<strong>The</strong> crisis of 1857-1858 . .. marked a sudden end to all the illusions of imperial<br />

socialism. All efforts to maintain wages at a level that would have corresponded in<br />

some degree to the ever-rising prices of food and housing proved futile. ??<br />

D. Rjazanov, Zur Geschichte der ersten Internationale, in Mar'x-Engels Archiv,<br />

vol. 1 [Frankfurt am Main ], 1'. 145. [a5a,4]<br />

"In Lyons l the economic crisis had caused a reduction in the salary of the silk<br />

weavers-the famous canuts-to eighteen sous for a workday of fifteen to sixteen<br />

hours. <strong>The</strong> prefect had tried to induce the workers and bosses to agree to establish<br />

a minimum salary level. <strong>The</strong> attempt having failed, an insurrection broke out on<br />

November 12, 1831; it was nonpolitical in character, representing an uprising of<br />

the poor. I . Live Working or Die Fighting' read the black banner which the camas<br />

carried before them . ... After two days of fighting,S the troops of the line, which<br />

the Garde Nationale had refused to support, were forced to evacuate Lyons. <strong>The</strong><br />

workers laid down their arms. Casimir Perier sent an army of 36,000 men to<br />

reoccupy the city; furthermore, he removed the prefect from office, annulled the<br />

tariff which the latter had succeeded in foisting upon the bosses, and disbanded<br />

the Garde Nationale (December 3, 1831) . ... lwo years later, . .. charges brought<br />

against an association of Lyons workers, the Mutualists, were the occasion for an<br />

uprising that lasted five days." A. Malet and P. Grillet, XIX' Siecle (Paris, 1919),<br />

pp. 86-88. [a6,1]<br />

I . I . A study of working conditions in the textile industry in 184,0 revealed that, for<br />

one fifteen-and-a-half-hour day of active work, the average salary was less than<br />

two francs for men and barely one franc for women. <strong>The</strong> suffering . .. got worse,<br />

especially beginning in 1834, because, civil unrest being finally quelled, industrial<br />

enterprises multiplied so rapidly that, within ten years, the population of the cities<br />

increased by two million solely through the influx of peasants to the factories."<br />

A. Malet and P. Grillet, XIX' Siecle (Paris, 1919), p. 103. [a6,2]<br />

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