The Arcades Project - Operi

Unold, Max (1885-1964). German writer and gTaphic artist. In France 1911-1913.
Usener, Hennann (1834-1905). German classical 5chola1' and historian of religion.
Te acher of Aby Warburg.
Vacquerie, Auguste (1819-1895). Joumalist and playwright. Co-founded the radical
journal Le RaNel (1869).
Vaihinger, Hans (1852-1933). German philosopher who developed Kantianism in the
direction of pragmatism by espousing a theory of "fictions" for negotiating the maze of
life. Author of Die Philosophic des Als Ob (1911).
Valjean,Jean. Leading character in Victor Hugo's Les Miserables (1862).
Valles, Jules (1832-1885). French socialist journalist and novelist; founded Le 0, du
peujJle (1871). Member of the Paris Commune. Author of Jacques Vingtras (1879-1886).
van de Velde, Henry (1863-1957). Belgian architect and craftsman; leader of Jug ends til
in 8Tchitecture and arts. His most important work is Vom lleuen Slit (1907).
Varlin, Louis-Eugene (1839-1871). Bookbinder and Proudhonist. He was a leader in the
First Intcluational, as well as a member of the Central Committee of the Gm'de Nationale.
Took part in the Paris Commune, and was killed by the forces ofThers's government.
Varnhagen von Ense, Karl (1785-1858). German diplomat aod writer. Author of Biographische
Denkmale (1824-1830).
Vaucanson,Jacques de (1709-1782) . Inventor. Constructed an automaton, "The Flute
Player," in 1738, followed the next year by "The Duck," which imitated the motions of
a live duck, Succeeded in automating the loom used for silk weaving.
Vaumn. Name assumed by the villainous characterJacques Collin in Rre Coriot) Illusiolls
jJerdueJ) and other of Balzac's novels.
Vehme, or Vehmgericht. System of secret tribunals that spread across Germany in the
Middle Ages and allowed much scope for private revenge and judicial murder.
Vendee. A province in the west of France which gave its name to a royalist insurrection
that took place there during the Revolution (1793).
Ve rhaeren, Emile (1855-1916). Belgian poet who fused techniques of Symbolism and
Naturalism. An editor of La Jeune Belgique. Published Les Villes lenlaeulaires in 1895.
Ve rlaine, Paul (1844-1896). Leading Symbolist poet. Author of Poetnes saturniens (1866),
Sagesse (1881), Les Poetes maudits (1884), Elegies (1893).
Ve ron, Louis (1798-1867), French journalist known as Docteur Veron. Founded La
Revue de Paris (1829) and revived Le Constilulionnel (1835). Bonapartist after 1848.
suviennes. Club de la Legion des Vesuviem1eS on the Rue Sainte-Apolline, one of
many feminist clubs founded in France in 1848.
Veuillot, Louis (1813-1883). J oumalist and editor of L'Univers r·elrg1eux (1843). AucilOr of
Le PajJe el la diplomalie (1861), Les Odeun de Pans (1866).
Vicat, Louis (1786-1861). Engineer who specialized in building materials for bridges.
Vidocq, Franc;ois (1775-1857). French adventurer and detective; served under Napoleon,
Louis Philippe, and LamaTtine. Published Mbnoires de Vidocq (4 vols.; 1828-
1829).
Viguy, Alfred de (1797-1863). Man of letters and army officer; leader of the Romantic
school. His work is distinguished by an aristocratic pessimism.
VilleJe, Jean Baptiste (1773-1854). Leader of the ultra-Royalists after the Restoration;
premier 1822-1828. A critic of the finaocial policies of the July Monarchy.
Villemain, Abel (1790-1870). Writer and politician; secretary of the Academie Frao,aise.
AucilOr of Elage de NIonle.lquieu (1816), Essai sur Ie genie de Pindare (1859).
Villemessant,Jean (1812-1879). French journalist. Founder of Le Frgaro, first (1854) as a
weekly, and later (1866) as a daily newspaper.