The Arcades Project - Operi

guages at Erlangen and Berlin. Author of Deutsche Gedichte (1814), Die Weisheit des
Brahmane" (1836-1839).
Ruge, Arnold (1803-1880). German writer on philosophy and politics and editor of
various leftist journals .
Rumford, Count. Title of Benjamin T1lOmpson (1753-1814), American-born physicist
and adventurer. From 1784 to 1795 he was in the service of the elector of Bavaria, who
made him a count. Resident in Paris from 1802.
R11)i Bias. Play by Vietor Hugo (1838).
Sahatier, Aglae:Josephine (1822-1890). French beauty; sponsor of Sunday dumers for
the ill·tistic world in the 1850s. Intimate friend of Baudelaire.
Sadler, Michael (1780-1835). English economist and politician. Leader of d,e philllil­
thropic Tories.
Saint-Amant, Marc Antoine Girard (1594-1661). French burlesque poet llild one of
the first members of the Academic Franc;aise.
Samte-Beuve, Charles Augustin (1804-1869). Leading man of letters ill mid-time­
teenth-century France. Author of Vie, paesies, et penstfes de Joseph Delorme (1829), a
novel, Volupte (1834), verse, and many volumes ofliterary criticism.
Sainte-Pelagie. Prison in Paris where Louis-Auguste Blanqui was held 1861-1865; demolished
1895.
Saint-Germain, comte de (d. ca. 1784). Adventurer in Paris from 1750. Claimed to
possess the philosopher's stone and the elixir of life. Confidential diplomat of Louis
xv.
Saint-Marc Girardin, Franois (1801-1873). Politicim and man of letters. Member of
the ChaTIlber of Deputies (1835-1848). Professor of poetry at the SorboIlne. Author of
COlin de litterature dramatique (1843-1863).
Saint-Marcin, Louis (1743-1803). French mystic philosopher; one of the Illuminati,
inspired by Jakob Bolune. SaintMartin's followers were known as Martinists.
Saint-Simon, Henri (1760-1825) . Philosopher and social reformer, considered the foun­
der of French socialism. Fought in the American Revolution. Amassed a fortune by
land speculation, but soon lost it and lived in relative poverty the last twenty years of
his life. Author of De fa Reorganisation de fa societe europeenne (1814), Du Systeme indUJtrid
(1820-1823), Le Nouveau Clmstiauisme (1825). His ideas were developed by disci­
ples into the system known as Saint-Simoniamsm.
Salon. Annual public exhibitions of art in France, begioning ill 1833, sponsored by d,e
Academie Royale and held in the galleries of the Tuileries, adjoining the Louvre.
Salon des Etrangers. Luxurious Parisian gambling house frequented by the allies after
Waterloo.
Salut public. Short-lived newspaper, founded by Baudelaire, Champfleury, and Charles
To ubin. Tw o issues appeared, in February and March 1848. 111C name, recalling the
infamous Committee of Public Safety formed under the Tenor in 1793, came from
Baudelaire. Its brief, unsigned articles were full of revolutionary enthusiasm for "the
people," its republic, and a socialist Christ.
Salvandy, Narcisse, com!e de (1795-1856). Colonial nunister who invited Alexmdre
Dumas pere to visit Tu rns at the government's expense in order to publicize the colo­
lues.
Sand, George. Pseudonym of Aurore Dudevant (1804-1876), Romantic novelist who
stood for free association in all social relations, and whose protagonists are generally
virtuous peasants or workmen. Famous for her love affairs 'With Prosper Merimee,
Alfred de Musset, and Frederic Chopin.
Sandeau,Jules (1811-1883). Novelist md playwright. Curator of the Bibliotheque Maz­
arin in Paris.