The Arcades Project - Operi

Makar!, Hans (1840-1884). Austrian painter of historical scenes, with an opulent style
imitative of sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Baroque.
Malassis. See Poulet-Malassis, Auguste.
Malebranche, Nicolas (1638-1715). Philosopher who sought to reconcile Cartesianism
with the ideas of Augustine. His chief work, De la Recherche de la velite (1674-1678),
argues that "we see all things in God:' human nature being unknowable,
Malibran, Maria (1808-1836). French opera singer. Debuted in Rossini's II Barbiere di
Siviglia in 1825.
Mandeville, Bernard (1670?-1733). Dutch-born philosopher and satirist; settled in London.
Author of the political satire The Rlble 0/ tlte Bees) or Private Vices, Public Beniftfs
(1714).
Mapah. See Ganeau.
Marais. District of Paris ; site of a republican insurrection in April 1834, during which, in
a house on the Rue Transnonain, all occupants were butchered by government troops,
This incident is the subject of Daumier's lithograph La Rue Tran.monain.
Marat, Jean Paul (1743-1793). Swiss-born French Revolutionary politician; identified
with tl,e radicalJacobins. Assassinated by Charlotte Corday while in his bath.
Marcelin, Louis (1825-1887). Caricaturist on the staff of Le Joumal mnusant; associate of
Nadar. In 1862 founded the journal La Vie parisienne, which published work by Baude­
laire.
Marcionites. Believers in a Christian heresy of the second and third centuries that re­
jected the Old Testament. It likely included women in leadership roles.
Marengo. Village in northwest Italy where Napoleon gained a victory over the Austrians
in 1800.
Marey, Etienne (1830-1904). Physiologist who studied electrical phenomena in animals.
Invented the "chronophotographic gun" in 1882 to take series pictures of birds in
flight.
Marie, Alexandre Thomas (b. 1795). French lawyer, associate of Ledru-Rol1in; on the
staff of L'Atelier. Member of the Provisional Govermnent. Entrusted with the organiza­
tion of dle national workshops in 1848.
Marie-Louise (1791-1847). Daughter of Francis I of Austria; second wife (1810) of
Napoleon!.
Marivaux, Pierre (1688-1763). French playwright and novelist.
Marlitt. Pseudonym of Eugenic John (1825-1887), popular Gennan novelist, whose
works appeared in the review Die Gartenlaube.
Martin du Nord, M. (1790-1847). Liberal opponent of the July Monarchy in tl,e Cham­
ber of Deputies. His proposal for govenl1nent-fmanced railways in 1838 was voted
down.
Martin,John (1789-1854). English painter known for works of wild imaginative power,
like Belshazzars Feast (1821), rite Fall of Ninevah (1828), The Eve of the Deluge (1840).
Martinist. See Saint-Martin, Louis.
Maturin, Charles (1780-1824). Irish novelist and dramatist. Author of Meblloth the
Wanderer (1820) and other Gothic romances.
Mauclair, Camille (1872-1945). Author of works on literature, music, and painting,
including studies of Maeterlinck (1900), Baudelaire (1927), Heine (1930), Poe (1932),
Mallarme (1937).
Mayeux. Hunchbacked character of popular fa rce, appropriated by Travies in some 160
lithographs published in La Caricature and elsewhere. Described as a "priapic puppet;'
he personified the patriotic petty bourgeois.
McAdam, John (1756-1836). British engineer who introduced the system of building
roads of crushed stone, known as "macadamized" roads.