The Arcades Project - Operi

Jehuda Uudah) ben Halevy (ca. 1085-ca. 1140).Jewish poet and philosopher, born in
To ledo, Spain. Died on a pilgrimage toJerusalem.
Joel, Charlotte. Wife of ErnstJoCl, an old friend of Benjanain's from the youth movement
days and later a physician in Berlin, who supervised Benjamin's experiments with
hashish.
Joubert, Joseph (1754-1824). Thinker and moralist; associate of Diderot and
Chateaubriand. He took part in the first period of the Revolution as a justice of the
peace in his hometown, Montignac, but withdrew from politics in 1792. His Rmsees)
culled from his journals, were lirst published in 1838.
JoufIroy d'Abbans, marquis Claude (175 1-1832). Engineer. A pioneer in steam naviga·
tion.
Journal des debats politiques et littiraires. Daily newspaper founded in Paris in 1789.
Advocated views of the government during the July Monarchy.
Journet,Jean (1799-1861). Fourierist missionary and poet who gave up his pharmacy to
wander for over twenty years, with knapsack and simple garb, preaching a doctrine of
passional individualism. Photographed by Nadar.
Jugendstil. A style of architectural, figurative, and applied art that flourished in the last
decade of the nineteenth century and the early years of the twentieth. Connected with
Art Nouveau. In Germany, where it was known at first as the "modern style" and the
"decorative movement," it was led by August Endell and Henry van de Velde. Mter
1896, it was associated with the periodical Die Jugend (Youth). It played an important
part in exhibitions of applied art at Wassily Kandinsky's Phalanx society, beginning in
1901. It signified not only a crossing of the cultural ban-ier separating "higher" from
"lower" arts, but an educational movement intent on reslTUcturing the human environ­
ment.
Le Jui! errant (The WanderingJ ew). Novel by Eugene Sue, published 1844-1845.
Julian (Flavius Claudius Julianus, known as 'Julian the Apostate" ; 331-363). Roman
emperor and aucilOr.
Jullien, Louis (1812-1860). French composer and musical director.
July Days. See July Revolution.
July Ordinances. Issued by Charles X and his ultra ministers onJuly 26, 1830, these
ordinances dissolved the newly elected Chamber, restricted suffrage, and abolished
liberty of the press. AlUlUlled onJuly 30, one day before Louis Philippe and Lafayette,
wrapped in a tricolO1 embraced on the balcony of the Hotel de Ville, as the crowd
cheered.
July Revolution. To ok place July 27-29, 1830, against Charles X. Led to the proclama·
tion of Louis Philippe as "Citizen King" (July Monarchy) .
June Insurrection. The so·calledJune Days (June 23-26, 1848), when workers in Paris,
after the dissolution of the National Wo rkshops, were joined by students and artisans in
spontaneous demonstrations against the newly elected conservative majority. Sup­
pressed in bloody battles on the barricades.
Karr, Alphonse (1808-1890). Journalist and novelist; editor of Le Figaro (1839), and
founder of the satirical review Les Guepes. Author of Voyage autour de monjatdin (1845).
Kautsky, Karl (1854-1938). German socialist writer; secretary to Engels in London
(1881). Editor of Die neue Zeit (1883-1917). He opposed Bolshevism and the Russian
Revolution.
Keller, Gottfried (1819-1890). Swiss German·language poet and novelist, who published
his lirst poems in 1846. Author of De,. griine Heinndl (1854-1855), Martin Salander
(1886), and other works. Subject of all important essay of 1927 by BeIamin.
Kircher, Athanasius (1601-1680). GennanJesuit scholar who taught mathematics and