The Arcades Project - Operi

Grand Chatelet. Ancient fortress in Paris that served as both courthouse and prison.
Grandville. Pseudonym of Jean-Ignace-Isidore Gerard (1803-1847), caricaturist and illustrator
whose work appeared in the periodicals Le Charivari and La Caricature. Un
Autre Monde) with illustrations by Grandville and text by Ta xile Delord, editor of Le
Charivari) appeared in 1844.
Granier de Cassagnac, Adolphe (1808-1880). Journalist and ardent Bonapartist after
1850. Editor of Le Pays; author of Souvenirs du Second Empire (1879).
Grillparzer, Franz (1791-1872). Austrian playwright and poet.
grisette. Refers to a type of proletarian young woman in Pali.s who was associated with
such trades as seamstress, chambemlaid, or milliner, and whose behavior was suppos­
edly characterized by independence, loose morals, and a brash manner. The term
derives from the gray color of the material used for working-class clothing.
Gronow, Captain Rees Howell (1794-1865). English military officer. Fought at 'Water-
100, and went on to become a London dandy and gambler. Resided in Paris from the
late 1830s. Published four volumes of reminiscences (1861-1866).
Gropius, Karl Wilhelm (1783-1870). German architect who specialized in theater decor.
Opened a diorama in Berlin in 1827, with views of Greece and Italy.
Gros, Baron Antoine (1771-1835). French historical painter; studied under David,
whose classical theory he adopted.
Gron, Karl (1817-1887). German writer and publicist; follower of Feuerbach. Member
of the Pnlssian National Diet. Representative of "true socialism" in the 1840s.
Grilndetjahren. Refers to reckless financial speculation; specifically, four yeal's of such
speculation following the Franco-Prussian war of 1870-1871.
Guaita, Stanislas (1861-1897). Italian-born French poet and mystic, one-time associate
of Maurice Barres. Author of Les ac,eaux de passage (1881), La Muse noire (1883).
Gudin, Theodore (1802-1880). French painter of seascapes and landscapes.
Gullbert, Yvette (1868-1944). French singer.
Guillot, Adolphe (1836-1892). Member of dle Academie des Sciences Morales. Pub­
lished many works on sociology and on the city of Paris.
Guizot, Franois (1787-1874). Historian and statesman. Premier of France, 1840-1848;
forced out of office by the Revolution of 1848.
Gutzkow, Karl (1811-1878). German journalist, novelist, playwright. A leader, from
1830 to 1850, of Young Germany's revolt against Romanticism. Author of Die Ritter
von! Geiste (1850-1852), which initiated the modern German social novel.
Guys, Constantin (1802-1892). Dutch-born illustrator; won fame for sketches of Pari­
sian life during the Second Empire. His ink drawings alld watercolors are the subject of
Baudelaire's essay "Le Peintre de la vie moderne;'
HackHinder, Friedrich (1816-1877). German writer. Author of Dagllerreotypen (1842),
Namenlose Ge,rchidcten (1851), Verbotene Friiclcte (1876).
Halevy, Daniel (1872-1962). French -writer. Author of Essa! sur Ie mouvemen! ouvrier en
France (1901), La Vie de Frederic Nietzsche (1909), .Jules Michelet (1928).
Halevy, Leon (1802-1883). French Wl·iter. AUlhor of books on Jewish history, several
volumes of verse, and a few plays.
Halevy, Ludovic (1834-1908). Playwright and novelist, son ofUon Halevy. Among his
many works are La Belle Hilille (1864), Froufrou (1869), and MaJiage d'aJllour (1881).
He was Offenbach's most importal1t collaborator.
Hardekopf, Ferdinand (1876-1954). German expressionist poet and translator of
French -writers. Influenced by Jugendstil. Fli.end of Enuny Hennings in prewar Mu­
nich.
Hauser, Kaspar (1812?-1833). German foundling. Popularly believed to be of noble
birth, he died of stab wounds, which he said he received from a stranger promising