The Arcades Project - Operi

lections of folklore and popular tales, chivalric romances, political and philosophical
works in inexpensive formats, and, after 1840, serial novels. In decline by the mid-nine
teenth century, due to competiti.on from the poplllaT press.
Commune of Paris. Revolutionary government established in PaTis on March 18, 1871,
in the aftermath of the Franco-Prussian War. It was suppressed by Adolphe Thiers's
government in bloody street-fighting that ended May 28, 1871, leaving 20,000 Connnu­
nards dead.
Comte de Saint-Leu. Title assumed by Louis Bonaparte (1778-1846), brother of Napo­
leon Bonaparte and father of Napoleon III.
Conde, Le Grand (1621-1686). Louis II, prince de Conde, a member of the Bourbon
family who was a military leader under Louis XIv.
Conde, Louis HenriJoseph (1756-1830). Last prince of the Conde fantily, a branch of
the house of Bourbon. Wo unded at Gibraltar (1782). It is thought that he colnntitted
suicide.
Condorcet, marquis de (1743-1794). Philosopher, mathematician, and revolutionary.
Advocate of economic freedom, religious toleration, legal and educational reform.
Outlawed as a Girondist by Robespierre, he died in prison, Author of Esquisse d'un
tableau historique des j}rogres de l'esprit humain (1795).
Congress of To urs. Socialist party congress, at the end of 1920, marking a schism be­
tween partisans of the Second International and those of the Third International.
Considerant, Vietor (1809-1893). Disciple of Fourier and a leader of the j'ourierists after
183Z Author of Destinee sociale (1834). He tried to establish a phalansterian community
near Dallas, Texas (l855-1857).
Constant, Benjamin (1767-1830). Franco-Swiss novelist and liberal politician; associate
of the Schlegels and Madame de Stae!' Author of Adolj)/Ie (1816).
Le Cort.l·timtionnel_ Daily newspaper published in Paris 1815-1870. During the 1840s, it
was the organ of moderate Orleanists.
Coppee, Franois (1842-1908). Poet, playwright, novelist. A leading member of the
Parnassians.
Le Corsaire-Satan. Satirical newspaper issued in Paris 1844-1849. Its edit01; Lepoitevin
Saint-Ahne, had been a friend of Balzac. It published the work of Baudelaire, Nadar,
Banville, Murger, and others of their circle.
Courbet, Gustave (1819-1877). Leading French realist painter. Presided over the Com­
mittee of Hne Arts during the Commune (1871). He was imprisoned six months for
destroying the column in the Place Ve nd6me, and was condemned (1875) to pay for
restoration of the column.
Courier, Paul (1772-1825). French writer and political pamphleteer who was murdered.
Opponent of the clergy and the Restoration.
Cournot, Antoine (1801-1877). Economist and mathematician, who sought to apply the
calculus of probabilities to the solution of economic problems.
Court of Cassation. Established in 1790 as the highest court of appeals in the French
legal system. During the Second Empire, it tended to serve the interests of the bour­
geoisie, who had come to power under Louis Philippe, and thus represented a check on
the power of Napoleon III and Baron Haussmann,
Cousin Pons. Main character in Balzac's novel Le COl/sin pOJ/s (1847).
Cousin, Victor (1792-1867). French philosopher and statesman; leader of the Eclectic
schooL Author of PhilOJop/tie de Kallt (1842), omd Histoire generate de la jJhilosojJ/lie
(1863).
Crepet, Eugene (1827-1892). French man of letters. Edited Baudelaire's Oeuvres posthumes,
jJricedeeJ d'une notice biograjlhique (1887).