The Arcades Project - Operi

Carnot, Lazare (1753-1823). Statesman and military engineer. Member of the Committee
of Public Safety (1793) and the Directory (1795-1797); afterward served Napoleon
in various capacities. Author of works on mathematics and military strategy. See Ecole
Poly technique.
Carpocratians. Followers of the second-century Alexandrian Gnostic Carpocrates) who
preached the transmigration of the soul and the superlative humanity of Christ.
Carrel, Nicolas Armand (1800-1836).Journalist and liberal political leader; co-founder,
with 'DUers and Mignet, and editor (1830-1836) of Le Na tional. Killed by Emile de
Girardin in a dueL
Carus, Carl Gustav (1789-1869). German physician and philosopher; follower of
Schelling.
Casanova, Giovanni (1725-1798). Italian adventurer and writer; author rf Mblloires
eaits !Jar lu;-meme (12 vols., 1826-1838).
Castellane, Victor Boniface (1788-1862). French politician who participated in military
campaigns under Napoleon 1. Was made a peer in 1837, and senator and marechal in
1852.
Castlereagh, Robert Stewart (1769-1822). English statesman. Fought a duel with his
rival George Canning in 1809.
Castles. An English government spy.
Catiline. Full name Lucius Sergius Catalina (108-62 B.C.), Roman aristocrat who conspired
unsuccessfully to overthrow Cicero's government in 63-62 B.C. He was supported
in Rome by debtors and discontented young patricians. Killed in battle.
Caussidiere, Marc (1808-1861). Organizer of secret revolutionary societies under Louis
Philippe. Prefect of Paris police aiter February Revolution (18'18). He emigTated to
England inJunc 1848.
Cavaignac, Louis (1802-1857). French army commander. As minister of war, he suppressed
the Paris uprising in 1848. Unsuccessful candidate for president of France in
December 1848.
Cazotte,Jacques (1719-1792). Author of L{ Diable amoureux (1772) and of a continuation
of the TllOuJalld aJ1d Due Nights. Guillotined as a Royalist in 1792.
Celine, Louis-Ferdinand. Pseudonym of Louis Destouches (1894-1961), French physician
and novelist; fanatical anti-Semite. Author of the highly influential Voyage all bout
de la nuit (1932) and Mort a midit (1936).
Cham. Pseudonym of comte Amedee de Noe (1819-1879), French caricaturist.
Champl1eury. Pseudonym of Jules Husson (1821-1889), novelist, critic; friend of
Baudelaire. Author of Le R