The Arcades Project - Operi

Buchez, Philippe (1796-1865). French Saint-Simonian; politician and historian. He was
a founder of Christian socialism and president of the Constitutional Assembly (May
1848). Editor of DAtelie,. (1840-1850).
Buchner, Georg (1813-1837). Gennan poet. Author of the dramatic poem Dantons Tad
(1835), the satire Leonee und Lena (1836), and the fragmentary tragedy Woyzeck (1836).
Bugeaud de 1a Piconnerie, Thomas (1784-1849). French soldier. Was made marshal of
France in 1843.
Bulwer-Lytton, E. G. (1803-1873). English novelist and dramatist. Author of 'lite Last
Days qfPompeii (1834).
Buonarroti, Filippo (1761-1837). Italian-bom elder statesman of French radicalism in
the 18205 and 18305. He was a member, with Louis-Auguste Blanqui, of the Society of
Friends of the People in 1832, and leader of the Babeuvistes (after Babeuf), who
advocated the revolutionary political role of education.
Buret, Antoine (1810-1842). French joumalist who wrote on the poverty ofthe working
classes.
Cabet, Etienne (1788-1856). French political radical, involved in the revolution of 1830.
Exiled 1834-1839 for radical writings. Influenced by Robert Owen, he founded a
utopian COIIUllunity called karia at Nauvoo, Illinois, in 1849, but withdrew in 1856
after dissension. Author of the socialist romance Voyage en Ieane (1839).
Cacus. Fire-breathing monster, a son of Vulcan. He lives in a cave on the Aventine hill,
where he is killed by Hercules (Aeneid, book 8).
Cagliostro, Count Alessandro di. Real name Giuseppe Balsamo (1743-1795); Italian
impostor. Born of poor parents, he traveled widely in Europe, posing as physician,
alchemist, freemason.
Caillois, Roger (1913-1978). French writer who founded the College de Sociologic in
1937, together with Georges Bataille and Michel Leiris. Benjamin occasionally attended
events there.
Calonne, Charles (1734-1802). Minister of finance under Louis XVI; in exile 1787-
1802. He was a builder of roads and canals in the years before the Revolution.
Campanella, Tommaso (1568-1639). Italian philosopher. Author of Civitas Solis (City
of the Sun; 1623), 'Written during a long imprisorunent and describing a utopian state
similar to the one in Plato's Republic.
Candolle, Augustin (1778-1841). Swiss botanist; moved to Paris in 1796. Established a
structural system of plant classification that replaced that of Linnaeus. Professor of
natural science at Geneva (1816-1834).
Canning, George (1770-1827). British statesman. Pursued vigorous war policy (1807-
1810).
Canova, Antonio (1757-1822). Italian neoclassical sculptor.
Capua. Strategically important ancient Roman city on the Appian Way, near Naples .
Capus, Alfred (1858-1922). French joumalist and playwright; political editor of Le
Figaro 1914-1922. His plays include La Veine (1901) and Les Deux Hommes (1908).
Carbonado Italian revolutionary group organized around 1811 to establish a united
republican Italy; named in honor of old conspirators who used to meet in huts of
charcoal burners. French CaTbonarism (Charbonnerie), di1"ected against the Bourbon
Restoration, was initiated in 1820 by several young republican militants, and spread
with great secrecy through the schools of Paris into other towns.
Carcel, Bertrand (1750-1812). French clockmaker who, around 1800, invented the
Carcel lamp, in which oil is pumped by clockwork into the wick tube.
Cardanus, Girolamo (1501-1576). Italian mathematician, physician, and astrologer.
Caljat, Etienne (1828-1906). One of the greatest of the early photographers. Photo­
gTaphed Baudelaire.