The Arcades Project - Operi

tion and was minister of war in the Provisional Goven11llent (1848). Opponent of
Napoleon III.
Arago, Jacques (1790-1855). Brother of Franc;ois Arago; traveler, novelist, and playwright.
Aragon, Louis (1897-1982). Novelist, poet, essayist; a leader of the Dadaists and later of
the Surrealists. Author of Feu dejoie (1920), Une Vague de reves (1924), Le Paysan de
Paris (1926), Les v,;yages de I'Imperiale (1940).
Argand, Aime (1755-1803). Swiss physicist; inventor of a highly effective oil lamp.
Artois, comte d'. Title granted (1757) by Louis XV of France to his grandson, later
Charles X.
Assassins. Islamic sect of the eleventh to thirteenth centuries that considered the murder
of its enemies a religious duty.
Asselineau, Charles (1820-1874). French critic and bibliophile. Close friend and later
editor and biographer of Baudelaire, who reviewed his collection of short stories, La
Double Vie, in 1859.
Atala (1860). Fragmentary epic by Chateaubriand. Set in Louisiana in the eighteenth
century and dealing with the lives of American Indians, it is said to mark the beginning
of dle Romantic movement in French literature.
EAtelier. A monthly of French artisans and workers, influenced by Christian socialism,
and committed to a moderate line. Published in Paris 1840 to 1850. It was subtitled
Organe special de la dasse laban"euse redige par des auvriers exdusivement.
Auber, Daniel-Franc;ois-Esprit (1782-1871). Regarded as the founder of French grand
opera, he collaborated with Eugene Scribe on thirtyeight stage works between 1823
and 1864. Chapel master to Napoleon III.
Aubert, Gabriel (1787-1847). Former notary who, for many decades, operated a very
successful print shop at 15 Galerie vero·Dodat. Published the greater part of Daumier's
works.
Aubert,Jacqeust (d. 1753). French violinist and composer of operas, sonatas, ballets.
Aupick,Jacques (1789-1857). Soldier, ambassador, senator; stamped out the insurrec
tion organized by Blanqui in Paris in 1839. He was stepfather to Baudelaire, who
turned against him,
Austerlitz. Town in southern Czechoslovakia where, on December 2, 1805, Napoleon
decisively defeated the Russian and Austrian armies of Czar Alexander I and Emperor
Francis II.
Arms, Pierre-Hyaciuthe (1766-1845). French philosopher. In his Systeme universe! (1800-
1818), he developed a theory of forces and of "universal equilibrium."
Babeuf, Franc;ois (1760-1797). Agitator and journalist during the French Revolution,
advocating equal distribution of land and income, He organized a conspiracy to overthrow
the Directory and return to the constitution of 1793; stabbed himself before
being summoned to the guillotine, Author of a manifesto on social equality (1796).
Babou, Hippolyte (1824-1878). Critic and novelist, friend of Baudelaire.
Baby Cadum. Puhlicity. From the rosy-faced image ofB"b" Cadum, symbol launched in
France in 1912 for the popular Cadum soap.
Babylone. Neighborhood of Paris (today SevTe-Babylone).
Bachofen, Johann (1815-1887). Swiss anthropologist and jurist. Author of works on
Roman civil law and of Das Mutterrech! (1861), the first scientific history of the family
as a social institution.
Bailly, Jean (1736-1793). French scholar and politician. As mayor of Paris (1789), he
imposed martial law and called up the Garde Nationale to keep order (1791); lost
popularity and was guillotined.