The Arcades Project - Operi

aid of two other young republicans. It utilized classical conspiratorial techniques to
form a tightly disciplined and hierarchical organization. Three years earlier, Blanqui
had founded its predecessor, the secret revolutionary Societe des Familles, and in
1832 he had been a member of the republican Societe des Anns du Peuple, which
espoused a Saint-Simonian doctrine,
6, In the aftermath of theJuly Revolution, the ministers of Charles X were arrested and,
in December, put on trial. Throughout the trial, troops of the Gal'de Nationale, led by
the marquis de Lafayette, were required to control the crowds who gathered in the
streets to demand the death sentence for the ministers, The latter were sentenced to
life imprisonment on December 24, 1830, but they were all granted anmesty in 1836.
7. Victor Hugo, Les Miserables, trans. Charles E. Wilbour (1862; rpt. New York: Mod­
em Library, 1992), p. 732 ("Facts from which History Springs, and which History
Ignores").
8. Ibid., p. 730.
9. Fifth month (January 20-February 18) ofthe French revolutionary calendru; adopted
in October 1793 by the First Republic.
10, This question from the catechism of neophyte revolutionaries of the Societe des
Familles-a question that was presented in evidence at the trial ofBlanqui and other
members of the organization in 1836-was answered: "One must make a social revo­
lution," See Alan B. Spitzer, The Revolutionary Theon'es o/Louis Auguste Blanqui (1957;
rpt. New York: AMS Press, 1970), pp. 90, 92. Marx, too, calls for a social revolution.
11, Compagnon actually derives from the Old French word compaignon, which in tum
comes from the Vulgar Latin companio (com, "with" +- panis, "bread"), The word,
meaning originally "one who eats bread with another;' is unrelated to compas, " com­
pass,"
12. Related to the English word "vent," an obsolete term for liS ale;' "hostelry;' The
rrench word vente may have originally referred to a stand of timber.
13. Baudelaire as a Literary Critic, tTans. Lois Boe Hyslop and Francis E. Hyslop, Jr.
(University Park: Pennsylvartia State University Press, 1964), p. 356.
14. Marx, The Eighteenth Brumaire 0/ Louis Bonaparte, trans, anonymous (New York:
International Publishers, 1963), p. 75. The Society of the Tenth of December was
founded by Louis Napoleon in 1849 (as Marx writes in the sentence inllnediately
preceding), on the pretext of establishing a charitable association (see V6,3). Napo­
leon was elected president of the republic on December 10, 1848,
W [Fourier]
1. ChaJ:ies Fourier, Harrnonian Man: Selected Tfhtings q/ Charles Foun'er, ed, Mark Poster
(New Yo rk: Anchor, 1971), p. 151 (trans. Susan Hanson).
2. Alphonse To ussene1, Passional Zoolo!!)'; OJ Spirit 0/ the Beasts, trans. M. Edgeworth
Lazams (New York: Fowlers and Wells, 1852), pp. 293, 289-290, 347-348.
3. Friedrich Engels, "Socialism: Utopian and Scientific;' in Karl Marx and Friedrich
Engels, Basic Writings on Politics and Philosophy, ed. Lewis S. Feuer (New York: An­
chor, 1959), p. 76 (trans. Edward Aveling) .
4. Heinrich Heine, French Affairs: Letten .from Paris, trans. Charles Godfrey Leland
(New York: Dutton, 1906), p. 460.
5. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, Collected Works, vol. 5 (New York: International
Publishers, 1976), pp. 512-514 (The German Ideology, vol. 2, trans. C. P. Magill) .
6. "Sullied also are those who buy from merchants in order immediately to sell; for they
gain nothing unless they employ many deceptions, And ) in truth, nothing is more