Tausug Reader - Dunwoody Press Tausugs' Beliefs in the

Tausug Reader
Wilma A. Amil
Nurlyn M. Jupackal
Fahkriemar H. Limpasan
Perla S. Ledesma
Edited by: R. David Zorc
2011

Tausug Reader
Copyright © 2011 by AECOM, Inc.
All rights reserved.
No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by
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Dunwoody Press
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ISBN: 978-1-931546-82-9
Library of Congress Control Number: 2011921535
Printed and bound in the United States of America

Table of Contents
Preface................................................................................................................. i
Abbreviations .................................................................................................... ii
Complex Sound Changes. ............................................................................... vi
A Note On Tausug Uniques. .........................................................................viii
A Note On Spanish Loanwords. .................................................................... ix
Bibliography. ..................................................................................................... x
Selections
Selection 1. In Jaga Pitaka’ .............................................................................. 1
Selection 2. Pagsa’bu sin Pamarinta ha Sūg .................................................... 5
Selection 3. Graduation ha Jolo ....................................................................... 7
Selection 4. Isturi hi Toto’ ................................................................................ 9
Selection 5. In Pangalay Festival ha Jolo ....................................................... 11
Selection 6. In Manga Piyagbiddaan sin Mawmaas iban sin
Manga Anak Nila ....................................................................... 13
Selection 7. Hambuuk Panglaggui ha Manga Naghihinang ha Guwa’
Hula’ ........................................................................................... 15
Selection 8. Dūyan .......................................................................................... 17
Selection 9. Būd Kaha’ ................................................................................... 19
Selection 10. Panayam: Red Alert 2 ................................................................ 21
Selection 11. Pag’anad Biya’-diin Magparāgan Motor ................................... 24
Selection 12. In Ba’gu Capitol Site .................................................................. 26
Selection 13. Manga Ginisan Pangahagad ha Bulākaw .................................. 28
Selection 14. In Baya’ Mapinda ....................................................................... 30
Selection 15. Kabuhi’ sin Hambuuk Bata’ Iskul Naghihinang ....................... 32
Selection 16. Ha Museum ................................................................................ 35
Selection 17. Manga Sasakatan Lupa’ ha Tiyanggi ........................................ 37
Selection 18. Manga Timpu ha Philippines ..................................................... 39
Selection 19. In Niyug ...................................................................................... 41
Selection 20. Manga Pangahagad sin manga Tausūg ha Mantiyanak ............ 43
Selection 21. Manga Usu Ba’gu ha Manga Drama sin Pilipinas .................... 45
Selection 22. In Halga’ sin Manga Duwaa ...................................................... 47
Selection 23. Usaha Tinda-tinda ...................................................................... 49
Selection 24. Ungsud, Lawng sin Code of Muslim Personal Laws of the
Philippines .................................................................................. 51
Selection 25. Adlaw Pagpuasa sin Hambuuk Muslim..................................... 53
Selection 26. Manga Ipatan .............................................................................. 55
Selection 27. Kabuhianan sin manga Tausūg ha Kagimbahan ....................... 57
Selection 28. In Gaddung Panghiyanum Ha Lupa’ Sūg .................................. 59
Selection 29. Pagtanum ha Taykud Bāy .......................................................... 61
Selection 30. In Pagtagama sin Pagkaun ......................................................... 63
Selection 31. In Takwim sin Tausūg: Manga Adlaw Iban Manga Bulan ....... 65
Selection 32. Manga Banda Rock .................................................................... 68

Selection 33. Gun Ban ...................................................................................... 70
Selection 34. Madrasa: Hambuuk Iskul sin Islam ........................................... 72
Selection 35. In Computer ha Bihaun .............................................................. 74
Selection 36. Balat ............................................................................................ 76
Selection 37. In Pagdatung sin manga Barang Technology ............................ 78
Selection 38. Anak sin Sundalu ....................................................................... 80
Selection 39. Biya’-diin Magpanayam Patsa ................................................... 83
Selection 40. Bāy amu in Nagdarā Sukud ....................................................... 86
Selection 41. In Manga Pangaddatan sin Tausūg ha Manga Bata’-Bata’
Ba’gu Piyag’anak ....................................................................... 88
Selection 42. Manga Pakukus .......................................................................... 90
Selection 43. Pagbuhat ..................................................................................... 92
Selection 44. Foreign Policies .......................................................................... 94
Selection 45. In Kahālan sin Pagboto .............................................................. 96
Selection 46. Manga Call Center ..................................................................... 98
Selection 47. Manga Langgit ha Manga Bata’-Bata’ .................................... 100
Selection 48. Sakit Manuk ............................................................................. 102
Selection 49. Unu in Cell Phone pa Kabuhi’ Natu’ ...................................... 104
Selection 50. Katān Pasal Lunag .................................................................... 106
Selection 51. Pag’ubat ha Panghinang-hinang .............................................. 108
Selection 52. Kasambuhan ha Lupa’ Sūg ...................................................... 110
Selection 53. Paghinang Pambut .................................................................... 112
Selection 54. Jīn hi Apu’ Ku .......................................................................... 114
Selection 55. Pagmundu ha Video ................................................................. 116
Selection 56. Pag’iskul Nursing ..................................................................... 118
Selection 57. Tiyapuk sin Kukuk ................................................................... 120
Selection 58. Manga Bāy ha Kagimbahan ..................................................... 122
Selection 59. Kamatay .................................................................................... 124
Selection 60. Manga Ingat-kapandayan sin Kamaasan ................................. 126
Selection 61. Pagkawin Tausūg ..................................................................... 128
Selection 62. Manga Adlaw sin Haylaya ....................................................... 131
Selection 63. In manga Pali-palihan Sin Kamaasan Natu’ ............................ 133
Selection 64. In Tuman Maana sin Jihad ha Dān sin Allah .......................... 135
Selection 65. Paghindu’ Mathematics ha manga Bata’-Bata’ ....................... 137
Selection 66. In Pangaddatan sin Tausūg ...................................................... 141
Translations
Selection 1. The Wallet Guard ..................................................................... 145
Selection 2. Celebration of Sulu Governance .............................................. 145
Selection 3. Graduation in Jolo .................................................................... 146
Selection 4. Story of Toto’ ........................................................................... 146
Selection 5. The Pangalay Festival in Jolo .................................................. 147
Selection 6. The Differences between Parents and Their Children ............. 147
Selection 7. A Tribute To Overseas Workers .............................................. 148
Selection 8. Durian ....................................................................................... 149

Selection 9. Mount Kaha' ............................................................................. 149
Selection 10. The Computer Game: Red Alert 2 ........................................... 150
Selection 11. Learning How to Drive a Motorcycle ...................................... 151
Selection 12. The New Capitol Site ............................................................... 151
Selection 13. The Variety of Beliefs in the Shooting Star ............................. 152
Selection 14. The Desire to Change ............................................................... 153
Selection 15. Life of a Working Student ....................................................... 153
Selection 16. At the Museum ......................................................................... 154
Selection 17. Land Transportation in Jolo ..................................................... 154
Selection 18. Seasons in the Philippines ........................................................ 155
Selection 19. The Coconut Palm .................................................................... 156
Selection 20. Tausugs’ Beliefs in the Mantiyanak ........................................ 156
Selection 21. New Trends in Philippine Soap Operas ................................... 157
Selection 22. The Value of Prayer ................................................................. 157
Selection 23. The Sari-Sari Store Business.................................................... 158
Selection 24. Dower, According to the Code of Muslim Personal
Laws of the Philippines ............................................................ 159
Selection 25. A Muslim’s Day of Fasting ...................................................... 159
Selection 26. Pets ............................................................................................ 160
Selection 27. Livelihood of the Tausugs in the Hinterland ........................... 161
Selection 28. The Verdant Vegetation in Sulu .............................................. 161
Selection 29. Backyard Gardening ................................................................. 162
Selection 30. Food Preparation ...................................................................... 163
Selection 31. The Tausug Calendar: Days and Months ................................ 163
Selection 32. Rock Bands ............................................................................... 165
Selection 33. Gun Ban .................................................................................... 165
Selection 34. Madrasa — An Islamic School ................................................ 166
Selection 35. The Computer Nowadays ........................................................ 167
Selection 36. Leather ...................................................................................... 168
Selection 37. The Influx of Technological Products ..................................... 168
Selection 38. The Child of a Soldier .............................................................. 169
Selection 39. How to Play Patsa .................................................................... 170
Selection 40. A House That Brings Luck ...................................................... 171
Selection 41. Tausug Practices for Newly-Born Babies ............................... 172
Selection 42. Bladed Weapons ....................................................................... 173
Selection 43. Customary Binding of the Abdomen of a Pregnant Woman .. 173
Selection 44. Foreign Policies ........................................................................ 174
Selection 45. Election Issues .......................................................................... 175
Selection 46. Call Centers .............................................................................. 175
Selection 47. Vaccines for Young Children .................................................. 176
Selection 48. Avian Influenza ........................................................................ 177
Selection 49. What the Cell Phone Is in Our Lives ....................................... 177
Selection 50. All About Stress ....................................................................... 178
Selection 51. Curing by Black Magic ............................................................ 179
Selection 52. Development in the Province of Sulu ...................................... 179
Selection 53. Pump-Boat Making .................................................................. 180

Selection 54. My Grandmother's Genie ......................................................... 181
Selection 55. Video Piracy ............................................................................. 181
Selection 56. Studying Nursing ...................................................................... 182
Selection 57. Hidden by a Kukuk ................................................................... 183
Selection 58. Houses in the Rural Areas ........................................................ 184
Selection 59. Death ......................................................................................... 185
Selection 60. Skills of the Elders ................................................................... 185
Selection 61. Tausug Wedding ...................................................................... 186
Selection 62. Religious Festival Days ............................................................ 187
Selection 63. The Superstitions of Our Elders ............................................... 188
Selection 64. The True Meaning of Jihad in the Way of Allah ..................... 188
Selection 65. Teaching Mathematics to Children .......................................... 189
Selection 66. The Personality of the Tausug ................................................. 191
Glossary .................................................................................................... 195

Preface
This reader is designed to provide an intermediate student of Tausug with a
broad selection of authentic articles together with all necessary lexical and
grammatical information to decipher them.
The selections are rated between levels 2 to 3 plus according to the
standards defined by the Interagency Language Roundtable (ILR) or
American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages (ACTFL).
These selections can also be used productively to supplement or lead into
Intensive Tausug: A Pedagogical Grammar of the Language Of Jolo,
Philippines by Carl R. Galvez Rubino (published by Dunwoody Press in
2006; revised edition forthcoming).
The selections are original creations by three authors. Every effort has been
made to offer the widest range of genres for different settings: Culture and
Society, Politics, Economics, Local History, Science and Technology,
Defense, Geography, and the Environment. The selections have not been
changed or abbreviated from their originals, and great care has been made
to correspond them exactly to the recordings (available separately).
The first part of this book contains the sixty-six selections with individual
vocabularies. Words are entered in the order of their first appearance.
Please note that the glosses are purposely literal, especially for verbs, since
the three passive voices are idiosyncratic to Philippine languages. The
standard idiomatic or free rendition of these verbs in English will be found
in each respective translation. Once glossed, a word will not be re-glossed
unless there is a substantial change in its meaning. Note also that words
appearing in the Tausug-English Dictionary: Kabtangan Iban Maana
(1994 edition) by Irene U. Hassan, Seymour A. Ashley, and Mary L.
Ashley are generally not glossed herein.
The second part of this book consists of the translations of each selection.
For the most part, they are free and rendered in standard American English.
The third and final part of this book is an overall glossary in alphabetical
order, representing a compilation of all individual vocabularies.
i

Abbreviations
’ — glottal stop
~ — or
abr — abbreviation
abs — abstract noun
adj — adjective
adv — adverb
art — an article; See: cm
atr — attributive, used in a modifying function, but not a true adjective
Bis — a Bisayan (ambiguously Cebuano or Hiligaynon) loanword
body — name of a part of the body (human or animal)
card — cardinal numeral (e.g., one, two, ten, sixty)
Ceb — Cebuano loanword
Cf: — confer with
Chav — Chavacano loanword
circum — circumfix
cm — case marker [ ~ "art"]
cmp — compound (two words strung together as a complete unit)
col — collective noun "the combination of all X's"
comp — comparative (used in comparing one thing against another)
CSLI — Center for the Study of Language and Information
curse — a curse, insult, or condemnation hurled at someone
date — date (i.e., day of the week, month of the year)
dial — dialect
dim — diminutive
direction — a specific form of location word (e.g., north, south, east, west,
etc.)
dist — distributive verb (inflected with mang-, nang-, or pang-)
dist loc — distritutive verb (inflected with mang- -an, pang- -an)
dp — discourse particle
enum — enumerative (a noun that functions like a numeral)
exis — existential predicate: There is, has, having
exis poss — existential possessive
expr — expression (three or more words strung together expressing a single
idea) [Contrast: phr]
ext — an extended meaning
fem — female, feminine, referring to a woman
Hil — Hiligaynon or Ilonggo loanword
idiom — a word or group of words that functions as a single idea, not
readily understandable outside of the culture
imp — imperative or command form of the verb
inch — inchoative verb (denoting becoming more so)
indef — an indefinite form
inf — infinitive form of the verb (to VERB)
ii

instr — instrumental focus, the object is moving away from the speaker or
is an instrument used in performing the action (inflected with hi-,
hika-, hipag-, kiya-, etc.)
intens — intensive or "very" much so
intj — interjection or exlamation
intr — intransitive verb (one that does not take a direct object)
kin — a kin term (related by blood or by marriage)
lit — literal meaning; literally
loc — a location (marked with ha); locative focus (inflected with -an, -i)
masc — male, masculine, referring to a man
meteo — meteorological word (expressing weather conditions, e.g., rain,
windy, monsoon, typhoon, etc.)
Mex — Mexican Spanish
n — noun
n cmp idiom — compound noun that does not mean what its elements
imply
n cmp poss — a noun compounded with a possessive pronoun
n cmp time — a noun compound that expresses some temporal dimension
or relationship
n loc — a noun formed with the locative suffix -an or any noun referring
specifically to some place or geographic location
n phr — noun phrase
n pl — a noun in its plural form
n, adj — noun also functioning attributively (i.e., as an adjective)
n, v — a noun stem that also functions as a verb stem (having the same
overall meaning in English, e.g., ulan "rain")
neg — a negative word "no; not; don't!; never"
neg adj phr — an attributive phrase that functions like an adjective
neg exis — a negative existential "none; there is none"
neg expr — a combination of 3 or more words expressing a single idea
neg intj — a negative interjection
neg preverb — a negative preverb
neg pro — a negative plus a pronoun
num — numeral, number
num adv — adverbial use of a numeral (e.g., secondly, by the hundreds, ten
each, three times [multiplicative])
num cmp — numeral compound, a number composed of two or more parts
num prf — a prefix used with numeral stems
obl — an oblique form (i.e., in the locative) [Case 3]
ord — ordinal numeral (e.g., first, second, tenth, sixtieth)
orig — originally
pass — passive or object focus verb (inflected with -a, -hun, -un, etc.)
past — past tense form (sometimes called perfect or perfective)
pejor — pejorative, rude, crude ~ negative term or expression
phr — phrase (three or more words that form a complex idea or function as
a single part of speech) [Contrast: cmp, expr]
iii

pl — plural form or marker
pn — personal name ~ proper noun
pn loc — name of a geographic location: town, city, province, country, etc.
poss — possessive [Case 2]
pot — potential or potentive mood "can, able to; could;" also denotes an
accidental ~ coincidental action, e.g., "happened to VERB," also nonvolitional
causation
prep — a prepositional element (a noun functioning like a preposition in
English)
pres — present tense form, usually formed with CV- reduplication
preverb — a preverb (a form that comes before and governs another verb as
part of an entire verb phrase)
prf — prefix
pro — pronoun
pro indef — an indefinite pronoun
pro obl — an oblique pronoun
pro phr — pronoun phrase
pro poss — a possessive pronoun
pro redup — a reduplicated pronoun
proverb — proverb
proverb idiom — a proverb with a highly idiomatic meaning
qw — an interrogative or question word
qw cmp — a question composed of two words or created by compounding,
e.g., bukun ka "isn't it so?"
qw expr — a question composed of three or more words
qw loc — a question asking about place, position, or location
qw phr — a question composed of three or more words
qw pn — a question word asking about a personal name or proper noun
qw time — a question word asking about time
qw v — a question word functioning as a verb
recip — reciprocal noun, pronoun, or verb implying "each other," "one
another" (subject and object interact)
redup — any word that is repeated or reflects reduplication of its root or
stem
redup x — a word that appears to be a reduplication but bears little or no
connection to any root
relig — a word relating to religion or supernatural beliefs (including terms
reflecting pre-Islamic animism)
rw —root word
See: — see the word or example cited
sg — singular form or marker, referring to one entity
SIL — Summer Institute of Linguistics
SIPL — Studies in Philippine Linguistics
soc — social or ethnological label
sp — a species of animal or plant
Span — Spanish loanword, probably through Chavacano
iv

st — stative (reflecting some physical feeling, state, or emotion)
st atr — a stative-attributive form
suf — suffix
sup — superlative adjective, "most" ~ "greatest"
syn — synonym, form with the same or a similar meaning
tag — the form of a question that assumes an answer, e.g., isn't it so?
Tag — Tagalog loanword
time — temporal implication, time expression
tr — transitive verb (one that takes a direct object)
Tsg — Tausug
typo — a typographical error or possible misspelling
v — verb
v dist pres — distributive verb in the present tense (nangCV-)
v loc — locative verb (inflected with the -an or -i suffixes)
v root — verb root
v st — stative verb
v st loc — stative verb inflected with ka- -an forms
var — variant of
var spel: — variant spelling, an alternate way of spelling the word
vn — verbal noun (usually marked with prefix pag-)
vn prf — verbal noun ~ gerund prefix
v

Complex Sound Changes
There are five important sound changes (i.e., morphophonemic changes
by linguists) which may prove difficult for some students of this language.
It is important to understand that some words change quite drastically from
their root form, and the student will not readily find such words in a
dictionary where words are listed under their root, rather than in
alphabetical order.
Before five consonants, the mangCV- prefix actually takes the shape of
mangVng-, while with mang- and pang-, the first consonant of the root is
lost.
*B*
hipamāk "meet" < bāk + hipang-
mamimī "buyer" < bī + mangCV-
mamomoto "voter" < boto + mangCV-
mamumunu’ "killer, murderer" < bunu’ + mangCV-
*K*
mangangalang "singer" < kalang + mangCV-
mangingita’ "fortune-teller, seer" < kita’+ mangCV-
mangungugut "extortionist" < kugut "extort" + mangCV-
mangunguut "pickpocket" < kuut + mangCV-
nangungura' "riding a horse" < kura' + nangCV-
*P*
mamula "blush, turn red: < pula + mang-
namudji "praised, glorified" < pudji + nang-
pamalihala' "taking care" < palihala’ + pang-
*S*
mananasal "smith" < sasal + mangCV-
maniniyul "one who fishes with a fine net" < siyul + mangCV-
*T*
mananahi’ "seamstress, tailor" < tahi’+ mangCV-
mananawal "medicine man" < tawal+ mangCV-
The prefixes mang-, mangCV-, and pang- appear unchanged before all
vowels and two consonants /h/ and /l/. See Rubino 2006:121 from which
several of these examples are taken.
*A*
mangasubu "ask" < asubu + mang-
mangatubang "face each other" < atubang + mang-
panganud "cloud" < anud + pang-
pangandul "trust, confidence" < andul + pang-
*I*
mangihi’ "urinate" < ihi’ + mang-
vi

mangingista’ "fisherman" < ista’ + mangCV-
mangiklug "lay an egg" < iklug "egg" + mang-
mangiban "accompany" < iban + mang-
*U*
mangungubat "shaman, medicine man" < ubat + mangCV-
mangungudju’ "mocker" < udju’ + mangCV-
mangungutang "debtor, borrower" < utang + mangCV-
pangukabi "opening" < ukab + pang- -i
*D*
mangdāg "climb" < dāg + mang-
makapangdā’dā’ "offend, hurt s.o.'s feelings" < dā’dā’ + makapang-
nangda’gan "pressed down on s.t." < da’gan + nang-
pangdakup "elopement" < dakup + pang-
*G*
panggaga "discipline, control" < gaga + pang-
manggalit "shout" < galit + mang-
nanggubat "attacked" < gubat + nang-
*J*
mangjawab "answer" < jawab + mang-
mangjahulaka' "maltreat s.o." < jahulaka' + mang-
mangjiyara "kiss the hand of one's elders on a feast day (as a sign of
respect" < jiyara + mang-
EXCEPTION:
manjari "can, able to" < jari + mang- [Var mangjari]
*H*
manghabun "ambush, overwhelm" < habun + mang-
manghaplas "bathe, take a sponge bath" < haplas + mang-
manghihindu’ "instructor, teacher" < hindu’ + mangCV-
manghuhukum "judge" < hukum + mangCV-
*L*
manglalanggal "violator" < langgal + mangCV-
manglalappas "redeemer" < lappas + mangCV-
manglulunggu’ "terrorists" < lunggu’ + mangCV-
panglaggui "tribute" < laggu’ + pang- -i
The Months of the Year
Note that the names of the months of the year in Tausug are adopted
Islamic terms, not Spanish (as is the case in the vast majority of Philippine
languages). Throughout this Reader, when a Western date is referred to (as
an American or Christian Filipino would recognize them), an English word
is used:
January, February, March, April, May, June, July,
August, September, October, November, December
vii

The Islamic names have religious signficance:
Muharram — first month (having thirty days)
Sappal, Shafar, Syafar — second month
Rabiyul — quasi-prefix or compound word used on the third ~
fourth months [Arabic "spring"]
Rabiyul Awal, Rabi Al Awal — third month
Rabiyul Ahil, Rabi Al Ahil — fourth month
Ahil — (quasi-suffix or last compound word used on the fourth
and sixth months)
Jumadil Awal, Jumadir Awal — fifth month
Jumadil — (quasi-prefix or first compound word on the fifth
and sixth months)
Jumadil Ahil, Jumadil Ahir — sixth month
Rajab — seventh month
Sa’ban — eighth month (having 29 days)
Ramadan, Ramadhan — Ramadhan, the fasting month (ninth
month, having 29 or 30 days)
Sawwal, Shawwal — tenth month (having 29 days)
Julkaidda, Julka’idda — eleventh month
Julhadji’, Julhajji’ — twelfth month
A Note On Tausug Uniques
While Tausug is a language within the Bisayan family (most closely related
to Butuan), it has at least a dozen unique forms that distinguish it from
Bisayan dialects and also from all other Philippine languages.
Tausug English Bisayan (usual)
amuin which, who, that amu (ang)
[Subordinates what follows to that
which precedes]
atawa or Span u / o
awn (aun) there is may / igwa
bayá’ + ma- like, want -ruyag
huun yes huu
iban and kag
kagunahan must; need kinahanglan
kaingatan know hibadu, sayud
kawhaan [+Ceb dial] twenty (20) kaduhaan, Span baynte
manjari can, able mahímu'
sagwa’ (sagua’) but apang, Span pero
sīn money pirak, Span kwarta
subay should dapat
viii

A Note On Spanish Loanwords
Tausug, unlike its Bisayan and other Philippine relatives, shows its greatest
influence from the Samal language family, e.g., Samal, Yakan, and also
from direct contact with Indonesian and/or Malay. There is no evidence for
any direct influence from the Spanish, because the Tausugs staunchly
resisted all invaders, both Spanish and American. However, the Tausug-
English Dictionary erroneously attributes what are essentially Spanish
loans to Tagalog, whereas the provenance of such borrowings is most likely
to be from trade and contact with the nearby Chavacano (a Spanish and
Asturian creole language).
Tausug English Spanish
āmu employer, boss amo "master, boss"
bayla dance bailar
bisita visitor, guest visita
būla ball bola
dipindi depend (on ~ upon) depender
duru strengthen, grow stronger duro "hard, tough,
strong"
kampu base, field campo "countryside"
kāru-kāru carts carro
lamisahan table la mesa "the table"
mantakilya jam, jelly, margarine mantequilla "butter"
pamilya family familia
pasyal stroll, walk; visit pasear
prublima problem problema
pusti post poste
sini movie cine "cinema, theater"
tambutsu muffler, exhaust pipe tambucho "escape
hatch"
tarabahu work trabajo
timpu era, period of time tiempo
usal use usar
For hundreds of parallel citations, consult the Chavacano Reader (Miravite
et al. 2009. Dunwoody Press).
ix

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x

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xii

In Jaga Pitaka’
Ina’: Unu in huhulmatan dīhil kaymu hi Babu’ Ubay mu?
1
Selection 1
Anak: Tagad! Iyuukab ku pa ini. Hātiku pitaka’ ini. Huun, maray’ pitaka’.
Ina’: Bang yan pitaka’ maray’ awn sīn ha lawm.
Anak: Bang bihadtu, iyusal niya tagna’ in huhulmatan niya kāku’.
Ina’: Bukun bihadtu, anak. Liyuunan niya yan sīn ha supaya awn jaga
pitaka’.
Anak: Unu in jaga pitaka’?
Ina’: Pitaka’ in huhulmatan kaymu?
Anak: Huun, pitaka’ ini, ina’. Awn sambil hang gatus pilak ha lawm.
Ina’: Amu na tuud yan in jaga pitaka’. Sīn siya pila-pila na. Pagbutangun
siya ha lawm magjaga sin pitaka’. Hangkan tiyawag siya jaga pitaka’.
Anak: Na, mayta’ subay awn jaga pitaka’?
Ina’: Lawng nila bang awn jaga sin pitaka’ mu di’ ini kaubusan sīn. Awn
sadja sīn hikaluun mu ha lawm. Hangkan apabila awn ba’gu pitaka’ subay
tuud awn jaga. Di’ mu manjari ini gastuhun. Bang mu ini usalun, subay
kaw mamī ba’gu, pasal pangahagari ini sin way na sumūd sīn pa pitaka’
mu. Di’ mu manjari sambian atawa usalun in jaga pitaka’ hipamī mu unuunu
na. Subay mu tuud ini di’ tangkugun. Subay ini hitaw’ ha pitaka’ mu
saumul.
Vocabulary
in cm the [topic case marking
particle for common nouns]
jaga ! n guard, watchman; patrol
@ vn guarding, watching s.t.
carefully # v guard, watch;
protect
pitaka' n wallet; purse
ina’ n kin mother
unu qw what?
huhulmatan n gift, offering;
entertainment
• hulmat v give, provide, issue;
entertain, serve; do service
(usually for s.o. of high rank)
• CV- -an circum [forms nouns]
dīhil v past gave, provided, issued
• -iy- v infix pass past -ed, -en
• dihil v give, provide, issue
kaymu pro obl you [singular
object]; to/for/with you; your,
yours [Var spel: kaimu]

Selection 1
hi cm sg poss of [personal noun
singular possessive case
marker]
babu’ n fem kin aunt
Ubay pn fem Ubay (female personal
name)
mu pro poss your, thy [singular];
by you; you
anak n child, offspring
tagad v wait, await
iyuukab v pass pres is being
opened; am/is/are opening
• CiyV- v pass pres prf is being
VERBed [indicates progre-
ssive ~ present form of a
passive verb]
• ukab v tr open
ku pro poss my; by me; I
pa dp time still, yet
ini deic-1 this (near speaker);
these; here
hātiku dp adv probably,
presumably, most likely;
maybe, perhaps [lit. I think]
• hāti ! n meaning; understanding
@ v root understand, know the
meaning of; think, learn
huun dp intj yes! [affirmative,
confirmative; colloquial spoken
variants include huu, haa, hm
and wa]
maray’ dp maybe, possibly,
perhaps; probably
bang conj if, whether, as to [conditional];
when, at, during; once
[temporal]
yan deic-2 this (one here, near
listener), these; there (near
you); this coming (near in
future time)
awn exis poss there is/are; have,
own, possess
sīn n money
ha lawm prep loc cmp inside,
within [Var spel: ha laum]
2
ha cm loc at, in, on; with, between,
among; during; for, to;
against; from; based upon
[Indicates general or nonspecific
location.]
lawm n abs depth (as of the sea or
one's thoughts); inside, interior
(of s.t.); seriousness [Var spel:
laum]
bihadtu ! deic comp like that @
qw cmp is that so? [Var
biyadtu]
iyusal v pass past used; was used
• usal v use [Span usar]
niya pro poss his, hers, its; he,
she, it; by him, her, it
tagna’ adv time ! first, at first;
before, formerly, from the
beginning; [atr] former @ v
begin, be first
kāku’ pro 1 sg obl me; for me, to
me; mine
bukun neg pred not (so)
liyuunan v loc past put; was put
• -iy- -an v circum loc past was
VERBed
• luun ! n contents, everything
inside of s.t. else @ v fill, put ~
place s.t. inside s.t. else
ha supaya conj cmp so that, in
order to
supaya conj so that, to, in order
that, for
sambil adv conj including; as
well as, and ... too [conjunctive];
until, up to
[temporal]
hang gatus num cmp one hundred
• hang- num prf one
• gatus num hundred
pilak n silver; money; pesos
amu na dp phr agreement the
very one, the very thing
amu dp thus, so, like this, like
that; right, correct, true, correct

na ! dp time now (expected)
[Signals the arrival of the time
of an event or the attainment of
an expected state; often not
translated.] @ dp time already
(sooner than expected) [Signals
the occurrence of an event or
the attainment of a state sooner
than expected. Contrasts with
pa.] # dp intj Well!, Now!
[Used at the beginning of a sentence.]
$ All right (then)!,
Okay! [Calls attention to a
point of contention or incites a
person to do s.t.]
tuud dp adv very, really, truly,
exactly, indeed; surely, plainly,
thoroughly; so much so; at all
siya pro 3 sg topic he, she, it
pila-pila enum indef any amount;
whatever it costs
pagbutangun v is placed, is
added
• pag- -un v pass circum being
VERBed; get VERBed
• butang ! v put, place (s.t. somewhere)
@ n pile (a group of
things placed somewhere)
magjaga v inf guard
sin cm poss of the [genitive, possessive
marker]; by the [nonfocused
SUBJ]; with, against,
from [equivalent to Tagalog
ng]
hangkan conj because, therefore,
thus, that is why
tiyawag v pass past was called
• tawag v root call, summon, ask
s.o. to come
mayta’ qw why?
subay preverb should, ought to,
must
lawng nila v cmp they say; adv
cmp accordingly
lawng ! v say; think @ make a
mistake, err; be mistaken; [ext]
3
Selection 1
deceive, delude, mislead [Var
spel: laung]
nila pro 3 pl poss their; by them;
they
di’ neg not, no; never
kaubusan v pot loc can run out of
• ka- -an # v pot loc circum can
be VERBed at ~ for
• ubus ! v finish off, consume s.t.
totally; complete; run out of @ v
st atr finished (off); done,
completed
sadja ! dp just, only @ adv time
always, all the time
hikaluun v instr pot can be put
• hika- v instr pot prf can be
VERBed
apabila conj if [conditional];
when, the moment that
[temporal]
ba’gu adj new
gastuhun v pass be spent
• gastu ! n cost; expense,
expenses, expenditure @ v root
spend money; support, provide
financial support for s.o.
• -hun v pass suf get VERBed; be
VERBed; fut will be VERBed
(after a vowel)
usalun v pass be used
• -un v pass suf get VERBed, be
VERBed; fut will be VERBed
[Forms transitive objectorientation
(direct passive) or
stative verbs when the verb root
ends in a consonant.]
kaw pro 2 sg topic enclitic you
[singular]
mamī v dist buy (in bulk);
patronize; fut will buy
• mang- v dist prf [Creates a verb
implying multiple repetitions of
the act or a plural object, but
both the –ng and the first consonant
of the root change; here
to mam-.]

Selection 1
• bī v tr root buy; sell
pasal ! prep concerning, for,
about @ conj because of # n
market
pangahagari v dist loc is
believed
• pang- -i v dist loc circum is
being VERBed at, in ~ on
• kahagad v believe; obey; follow
way na adv no more, no longer
• way adv no, not, no longer (used
to negate verbs in realis aspect)
sumūd v act inf to enter, to go
inside; [ext] to do business
• sūd ! n catch of fish (in a fish
corral) @ n business partner #
fine-toothed comb (for
removing hair lice) $ v mot
root enter, go inside; put s.t.
inside of s.t. else
• -um- v inf infix to do VERB once
off or one time (with
consonant-initial stems)
manjari ! preverb can VERB;
may; could; would @ v st
happen, come to pass; become,
turn out to be # dp seq then,
4
and then, now then, so then $ v
atr likely, probable
sambian v loc get changed; be
exchanged
• sambi’ v change, exchange,
replace
atawa conj or
hipamī v instr dist be bought (in
quantity) [rw bī]
• hipang- v instr dist prf VERB (in
quantity); be VERBed a lot
unu-unu na enum cmp redup any
unu-unu pro indef redup whatever;
something (or other)
tangkugun v pass be touched, get
moved
• tangkug v touch, move
hitaw’ v instr be kept, be stored,
be put away
• hi- v instr prf VERB (away)
[Used to form instrument verbs
or on any verb where the object
is moving away.]
• taw’ v root keep, put away
saumul adv time endlessly,
forever, (for) always