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excessive. This accusation has been fastened on the Shi‘ites to distort the real meaning of Shi‘ism.<br />

I (the author) firmly believe that the then authorities played an important role in creating that<br />

movement. They encouraged it and went too far in supporting it, that they might regarded as<br />

lawful shedding the blood of the Shi‘ites and prove against<br />

[1] Al‐Noubakhti, Firaq al‐Shi'a.<br />

[2] Abu al‐Husayn al‐Melti, al‐Tenbeeh. Ibn al‐Athir, al‐Kamil fi al‐Tarikh. Al‐Farq bayna al‐Firaq.<br />

them apostasy from the religion.<br />

It is important to mention some of their corrupt beliefs. They claimed that the Imams were gods.<br />

Some of them claimed that they were prophets. They believed in the transmigration of souls. The<br />

Imams of Ahl al‐Bayt were displeased with such beliefs, so they condemned them and warned the<br />

Muslims against them. It was reported on the authority of Imam ‘Ali, the Commander of the<br />

faithful, peace be on him, that he said: “Unbelief has been based on four pillars: lasciviousness,<br />

excessiveness, doubt, and suspicion.”[1]<br />

Imam al‐Sadiq, peace be on him, cursed Muhammed b. Muqlas al‐Kufi, an excessive leader. Then<br />

he wrote to all the countries to curse and to renounce him.[2] He, peace be on him, made it<br />

incumbent on his <strong>com</strong>panions to boycott them. He said to them: “Do not sit with them, do not eat<br />

and drink with them, do not shake hand with them, and do not inherit them.”[3] He, peace be on<br />

him, said: “The least thing through which one withdraws from faith is that he sits with an<br />

excessive person and listens to his speech and believes his words. Surely, my father related to me<br />

on the authority of Allah’s Apostle, may Allah bless him and his family, who said: ‘Two kinds of my<br />

<strong>com</strong>munity have no share in Islam: the excessive and the fatalists.’”[4]<br />

When Abu al‐Khettab was killed in Kufa, the Imam, peace be on him, said: “May Allah curse Aba<br />

al‐Khettab, those killed with him, and those who had mercy on them.” Bashshar al‐Shu‘ayri, a<br />

summoner to the excessive, came in to Imam al‐Sadiq, peace be on him, and he said to him: “Go<br />

away! May Allah curse you! By Allah, I will never sit with you under a ceiling!”<br />

Bashshar went out in shame. Then the Imam said to his <strong>com</strong>panions: “Woe unto him! Did he not<br />

believe in that which the Jews did? Did he not believe in that which the Magians did? Did he not<br />

believe in that which the Sabians did? By Allah, none has belittled Allah as this sinful has done! He<br />

is Shaytan, son of Shaytan! He has <strong>com</strong>e out of the sea to mislead my <strong>com</strong>panions! Therefore,<br />

beware of him! The present should tell those absent: ‘Surely, I am the servant of Allah, son of the<br />

servant of Allah! I was in the backbones and the wombs! Certainly I will die and be raised from the<br />

death! Then I will be questioned (by Allah)! By Allah, I will be questioned about what this liar has<br />

said in connection with me! What wrong with him! May Allah make him grieved! He is secure on<br />

his bed, while he has<br />

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