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Imam al‐Sadiq, peace be on him, and the rest of the Imams of Ahl al‐Bayt, peace be on them, then
we will find a flood of sciences and arts. They split open the doors to them and put their
foundations such botany, chemistry, medicine, and other sciences that have taken part in
developing scientific and cultural life during those times, and whose waves included the rest of
the times. The Imami sect has the greatest scientific inheritance the like of which no religious or
social sect has.
D. They have objectively taken care of the philosophy of government. They have clung to the
office of the Imamate. The theologians have limited the values and concepts of the Imamate
aiming at the righteous government Islam has brought. This government stands on pure justice
and truth through which the community is developed in economic and social fields, its rights and
interests are protected.
[1] Al‐Shafi'i, p. 234.
The philosophy of the Imamate the Shi‘ites maintain positively takes care of the policy of
government of the country. In their viewpoints it stands on a firm foundation of justice whose
plans and objectives none can carry out except the infallible Imam who does not yield to
sentiment and inclination; rather he follows the public interests. We have witnessed that in the
government of Imam ‘Ali, peace be on him. He adopted among the Muslims a kind of policy the
like of which the Muslims and other than them have never witnessed throughout the stages of
history. He treated the subjects with justice and equality. He denied his personal interests and
others.
Any way the Imami Shi‘ites maintain that the Imamate stands on a deep foundation of awareness
and understanding, that it is confirmed by the most wonderful reliable proofs from the Qur’an,
the sunna, and the decision of reason. E. They renounce the excessiveness in respect with the
Imams, peace be on him; and they decide that it is apostasy from the religion. These are the
essential affairs that distinguish the Imami Shi‘ites from the rest of the Shi‘ite sects.
4. Al‐Fetehiya
This sect maintained that ‘Abd Allah al‐Afteh was the Imam after his father Imam al‐Sadiq, peace
be on him. ‘Abd Allah al‐Afteh was Isma‘il’s brother. He was the eldest son of the Imam. The
Fetehiya supported their claim with a tradition. They took the beginning of the tradition and left
its end. This tradition is these words of Imam al‐Sadiq, peace be on him: “None has the right to
undertake the office of the Imamate except the eldest son provided that he has no defect.” As for
‘Abd Allah, he was a broad‐headed. It was said that he was broad‐legged. However, his followers
added to him some laudable deeds and achievements. ‘Abd Allah lived for seventy days after his
father’s death.[1] He had no son.[2] This sect also called al‐‘Ammariya whose leader was called
‘Ammar.[3] Perhaps he was ‘Ammar b. Musa al‐Sabati over whose traditions the traditionists have
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