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maintained that the Imam after al‐Husayn, peace be on him, was Muhammed, that he was al‐<br />

Mehdi, of whom the Prophet, may Allah bless him and his family, had given good news, who<br />

would fill the world with fairness and justice, that he is living and never dies, that he has<br />

disappeared in the Mountain of Redewa, and that there are with him honey and water. In this<br />

respect al‐Sayyid al‐Himyari says:<br />

The Imams from among Quraysh, the rulers of the truth, are four equal ones. (They are)‘Ali and<br />

the three from among his well‐known sons. A grandson is a grandson of faith and kindness; a<br />

grandson Kerbela made disappear; a grandson who will never dies, lead the horses, be followed<br />

by the standard; none has seen him for a time; he has disappear in (the mountain of Redewa); he<br />

has honey and water. Some of them exaggerated when they said: “(Muhammed) b. al‐Hanafiya<br />

was the Imam after Imam (‘Ali) the Commander of the faithful, peace be on him. He was before<br />

al‐Hasan and al‐Husayn. Al‐Hasan inwardly summoned (the people)<br />

[1] Adab al‐Murtada, p. 56.<br />

[2] Al‐Sayyid al‐Murtada, al‐Fusool al‐Mukhtara.<br />

through his <strong>com</strong>mand. Al‐Husayn appeared with the sword through his permission. They were<br />

two summoners to him, and were <strong>com</strong>manded by him.”[1] The Kaysaniya believed in<br />

transmigration of souls. They took this belief from the Indian philosophy. They did not absolutely<br />

believed in the transmigration of souls; rather they restricted that to the Imams only.[5] This sect<br />

came to an end and had no followers throughout the Islamic countries.<br />

2. Al‐Zaydiya<br />

Al‐Zaydiya have built their ideological frame on the revolt to remove oppressive governments and<br />

to establish justice. They have maintained that any ‘Alawid person <strong>com</strong>es out in revolt with the<br />

sword is an Imam to whom obedience is obligatory. All those who claim the Imamate and are<br />

sitting in their own houses are not Imams and it is not permissible to follow them.[3]<br />

More likely, they maintained that due to the oppression and tyranny the Shi‘ites met during those<br />

terrible times. The Umayyad government regarded as atheistic all those who loved Ahl al‐Bayt,<br />

peace be on them. To this meaning al‐Kumayt, the poet of Islam, refers: They indicate with their<br />

hands to me and their statement is: verily this is unsuccessful, while the indicters are more<br />

unsuccessful (than me). A sect has accused me of unbelief and a sect says that I am an evil‐doer<br />

and guilty. They criticize me for (my) love for you out of their deception and deviation; rather they<br />

mock (at me), while I wonder at them. They say: His inclination and opinion are Turabi; (such was)<br />

I called and nicknamed by them.[4]<br />

‘Abd Allah b. Kuthayr al‐Sehmi refuted those who criticized him for his love for the family of the<br />

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