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Wonderful Resistance
The Shi‘ites resisted the violent attacks of the rulers, defended their doctrines, and protected their
message. They paid no attention the to tyranny and terrorism of the ruler. The carried out the
following wonderful deeds:
A. The Secret Propaganda
The Shi‘ites secretly and continually resisted the tyranny and oppression of the ‘Abbasids. They
made widespread propaganda against them. They exposed their arrogance, their disparaging the
subjects, their possessing alone their affairs, and other things. They wanted to make the subjects
hate the then standing government. The Shi‘ite propaganda at the Umayyad time could create
collective feelings against that government until it overthrew it. At the ‘Abbasid time it spared no
effort to strip the ‘Abbasid government of legality. It indicated that all those who joined them or
cooperated with them were sinful and were not clinging to their religion. Those campaigns
enlightened the public opinion, opened the door to the continuos revolt against those tyrannical
rulers, and deprived them of the confidence of the masses in them.
[1] Tarikh Baghdad, vol. 4, p. 153.
[2] Ibn al‐Athir, al‐Kamil fi al‐Tarikh, vol. 7, p. 38.
B. Forming Parties
During their first time, the Shi‘ites formed secret parties, and those parties formed groups of
people and organizations. Each group and organization was headed by a person called al‐Da‘i (the
summoner).[1] The Shi‘ites played an important role in moving the society. For they were able to
establish some Shi‘ite governments in some Islamic countries. They founded a state in Morocco.
The state was founded by ‘Ubayd Allah al‐Mehdi in the year 296 A. H. It included Siqlya and the
south of Italy. They also formed a state in Egypt at the hand of the great leader Jawher al‐Siqili in
the year 358 A. H. They founded the Nezari State of Death (Dawlet al‐Mout al‐Nezariya) in Persia
in the year 483 A. H. This state was founded by al‐Hasan b. al‐Sebbagh. They founded a state in al‐
Bahrain in the year 270 A. H. This state was founded by al‐Hasan al‐Ahwazi, Hemdan b. al‐Ash‘ath,
and Abu Sa‘eed b. Merewayh al‐Jenabi. The Fatimid state founded al‐Ezher Mosque in Egypt. This
mosque was the first science foundation to be founded by the Shi‘ites. The Shi‘ites built castles
and strongholds in Syria (Sham).
The reason for this important political success was the secret organizations founded by the
Shi‘ites in their first times. The Shi‘ites had records including the names of the Shi‘ite summoners.
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