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Exemplary Punishments on the Shi‘ites
As the Shi‘ites were the strongest organizations who demanded the responsible to establish social
justice, human values, they were subjected to severe vengeance by the governors and the kings.
Those governors and kings practiced on the Shi‘ites all kinds of force and violence. They deprived
them of life through throwing them into dark prisons. The pursed them and practiced on them
exemplary punishments. They cut off their hands and legs. They gouged their eyes and crucified
them on the trunks of the date‐palms.[1] An example of that is that Mu‘awiya subjected them to
oppression and tyranny. He wrote a letter to all his governors mentioning in it: “If you come to
know that someone loves ‘Ali and his household, then delete his (name) from the Divan and do
not give a salary to him.” Then he sent them another letter saying: “If you accuse someone of
loving these people (the ‘Alawids), then severely punish him and demolish his house.” [2]
Imam al‐Baqir, peace be on him, talked about the ordeals and misfortunes wreaked by the
oppressive upon their Shi‘ites, saying: “Our Shi‘ites (followers) were killed in all the cities; their
hands and their legs were cut off for a suspicion. All those who loved us were imprisoned, their
properties were plundered, and their houses were demolished.”[3]
During those dark periods, the Shi‘ites met many political and social problems; there is no way to
imagine them because they were horrible and bitter. Some poetry
[1] Ibn Abi al‐Haddeed, Sharh Nahjj al‐Balagha, vol. 3, p. 15.
[2] Hayat al‐Hasan b. 'Ali, vol. 2, pp. 302‐307.
[3] Ibn Abi al‐Haddeed, Sharh Nahjj al‐Balagha, vol. 3, p. 15.
lines have been ascribed to an Imam of the Shi‘ites. In them he has mentioned the disasters that
befell them, saying: We, the sons of the chosen one, have ordeals our Kazim stand. Our ordeal is
great among the people. The first and the last of us is inflicted. The people are delighted with their
‘Id, while our ‘Id is a funeral ceremony.
All the Muslims are delighted with their ‘Ids. However, the Shi‘ites felt that their ‘Ids were funeral
ceremonies due to the ordeals they met. The accusation of Shi‘ism was among the most
dangerous crimes that brought about exhaustion and severe punishments. Rather the mere
communication with the Shi‘ites or greeting them brought about death and severe punishments.
When Ibrahim b. Herthema went to Medina, a man visited him. He said to the man: “Go away
from me! Do not let them shed my blood!”[1] Mansur al‐Nimri has mentioned in a poem of his the
harm and tyranny that befell the Shi‘ites, saying:
The Prophet’s family and those who love them hide themselves out of fear of killing.
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