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among you; therefore listen to him and obey him.”[1] There are tens of traditions similar to this
one. They clearly show that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and his family, appointed Imam ‘Ali,
peace be on him, as a caliph over the Muslims.
D. The dangerous events that accompanied the demise of the great Prophet, may Allah bless him
and his family, indicate that he at the last moment of his life time tried to reinforce the Imamate
of Imam ‘Ali and to support it through all means. This is clear through the following:
Firstly, he, may Allah bless him and his family, took care of preparing the troops of Usama while
he was in the last hours of his life time. He made it incumbent on the Muslims among whom were
some of his great companions to join them immediately. He ordered them to leave Median soon.
Apparently, he intended to void Medina of those craved after the caliphate. However, the people
tarried and did not obey the Prophet’s commands. They looked for some excuses.
Secondly, the Prophet, may Allah bless him and his family, ordered ink and parchment, that he
might write for the community a document after which it would never go astray. Those who
craved after the government came to know of his purpose, so they created violent disputes. They
accused the Prophet, may Allah bless him and his family, of delirium. So they spoiled his command
and they prevented him from his purpose. Accordingly, he, may Allah bless him and his family,
rebuked them and ordered them to leave his house. Then he turned to those present and asked
them to take care of his household. Of course, through this procedure he wanted to reinforce the
pledge of allegiance to Imam ‘Ali at Ghadir Khum. However, the people prevented him from that.
E. The pure family of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and his family, protested against Abu Bakr
and refrained from pledging allegiance to him, especially as it concerns the positive attitude
Fatima, the mistress of the women of the world, peace be on her, took toward him. She
wonderfully protested against him. When she was about to die, she asked (her husband) Imam
‘Ali to bury her in the dark lest one of the members of the government of Abu Bakr should come
to know of her burial. All these things clearly indicate that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and
his family, appointed Imam ‘Ali as a successor after him.
The flagrant protests issued from Fatima, mistress of the women of the world, peace be on her,
from the pure family of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and his family, and from the Muslim
great figures such as ‘Ammar b. Yasir, Abu Dharr, [1] Al‐Tabari, Tarikh, vol. 2, p. 63. Ibn al‐Athir, al‐
Kamil, vol. 2, p. 22.
Selman al‐Farisi, and al‐Muqdad are among the most reliable proof of what we have mentioned. I
(the author) think that the protest of the daughter of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and his
family, and his sweet basil, against Abu Bakr and her strict, violent attitude toward him was the
reason for focusing the Shi‘ite thought, providing it with originality and subsistence. For the
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