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to be done or ordered it not to be done, it is not formative; rather it is legislative. For it does not
affect finding or leaving the verb by others; rather it depends on his formative will.
As for the formative will of Allah, it is that which associates with a thing, there is no escape from
finding the thing, and it is impossible for it to stay behind it. As for His legislative will, it is that
which associates with the deed in respect of its being good and righteous. As for Allah’s
prohibiting Adam from eating and He willed that, and the command of Him, the Exalted, to
Ibrahim to slay his son and He willed that, the command and prohibition in respect with them
were legislative. Similarly the meaning of the desire is the formative desire. The narration
declared that Ibrahim was ordered to slay his son Ishaq, not Isma‘il. This opposes the traditions
narrated on the authority of the Imams of guidance, peace be on them, and which indicated that
Ibrahim was ordered to slay his son Isma‘il, and not Ishaq.
We are satisfied with this amount of his answers to the atheists and his refuting their vague
errors. The Imam has another legacy related to the prophethood and the Imamate. Al‐Mejjlisi has
mentioned it in his book al‐Bihar. Al‐Kulayni has also mentioned it in his book al‐Usool. If we dealt
with it, then we had to write a big book on it. For this reason we are satisfied with what we have
mentioned as proof of his taking care of refuting the vague errors and confuting misleading
thoughts that spread among the Muslims.
Anyway, an atheistic movement invaded the time of the Imam. The enemies of Islam and those
who harbored malice against its victories led that movement. They thought that they had no
means to resist it except through spreading destructive beliefs among the Muslims, that they
might weaken the ideological side. However, shortly after that, those thoughts disappeared; those
misleading thoughts and heresies were buried through the good efforts of the Imams of Ahl al‐
Bayt, peace be on them, and the leading thinkers from among their students. That was when they
set off with great enthusiasm to defend Islam and to protect it from the vague errors of the
atheists and the misleading people.
Those atheistic waves, which spread during that time, clearly indicate that the
[1] Ibid., p. 151.
society led a bad life full of ideological differences and doubts about the Islamic thought. Without
doubt, the debates of the Imams, peace be on them, played an important role in returning the
Muslims to the way of the truth and correctness. With this point we will end our talk about the
ideological invasion that befell the Muslims, and that was the most important event at that time.
Bad Manners
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