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“What is the meaning of desires?” I asked him.
“The beginning of the verb,” he replied.
“What is the meaning of ordains?” I asked him.
“To ordain the length and width of a thing,” he answered.
“What is the meaning of decrees?” I asked him.
“When He decrees (a thing), He says to it: be,” he replied, “therefore, that is the thing which
nothing can avert.”[2] The short explanation to his speech is that man has optional deeds of which
are will, desire, estimation, and carrying out. As He, the Most High, regarded the out beings as
among His own verbs, they were preceded by desire, will, estimation, and carrying out, issued
from His knowledge and His power. Therefore, they should be preceded by desire, will,
determination, and decree. The desire and the will must be achieved in finding an optional deed.
The meaning standing in the soul through its relationship with the doer is called a desire, and
through its relationship with the verb is called will; the estimation is the specification of the
amount of the verb. The decree is the final decision between which and the verb there is no
means. When the decree of Him, the Most High, associated with a thing, He carried it out; it is the
thing which nothing can avert.
7. The Formative and Legislative Will
The Imam, peace be on him, said: “Surely, Allah has two wills and two desires: the will of
ordainment, and the will of determination. He prohibits and desires; He commands and does not
desire. Did you not know that He prohibited Adam and his wife from eating of the tree. He desired
that. If he had not desired that they would
[1] Ibid., p. 127.
[2] Ibid., p. 150.
not eat, their desire would have not overcome the desire of Allah, the Exalted. He commanded
Ibrahim to slay (his son) Ishaq. He did not desire to make him slay him. If He had desired, the
desire of Ibrahim would have not overcome the desire of Allah, the Most High.”[1] The
explanation of his statement is that will is divided into the real, formative will and the nominal,
legislative will. So man’s will that associates with his own deed is a formative will that urges his
limbs to find deed; along with it, it is impossible for limbs to refuse to obey except due to a certain
obstruction. As for the will that associates with the deeds of others such as that he orders a thing
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