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as the eyes do. The eyes attain Him through what they see, such as good structure and firm
creation, then the apostles and their communications, the Books and their clear verses. The
knowledgeable have restricted themselves to what they have seen of His Greatness without
seeing Him.[3]
Through this debate, the Imam, peace be on him, gave many proofs of the existence and oneness
of Allah. Many debates have been narrated on his authority in this respect. To mention them
requires elaborateness and being wide of the subject. So we are satisfied with these small debates
narrated on his authority.
[1] Al‐Tabari, al‐Ihtijajj.
[2] Ibid.
[3] Ibid.
Imam Musa
Imam Musa, peace be on him, played an important role in defending the Islamic thought, refuting
the vague errors of the atheists, and falsifying their beliefs. We will deal with some theological
questions about which the Imam was asked:
1. His confuting the Movement of Allah
Through the chain of the authorities of the non‐Shi‘ites (‘amma), it has been mentioned that Allah
comes down in the last one third of night and calls out in the heaven: “Is there anyone who
supplicates (Me) and asks (Me) for forgiveness?” Those who regard Allah as body deal with the
surface structure of these traditions without interpreting them or carefully consider their chain of
authorities, that they might establish that Allah had a body. The Imam, peace be on him, was
informed about that, and he said: “Surely Allah does not come down and is in no need of coming
down. His existence is the same in nearness and remoteness.[1] No close thing is far from Him,
nor is a distant thing is close to Him. He is in no need of anything; rather all things are in need of
Him; and He is the possessor of might.[2] There is no god but Allah, the Mighty, the Wise.”
“As for the words of the describers, ‘He, the Blessed and Exalted, comes down,’ they are of those
who ascribe him to decrease or increase.[3] All moving things are in need of that which moves
them or that through which they move.[4] Whoever has doubts about Allah perishes.[5]
Therefore, be careful in respect with His attributes lest you should define Him through increase,
decrease, mobilization, movement, disappearance, coming down, rising, and sitting down. For
Allah is far above the description of the describers, the depict of the depicters, the imagination of
the imagining. And rely on the Mighty, the Merciful, Who sees you when you stand up and your
turning over and over among those who prostrate themselves before [1] It means that Allah is far
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