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error, so they resisted them and spared no effort to destroy their thrones. We will soon mention
that in detail.
The Imams debate with them
The answers of the Imams of Ahl al‐Bayt, peace be on them, to the atheists was distinguished by
scientific thinking and decisive proofs that proved the genuineness of the Islamic thought in all
sides of its laws, the falsehood of the atheists and their invalid beliefs. The effect of those debates
on their souls was stronger than all the means used by the local governments to suppress them.
As the government lacked thinking, they restored to the force of iron and fire and throwing into
prisons to suppress and destroy them. However, this is the weapon of the feeble. For beliefs
cannot be refuted by anything except by scientific means. It is impossible to be overcome by
something other than that.
As for the Imams of Ahl al‐Bayt, peace be on them, they depended on scientific
[1] Abu al‐Farajj al‐Asfahani, al‐Aghani, vol. 1, pp. 60‐61.
[2] Tarikh Baghdad, vol. 14, p. 7.
[3] Tarikh al‐Ilhad fi al‐Islam.
means during their debates full of all ways of conviction and that give no way to doubt in respect
with the invalidity of their opponents’ beliefs. Accordingly many atheists confessed their invalid
beliefs and came back to the way of the truth and correctness. Besides some of them stated that
the Imams were the masters of mankind, and that perfect humanity could not be ascribed to
anyone other than them. Ibn al‐Muqafa‘ and ‘Abd al‐Kerim b. Abi al‐‘Awja’ acknowledged that.
That was when Ibn al‐Muqafa’ saw the Muslims circumambulating the Kaaba and said: “None of
those (people) deserve the name of humanity except that (Imam Ja‘far b. Muhammed, peace be
on him). As for the rest they are mobs and beasts.”
Ibn Abi al‐‘Awja’ hurried to the Imam and asked him: “O Shaykh, may Allah have mercy on you! In
which thing do we believe? In which thing do they believe? The thing in which they and we
believe is one.”
The Imam, peace be on him, answered him saying: “The thing in which you believe may be similar
to that in which they believe. They believe in the hereafter and the threat. They maintain that
there is a god in the heaven, and that there is inhabitedness therein, while you claim that the
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