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Merciful (Allah).[1] The Manism spread atheistic movement at the ‘Abbasid time. Ibn al‐Muqaffa‘
was among their prominent figures. He translated from Persian into Arabic Mani’s, Ibn Daysan’s,
and Merqiyun’s books.[2] He also wrote a book in which he propagated Manism and attacked the
Islamic principles. He began the book in the name of the Light, the Most Merciful, the Merciful. Al‐
Mehdi said: “All the books on atheism belong to Ibn al‐Muqaffa‘.”[3] He passed by a Persian’s fire
house and recited the following poetry line:
O ‘Atiqa’s house, I praise you out of fear of the enemies and the heart is entrusted to you.
Surely I grant you alienation. I swear by you that I incline to alienation.[4] It was said that he did
not respect the Qur’an and tried to oppose it.[5] Ferinshiko Gabriel doubted about the ascription
of that to him.[6] He claimed that he was killed not because of that he was accused of atheism,
rather it was because of his demanding security from al‐Mansur to ‘Abd Allah b. ‘Ali. So he
harassed al‐Mansur, and he ordered him to be killed.[7]
[1] 'Abd al‐Rahman Sidqi, Abu Nu'as Qisat Hayatihi, p. 63.
[2] Abu al‐Farajj al‐Asfahani, al‐Aghani, vol. 12, p. 87.
[3] Mu'jam al‐Udaba', P. 15. Al‐Amali, vol. 1, pp. 93‐94.
[4] Al‐Amali, vol. 1, p. 94.
[5] Tarikh al‐Ilhad fi al‐Islam, p. 43.
[6] Majallat al‐Dirasat al‐Sharqiya, vol. 13, p. 1932.
[7] Jahshyari, p. 110.
Anyway, Manism was the greatest of all the principles in attacking the Muslims at that time.
The Mezdakiya (Mezdekism)
Mezdikism was among the principles that spread during the ‘Abbasid Age I. It was a kind of
communism and urged the people to free themselves from all the social values. Al‐Sheristani has
mentioned some of Mezdik’s principles, saying: “He made the people take part in it just as they
take part in water, fire, and grass.”[1] Al‐Teberi has said: “Mezdek and his companions said:
‘Surely Allah has placed livelihoods on the earth, that people may divide it among themselves
equally. However, people have wronged each other in respect with them. They claimed that they
took from the rich to the poor, regain from the wealthy to the needy, that whoever has additional
money, women, and possessions, then he is not more appropriate than those other than him.’ So
the lowly violated that and took it as booty.”[2]
Those who had malice against the Islamic values adopted these principles and spread them
among the Muslims. Some people embraced them to satisfy their low desires and their
dissoluteness. As a result immorality and abominable deeds spread among the people. We will
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