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The atheistic movement appeared at the ‘Abbasid first time. The devious principles aiming at
chaos and mischief spread during it. Some simple people the propagation colored whatever it
wished adopted it. They followed them with out awareness and guidance. However the Imams of
Ahl al‐Bayt along with their great students from among the Muslims thinkers resisted that
ideological invasion, falsified the coming thoughts, refuted the vague errors of the atheists, and
saved the Muslims from them.
Imam al‐Sadiq, peace be on him, spared no effort to save the Islamic country from the unbelievers
and mischief‐makers. His son Imam Musa, peace be on him, helped him in this holy field of jihad.
A group of their students‐who armed themselves with rational programs, famous for strong
explanation, good opinion, sharp insight, and firm argument‐cooperated with them. They held
gatherings and debates in the public places, in the houses of the ministers and the kings. They
debated with the atheists on theological matters. Through strong proofs they proved that those
beliefs were false, to the extent that some leading atheists withdrew from their creeds and
followed the way of the truth and correctness. In the meantime the local governments persecuted
and severely punished the atheists. Unfortunately, they punished the innocent more than the
hypocrites. They used the accusation of atheism as means for throwing the innocent into prisons.
It is necessary to speak briefly about this important subject matter, which is the most important of
the events to take place at the ‘Abbasid time.
The Beginning of Atheism
Atheism is a psychological aspect. It is the most dangerous of all the social diseases and the
greatest of them in destroying man’s civilization and progress. It urges men to deny the Great
Creator, to deny the Day of Resurrection, to accuse the Apostles of lying, and to believe that man
is not under the domination of another power, that he manages and creates all his life affairs.
This disease results from a violent excitement that separates the vigilant feeling from the thought
and the faith in Allah. It results from either the desires of the soul or from the disease of
deprivation clinging to it.[1] When man is infected by this dangerous disease, the psychological
deterrents that prevent him from committing sin and abominable deeds completely collapse, his
soul is void of all good instincts, and he follows dark trends. In this respect the Holy Qur’an says:
And (as to) those who disbelieve, their guardians are Shaitans who take them out of the light into
the darkness.[2]
When soul goes too far in committing sin, it rushes into the fields of vices and it is not prevented
from that by any law in the world. For this reason social education is necessary, for it takes care of
purifying conscience, directs man to the righteous way, plants in soul all good instincts that urge
him to believe in Allah and the Day of Resurrection and prevents him from committing crimes and
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