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Chapter XIII : The Time of the Imam
The time of the Imam, peace be on him, was marked by terrible waves of racial, popular
inclinations, religious creeds, and ideological trends that had no relationship with Islam and met it
in no way. Those ideological movements conflicted with each other in a conflict that had neither
calmness nor stability, to the extent that that conflicted included most of the times.
The reason for that is that the Islamic conquest carried the cultures and sciences of the nations to
the Arab and Islamic world. Besides Islam brought a great wave of sciences and thoughts. In the
meantime it urged the Muslims to be free and to be specialists in all kinds of knowledge. That
brought about an ideological change in the Islamic society. The thoughts appeared in different
kinds of culture the like of which the society did not come to know in the bygone times. The
scientific abilities that burst in that time headed for the ideological part of life. Accordingly, the
Islamic doctrines and the religious sects were formed. The community was divided into parties
that witnessed great disputes, quarrels, and arguments. So the clubs were full of bloody fights and
violent struggle, especially as it concerns proving the Creator, His positive and negative attributes,
decree and determination, and the subject matter of the creation of the Qur’an. The most
prominent group in this field was that of the theologians. Many books were written on this
subject. They are full of many examples of those disputes and arguments.
Among the most dangerous and heated thoughts at that time was the atheistic thought
propagated by those foreigners who harbored malice against the Muslims and Islam, for they
were disturbed by the spread of Islam and its authority on the earth. Such people thought that
they had no ability to face Islam through war and force. So they spread their corrupt beliefs
among those weak, young Muslims. They propagated vague errors and imaginations among the
Muslims, to the extent that a group of those deceived and vainglorious responded to them. As for
Imam Musa, peace be on him, and the great thinkers from among his companions faced those
coming beliefs through criticizing them with strong, scientific proofs, explaining their corruption
and their remoteness from reality.
Their arguments had the nature of loyalty to the truth and taking care of the interests of the
Muslims. Large part of those who had such beliefs confessed their error and their corrupt trend.
So they returned to the doctrine of the truth and correctness. Because of that, the movement of
Shi‘ism appeared, and the scientific abilities of its leaders spread. So great part of the Muslims
adopted it. This affair disturbed the responsible, and they resisted it through persecuting and
severely punishing its followers. They prevented them from speaking in the ideological fields. So
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