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[4] Bayna al‐Khulafa' wa al‐Khula'a', p. 101.
[5] Tayfur, Tarikh Baghdad, p. 107.
[6] Al‐Tabari, the Events of the Year 193.
[7] Sayyidat al‐Bilat al‐'Abbasi, p. 48.
[8] Harun al‐Rashid, p. 75.
through that their government protected Islam, defended its principles and objectives. Yes, their
achieving the great conquests apparently indicate that they took care of the affairs of Islam.
However, if one carefully considers that, he will come to know that they did that to widen the
area of their kingdom, spread their authority, enslave the peoples, and to control their economic
resources. If they had been sticking to the interests of Islam, as it is said, they would have
regarded the Muslims as equal through a truthful, just policy and put the Islamic precepts into
practice. Yet, we have never witnessed anything of that. The books of history are full of
disgraceful pictures of their amusement and dissoluteness, their disparaging humane values, their
possessing alone the affairs of the Muslims, and their forcing them to lead a life of abasement and
enslavement. There was no shadow of the Islamic government aiming at developing life and
raising the level of thought.
The Imam’s Attitude
The attitude of Imam Musa, peace be on him, toward Harun’s government was distinguished by
severity and violence. For he made it forbidden for the Muslims to cooperate with it in all fields.
This attitude clearly appeared through his conversation with Saffwan. He said to him: “All things
issue from you are good and well except one thing.” Saffwan burnt with grief and his soul melted,
for he was sure that he did not incline to any act of disobedience; so he asked the Imam: ‐May I be
your ransom, which a thing is it?
‐Your hiring your camels to this tyrannical one (i.e., Harun). ‐I was neither joyful nor ungrateful
when I hired them to him, neither for hunting nor for amusement. However, I have hired them to
him for this road (i.e., the road to Mecca). I do not do that by myself; rather I send my servants
with them. ‐O Saffwan, do you take wage from them?
‐Yes, may I be your ransom.
‐Do you want them to subsist until you take your wage from them? ‐Yes.
‐Whoever wants them to subsist belongs to them; whoever belongs to them will enter the fire. In
his conversation, the Imam, peace be on him, expressed his strong vengeance and his intense
displeasure with Harun’s government. This attitude is strict and resulted from the core of the
Islamic thought that declared war without leniency against the oppressive and the despotic, and
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