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fornication while they punish those who commit it. They steal while they cut off the hands of
those who steal. They kill but they kill those who kill. You and they should establish these
prescribed punishments against yourselves before you establish them on the people. Therefore,
Harun, what will you do when the caller on behalf of Allah calls out: muster the oppressive and
their helpers? You will stand before Allah and your hands are shackled to your neck. Nothing will
untie them except your justice and fairness. The oppressive will stand around you; you will be in
front of them and lead them to the fire. It is as if that I saw you, O Harun, seized by the neck and
taken to the place of driving, and that you saw you good deeds in the balance of those other than
you, the evil deeds of those other than you along with your own deeds in your balance, a
tribulation on a tribulation, and a darkness on a darkness. Therefore, Harun, fear Allah in respect
with your subjects and keep Muhammed, may Allah bless him and his family, in his community.
Know that this authority has come to you and it will go to those other than you. In this manner
the world does toward its inhabitants one by one. Some of them have supplied themselves with
deeds that will benefit him; and some of them have lost their lives in this world and the next. Be
careful and be careful not to write to me after this (letter). That is because I will not write you an
answer. Greetings!
Then he sent this letter open without folding and sealing.[1] This immortal letter indicates that
Sufyan had great faith, bravery, and self‐negation. That is because he showed Harun his arbitrary
deeds in respect with the properties of the Muslims and his possessing alone their wealth, and
that he was responsible for his conducts and would be punished because of them before Allah,
the Most High. Besides he told him about the corrupt organs of his government. He told him that
they betrayed the community and plundered its wealth. Moreover, he told him that he and the
members of his government had to establish those prescribed punishments against themselves
before they established them against thieves and criminals, due to the fact that they were the
source of corruption and crime on earth.
It is not correct to regard Harun as among the caliphs who kept the Islamic entity and teachings
because of his deeds that contradicted the essence of Islam.
Ibn Khaldun’s Statement
Ibn Khaldun went too far in sanctifying Harun. He acquitted him from extravagance and treason.
He has said: “The man (Harun) did not commit any forbidden thing from among the great sins
with the men of the creed. Indeed those people were far from practicing extravagance and luxury
in their clothes and ornaments and the rest of their needs because of their coarse desert life and
the simplicity of the religion they did not leave.”[2] Ibn Kaldun was among those who did not
write for history and serving the community. Rather he wrote for a special party far from the
essence of reality. In many of his researches he lowered the curtain on the reality. He served the
government or the environment. Through that he has wronged Islamic history. Indeed to judge
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