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Harun went too far in spending money on the poets. He generously spent properties on them. He
enriched them, for they went too far in praising him and giving him the qualities of the Allah‐
fearing, the protection of the religion and keeping it. They described him as the shadow of Allah
on earth. They said that Allah would not accept deeds except through Harun’s pleasure and
showing obedience to him. They also said that if Harun was discontented with someone, then
prayer and acts of worship would not benefit. This meaning has clearly been mentioned in what
Mansur al‐Nimri has said:
If someone discontents Harun, he does not benefit by the five prayers.
Surely noble deeds and kindness are valleys. Allah has placed you where they widen. If you raise a
man, then Allah raises him. And whomever of the peoples you push down is pushed down. Harun
employed those poets as mouthpieces of propagation and buffoonery. So they, through what they
composed, spread among the people that Harun was the protector of Islam, that he was the
representative of the Islamic justice on earth, and that he spread the truth all over the country.
Among those who described him
[1] Abu al‐Farajj al‐Asfahani, al‐Aghani, vol., 10 pp. 172‐173.
as the representative of justice and the protection of the religion is Dawud b. Razin, who said:
Through Harun light appeared in all cities, and through his just conduct the right way has been
established.
He is the Imam who is busy (thinking of) the selfness of Allah, and the most thing of which he
takes care is invasion and the hajj.
The eyes of the people become narrow because of the light of his face when his bright view
appears before the people.
An Umayyad person praised him through a poem in which he has mentioned:
O One entrusted by Allah, I say the words of one with intelligence, truthfulness, and lineage.
You have an excellence over us; and we have through you the excellence over all the Arabs.
‘Abd Shams followed Hashim, and they both belonged to one father and mother.
Therefore, bestow upon our womb relatives, for ‘Abd Shams was ‘Abd al‐Muttalib’s uncle.
So he ordered a thousand dinars to be given to him for each a poetry line; and then he said to
him: “If you increase us, we will increase you.”[1] The poets went too far in praising him,
elaborating on and lauding him. He also went too far in giving them generously and bestowing on
them. One of his gifts to them is that which has been narrated by al‐Teberi, who has said: “Sa‘eed
b. Muslim b. Qutayba al‐Bahili came in to al‐Rashid in his gathering of poetry, and the poets were
reciting to him their poems. He said to him: ‘Commander of the faithful, there is a Bedouin from
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